98-3 90 1998
90 : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - 2 -
. 1. 1990 3 1. 3 2. 1990 5 1) ( ) 6 2) ( ) 8 3) ( ) 9 3. 13 1) 14 2) 16 3) 18 4) 19 4. 1990 21 1) 21 2) 2 23 3) 27 5. 1990, 30 1) : 30 2) : 31 3) : 32 4) : 34 5), : 35 - I -
. 1990 38 1. 38 1) 38 2) 1990 40 3) 43 4) 1990 45 2. 46 1) 46 2) 1990 49 3) 53 4) 1990 54 3. 59 1) 59 2) 1990 60 3) 64 4) 1990 66 4. 67 1) 67 2) 1990 69 3) 74 4) 1990 75 5. 77 1) 77 2) 1990 80 3) 84 4) 1990 85 6. 91 1) 91 2) 1990 93 3) 97 - II -
4) 1990 98. 100 1. 100 1) 100 2) 109 3) 111 2. 113 1) 114 2) 117 3) 123 4) 126 5) 131 6) 135 3. 140 1) 140 2) 143 3) 149. 155 158 Abstract 161 : 164 - III -
. 50.. 1990 1998 9 5,...,,. - IV -
1990. 1960 ( ) 1970. 1980 < >(1988), 1990 < >(1993), < >(1995).,. 5 < >(1978) < >(1984) < >(1987) < >(1988) <3 1 >(1989) 5 < >(1971) < >(1971) < >(1972) < >(1972) < >(1973), 3....,.. 10 - V -
. < > < >, < >, < >. < >, < 4 >,.. 90,... 1.., < > < > < > < > < >. 1990,,,. ( ),., 1990., 1985 1 - VI -
1990 8 15,,,.,,,..,... < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. 1950,...,,,,. - VII -
.. 2,,...,.,,..,,. - VIII -
... 50,.. 10 10..,.,,,,, 2002,,. 10. - I -
. 1990. 1998 9 5,.. 5 90,,. 90 10.,.. - II -
. 1990 1. 1998 9 5. 1),.. 1990 5 24 9 1 1,...., 1972 1992. 1972,.,,,. 1972 20 1992 4 9. 1) 105,,,,..,,. - III -
. 1980 1990.,. 1992.,.. 1998 5. 1972.... 2),..,,.. 2) 21 (1998. 9. 17 225 ), p. 20. : (1997 ) 10.. - IV -
.... 2. 1990 1992.,,.. 1993 12 10 < >, 1994 4 < >.,,,. 3).. 1992 2 1970.. 1) ( ) 1990. 3), < >(, 1998), 46. - V -
. 1990 2. 4). 1990 5 24 9 1 1..,... 5).. 6) 1990,, 4).. 27 31, 1980 38. 10 1990 5 9 1 1. 5), < > (1994 2 ), 55. 6).... - VI -
..,.,.,,.... 81 1993 4 13. 1, 1997. 7) 2) ( ) 1994 7 8.. 7).. - VII -
.. 1994 10 16 100.,.,. 1997 7 30 7 28..,.. 1997 8 26. 1997 7 9 3,,,,, 8 26 9 9. 1912, 1997 9 9.,.,. 1997 7 19, - VIII -
3, 4, 5..... 3) ( ).,.,.,,.....,... 1998 1 27 30 - IX -
...,,.... ( 1 8 ) ( 17 ).. 1990 2. 8) 2 8) 1992 2. 1970.,.. 2 < >.., < >, < >, < >... < > 1992 2 50 1,2 ( 50 ) 1998 7 21 44.. 1 4 ( ), 5 14 16 ( ), 6 9 ( ), 10 ( ), 11 13 ( ), 17 18 ( ), 19 ( ), 20 24 ( ), 25 33 ( ), 34 42 ( ), 43 44 ( 10 11 ). 1998 43 44 (10 11 ) 25 33 (1 9 ). 11. - X -
,..,......... 1990. 9) < >, < > 1990. 10) 9) 1986 < >.. < >, < >. 10), < >,, 1996 6 :. < >.,.,.... - XI -
. 1980,.. 1994 9 4...., < > < >..,....... 11) 11) 1997 1 < >., < >. 1990. - XII -
.. 3...,.,..... 1).,. < >, < >, < >, < >. - XIII -
. < > 12).......,.... < > 13),...... 12), < > (1964 1 8 ). 13), <, >(1972 11 7 ). - XIV -
...,,.. 1990. < >. 1988 12 19 < >. < >. 14) < >,. 2).... 14) < >.. - XV -
... < 2 8 >, < >, < >, < >, <, >.,,,,,.,...,..,.,.,..,,.,.,. - XVI -
,.,. 3)...,.. < > < >, < >.,.. < > 15).. < > 16).. 15), < >(1966 4 30 ). 16), < >(1961 3 7 ). - XVII -
... < > 17)... 1991 7 17..,.. 18).,. 4)... < 17), < >(1946 8 8 ). 18), (, 1992), p.8 :,,.. - XVIII -
> 19).,,,,.,.,..,,,,.....,. 1997 4 27., 1997 10 17 50 50,.. 19), < 9 >(1966 10 16 ). - XIX -
4. 1990 1) 1980. 20).,..... ( ). 1970.... 1986 7,. 1990. 20) 1986 7 < >.. - XX -
1989 12 28 < >.. 2 1)..,..,,.. 22). 1990,,.. 1992 5 21), < >(, 1989 12 28 ),, pp. 248-273. 22), ( :, 1992), p. 17. - XXI -
. 1993 9. < >. 23).... 24) 2) 2 1992 5 23,,. 1970. 25) 2 1990. 23), < >, 1993 10 4. 24).. 25) 1 1970. 1930. 5 5. 1,.. - XXII -
.. 2.,. 26).. =, =. 2... 1970,,,.. 27) 26) 2 1..,. 27).. < >. < > 40, 1-4. - XXIII -
2,.. 1 1973 4, 2 1992,,,. < >, < >.. 2.. 28),, 20, 20.. 29) 1992.., 28). 1993 1 10. 2, 80. 5. 29) < >, < >, < >. 1990 < >, < >....,...,, (< > ). - XXIV -
. < > < >. 11 1953 6 < >.. < >.. 30) 2.,,.,,..,.. < >, < >. 30),... < > < >, < >, < >. < >... - XXV -
..... 3)..... 3. 1975 5 11 3 1980,.,.., - XXVI -
. 3 1994 11 1 < >.. 1996. 31) 3. 3,,. 3,... < > < >, < >. 1997 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. 31) 1996 :.,. 3,,. 3 10,..,. - XXVII -
. 1997 2 24 3, 4 30 4 26 4 3.,.. 50...,.,,.. 5. 1990, 90.,,.., - XXVIII -
. 1) : 1972 4 3 1975 12, 1985. 1995. 3. 1973. < >.,,. < >. < >, < > < >. < >, < >,.,,,... 32).. 32), < >, (1996. 6). - XXIX -
2) :.. 1996 3,.. 1997 2 4 ( ) 1,, 1... 33).,. 34) < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <800 >, < >. 4 < > 3 < >, 5 < >. 3 < > 5 33) (59), pp. 49-50. 34), < > 1 (, ). - XXX -
< > < >, < >, < >. 3) : 1980..,,.,... (1) 1983 7 22..,. 1990,, - XXXI -
. (2) 1985 6 4.., 1960.,.,. 4) :. 1995.,...,... - XXXII -
, 1990. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >.,.,,,. 5), :,,.,,..,.,,. - XXXIII -
1990 < >,, 35) < >.,. 36) < >,,. < > < >.,. < >. 37) 35) < >.,..... 9..,. 36) < > < >.., < >, (1991. 4). - XXXIV -
1991 < >. < >. < >(1992), < > < >(1993). < >, < >, 6 25 < >, < >. < >, < >. < >, < >, < > 38)..,. 37), < > (1991. 4) :,. 38). - XXXV -
