:,,,, * ** ***. 1.., (Bu rb a nk, P a u du la & Nigg, 20 00 ). (Bou ch a r d, Sh epar d & St eph en, 19 93 ; P ow ell, Th om p son, Ca sper sen & Ken drick, 1987 ) (P ow ell, Th om p son, Ca sper sen & Ken drick., 1987 ). Car m ody, Sen n er, Ma nilow & Ma t a r a zzo (198 0 ), Robin son Roger s (19 94 ) 3 6..,..,, (P en der, 1997 ). (Tr a n s- t h eor et ical m od el ) (Pr och a sk a, DiClem ent e & N or cr oss, 1992 ),. (Ch oi, 19 9 1),, * ** *** 2 0 0 1 1 1 9 2 0 0 2 4 2 2 2 0 0 2 8 1-6 0 9 -
2 0 0 2 10,.. 2.. 1). 2 ). 3 ). 3.,,,,,, (Ma r cu s & Sim k in, 199 3 ).,,. (Pr och a sk a, DiClem ent e & N or cr oss, 1992 ; P en der, 19 97 ).,,,,,,,, (Mar cu s, Sim k in, Rossi & Pint o, 1996 ; Ma r cu s & Ow en, 199 2 ; Ma r cu s, Selby, Nia u r a & Rossi, 19 92b ). Bu r k h older Nigg (20 02 ),,, Kim (20 00 ). Bu rk h older Nigg (2 002 ). P olla rk, Ca rbon a ri, DiClem ent e, Niem a n n Mu llen (199 8 ). Kim et a l. (20 00 ) Lee, Ch a n g P a rk (20 0 1),. (, ) <F igu r e 1>. 3 ( 2 :, ) 1 1 ( 10 :,,,,,,,,, - 6 10 -
3 2 5 <Fig u re 1> Co n ce pt u a l f ra m ew o rk ),. 1) (,,,,,,,,, ) (1) (,,,,,,,,, ). (2 ) (,,,,,,,,, ). (3 ) (,,,,,,,,, ). 2 ) (1) (,,,,,,,,, ).. 1.. 2. 200 0 6 1 7 20., 6 6 5 24 6. 17-6 1 1 -
2 0 0 2 10. 3. 1) (St a ge of ch a n ge for exer cise ), 5. (pr econt em pla t ion ) 6, (cont em pla t ion ) 6 (pr epar at ion ), (a ct ion ) 6. (m aint en a n ce) 6. 3 0 1 3, Ma r cu s et a l. (1992b ) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.. (1) (Self effica cy ). 1-5 5 Ma r cu s (199 2b ) Cr onb a ch ' s Alph a.89,. (2 ) (Decision a l ba la n ce ) (Pr os ) (Con s) Lee Ch a n g (20 0 1), 1-5 13 Cr onb a ch ' s Alph a.9 3, 1-5 8.73. (3 ) (Pr ocess of ch a n ge for exer cise ). 5., (dr am at ic r elief), (self r eevalu at ion ), (envir onm ent a l r eeva lu a t ion ), (socia l liber a t ion ). 5 (cou nt er con dit ion in g), (h elpin g r elat ion ), (r einfor ce m a n a gem a nt ), (self liber a t ion ), (st im u lu s con t r ol). Ma r cu s (19 92a ), 1-5 2 5 1-5 2 5 10 2 0. Cr onb a ch ' s Alph a 5.94,.94,.82,.59,.8 5, 5.9 1,.7 5,.66,.7 3,.4 7.. 4. pc- SAS pr ogr a m LISRE L 8.0. - 6 12 -
3 2 5 1) pc- SAS pr ogr am,. 2 ) LISRE L 8.0 pr ogr am,. 3 ) (X 2 = 568.8 53, P =.000 ) (Gen er a lly Weigh t ed Lea st Squ ar e (WLS ) ). 6 5 (26.4 %), 38 (15.4 %), 14 (5.7 %), 9 (3.7 %). 92 (37.4 %), 64 (26.0 % ), 58 (23.6 %), 24 (9.8 % ), 8 (3.3 % ). 167 (67.9 %), 6 9 (28 %), 10 (4.1% ) 139 (56.5 %), 10 0 (4 0.7 % ), 5 (2.0 %), 2 (0.8 % ).. 1. 72.32 ( = 7.5 1), 90 (36.5% ), 156 (63.5 %). 