PHI Report 2011-01 모두가건강한사회를만들어가는 People's Health Institute
i 차례 1. 1 1.1. 1 1.2. 5 2. 7 2.1.? 7 2.1.1. OECD 7 2.1.2. 8 2.1.3. 9 2.1.4. 10 2.1.5. 12 2.2.? 13 2.2.1. 13 2.2.2. 13 2.2.3. 14 2.2.4. 14 2.2.5. 15 2.2.6. ( ) 20 2.2.7. 23 2.3.,? 24 2.4.? 27 2.4.1. 27 2.4.2. 28 2.4.3. 32 2.4.4. 38 3. 39 4. 42
ii 표차례 1 21 2 2006 27 3 2007 28 4 29 5 92 29 6 1997-2007 ( : ) 31 7 1997-2007 ( :, %) 32 8 34 9 (, ) 36 10 (2002-2007 ) 37 그림차례 1 OECD 15 (%), 2005 7 2 (%) 8 3 (%) 9 4 (%) 10 5 OECD 13-15 (%), 2008 11 6 (%) 11 7 (%) 12 8 17 9, 2006 18 10, 2006 19 11, 2006 20 12 2008 OECD, USD 24 13 OECD 1 1 GDP (%) 25 14 OECD 1 1 GDP (%) 25
iii 요약문 1. l 4~5,. l,,. l < > -??,?? -,. 2.? < > 2009 OECD Health Data 10,. OECD,.
iv. OECD. < >..,.,.?...,. ( ), (FCTC).,,,..,?
v OECD...? 2,500 62.6%, ( ). 91.0%.,.. R&D 2005, (62.7%, 2006 ). 2%.,... 3. l < 2010>
vi.. < >. l.,... l,.. OECD,.,,.,. l,..,..
1. 1.1. 4~5 BAT JTI 2,500 2,700..., ( 2011.5.7)., 8~9 ( 2011.5.16).,. < > 8,000 ( 2010.12.6). 2009 47.7% OECD 28.3%.. 2009 2010. 2009,, ( 2010.8.12)... 2010 6. 2010 1
( 2010.7.8)..,,,,, ( 2010.8.11).. (WHO) <2009 (Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic)> ( 2010.10.23). ( 2010.1.6). ( 2010.10.6).. ( 2011.1.17)..., < > < > ( 2010.10.25; 2010.12.10) <2009 > 1 2
1 GDP OECD,..,...,, ( 2010.9.19).. (CBS 2010.12.31). 2010 11 1 ( 2010.11.1)..,. 3
. < >. 4
1.2.. l,?.,.. l,?..,,. l,,?,.,. 5
l,?... 6
2. 2.1.? 2.1.1. OECD. 15 OECD.. ( 1). 1 OECD 15 (%), 2005 ( : OECD Health Data 2009) 7
2.1.2.? 1980,. 2008 2008 ( 2 3). 2 (%) ( : 2008 ) 8
3 (%) ( : 2010 ) 2.1.3.., 2007 2008. ( 4). 1989-2003 5., 45 (Khang 2006). 9
80 20 60 15 40 10 20 5 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 1 분위 ( 저 ) 2 분위 3 분위 4 분위 ( 고 ) 1 분위 ( 저 ) 2 분위 3 분위 4 분위 ( 고 ) 80 20 60 15 40 10 20 5 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 초졸이하중졸고졸대졸이상초졸이하중졸고졸대졸이상 < > < > 4 (%) ( : 2001-2008) 2.1.4. OECD 13 13-15, (current smoking) ( 5).,. 10
5 OECD 13-15 (%), 2008 ( : WHO Global Health Observatory Data) ( 2009). ( 6). 18 15 12 9 2005 년 2006 년 2007 년 6 3 0 1 학년 2 학년 3 학년 1 학년 2 학년 3 학년 남학생 여학생 6 (%) ( : 2005-2007). < 11
> ( 7). 7 (%) ( : 2007) 2.1.5., OECD. OECD.. OECD,,.. 12
2.2.? 2.2.1. (price elasticity)..,. ( ). 수요의변화율 수요의가격탄력성 가격의변화율 0. 1 1. -0.2 (100%) 20%. 2.2.2. Gallet (2003) (price), (income), (advertising) 1986-2000 86 (Gallet List 2003). 10% 1.3~1.9%. 10% 13
(Ranson 2000). 10% 2.5~5%, 8% (Chaloupka 2000), 52 10% 2~7% (Gallus 2006). 2.2.3.. 19-0.41, -0.49, 18-0.27 ( 2005; 2003; 2002). 2004 1, 3, 6-0.69, -0.62, -0.55 ( 2006).,. 2.2.4.. 10%, (Walbeek 2003).,,,,, 6 14
(Giskes 2007). 1961-2003 43 ( 33, 3,,,,, ) 4 3. 20,,, (Thomas 2008). ( 2003). ( 2009). 2004, ( /, /, ) ( 2006).,,.,,,. 2.2.5... 15
(Wilson Thomson 2005)....,, ( )., ( )., ( ),, (, ) (, ).,, ( 8). 16
8 ( : 2008). (7.02%) (3.52%), (2.26%, 9). 17
9, 2006 ( : 2007). 3.52%, (15 17%), (32 36%), (16 25%), (19 22%), (26 30%). -0.37% ( 2008).., ( 10). 18
10, 2006 ( : 2008)., ( 11).,.. 19
11, 2006 ( : 2008),,.. 2.2.6. ( 非 ).. 2003 (Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, FCTC),., 20
( ),,,,,,. ( 1). 1 [1] [1-1] [1-2] [1-2-1] [1-2-2] [1-2-3] [1-2-4] [1-2-5],, [1-2-6], [1-3] [2] [2-1] [2-2] [2-3],,,.,,.,.,, 6 21