. 1990 1. 1) 1930.,.,, 1950. 1960 1930 < ( )>, < >, < >, < >, < >, <3 1 >.,. 1970 < >(1971), < >(1971), < >(1972), < >(1972), < >(1973) (< > ) < >(1978), < >(1984), < >(1987), < >(1988), <3 1 >(1989) < >.,,,..,.. - XXXVI -
.,. 1970 1990. 1990,... 1990. 1968 < > 1992. 1994 < >. 1993 < >, 1995 < >. < >, < >. < > 1990 1990. 39) 39).. 3....,.... - XXXVII -
2) 1990 1990.. 1960 ( ). 1970. 40) 1980,.. 1988 < >, 1990. 1993 < >, 1995 < >.. 1990.,,.,.,. 1990,,,, 40...,. 40) 1960 1930 < >(1964) < >(1966), < >, < >(1969). < > < > 1970.. - XXXVIII -
. 1990...,. < >(1990), 41) < >(1991), 42) < >( 1994), 43) < >(1995), 44) < >(1995), 45) < >( 4 25 1996), < >(1996), 46) < 41)... 42) (1991. 2)... ( )... 43). ( ),. 44) (1995. 2)...,... 45) (1995)... ( ).. 46) (1996).. - XXXIX -
>(1996) 47). 1990.. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. < >(1990), < >(1990), < >(1991), 48) < >(1991), < >(1995), < >(1996) < >(1996), < >(1997)... < >. 49) < >(1993) < >(1993). 1990. ( )., 47) (1996).. 48), (1991. 3). 49) < >. - XL -
. ( ),...,.. ( ), ( ), (, ). 3)...,.. 1990 ( ).,,.. - XLI -
. < >(1990), < >(1990), < >(1991), 50) < >(1991), < >(1993), < >(1995).,. < >(1990), 51) < >(1991), < >(1994), < >(1997) 52).,.. < >(1993), < >(1994), < >(1997) 3, 4.....,. 50), (1991. 6). 51),. 52), < >, (1997. 4). - XLII -
,... 4) 1990 1990 < >, < >, < > 1991 < >( ), < >( ), < >, < >( ) < >, < > < >( ), < > 1993 < >( ), < >( ) < >, < >, < >( ) - XLIII -
1995 < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) 1996 < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < > < > 2. 1).,.,. 1960. 1973. 53) 53) < >., 8. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). - XLIV -
.,,. 1970. 1980.,,..,. 6 25, < >, < >, < >. < > < > l0 6, < > 6. 25. 54) 1974 < >. 2. 20. < >, < >.... < > 1985. 3. < >, < >, < > 54) < > 40 1 5, < > 20. - XLV -
..,.. 1991 2 49., 2 l6.... 55) 1987, 1987 2 3 5.. 2, 5. 1987 1989 1 2 < > < >,. l < > 1980. =. < >(1990), 56) < >, < >(1995) 57) 1990. 1980 1990 55) 199l l < >, 1992 2 < >. 56) < >,.. 57). - XLVI -
. 2) 1990 1990,. < >(1990), 58) < > 4 < >( )(1990), 59) < >( )(1990), 60) < >(1992), 61) < >(1993), 62) < >(1995), 63) < >( )(1995) 64). < >(1998) 65)..,. < >( )(1990), 66) < >(1993 58) 6 25. 59) (, ). 60) (, ). < >( ) < >( ).. 61). 62) 2.8 (, ). 1951. 63) 6 25. 64) 8. 65) (1998. 4). < > < >. - XLVII -
), 67) < > 3 ( ), 4 ( )(1995), 68) < >(1995), < >(1995), < >(1995), < >(1998), 69) <!>(1998) 70).,,, < >1.2 (1995), < >(1995), <89 > (1995), < >(1995), < >(1995), < >(1995), < > (1998) < > 3 < >(1995), < >(1995), < >(1995), 1990. 71). 20. 1992 5 2. 1970 l, 2 66). 67) (, )... 68) -1. 69) 1998 5.. 70).. 71) (1990-1997), (1990. 1-1998. 6). - XLVIII -
. 1990, 2. 2,,.. 1990 < >, < >, < >(1996) 72).,. < >, < > 2 < > < 8 >, <3 >, < 40 >. 2 < >.. 1992 2 50 1, 2 < > 1998 7 21 44,. 73),, 72).. 73). (1 4 ) (5 14 16 ). (6 7 ) (8 10 ), (11 13 ), (17 18 ). (19 ), (20 24 ), (10 11, 25 33, 43 44 ), (34-42 ). 1998 43 44 (10 11 ) 25 33 (1 9 ). 25 - XLIX -
,,. 74) 20. 1980. 1990....,.. 3. 75) 3).. 1990. < >, < >, 1990 < >, < >.. 74) (1994). 75) 1998 <7 >. (1998). <7 > (1998. 5).. - L -
.,.,.,. 1994,. < >, < >, < > < 8 3 >. 76)..,.. 4) 1990 1990 76) < >. < >.. < 8 3 > <8 3 >.. < >, < >. - LI -
< >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <90 >, <1,000 >, < >, < >, < >, < >(1, 2), < >, < >, < > < > 4 < >( ), < > ( ), < > 2 ( ), < >, < > ( ), < >, < >, < > (1-3 ), < > 1, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <5 5 >, < >, < > < >, < >, < > ( 33,34 ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < > (22-27 ), < > (11-20 ), 1993 < >, < > 2 < >, < > 1, 2, 3, <3 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < - LII -
>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < > 11-16, < >, < >, < > 6, 7, < >, < > 1, 2, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >56, < > 37, < >, < >, < > < > 33-36, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1994 < >, < > 1-4, < 1994 >, <,, >(1994.4.8-10 ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 3 >, < >, < > 1 ( ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < 8 3 >, < >, < >, <26 >, < > < > 17-30, < >, < >, < > 1, 2, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > ( ), < > ( ) - LIII -
< >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 38, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < > 37-40, < > 44-46, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1995 < >( 5-7 ), < >, < >, <, >, < >, < >, < >, < >(1), < >, < >, < > 2 < >, < >, < > < > ( 30-32 ), < > 3 ( ), 4 ( ), < >, < >( ), <!>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > (1, 2 ), <89 >( ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 3 < >, < >, < > ( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) - LIV -