120 (4 8.8 %), 2. ( = 3.27 ), ( = 2.56 ). ( = 2.34 ), 10 ; <T a b le 1> Des c ript iv e s t at is t ics f o r s e lect e d v a ria b le s in t h is s t u d y P r os of decision m a k ing 3.27 9 0.6 90 1.000 5.000 Con s of decision m a king 2.56 0 0.5 78 1.000 4.000 Self effica cy for exer cise 2.34 1 0.8 94 1.000 5.000 H elping r elat ion sh ip 5.25 6 2.139 2.000 10.00 0 Self lib er at ion 5.96 7 1.8 99 2.000 10.00 0 E nvir onm ent al r eeva lu a t ion 7.05 7 1.6 70 2.000 10.00 0 Con sciou s r aising 5.85 8 2.2 70 2.000 10.00 0 Dr a m a t ic r elief 6.4 9 6 1.8 7 1 2.000 10.00 0 Cou n t er con dit ioning 6.79 3 1.6 96 2.000 10.00 0 Socia l lib er a t ion 6.59 3 1.4 67 2.000 10.00 0 Rein for cem ent m a n agem ent 6.77 2 1.6 13 2.000 10.00 0 St im u lu s con t r ol 5.57 3 1.84 1 2.000 10.00 0 Self r eev alu at ion 6.24 8 1.6 56 2.000 10.00 0 St age of ch a nge 2.24 0 1.5 37 1.000 5.000 <T a b le 2 > Dist rib ut io n s o f s u bjects a c ro s s s t a g e o f c h a n g e in ex e rc is e N = 24 6 st age of ch a nge It em s fr equ en cy per cent (1)Pr econt em plat ion I d o n ot exer cise r egu lar ly a n d I d o n ot int en d t o do exer cise in t h e n ext 6 m on t h s 126 5 1.2 (2 )Con t em pla t ion I d on 't exer cise r egu lar ly bu t I int en d t o in t h e n ext 6 m ont h s. 3 0 12.2 (3 )Pr epa r a t ion N ow I cu rr ent ly do exer cise bu t I d o n ot exer cise r egu la rly. 4 1 16.7 (4 )Act ion I d o exer cise r egu la rly a n d I h ave b een for less t h a n 6 m ont h s 3 1.2 (5 )Main t en a n ce I d o exer cise r egu la rly a n d I h ave b een for m or e t h a n 6 m ont h s 4 6 18.7-6 13 -
2 0 0 2 10 ( = 5.2 5), ( = 5.9 6 ), ( = 7.0 5 ), ( = 5.8 5), ( = 6.4 9 ), ( = 6.7 9 ), ( = 6.59), ( = 6.77 ), ( = 5.57), ( = 6.24 ) <Table 1>. 126 (5 1.2 % ), 30 (12.2 % ), 4 1 (16.7 %0, 3 (1.2 % ), 4 6 (18.7 % ) <Ta ble 2 >. 3. 1) 2 184.78 (df = 4 8, p =.0 00 ) GF I (Goodn ess of fit in dex ).9 5, N F I (N orm ed fit in dex ).99.9 0.9 5 AGF I (Adj u st ed good n ess of fit in dex ).9 0, NN F F (N on- n orm ed fit in dex).9 8.8 5.9 0 (Kim & Ka n g, 2 000 ). 2 p.0 5. 2 ) (pa r a m et er est im at e), (Bet a, Gam m a ) (SMC) (pa t h dia gr a m ) <Table 3, Figu r e 2 >. t 1.96 (p<.0 5). ( 1 2 =.50, p >.0 5 ) ( 1 3 = -.09, p >.0 5 ), ( 3 2 =.33, p<.0 5) ( 3 3 =.13, p >.0 5), <T a b le 3 > Direct, in d ire ct,to t a l eff e ct a n d st a n d a rd ize d s o lut io n in hy p o t h et ic a l m o d e l En dogen ou s Dir ect effect In dir ect effect Tot a l effect standardized P r edict ive Va ria ble Va riables (t - va lu e ) (t - va lu e ) (t - va lu e) solu t ion SMC H elping r ela t ion sh ip Pr os 3.20 (1 1.83 ) 3.2 0 (11.83 ) 0.9 1 0.6 1 Con s 0.5 0 ( 1.23 ) 0.50 ( 1.23 ) 0. 13 Self effica cy - 0.0 9 (- 0.36 ) - 0.09 (- 0.36 ) - 0.04 Self liber a t ion Pr os 1.0 3 ( 5.4 8 ) 1.03 ( 5.4 8 ) 0.34 0.7 0 Con s - 1.2 2 (- 4.04 ) - 1.22 (- 4.04 ) - 0.38 Self effica cy 0.3 3 ( 2. 16 ) 0.33 ( 2. 16 ) 0. 17 E nvir on - r eeva lu at ion Pr os 1.7 7 ( 9.23 ) 1.77 ( 9.23 ) 0.8 1 0.5 8 Con s 0.3 3 ( 1. 15 ) 0.33 ( 1. 15 ) 0. 14 Self effica cy 0.13 ( 0.80 ) 0. 