/ PC.,.,,,, (Smoke-Free),,, ( 2009)...,,.. (positive list).,.,...,,. 22
2.2.7....,. ( ), (FCTC).,,,.,. 23
2.3.,? <2009 >. 180. 11.27 / 1.40 /. 1.98 / 78.. 34 OECD 5.01 /. ( 12). 12 2008 OECD, USD ( : 2009 ) GDP OECD 5.48%, ( 13). 2.69%. 24
13 OECD 1 1 GDP (%) ( : 2009, OECD Health Data 2009) OECD. 2006 (current smoking), ( r=-0.32, p=0.06, r=0.06, p=0.75, 14). 1) 14 OECD 1 1 GDP (%) ( :, 2009 ; 1 GDP, OECD Health Data 2009) 1) 0.05. 2009 2006. 25
.,.,. 26
2.4.? 2.4.1. 2,500 2. 62.6%. ( ) ( 2). 2 2006 ( / ) (%) * 354 14.2 23 641 25.6 229 321 12.8 260 15 0.6 17 7 0.3 18 227 9.1 1 1,565 62.6 228 9.1 707 28.3 ( ) 2,500 100.0 :, 2006, 2005 * 2006.,.,,,, 2). 2 3, 2). 150. 27
3 ( 2006). 2 1 91.0%. ( 3). 3 2007 ( ) (%) 21,204 91.0 59 0.3 87 0.4 1,767 7.6 178 0.8 23,295 100.0 :, <2007 >, 2006 2.4.2. 1995 1997 ( 2006). 4 25 30. 92 2011 ( 4 5). 28
4 25,, 30 27 5 92 92 92 ( ) 100 14.. 1. 1. 2. 3. 66 2 93 2 3 2. 1. 2. 3. 65 [ 8153 (2006.12.30) 2 2011 12 31 ] 29
1997 2007 6. 7 3,007 4 5,604 ( 6). 3). 4).. 3). 4),,,, (, 2006, 2007). 30
6 1997-2007 ( : ) ( ) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007-7 25 16 17 22 13 33 75 78 97 383 30 233 234 475 408 501 539 519 3,072 2,740 2,556 11,307-3,381 5,497 10,503 7,721 12,971 14,115 17,071 46,979 58,075 71,098 247,411 11 2,250 4,430 5,037 6,749 8,877 14,081 13,717 188,901 190,750 214,289 649,092 98 2,256 3,557 2,490 3,476 2,648 1,883 2,933 8,799 7,958 5,105 41,203 - - - - - - - - 96.72 122.094 24,130 24,348 - - 80 200 200 - - - 9,528 32,032 23,709 65,749 R&D - - - - - - - - - 180,174 123,935 304,109 - - - - - 439,211 644,588 626,313 925,302 966,420 967,595 4,569,459 18,549 17,244 24,992 11,822 16,930 69,956 94,051 242,998 258,391 208,650 420,300 1,383,883 3,796* 3,796 18,688 25,371 38,815 30,543 35,501 534,186 769,270 903,584 1,537,767 1,768,971 2,334,669 7,300,740 :,, 1997-2007 : 2005 R&D. 2007. *,. 31
2.4.3. ( 2008).. 2005. R&D 2005., 28 ( 7). 7 1997-2007 ( :, %) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007-3,381 5,497 10,503 7,721 12,971 14,115 17,071 46,979 58,075 71,098 247,411 (42.9) (40.7) (58.3) (43.0) (53.0) (46.9) (50.6) (19.2) (22.6) (24.5) (26.4) 11 2,250 4,430 5,037 6,749 8,877 14,081 13,717 188,901 190,750 214,289 649,092 (10.1) (28.5) (32.9) (27.9) (37.6) (36.2) (46.8) (40.7) (77.2) (74.3) (73.7) (69.2) 98 2,256 3,557 2,490 3,476 2,648 1,883 2,933 8,799 7,958 5105 41,203 (89.9) (28.6) (26.4) (13.8) (19.4) (10.8) (6.3) (8.7) (3.6) (3.1) (1.8) (4.4) 109 7,987 13,584 18,130 18,046 24,596 30,179 33,821 244,779 256,883 290,590 937,802 * :,, 1997-2007 2007 8% 32
, 12% R&D. 2004 12 30 25,,,,, ( 2005, 2006). 5), R&D.,, 13% (2007 ) ( 2006). 2005. ( 7 ). 8. 2007 1,045, 315.. 5) 2006, 1,808 R&D 1 4,, R&D ( 2005). 33
. 8 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l :. 2006 ( ) 2005 1990 Healthway.,,. 2007,, 30% ( 2008). 34
( 2006).. 2% 2005. 2008 ( + ). ( 9). 35