< >, < >, <5 10 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 16-18, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 61-63 < >, < > 1, < >, < >( ), < >( ), < > < >(41-45 ), < >, < >, <?>, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >(1, 2, 3), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 10 >, < ( )>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >(34-37 )(< > 1-4 ), < >( ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >(1,2 ), < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < - LV -
19 >, < >( ), < >, < >, < >(65-69 ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >(46-49 ), < >, < >, < >, < > 3. 1)..,..,, 1990, 1990.,,..,. - LVI -
.. 77).. 1990,. 1989 13... 1.. 2) 1990 1990., 1990. 1990.,.,. 78) 77),,,. - LVII -
1994 3, 11,,, 400 50.,,,. 1994 < >. < > 1990 1992 12, 1993 2. ( ) 1994 4, < >. < > 90. < >. < > < >. < >, 8, < >, < >, < >.. 79) 78)., < >(1992) :.... 79) < >.,,., < - - LVIII -
< >. 1985 1990. 80) ( ). 1995 < >, < >, < > < >. 81) 1995 82). < >. 1998,,. 1996 12 < >., 5, 7, >( ), (1994. 5). 80) 1960. 1960.,, 1990. (1995). 81). 1994 9... 1994 5. 82) (1996). - LIX -
.. 83) < > < >.,,,,.. 84) 1994 < > 1996 < >. 1990, 1990. < >, < >..,. 1994 < >,. 1992 5 83) 5. 70 <. >.. 1997 3 < >. 84) < > < >( : ).. 1997 5. - LX -
. 1994 3. 1993 < >. 1995 < > 1996 1997. 1990. ( ),.. 3)...,....... 85).,,. 85) (1998. 7) - LXI -
.,. 1990. 1990.. < >. 1990. 1998 3 < >. < >...., < > 1. 5,.,. - LXII -
4) 1990 1991 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1992 < >, 2 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >(< >, < >, < >) 1993 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1995 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1996 < >, < > - LXIII -
4. 1) 1990.. 1980. 1990. 1992 5 2.,,,,. 1990..,,,, ( ),. - LXIV -
,, 86) 1990.,,,,,, 1990,,.,,.,,,,,.,...,. 86) 1984 12 5,.. - LXV -
,, 90.,..,,,,,,.,., 1990. 2) 1990 1990.,,,... - -. -.,.,.,.. (1) 1990 - LXVI -
. 1973. 1992 12 5 100..,,.. < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 87), < > 88). < >, < > < >, < >.. < >, < > < >, < >, < >. 89), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 87). 1993 2 8.. 88) (1991). 1994. 89) (1997. 7. 5) - LXVII -
>. < >, < >, < >, 3 < >, < >, < >. 11. 1990 < > 11 1953 6.,,. (2) 1990.,,,.,,.... < > < >. 90) 90) (1994). - LXVIII -
(3),.,. 1990. 1990 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >,,. 1980..,... 2.. 9 1) 91) < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < > < >. < >, < >. - LXIX -
... 1990. 1985 6..,,.,,,,,,. 92) 1990. < 92) < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. < >.. - LXX -
>, < >, < >, < >, 93) < >. 94).... 95)...,. 3).,..,., 93). < >, < > < >. 94) < >, < > 2. 95), (, 1997. 12). - LXXI -
,,.,.....,.. 4) 1990 1990 < >, < >, <90 >, <90 >, <, >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <, >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < > - 72 -
1992 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1993 < >, < >, < >, < >, < 7.27>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1995 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < > < >( ), < >( 4 ), < >( ), < >( ) 1996 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < - 73 -
>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <( ) >, < >, < >, < >, < 800 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 7 >, < 7 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 5. 1),.,.. 1990,.,.,.. 96) 96) 20, p.. 473 :. - 74 -
...,,,,...,.... 97),,.,...,..,, 97)..,,,. - 75 -
..,,...,,,..,. 2) 1990,. 1990.,,. 98)... 98), ( ), p. 12. - 76 -
. 99) 1990. < > < >. 1990. 1990. < 45 > < >, < >, < >, < > 2 1. 1 2 40 50. < >, 1 40. < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1. 80,,,. 45 5 7.,,,,, 6,.. < > < >. 99),, pp. 22-23. - 77 -
(6.25-7.27) (7. 18-8. 29),,,, 80.,,,. 100) 1991.,,.. 1992 1990. <2.16 >, < 80 >, < 10 >, < >, < 60 >, < >, < > 2 5,. 1992 <2.16 > < 80 >. <2.16 >,, 70, < 80 >.,. 10 1) 1993. <2.16 >, <4.15 >, < 8 >, < 40 >, < >, < > 1 4. 1993 40. 2 20 100) (1991). 101) (1993). - 78 -
1 7. 102) 1994 < 27 > < >, < >, < > 3 8 60., < >, < > 1 30. 1994., 80..,. 103) 1995 < 50 >, < >, < > 10. < 50 >,,,, 4.. 104) 1996,,, < >, < > < 2 >. 1996 < 1994 >. 2 82, 2.2 1. 7 102) (1994). 103) (1995). 104) (1996). - 79 -
. 105),.,.., 90 < >. 45 6. 34m, 2.6m,., 94. 80.,,., 96 < 1994 >. 2 82m, 2.2m 1. 3)....,, 105) (1997). - 80 -
,......... ( ),,., ( ). 4) 1990 1990 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <, >, < - 81 -