13 ( 0.80 ) 0.09 Con sciou s r a ising Pr os 3.5 5 ( 9.39 ) 3.55 ( 9.39 ) 0.99 0.54 Con s 2.9 6 ( 4.78 ) 2.96 ( 4.78 ) 0.77 Self effica cy 1.0 0 ( 3. 11) 1.00 ( 3. 11) 0.4 2 Dr am a t ic r elief Pr os 1.6 1 ( 6.39 ) 1.6 1 ( 6.39 ) 0.56 0.2 9 Con s - 1.0 3 (- 2.29 ) - 1.03 (- 2.29 ) - 0.33 Self effica cy - 0.9 5 (- 4.26 ) - 0.95 (- 4.26 ) - 0.50 Cou nt er con dit ioning Pr os - 0.9 5 (- 3. 15 ) - 0.95 (- 3. 15 ) - 0.35 0.4 6 Con s - 3.1 1 (- 5.54 ) - 3. 11 (- 5.54 ) - 1.07 Self effica cy - 0.3 1 (- 1. 15 ) - 0.3 1 (- 1. 15 ) - 0. 17 Socia l lib er at ion Pr os - 0.74 (- 2.67 ) - 0.74 (- 2.67 ) - 0.35 0.2 0 Con s - 2.12 (- 4.76 ) - 2. 12 (- 4.76 ) - 0.95 Self effica cy - 0.5 2 (- 2.27 ) - 0.52 (- 2.27 ) - 0.37 Reinfor- m a n agem ent Pr os - 0.2 3 (- 1.0 1) - 0.23 (- 1.0 1) - 0. 11 0.7 1 Con s - 2.34 (- 6.44 ) - 2.34 (- 6.44 ) - 1.03 Self effica cy - 0.17 (- 0.98 ) - 0. 17 (- 0.98 ) - 0. 12-6 14 -
3 2 5 <T a b le 3 > Direct, in d ire ct,to t a l eff e ct a n d st a n d a rd ize d s o lut io n in hy p o t h et ic a l m o d e l En dogen ou s Dir ect effect In dir ect effect Tot a l effect standardized P r edict ive Va ria ble Va riables (t - va lu e ) (t - va lu e ) (t - va lu e) solu t ion SMC St im u lu s cont r ol Pr os 0.3 0 ( 1.62 ) 0.30 ( 1.62 ) 0. 11 0.7 2 Con s - 1.2 1 (- 3.93 ) - 1.2 1 (- 3.93 ) - 0.4 0 Self effica cy 0.7 3 ( 4.75 ) 0.73 ( 4.75 ) 0.39 Self r eeva lu a t ion Pr os 0.2 2 ( 1.07 ) 0.22 ( 1.07 ) 0.09 0.7 6 Con s - 1.4 0 (- 4.58 ) - 1.4 0 (- 4.58 ) - 0.56 Self effica cy 0.4 1 ( 2.9 1) 0.4 1 ( 2.9 1) 0.26 St a ge of ch a nge Pr os 0.3 0 ( 2.0 1) 0.30 ( 2.0 1) 0. 11 0.6 9 Con s - 1.0 5 (- 4.82 ) - 1.05 (- 4.82 ) - 0.37 Self effica cy 0.5 9 ( 4.98 ) 0.59 ( 4.98 ) 0.33 H elpin g r ela t ion sh ip - 0.04 (- 1.25 ) - 0.04 (- 1.25 ) - 0.06 Self lib er a t ion 0.0 5 ( 0.98 ) 0.05 ( 0.98 ) 0.06 En vir- r eeva lu a t ion 0.0 0 (- 0.06 ) 0.00 (- 0.06 ) 0.00 Con sciou s r a sing 0.0 3 ( 0.84 ) 0.03 ( 0.84 ) 0.04 Dr a m a t ic r elief 0.0 0 (- 0. 11) 0.00 (- 0. 11) 0.00 Cou nt er con dit ion ing - 0.0 1 (- 0.4 3 ) - 0.0 1 (- 0.4 3 ) - 0.02 Social liber a t ion - 0.1 1 (- 2.05 ) - 0. 11 (- 2.05 ) - 0.08 Rein fo- m a n a gem ent 0.10 ( 1. 10 ) 0. 10 ( 1. 10 ) 0.08 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.4 7 ( 7.6 1) 0.4 7 ( 7.6 1) 0.4 9 Self r eevalu a t ion 0.3 8 ( 4.83 ) 0.38 ( 4.83 ) 0.34 <F ig u re 2 > Pat h d ia g ra m o f hy p o t h et ica l m o d e l - 6 15 -
2 0 0 2 10 ( 6 3 = -.3 1, p >.0 5), ( 8 1 = -.23, p >.0 5), ( 8 3 = -.17, p >.0 5 ), ( 9 1 =.3 0, p >.0 5), ( 1 0 1 =.3 0, p >.0 5 ). ( 1 1 1 = -.04, p >.0 5), ( 1 1 2 =.0 5, p >.0 5 ), ( 1 1 3 =.00, p >.0 5),, ( 1 1 4 =.0 3, p >.0 5 ), ( 1 1 6 = -.0 1, p >.0 5 ), ( 1 1 8 =.10, p >.0 5 ). 4...,,,,, ),,,,,.,,,,,,,,,. 