9 (, ) : 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 1,423,542 1,907,628 1,754,900 1,602,700 1,906,389 25,961 31,502 31,195 26,886 28,136 25,961 31,502 53,700 68,000 83,500 100.0% 100.0% 58.1% 39.5% 33.7% / 1.8% 1.7% 1.8% 1.7% 1.5% 1.8% 1.7% 3.1% 4.2% 4.4% 7,799 8,100 9,100 7,400 7,400 7,799 8,100 13,000 15,000 18,000 100.0% 100.0% 70.0% 49.3% 41.1% / ( + ) / 30.0% 25.7% 29.2% 27.5% 26.3% 30.0% 25.7% 24.2% 22.1% 21.6% 13,575 20,057 20,195 16,550 16,550 13,575 20,502 36,000 47,800 59,900 100.0% 97.8% 56.1% 34.6% 27.6% 52.29% 63.67% 64.74% 61.56% 58.82% 52.29% 65.08% 67.04% 70.29% 71.74% * :. 2011 6%. 2006 62.7% ( 10). 2007 ( 36
2006). 10 (2002-2007 ) ( :, %) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007( ) 5,342 7,756 9,036 15,378 19,076 23,295 5,109 7,020 8,061 12,915 16,446 21,204 4,642 6,756 6,609 12,795 17,078 19,092 4,392 6,446 6,263 9,253 10,712 11,804 250 310 346 3,542 6,366 7,288 % ( / ) 94.6 95.4 94.8 72.3 62.7 61.8 % ( / ) 5.4 4.6 5.2 27.7 37.3 38.2 * :, <2007 >, 2006., <2006 >, 2005. 2001. 2001 5.. 2007 2006 2011. 65.. 37
2.4.4.,.. 5,. ( 2008). 38
3. 3.1. l.,. l..,. ( ), (FCTC). l OECD... l,... 39
3.2. (healthy policy). < 2010>... l,.,... l,.. OECD,.,,.,. 40
l,...,.. 2010 -. ( www.health.re.kr) 41
4. 1. Chaloupka FJ, Hu T, Warner KE, Jacobs R, Yurekli A. The taxation of tobacco products. Tobacco control in developing countries. Oxford University Press 2000:237-272. 2. Gallet CA, List JA. Cigarette demand: a meta-analysis of elasticities. Health Econ 2003;12(10):821-835. 3. Gallus S, Schiaffino A, La Vecchia C, Townsend J, Fernandez E. Price and cigarette consumption in Europe. Tob control 2006;15(2):114-119. 4. Giskes K, Kunst A, Ariza C et al. Applying an equity lens to tobacco-control policies and their uptake in six Western-European countries. J public health policy 2007;28(2): 261-280. 5. Khang YH, Cho HJ. Socioeconomic inequality in cigarette smoking: trends by gender, age, and socioeconomic position in South Korea, 1989-2003. Prev Med 2006;42(6):415-22. 6. Ranson K, Jha P, Chaloupka F, Nguyen S. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of price increases and other tobacco-control policies. Tobacco control in developing countries. Oxford University Press 2000:427-447. 7. van Walbeek C. Tobacco Excise Taxation in South Africa. World Health Organization, 2003. 8. Thomas S, Fayter D, Misso K, Ogilvie D, Petticrew M, Sowden A, Whitehead M, Worthy G. Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking: systematic review. Tob Control 2008; 17(4): 230-237. 42
9. Wilson N, Thomson G. Tobacco taxation and public health: ethical problems, policy responses. Soc Sci Med 2005;61(3):649-659. 10... 2009;152:22-37. 11.. 2005. 2005. 12.. 2007. 2006. 13... 2002;36(3):167-184. 14.,,,. :,, 2003. 15.,,.. 2006;29(2):195-213. 16.,.. 2005;28(1):133-147. 17.,,,,,,.. 2006. 18.,,,,,.. 2010.08.11 19.. BAT. 2011.5.7 20.. MB 3. 2010.8.12 21... :, 2009. 22... 2006. 23.. 2006 ( ). 2005. 24.. 2006. 2007 43
25.. 2007. 2006. 26.. 2009. : 2010. 27.. 2010. http://2010.hp.go.kr/. 2009. 28.. 30%. 2010.7.8 29.,. ;. 2008;1(1):63-94. 30. CBS.. 2010.12.31 31.,.. 2008;42:545-573. 32..,. 2010.12.10 33... 2008;25(4):93-110. 34... 2010.11.1. 35... 2010.10.23 36..,. 2010.10.25 37.. -. 2010.9.19 38..,. 2010.10.6 39..,. 2010.1.6 40... 2011.1.17 41... 2010.12.6 42...... 2011.5.16 44
..,... *. : 140 3 302 : 070-8658/8659-1848 Fax : 02-581-0339 : http://health.re.kr : phikorea@gmail.com : 199-910004-60804 ( )