>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <.>, <3 >, < >, < > < >, < >, <2 >, < > < >( ), < >( ), <2 >( ), < >( ), < >( ) 1992 < 2 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 2 >, < >, < >, < 2 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > - 82 -
< >, < 34 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, <!>, <,!>, <!>, <!>, <!>, <!( )!>, <!>, < >, <!>, <!>, <!>, <! > (... ) < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < > ( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) 1994 < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <!> < >, < >, < >, < - 83 -
>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 102 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, <1950 7 2 >, < >, < >. < >, < >, <!>, <!> < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < > ( ) 1995 <10 >, < >, < >, < >, <10 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < - 84 -
>, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 2 >, < >, < >, < >, < > <18 >, < >, < >, < >, <18 >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > < >, <!>, < >, < >, < >, < >, <,,!>, < >, < 50!>, < 50!>, <!>, <!>, <,,!>, < >, <!>, <!>, <!> < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) - 85 -
1996 <3 >, < (. ) >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < 1994 >( 1 < >, 2 < >, 3 < >, 4 < >, 5 <5 >, 6 < >, 7 < > 3 < >, < >, <800 >.), < (. ) >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. < >, <1994 7 >, < >, < >. <!>, < >, <!>, <!>, < 3!>, <!>, <!>, <!>. < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), <2 >( ), < >( ), < >( ) - 86 -
6. 1) 1994 7. 50, 106)., 1970, 1980. 1990, 1980. 1980. 1 1990 107)... 108) 1986. 1986 109). 106), < >,, (, 1998). 107), (1997), p. 1.. 108), < >, (1998), pp. 188-218. 109), < ( - 87 -
. ( ).... 1994,,,, 110). 1973... 111) 1980,. 1990,. 1990., 112). )> (1986),, p. 213. 110), ( :, 1994), p. 1. 111), ( ), p. 108. 112)., ( :, 1994). - 88 -
., 90,. 2) 1990 1990... 113) 1990. ( ). 114). 1970..,,,. 115) 113),. 114), 5 < > (, 1995), p. 23. - 89 -
,.,. 1990.,,. (4 ) (2 ) (1 ), (5 ) (3 ) (3 ) (4 ) (2 ) (4 ) (3 ) (4 ), 35..., 116)..., 115), (, 1958). 116)..,,,. - 90 -
..,. 1950 90.. 90,... 1952 6,.,,,,. 117),. 80. 1972 6, 1989. 117),, 207. - 91 -
.,. 3 2, 1984 1. 1990. 118) 90., 1990 < >, 1992 < >, 1993 < >.. 1991 < >. 119) 1990 ( ),...,. 3) 118),, ( : 1994). 119) (1991. 6). - 92 -
120).. ( )... 50......,.,.,.,... 120), -, ( - ), ( :, 1985). - 93 -
4) 1990 1990 < >( ), < >, < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) 1991 < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) 1993 < >, < >, < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), <2 >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >, < >, < > 1995 < >( ), < 2 >, < >, < >, < >, < >( ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >( ), < >( ) 1996 <3 >, < >( ), < >( ) - 94 -
. 1. 1) (1) 80 3. 8 1985 9, 1990 9 1992 5 (, ) (, )... 1 (1985 9 21-22 ) ( ) - 1 ( ) : < >( ), < >, < >( ), < >, < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >, < > ( ), < >( ). - 2 ( 2 ) : < >( ), < >, < >( ), < >, < >, < >, < >( ), < >, < >, < - 95 -
>( ), <2 >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) ( ) - : < >, < >, < >, < >( 4 ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >( 2 ), < >, < >, < >, < >( 4 ), < >, < >( ), < >( ), < >, < >, < >, < >, <3 >, < >, < >( ) (1990 10 18-20 ) 2 8 - :, < >( ),,, - ( ) - : < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), 90 (1990 12 9-10 ) - : - : < >, < >, < >, < >, < >( ), < >( 2 ), < >( 3 ), < >, < >, < >( ), < >< 5 ), < >( 5 ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >( ) - 96 -
(2) 90 1985 1990, 3. 3,.,,,,. 1989(Korean Film Festival) : (Center for Korean Research) : 3 - : < 1, 2>, < >, < > - : < >, < >, < > 1 (, 1990. 10. 10-13) : ( ), - : < >, < > - : < >, < >, < > (, 1991. 3. 31) : : ( ) ( ) (, 199. 5. 2-5) : NHK : 50-97 -
(, 1991. 5. 27-29) : : 28 49, 10 27. (, 1991. 8. 17-18) : : 1 (, 1992. 8. 16) : MBC : 40 (, 1992. 8. 23-9. 3) : :, (, 1992. 9. 26) : Soha Artist World Co. : ( ), ( ), (, 1993. 4. 26) : : ( ), ( ), (, 1993. 10. 12-23) : : 30, 30, 30-98 -
,.. 94 7 94., 10%. (3) 1998 5 < >. 1998 9 2 TV < >.,,,..., -,,,,,, - 99 -
,. 4 25 5 ( ),... 12 1) 98 5., 68.,. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. 122),... 4 121) 11 13. 122), 98 7. 5 4.,,,.. - 100 -
. 6 15. 123). 8 15,. 7 5 15. 124) 8 15., 15,,,,,, 68, 2.,,,. 125),.,,,,,. 123), 1998 3 16. 124), 1998 5 15. 125) 98 8 15. - 10 1 -
7. ( ) ( ). 126) 21, < >,, < >,, < >. < > KBS, SBS < >, < >. < >.,. 127). 1,. < >,.,.,., 126), 98 8 15. 127),,, 1998 9 9. - 102 -
. 128) 11 3 5. 95 ( ), 28. 90,., 2 < >, < > < >, < >, < >., < >,, < >, < >. < > <,, >. 129) 5 < >. 2,. 2)., 128), 1998 5 18. 129), 98 11 13. - 103 -