2 96.7 5 (df = 4 9, p =.00 00 5 ) 2 184.7 8 (df = 4 8, p =.00 0 ), GF I =.9 8, N F I =.99, AGF I =.9 5, N N F I =.9 9. (Bet a, Ga m m a ) t, <Ta ble 4, F igu r e 3 >. t 1.9 6 (p =.0 5). ( = 2.03, t = 9.15 ), ( = 0.24, t = 3.50 ), ( = 0.36, t = 3.4 2 ), ( = - 0.16, t = - 3.02 ), ( = 0.09, t = 2.4 3 ), ( = 0.1, t = 2.8 8 ), ( = 0.0 3, t = 1.98 ), ( = 0.03, t = 3.00 ), ( = 0.09, t = 3.2 9 ) 4 9 %. ( =.90, t = 5.4 5 ), ( =.33, t = 3.4 9 ), ( =.3 5, t = 6.0 1), ( =.3 8, t = 5.93 ). ( =.6 0, t = 6.56 ), ( = -.6 6, t = - 5.62 ), ( =.0 5, t = 2.3 5), ( =.1, t = 2.74 ), ( =.13, t = 4.9 0 ) 6 9 %. ( = 1.19, t = 7.6 0 ), ( =.26, t = 3.32 ), ( =.06, t = 2.19 ), ( = -.4 6, t = - 3.16 ), ( =.0 6, t = 2.7 1) 4 0 %. ( = 2.52, t = 9.66 ), ( = 1.70, t = 5.3 0 ), ( =.62, t = 3.69 ), ( =.44, t = 5.64 ), ( =.55, t = 5.2 1), ( = -.20, t = - 2.52 ), ( =.11, t = 2.58 ), ( =.03, t = 2.26 ) 52 %. ( = 1.07, t = 4.4 2 ), ( = -.4 5, t = - 6 16 -
3 2 5-3.83 ), ( =.22, t = 4.27 ) ( =.0 5, t = 2.82 ), ( =.0 2, t = 2.5 1), ( =.0 1, t = 2.53 ), ( =.02, t = 2.76 ) 23 %. <T a b le 4 > Direct, in d ire ct, to t a l eff e ct a n d st a n d a rd ize d s o lut io n in m o d if ie d m o d e l E n d ogen ou s Va riable P r edict ive Va ria ble Dir ect effect In dir ect effect Tot al effect standardized (t - va lu e ) (t -v alu e) (t - va lu e ) solu t ion SMC H elping r elat ion sh ip Pr os 2.0 3 ( 9. 15 ) 0.3 6 ( 3.4 2 ) 2.39 ( 15.07 ) 0.63 0.4 9 Con s - 0.16 (- 3.02 ) - 0.16 (- 3.02 ) - 0.04 Self Effica cy 0.0 9 ( 2.4 3 ) 0.0 9 ( 2.4 3 ) 0.04 Self lib er a t ion 0.24 ( 3.50 ) 0.24 ( 3.50 ) 0.2 1 En vir o- r eevalu a t ion 0.10 ( 2.88 ) 0.10 ( 2.88 ) 0.07 Rein for - m a n agem ent 0.0 3 ( 1.98 ) 0.0 3 ( 1.98 ) 0.02 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.0 3 ( 3.00 ) 0.0 3 ( 3.00 ) 0.03 Self r eevalu a t ion 0.0 9 ( 3.29 ) 0.0 9 ( 3.29 ) 0.06 Self lib er at ion Pr os 0.9 0 ( 5.4 5 ) 0.6 0 ( 6.56 ) 1.50 ( 10. 18 ) 0.4 6 0.69 Con s - 0.6 6 (- 5.62 ) - 0.6 6 (- 5.62 ) - 0.2 1 Self Effica cy 0.3 3 ( 3.4 9 ) 0.0 3 ( 1.5 1) 0.3 6 ( 3.85 ) 0. 18 En vir o- r eevalu a t ion 0.3 5 ( 6.0 1) 0.0 5 ( 2.35 ) 0.4 0 ( 6.84 ) 0.32 Rein for - m a n agem ent 0.10 ( 2.74 ) 0.10 ( 2.74 ) 0.07 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.13 ( 4.90 ) 0.13 ( 4.90 ) 0. 13 Self r eevalu a t ion 0.3 8 ( 5.93 ) 0.3 8 ( 5.93 ) 0.29 E nvir o- r eeva lu at ion Pr os 1.19 ( 7.60 ) 0.0 6 ( 2. 19 ) 1.2 5 ( 8.59 ) 0.4 9 0.4 0 Con s - 0.4 6 (- 3. 16 ) - 0.4 6 (- 3. 16 ) - 0. 18 Self Effica cy - 0.0 3 (- 1. 10 ) - 0.0 3 (- 1. 10 ) - 0.02 Rein for - m a n agem ent 0.2 6 ( 3.32 ) 0.2 6 ( 3.32 ) 0.24 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.0 6 ( 2.7 1) 0.0 6 ( 2.7 1) 0.07 Con sciou s r aising Pr os 2.5 2 ( 9.66 ) 0.5 5 ( 5.2 1) 3.07 ( 12.4 1) 0.78 0.52 Con s 1.7 0 ( 5.30 ) - 0.2 0 (- 2.52 ) 1.5 0 ( 4.4 0 ) 0.39 Self Effica cy 0.6 2 ( 3.69 ) - 0.0 2 (- 1.07 ) 0.6 0 ( 3.64 ) 0.24 En vir- r eeva lu a t ion 0.4 4 ( 5.64 ) 0.4 4 ( 5.64 ) 0.29 Rein for - m a n agem ent 0.1 1 ( 2.58 ) 0.1 1 ( 2.58 ) 0.07 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.0 3 ( 2.26 ) 0.0 3 ( 2.26 ) 0.02 Dr a m a t ic r elief Pr os 1.0 7 ( 4.4 2 ) 0.5 3 ( 3.94 ) 1.6 0 ( 8.4 3 ) 0.53 0.23 Con s - 0.04 (- 2.56 ) - 0.04 (- 2.56 ) - 0.0 1 Self Effica cy - 0.4 5 (- 3.83 ) 0.0 2 ( 2.28 ) - 0.4 3 (- 3.67 ) - 0.22 H elpin g r ela t ion sh ip 0.2 2 ( 4.27 ) 0.2 2 ( 4.27 ) 0.28 Self lib er a t ion 0.0 5 ( 2.82 ) 0.0 5 ( 2.82 ) 0.06 En vir o- r eevalu a t ion 0.0 2 ( 2.5 1) 0.0 2 ( 2.5 1) 0.02 Rein for - m a n agem ent 0.0 1 ( 1.82 ) 0.0 1 ( 1.82 ) 0.00 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.0 1 ( 2.53 ) 0.0 1 ( 2.53 ) 0.0 1 Self r eevalu a t ion 0 0.0 2 ( 2.76 ) 0.0 2 ( 2.76 ) 0.02 Cou n t er con dit ioning Pr os - 0.4 2 (- 2.0 1) - 0.4 2 (- 2.0 1) - 0. 15 0.33 Con s - 1.84 (- 7.73 ) - 1.84 (- 7.73 ) - 0.67 Socia l lib er a t ion Con s - 0.8 2 (- 4.62 ) - 0.8 2 (- 4.62 ) - 0.38 0.08 Self Effica cy - 0.24 (- 2. 13 ) - 0.24 (- 2. 13 ) - 0. 18 Pr os 0.2 1 ( 2.94 ) 0.2 1 ( 2.94 ) 0.09 0.65 Rein for -m a n a gem ent Con s - 1.5 6 (- 9. 19 ) - 0.19 (- 2.98 ) - 1.75 (- 10.26 ) - 0.77 Self Effica cy - 0.2 2 (- 2. 19 ) 0.10 ( 2.55 ) - 0.12 (- 1. 19 ) - 0.08 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.2 2 ( 4.4 0 ) 0.2 2 ( 4.4 0 ) 0.30 St im u lu s con t r ol Pr os 0.9 6 ( 4.86 ) 0.9 6 ( 4.86 ) 0.3 1 0.55 Con s - 0.8 6 (- 3.20 ) - 0.8 6 (- 3.20 ) - 0.28 Self Effica cy 0.4 7 ( 3.67 ) 0.4 7 ( 3.67 ) 0.24-6 17 -
2 0 0 2 10 <T a b le 4 > Direct, in d ire ct, to t a l eff e ct a n d st a n d a rd ize d s o lut io n in m o d if ie d m o d e l E n d ogen ou s Va riable P r edict ive Va ria ble Dir ect effect In dir ect effect Tot al effect standardized (t - va lu e ) (t -v alu e) (t - va lu e ) solu t ion SMC Self r eev alu at ion Pr os 0.4 3 ( 4.3 1) 0.4 3 ( 4.3 1) 0. 17 0.62 Con s - 1.0 1 (- 6.90 ) - 0.3 1 (- 3.74 ) - 1.3 2 (- 8.73 ) - 0.54 Self Effica cy 0.13 ( 2.65 ) 0.13 ( 2.65 ) 0.08 En vir o- r eevalu a t ion 0.12 ( 2.4 3 ) 0.12 ( 2.4 3 ) 0. 13 Rein for - m a n agem ent 0.0 3 ( 2.0 1) 0.0 3 ( 2.0 1) 0.03 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.2 9 ( 6.20 ) 0.0 1 ( 1.86 ) 0.3 0 ( 6.39 ) 0.37 St age of ch a nge Pr os 0.5 6 ( 4.59 ) 0.5 6 ( 4.59 ) 0.20 0.64 Con s - 0.5 0 (- 3. 13 ) - 0.5 0 (- 3. 13 ) - 0. 18 Self Effica cy 0.5 8 ( 6.87 ) 0.2 0 ( 2.95 ) 0.7 7 ( 8.0 1) 0.4 3 H elpin g r ela t ion sh ip 0.0 3 ( 0.79 ) 0.0 1 ( 1.74 ) 0.04 ( 1.26 ) 0.06 Self lib er a t ion 0.14 ( 2.4 1) 0.0 1 ( 1. 12 ) 0.15 ( 2.63 ) 0. 18 En vir- r eeva lu a t ion - 0.12 (- 2.2 1) 0.0 8 ( 2.78 ) - 0.04 (- 0.84 ) - 0.03 Con sciou s r a ising - 0.0 1 (- 0.4 7 ) - 0.0 1 (- 0.4 7 ) - 0.02 Dr a m a t ic r elief 0.0 7 ( 1.98 ) 0.0 7 ( 1.98 ) 0.07 Cou nt er con dit ion ing 0.0 0 (- 0. 11) 0.0 0 (- 0. 11) 0.00 Social liber a t ion - 0.0 5 (- 0.89 ) - 0.0 5 (- 0.89 ) - 0.04 Rein for - m a n agem ent - 0.0 3 (- 0.4 5 ) - 0.0 1 (- 0.82 ) - 0.04 (- 0.60 ) - 0.03 St im u lu s con t r ol 0.2 8 ( 5.3 1) 0.0 7 ( 3.06 ) 0.3 5 ( 7.86 ) 0.39 Self r eevalu a t ion 0.2 2 ( 3. 12 ) 0.0 6 ( 2.26 ) 0.2 8 ( 4.35 ) 0.25 <Fig u re 3 > Pat h d iag ra m o f m o d if ie d m o d e l - 6 18 -