.... 1990 5 130)., 5. 131) 1 2 3, 130) 5..,.,.,.,.,. 131) ( ) (, 1997), p.601-104 -
..,..,,,,,.,... 3),.. 1) 2) 3) 4)...., - 105 -
...,.....,,...,.,,,,,,,.. - 106 -
..,...,. 2....,.,.,.. - 107 -
1),,.,. 5 5...... < >(1988), < >(1993), < >(1995) < >(1990).,.,. SBS < >. 5 5-108 -
. 5 < >(1978), < >(1984), < >(1987), < >(1988), <3 1 >(1989) 5 < >(1971), < >(1971), < >(1972), < >(1972), < >(1973),. 5 5, 3.,. ( ).,...,.,.,..,,.. - 109 -
..,...,. < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), < >(* ), < > < >( ), < >( ), < >( ), MBC < >, < > < >, < >, < > < >, < >,. - 110 -
..,,.,. 2)...,.. 1990 ( 1 ).. < >, < >. < > < >. - 111 -
10.,, 38 < > < >, < >, < >. < >, < 4 >,. < > 50. 50 20... 38 25. l 24,,,.,. 25,..,.. 25,. - 112 -
,.. < >.... 2 < >. 2... < >,,. < >.,. < > 80.. < > 67 1,., < >. < >. < >. - 113 -
,.,. < > 92 2, 9l 2 49. < > 9l,.,,,,. 93. < >.,,,.. 90... 132).. 132) (1994). - 114 -
< > ( 1960), < > (, 1961), < > (, 1964), < > (, 1965), < > (, 1968), < > (, 1967), < > (, 1986), < > (, 1986), < > (, 1987), < > (, 1990), < > (, 1992), < > (, 1993), < > (, 1993).. < > (, 1960), < > (, 1961), < > (, 1961), < > (, 1961), < > (, 1963), < > (, 1980), < > (, 1981), < > (, 1982), < > (, 1984), < > (, 1984), < > (, 1985), < > (, 1988), < > (, 1990), < > (, 1992), < > (, 1992), < > (, 1993), < > (, 1994). < > (. 1956), < > (, 1983),,,,,. - 115 -
< > (, 1980), < > (, 1981), < > (, 1987), <?> (, 1989), < > (, 1990), < > (, 1993). < > (, 1975), < > (, 1975), < > (, 1984). < > (, 1946), < > (, 1978), < > (, 1990),< > (, 91 ), < > (, 1991), < > (, 1992).,.,.. 3),,,., - 116 -
..,,.,, ( )... 85 : < >, < >, < >, < >, <3 >, < >, < > ( ) 89 : < >, < >( ) 90 : <3 >, < >, < >, < >( ), < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > ( ) 91 : < >, < >( ) 92 : < >, < >, < >, < >, < >( ) 93 : < >, < >, < >, < >( ) 94 :... - 117 -
, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >.,., < > < >. 4 < > < >. < > < >, < >., 90 < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >.,.,.,... - 118 -
,.,.,....., < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < > 1. < >, < >. < >, < >, < > 1. 1989 < ( )>( )... - 119 -
4), 1985 1 1990 8 15,,,.,,,.. 1984. 1991 3 1992 10, 1993 3 4. 500, 15 1 7, 2 2, 60,,,,,,. 1992 11 28 12 4 < >.,.., 200. - 120 -
.,,,.,... 80-90,,, 80-90,,,,,,.., 1985 1990,...,. 1992 < > 13,,, < >, < >, 1994 < >.. - 12 1 -
< > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. < >. < > < >. 80-90 250. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >..,... 1992 < >., 4. < >, < >, < >,. 1992 < >, < >, < >, < > 15,. - 122 -
., 90. < >, < >, < >, 3 < > ( ) < 2 >(< > ).,,... < > < > < > < >., 133),..,., 133) 11 3-5. - 123 -
..,,.,...,,,.,. 5)...,. - 124 -
.. < > < >..,.,,.., < >, < >.,,,,..,,. < >,,,.,.,.,. - 125 -
< >.... < >,.,,,,,..,,,. < >.,,,,,....,,.. - 126 -
,,.,,.,.,.......,. < >. 1914.. < >..,.,., - 127 -
. < >..,.,,,.,,. 80,...,,.,. - 128 -
6) 1985 1,. 80. 80-90... :,,, :,,, (, 2, 3 ),.,...., - 129 -
... < >, < >,.,....,.. 134)... 134)., 1993, 1, 192 193. - 130 -
(ethnocentrism).,.. 35. 135).,.,.,..,,..... 135). - 13 1 -
........,.. 1. 2.,...,. - 132 -
. 3.. 1) (1).. < 90 >. 1 2 1 2,.,..,.. - 133 -
1),,,, LA,,.,, <BESETO >. 2) 8 8.. 3).,. 11 3 5 1 11,. 2,. 4),,,.. - 134 -
5)... (2) 85. 85,.,.,,.,, KBS,. < >, < >......,,. - 135 -
1).,,,.,,. < >. ( ) < > ( ), < > ( ), ( ) < >, ( / ) < >, < >. 2) < 91 > 1990 4 13.,. 2) (1) ( ).., - 136 -
..,.,.,..,..,,.. < > NBA. 1) - 137 -
1.,... 2)..,. ( ). (2).,.. (nationalism) (ethnic group) (ethnicity).,.,. - 138 -
< >, < >. < > < >. 136), < > < >.....,....,. 1). 8 15 136) < >, 1972 9 6. - 139 -
. 8 15 XX,. ( ),,,..,.,,. 2),.,,,. (3) 3. 137) 6 25 3,. 1. 2,,. - -, 137). 1998 6 25. - 140 -
- - - -, - - - -, - - - -,, 9.. 1.,.. 138),,,,. 3) (1).,. (Track Force).,. 138). 4 17. - 14 1 -
,..,,,..,,,.,,. 1),.. 2),.,,. ( ),,,, - 142 -
. (2) ( ),,,.., (co-venture). 139) (co-production) (co-financing) (joint-acqusition) (twinning package).,.... 139) (1997), 207-208 - 143 -
. 1) 1988 7 1.,... 2),,.. ( ), ( ).,,. 3). 5,000.,,.. - 144 -
4) 4 < >(Sim Tjong) 1972 20. 1970 3 1971 3 ( : Harald Kunz). 1971 4, 1972 4 10. < > 1972 8 1, 20.. (3).......,. - 145 -
.,.. 140),.,,,. 1) 4, 5., < >, < > ) 2, 3,,. 2). 1 < >. 2 < >. 3 < > 140),, 150-146 -
. 3)... - 147 -
..,..,..,.,..... 7 4,.. 50 8 15,. 14 1) - 148 -
.,..,.,....,..,.... 141) 1998 8 15-149 -
1.,,, 1998.,,, 1991.,,, 1998.,,, 1998.,,, 1991.,,, 1, 1993.,,, 1996 6., -, ( - ), ( :, 1985). 2., < 9 >, 1966. 10. 16., < >, 1966. 4. 30., < >, 1961. 3. 7., < >, 1946. 8., < >,, 1992., < < > >, 1964. 1. 8., < >,, 1958., <, >, 1972., < >, - 150 -