3 2 5 ( = -.4 2, t = - 2.0 1), ( = - 1.84, t = - 7.7 3 ) 3 3 %. ( = -.82, t = - 4.62 ), ( = -.24, t = - 2.13 ), ( =.2 1, t = 2.94 ) 8 %. ( = - 1.56, t = - 9.19 ), ( = -.22, t = 4.4 0 ), ( =.22, t = 4.4 0 ) ( =.2 1, t = 2.94 ), ( = -.19, t = - 2.98 ), ( =.10, t = 2.55) 6 5%. ( =.9 6, t = 4.86 ), ( = -.8 6, t = - 3.20 ), ( =.4 7, t = 3.6 7 ) 5 5%. ( = - 1.0 1, t = - 6.90 ), ( =.12, t = 2.4 3 ), ( =.29, t = 6.20 ), ( =.4 3, t = 4.3 1), ( = -.3 1, t = - 3.74 ), ( =.13, t = 2.6 5), ( =.0 3, t = 2.0 1) 62 %. ( =.58, t = 6.87 ), ( =.14, t = 2.4 1), ( = -.12, t = - 2.2 1), ( =.0 7, t = 1.9 8 ), ( =.28, t = 5.3 1), ( =.22, t = 3.12 ) ( =.56, t = 4.59 ), ( = -.50, t = - 3.13 ), ( =.2 0, t = 2.9 5), ( =.08, t = 2.7 8 ), ( =.07, t = 3.06 ), ( =.06, t = 2.26 ) 64 %.,,,,,.,,.,,,,.,,,,,,,,...,,. Kim (200 0 ),.,,, - 6 19 -
2 0 0 2 10.,,,,,,,,, (Mar cu s et a l., 199 6 ; Ma r cu s & Owen, 199 2 ; Mar cu s, Selby, N iau r a & Rossi, 1992b ).,,, (Ch a n g, P ar k, P ark & Lim, 200 0 ), (DiClem ent e, Pr och a sk a & Gilb er t ini, 19 8 5),,,,, N or m a n, Velicer, F ava & Pr och a sk a, 1998 )., (Lee, Ch a n g & P a rk, 2 00 1).,. P en der (19 99 ) (t ailor ed int er ven t ion ). (Kim et al., 2 000 ),. P ollar k, Ca rb on ar i, DiClem ent e, N iem a n n Mu llen (199 8 )... 24 6 20 00 6 1 7 2 0. Mar cu s et al.(19 92b ), Mar cu s et al. (19 92b ), Lee & Ch a n g (20 0 1), Ma r cu s et al. (19 92a ) p c- SAS pr ogr am LISRE L 8.0. 2-6 2 0 -
3 2 5 2 96.7 5 (df = 4 9, p =.000 0 5) 2 184.78 (df = 4 8, p =.00 0 ), GF I =.98, N F I =.99, AGF I =.9 5, N N F I =.99.,,,,. 64 %.,,,.,... Re f e re n ce s Bou ch a r d, C., Sh ep ar d, R., & St eph en, T. (199 3 ). Phy sical act iv ity, fit n ess an d h ealt h : Con sen su s st at em ent, Ch am p agn e, IL : H u m a n Kin et ics. Bu rb a n k, P. M., P a u du la, C. A., & N igg, C. R. (200 0 ). Ch a n gin g h ea lt h b eh a vior s of older a du lt s, J of Geron t o N u r, 2 6 (3 ), 2 6-33. Bu rk h older, G. J., & N igg, C. C. (2 002 ). Overview of t h e t r a n st h eor et ica l m odel. In M.B. Bu rb a nk & Rieb e Deb or ah (E ds.), Prom ot ing ex ercise an d b eh av ioral ch ange in older adu lt s : Int erv ent ion s wit h t h e t ran st h eoret ical m odel (pp.57-84 ) Sprin ger Pu blish in g Com pa ny : N ew York. Ca rm ody, T. P., Sen n er, J. W., Ma n ilow, M. R. & Mar t ar a zzo, J. D. (1980 ). Ph ysical exer cise r eh abilit at ion : Lon g-t er m dr op ou t r a t e in ca r dia c pa t ient s. J B eh av ioral M ed, 3, 163-168. Ch oi, N. H. (199 1). A crit ical an aly sis on m et h odology of nursing, Doct oral Dissert at ion, Yon sei U niver sit y Ch a n g, S. O., P a rk, Y. J., P ar k, C. S., & Lim, Y. J. (2 000 ). A. st u dy of t h e st a ge of ch a n ge a n d d ecision a l b ala n ce : Exer cise a cquisit ion, sm oking cessat ion, m amm ogr a ph y scr eenin g a n d Kegel' s exer cise in Kor ea, J Korean, A cad N sg, 3 0 (5), 126 5-127 8. DiClem ent e, C. C., Pr och a sk a, J. O., & Gilbert ini, M. (198 5). Self- effica cy a n d t h e st a ges of self- ch a n ge of sm okin g. Cogn i T h erapy an d R es, 9, 18 1-200. Kim, K. Y., & Ka n g, H. C. (200 0 ) T h e an aly sis of st ru ct u ral equ at ion m odel, Seou l : J ayou Aca dem y P r ess. Kim, S. Y., Kim, S. I., Ch u n, Y. J., Lee, P. S., Lee, S. J., P a rk, E. S., & Ch a n g, S. O. (200 0 ). A pr edict ion m odel for st a ge of ch a n ge of exer cise in t h e Kor ea n elder ly, J Korean, A cad N sg, 3 0 (2 ), 3 66-3 79. Lee, P. S., Ch a n g, S. O., & P a rk, E. Y. (200 1). Th em e a n a lysis r ela t ed t o perform a n ce of exer cise in t h e eld er ly. J. Korean Psy ch iat r A cad N u rs, 10 (2 ), Ma nu scr ipt su m m it t ed for pu blicat ion. Lee, P. S., & Ch a n g, S. O. (200 1). Developm ent of a t ool t o m ea su r e decision al ba la n ce of exer cise in t h e elderly, J Korean - 6 2 1 -
2 0 0 2 10 Psy ch iat r A cad N u rs, 10 (1), 4 3-52. Ma r cu s, B. H., & Sim k in, L. R. (199 3 ). Th e st a ge of exer cise b eh avior. J of S p ort M ed Phy sical Fit n ess, 3 3 (1), 83-88 Ma r cu s, B. H., Ba n spa ch, S. W., Lefebvr e, R. C., Rossi, J. S., Carlet on, R. A., & Abr a m s, D. B. (199 2a ). U sin g t h e st a ge of ch a n ge m odel t o in cr ea se t h e a dopt ion of ph ysica l a ct ivit y a m on g com mu nit y pa rt icipa nt s. A m J H ealt h Prom, 6, 4 24-4 29. Ma r cu s, B. H., Selby, V. C., N iau r a, R. S., & Rossi, J. S. (199 2b ). Self- effica cy a n d t h e st a ge of exer cise b eh avior ch a n ge, R es Q Ex erc S p ort, 6 3 ( 1), 60-66. Ma r cu s, B. H., & Owen, N. (199 2 ). Mot iva t ion a l r ea din ess, self- effica cy, a n d decision- m a k in g for exer cise, J A pplied S ocial Psy ch ol, 22 ( 1), 3-16. Ma r cu s, B. H., Sim k in, L. R., Rossi, J. S., & Pint o, B. M. (1996 ). Lon git u din a l sh ift s in em ployee ' s st a ges a n d pr ocess of exer cise beh a vior ch a n ge. A m J H ealt h Prom ot ion, 10 (3 ), 19 5-200. N orm a n, G. J., Velicer, W. F., F ava, J. L., & Pr och a sk a, J. O. (199 8 ). Dyn am ic t ypology clu st erin g wit h in t h e st a ge of ch a n ge for sm ok in g cessa t ion. A ddict iv e Beh av iors, 2 3, 139-153. P en der, N. J. (t r a n sla t ed by Ch oi, M. Y., & Lee, I. S.) (199 7 ). H ealt h prom ot ion in nu rsing pract ice. Seou l : H yu n Moon Sa. P en der, N. J. (1999 ). H ealt h p rom ot ion an d N u