, 1989., < >, :, 1992., < > 1, :., < >,, 1990., < >,, 1996. 6., < >,, 1994, 2., < >, 1991. 4., < >, :, 1994. (1990-1998) (1990-1997) (1990. 1-1998. 6). 3. ( ), 1997., 5 < >,, 1995.,,, 1997., ( ),, 1997.,, 1994.,, 1997., 1995. - 15 1 -
4.,,, 1998., 1998. 3. 16., 1998. 8. 15., 1998. 5. 15. 1998. 11. 13. 1998. 8. 15., 1998. 5. 18., 1998. 11. 13. 21, 1998. 9. 17. 225-152 -
A bstract The P ro s pe c ts o f the c ha ng e in the c u ltu ra l po lic y of No rth Ko re a in 1990 's a nd c u ltu ra l e xc ha ng e p ro g ra ms be tw e e n S o uth a nd No rth Ko re a. P urpo s e o f the S urv e y T he recent trend of reformation in relation to the North Korea indicates that the cultural exchange between South and North Korea will be frequent. In this ongoing détente, we need to prepare the providing policy positively to cope with the differences of cultural exchange between South and North Korea. T he purpose of this report is to investigate the contents of cultural program of North Korea and to make it the fundamental material in developing cultural exchange programs. Ge ne ral S urv e y o f Culture and Arts in No rth Ko re a in 1990 's On 5th of September in 1998, the North abolished the position of a pillar of the state and consolidated the position of the Minister of National Defense to empow er Jung- il Kim as the Supreme representative. Finally he became the chairman of the Supreme Council in fact as w ell as in name. T he North will emerge the new changement that the new ideology in the age of Jung- il Kim replace 'Ju- che ideologie ' under the doctrine of the administration of the state. In the field of culture and the arts, we look out over tensifying 'Ju- che ideologie ', the emphasis on the national culture, and the stimulation of the popular activity. - 153 -
Curre nt S tate o f Culture a nd Arts in No rth Ko re a. <T he a tre > In 1990' s, the advant of the folk opera, called 'Min- jok ga- kuk ' is remarkable. T his folk opera is based on folk songs of the north- western provinces, remodeled by Korean classical opera ' Chang- kuk ' and the musical drama of popular troupe in 1960' s. It was on the ebb for a time since 1970' s because of the appreance of the revolutionary opera 'Hyuk- myong ga- kuk '. T he folk opera reemerged in the end of 1980' s with the performance <T he Story of Chun- Hyang> (1988), dramatized the classical folk novel. In 1990' s, < T he Story of Sim- T jong> (1993), and <T he Story of Mr s. Park> (1995) were continously performed. From the fact that the present folk opera originated from the classical folk novel are relatively less political, it could be anticipated that the North will propose the folk opera. <Film> In the age of Jung- il Kim, the North film would will remain unchanged, but the material and the subject will change variously on influenced by the per sonal tastes and the political backing of Jung- il Kim. While the former films w ere neglected by the youth because of the excessive emphsis on the ideology, but the present films turn to concentrate on the popularity. Genre of Film has the more potential possibility to be a successful exchange than any other genre of Cuture and Art s. 'T he North Korea film festival' w as formally proceded at Univer sity F te and already introduced to the public through television in the South. In exchange, Film has many possibilites, for co- production between South and North Korea. <Da nce > T he North Dance in 1990' s doesn 't have any difference with the former - 154 -
age in the aspects of the movements and technics of dance. T he main theme of dance still ex sist in the range of 'ju- che Dance'. T he recent trend reduces the frequence of large seale performance, and comparatively stir s up the creation of a small pieces of dance and a suit of dance. We have to consider where this changement from the economic situation, the stagnation of the creation or the changement of creative principle. Above all, the list of works in international exchange will be distinguished the form of national charecteristics like a folk dance. <Mus ic > North music in 1990' s grope for the new change. Songs represent people' s simple feelings, be concerned with exhumation of the traditional music and conserved originality. T hey have been the new cognition about Court Music and Classicl Music. T oday, the 'Music Room ' with audio & video system, called 'No- rae- bang ', appeared, and the light music with electronic sound and popular melody is in fashion. It is the characteristics of North Music in 1990' s that the large number of songs for 'the unity ' has appeared, and the role of 'T he Institute of I- sang Yoon ' has enlarged. T he music exchange between South and North Korea has the possibilities to organize the form like the 'Festival of National Music ' at the ceasefire line. <Art> T he North Art are rooted from the paintings of Chosun Dynasty. T hey appreciate that the Chosun- paintings reflected the thought s and feelings of Korean people. And they account the Orient - painting for the beauty and powerful characteristics. Now the Art of North Korea pur sue the modernization of form which corresponds to people ' s feeling of life and the sense of beauty under the system of Socialism. T he North may propose some programs to share the same concern between South and North like the - 155 -