rsing, P a p er pr esent ed at Confer en ce of College of N u r sin g, Kor ea U niver sit y, Seou l, Kor ea. P ollar k, K. I., Car bon a ri, J. P., DiClem ent e, C. C., N iem a n n, Y. F., & Mu llen, P. D. (199 8 ). Cau sal r ela t ion sh ip s of pr ocesses of ch a n ge a n d d ecision a l b ala n ce : st a gesp ecific m odels for sm ok in g, A ddict iv e Beh av iors, 2 3 (4 ), 4 37-4 4 8. P ow ell. K., Th om pson, P., Ca sper sen, C., & Ken drick, J. (1987 ). P h ysical a ct ivit y a n d t h e in ciden ce of cor on ar y h ear t disea se, A n n R ev Pu blic H ealt h, 8, 2 53-28 7. Pr och a sk a, J. O, DiClem ent e, C. C., & N or cr oss, J. C. (199 2 ). In sea r ch of h ow people ch a n ge : Ap plicat ion t o a ddict ive beh a vior s, A m Psy ch ol, 4 7, 1 102-1 114. Robin son, J., & Roger s, M. (1994 ). Adh er en ce t o exer cise pr ogr am : Recom m en da t ion, S p ort s M ed, 17, 3 9-52. - Ab s t r a c t - A St u d y on t h e Rela t ion s h ip s a m on g t h e In flu en t ia l Va r iab le s on St a ge of Ch a n g e of Ex er cis e in t h e Eld er ly Ch an g, S u n g -Ok * Le e, Py ou n g -S ook * Park, Eu n -Y ou n g * P u r p o s e : Th e pu r p ose of t h is st u dy wa s t o in vest igat e t h e r elat ion sh ips am on g va ria bles of t r a n st h eor et ical m odel for exer cise in t h e elderly. Me t h o d : A h ypot h et ical m odel expla inin g t h e st a ge of ch a n ge wa s con st r u ct ed b a sed on a t r a n st h eor et ical m odel. Em pirical da t a for t est in g t h e h ypot h et ical m odel wa s collect ed fr om 24 6 old a du lt s over 6 5 year s old in a com m u nit y set t in gs in Seou l, Kor ea in J u n e a n d J u ly, 20 00. Da t a wer e a n a lyzed by descript ive st a t ist ics a n d cor r ela t ion a l a n a lysis u sin g p c- SAS pr ogr a m. Th e Lin ea r St r u ct u r al Modelin g (LISREL ) 8.0 pr ogr a m w a s u sed t o fin d t h e b est fit m odel wh ich expla in cau sa l r elat ion sh ip of va ria bles. Re s u l t : Th e fit n ess of m odified m od el t o t h e da t a wa s X 2 = 96.7 5 (df = 4 9, p =.00 00 5 ), GF I =.98, N F I =.99, AGF I =.9 5, N N F I =.99. Th e t h e pr edict a ble va ria bles of st a ge of ch a n ge * College of Nu rsing, Korea Univer sit y - 6 2 2 -
3 2 5 expla in ed 64 % of st a ge of ch a n ge for exer cise Co n c lu s i o n : Resu lt s ar e con sist ent wit h t h e st u dies of a p plicat ion of t h e t r a n st h eor et ica l m odel, wh ich h a s been u sed t o u n der st a n d h ow p eople ch a n ge h ea lt h beh a vior s. Th e fin din gs of t h is st u dy give u sefu l in for m a t ion s t o con st ru ct exer cise int ervent ion pr ogr a m for t h e elderly a bou t r ela t ion sh ips a m on g va ria bles influ en cin g t o t h e st a ge of ch a n ge of exer cise. Ke y w o rd s : St a ge of ch a n ge, Th e elderly - 6 2 3 -