exhibition of a master painter as ' Soo- kun Park ' and 'Eung- ro Lee '. <Fo lk Art> In the late 1950' s, the North started to arrange the North Folk Art and has modernized the traditional Folk Play to build the spirit of Nationalism. T he best of the modernized Folk art is ' Kyo- Yae(Circus)'. Kyo- Yae is the one phere of Folk Art in order to bring up the cultural and phy sical education of North people. T he North will also propose the program of traditional characeristics, what is called, 'Folk Play ' and ' Kyo- Yae' concerntrating on the aspects of National- traditionalism. Co m m o n Co ns e nt o f Cultura l Ex c ha ng e It is the fir st that we come to a common concent to accomplish sucessfully an ex change of Culture and Arts betw een South and North. In the beginning of the exchange, w e will propose a joint - performance or an interchange- performance to the degree of formal division. In the second, w e have a possibility of theme by the principle of economics, national character and the exchange linked with tourism. In the final degree, w e also try to the cooperation of human and material resources and develop ex change programs for childerens inter Korea. Co nc lus io n T he Exchange of South and North Korea is recently frequent. T he construction of light - waterway, Kum- Kang T ourist ship and the field investigation of cultural inheritance by many writer s, all are already realized. Now and then the North film is televised, the commercial film will be go on location soon. T he new détente of South- North Exchange keep step with the - 156 -
new policy of government to the North subsequntely. Hence we may try to open to the North more decisively, reex aminate the regulation in the law and policy, and then promote concrete plan for cultural exchange. - 157 -
. 164 1. < > (1978) 164 2. < > 170 3. < > (1987) 177 4. < > (1988) 184 5. <3 1 > (1989) 185 6. < > (1971) 193 7. < > (1972) 196 8. < > (1972) 198 9. < > (1971) 201 10. < > (1973) 204 11. < > (1989) 207 12. < > (1993) 209 13. < > (1995) 210. 2 11 1. < > ( ) 211 2. < > ( ) 215 3. < > ( ) 219 4. < (, )> ( ) 223 5. < > ( ) 224 6. < > ( ) 225 7. < > ( ) 226 8. < > ( ) 233 9. < > (, ) 235-160 -
. 238 1. < > ( ) 238 2. < > ( ) 240 3. < > ( ) 242 4. < > ( ) 243 5. < > ( ) 244 6. < > ( ) 245 7. < > ( ) 249 8. < > ( ) 251 9. < > 252 10. < > ( ) 253 11. < > ( ) 254 12. < > ( ) 257 13. < > ( ) 260 14. < > ( ) 261 15. < > ( ) 267. 269 1. < > ( ) 269 2. < > ( ) 269 3. < > ( ) 271 4. < > ( ) 271 5. < > ( ) 272 6. < > ( ) 273. 277 1. < > 277 2. < > 278 3. < > ( 7 ) 279 4. 1992 < 10 > 280 5. < 1994 > ( 7 ) 284-161 -
. 286 1. 286 2. 286 3. 286 4. 287 5. 3 287 6. 2 287 7. 288-162 -
. 1. < >(1978) 1928, 1978. < >,.. < >..,. < >. < >. * :, < - ->, 1991 6 < >. < >.. - 164 -
. < >....... < > ( > < >. 9 < > 12-13, < > < > 16 < > < >, (1559 1628) < > < >.. < >.. < >.,. < > - 165 -
. < >.. < > < >. < > (1930 ) < > (1934 ). < >.,,,,,..,.,.. < >,. - 166 -
< >.,.,. < >...,...,,,... < >..,.. < > - 167 -
... < >... < >.,.. < >.,,. 7, 5.,, - 168 -
. < >.,. < >. * < >,, 1986 6., < - >,, 1984 7. < >,, 1987 2., <5 >,, 1992 12. 2. < > < > 1984 4 15 72.. 9.,,. < >. * :, < - ->, 1985 1 < - 169 -
>. < >.. < >. < >.. < >. < >...... < >,..... < >... - 170 -
. 2.. < >,... < >.. < >. < >..,.. (< >, 20 ),..,.. - 171 -
.,. < >....,. < >..,,. < >.,.,.,. < >..... - 172 -
< >.,...., < >.. < >, < >. < >, < >.... < >,.,. < >. < >, - 173 -
..,..,,. < >... (< >, 18 ),... < >. < >... < >.,,...,. - 174 -
. < >....,....,..... < >.,. < >. - 175 -
,. < >..,. < >,...,,.. * < > ( ),, 1984 6., < >,, 1984 8., < - >,, 1984 6., < - >,, 1984 6., < - >,, 1984 9., <5 >,, 1992 12. - 176 -
3. < >(1987) 1930, < > 1987. < > ( ). 1920... * :, < - ->, 1987 8 < > < >. < > < >........ < > (< > - 177 -
1, 387 ). < >....,......,.......... - 178 -
........................ < > - 179 -
......,........ < >..... < >.... - 180 -
. < >.,.. 1.................... - 181 -
.. 5.... 2. 3. 5.....,,. 1920.,,,,,,. 1920..,, - 182 -
,,,,,. * < > ( ),, 1987 8-9., < - - > ( ),, 1987 8., < - - > ( ),, 1987 8., < - - > ( ),, 1987 9., <5 >,, 1992 12. 4. < >(1988) < >. < >... < >. * :, <5 > 1992 12 (< > ) < >. < > < >, < > - 183 -
.. < >,,. < >.. < >. < >. < >... < >.. < >. 1 5-184 -
. 5. <3 1 >(1989) 1987 < >. <3 1 >.. <3 1 >.. * : < 3 1 >, 1987 11 : : : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : : : : <3 1 > < >. : <3 1 >. - 185 -
. <3 1 >. <3 1 >. :.. : <3 1 > < >. :. : <3 1 >. : <3 1 >.. < >,,. :. <3 1 >. < > < >. < >. :. - 186 -
. < > < > < > < >. < > < >.. : < > < >... :. : <3 1 >... < >. <3 1 >. :,,. - 187 -
. :?,... :. :. <3 1 >. :.. :? :... < >. : <3 1 > < >. - 188 -
:. :. :.. :.. :.. :.. :.. :... :.. < >,,,. :. - 189 -
<3 1 >.. :,. <?>. :. :?.. :... : :....,,, - 190 -
. :..,,.,,,,,. <3 1 > < >. :. : <3 1 >. < >. :. * < - 3 1 - >,, 1987 11. < - 3 1 - >,, 1987 11. < - 3 1 - > ( ),, 1987 11., <, >, 1987 11., < - 3 1-191 -
- > ( ), 1987 11., <5 >,, 1992 12. 6. < >(1971) < > 1971, 7 4. < >,,. < >, < >. < >,. < > 1969, 1971 1973. < >. 1971 20 1 3 2 50. * :, < - 1,000 >,, 1986 2 1986 1 5 < > 1,000. < > 1,000!. < > 1,000.. < > - 192 -
. < >. < > 15. < > < >. < >. < >,,. < >. < >. < >. < >.,, < >. < >,. < > - 193 -
. < >. < >,,. < >. < > < >. 1970. < >. < >. 20, < >,. 1,000!. < >,,,,. < > 1,000,. < > 1,000. - 194 -
* < - - >,, 1986 2. <5 > ( ),, 1986 7.,< > ( ),, 1986 7. 7. < >(1972) 1972. 1972 1 1 32, 2 20. < >, 7,,. < >,,,.,. * 1972. < >., 7,. < > < >.. - 195 -
... 1 2 3 < > 4 5. 6 1 7 1 700,.. 3 5 2 6 1.. < > < >. < >.... < >, < >, < > < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >..,, 3... < >. < >. < > < > - 196 -
.. 5 2..,... 6, 700,. < > < >,. *, < - 10 - >,, 1982 12., < - - >,, 1987 5., < >, 1990 10. 8. < >(1972) < > 1971 1972 ( )... - 197 -
* 1972., 5,. < >,,....,. < >.....,.... < >.. - 198 -
. 1 2. 2. 3.. 2..,, < >. < > < >.,,. < > < >,..... 2. < > < >..,.. < > < >. - 199 -
*, < - 5 2 - >, 1985 12, < >,, 1986 11. 9. < >(1971) 1971 < > 6. < >. < > < > 6 25. * 1971., 6. < >..,.... 2... - 200 -
..... < >.,..,..,. < >. 1 < > < >. 2 < > < >. 3 < > < >. 5 4 < >.. - 201 -
(,, ). < >,,... < >.,,,. < >. < >. 6 1.,,. *, < 1> ( > 1986. 08-202 -
10. < >(1973) 1973 4 61 < >, 7,. 20. < >,,. 142). * 1973., 7,. < > < >. 20. < >. 1.. 2,. 3. 1. 2. 4. 5 142) ( ) (, 1988), p. 275. - 203 -
. 1 < >, < >. 2 < >. 5 2.. 6. 7 20.. < > < >........,, - 204 -
. < >..,. < > (1 ). < >. 2. 2 < > < >.. < > (< >, < > ),...,,,. < >. < >. - 205 -
*, < - - >,, 1987 1. 11. < >(1989) 1990 < > < >... * 1988. < >,. < >,.. < >. < >.. - 206 -
. < >.,.,.. < >.,,,. < >. 12. < >(1993) < >. < >. < >,, - 207 -
., < >. < > 300,. 1993 < >. 1994 < >. * 1994 1993,,,,. 40 < >, < >, < >, < > < >, < >. 13. < >(1995) 1994 50 < >.. < > < > < >. 1996,,. - 208 -
* 1995. 50 50 < > ( ) < > < >. - 209 -
. 1. < >( ) 1987, 2 8.. 1987 1,,. < > 1990 10 10-13 ( ) 1 ( ) < >.. :,,,, :,,,,, * :, < - ->, 1987 12.,,,...... 1 < > - 210 -
< >.,.,.,..,... ( 9 ).................... - 211 -
.....,.. 5...,.......,. 1950...... - 212 -
. 20.,.,.... 50, 100 5, 10...,........ - 213 -
.,..... < >,,. 2. < >( ) 1993 < > < >... :,,,,. :,,,,,. * : < - ->, 1994 5 < >,. < >. - 214 -
..,.,....,.,,,. < >. < >,.,..,,..,,,.,. - 215 -
.. < >.,,,,,.... < >..... < >,.......,. - 216 -
..,...,....,.,.,....,,.,..,,., < > - 217 -
. 3. < >( ) 16. 1991 1 < >. 1994 2 < >.,. 1995 3 < >. < > ( 2 ). :,,,,. :,,,,,,. * :, < - 2 ->,, 1994 7..... < > 2 < >. < > 1 < > 2 < >,. < > - 218 -
....... ( ). 1552 4.. 1,000 5, ( 30 ), ( ) 7 ( ) ( ), ( 40 ).,, 4. 4..,,,...,.,. - 219 -
,.,..,.... < >...,.,.. < > - 220 -
....,............... < > - 221 -
...,.... < > 2 < >,. *, < >,, 1991 9. 4. < (, )>( ) < > 4 25 ( 2.8 ) 1989. 1968. 1990 9 1 13 2 < >,.. :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,. * 1990 20-222 -
... 20..,, 1980. 5. < >( ) < > 1995 143) (SF )... < > < > ( ),. 144) * 143) 1978 1986 3 8 2 1983 10 20 1986 2 5. 1983 11 7 7 13. < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. 144).. ( ) < >." :, << > (, 1995), pp. 154-155. - 223 -
(14 ),.,.,,.... 6. < >( ) < > ( 34 ). 145) 1997 4 6 40 7. < > ( ) 1 6., 7.,. * 10. 145) < > 1992 2 50 1,2 ( 50 ) 1998 7 21 44.. < > 1 4 ( ), 5 14 16 ( ), 6 9 ( ), 10 ( ), 11 13 ( ), 17 18 ( ), 19 ( ), 20 24 ( ), 25 33 ( ), 34-42 ( ), 43-44 ( 10-11 ). 1998 43-44 (10-11 ) 25-33 (1-9 ). 11. - 224 -
... 7. < >( ) < ( 1 )> 2 8. 2 1. 2 1991 1 2 16. < > 1. 2. :,,,,. :,,,,,. 1995 < > 3,4, - 1. *, < - 3,4 ->, 1996 8 < > 3,4 1,2. - 225 -
... < > (3, 4 ).... 1, 2,. 3, 4.. 1, 2....,. 1, 2. - 226 -
.. 1,2 < >. 3,4. - 1-1.,. - 1,... 1,2.. 3,4 70, ( - 227 -
). - 1., - 1. < >,.. - 1. 54-1... < >....... - 228 -
1,2, - 1, 54.. < > (3,4 ). - 1-1. 1,2.,.. < >... 3., 54, - 1, - 1,. < > < >.. 4. - 229 -
.. - 1 54 < >.... - 1.. 3,4,..... - 230 -
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98-3-1 90 1998 12 700 ( ) : 597-9327 FAX : 583-8393 1998-286 -