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๊ต์œก์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2005-์ง€์ •-52 ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ฑ„์šฉ์‹œํ—˜์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก, ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ฑ„์šฉ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฑ…์ž„์ž : ์˜ค ํ˜ธ ์˜ (ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์› ๋ถ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›) ์ด ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2005๋…„๋„ ๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ ํ•œ

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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ง€, ์ˆ˜๋กœ์ง€ 5, ์ง€๋„ 6 ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ํŽธ์ฐฌํ•œ ์กฐ์„  ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ง€์™€ ๋ถ€์†์ง€๋„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. โ…ก. 1876~1905๋…„ ์šธ๋ฆ‰๋„ ๋…๋„ ์„œ์ˆ ์˜ ์ถ”์ด 1. ์šธ๋ฆ‰๋„ ๋…๋„ ํ˜ธ์นญ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ์ง€๋„์ƒ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์กฐ์„ 

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์•ฝ 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ต์œก์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์ „๋žต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ „์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€ ๋‚œ 15๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ต์œก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ 15๋…„๊ฐ„ ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ต์œก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

2 ๅคง ้Ÿ“ ๆ”ฟ ๆฒป ๅญธ ๆœƒ ๅ ฑ ( ็ฌฌ 18 ่ผฏ 1 ่™Ÿ ) ๊ณผ์˜ ์†Œํ†ต๋ถ€์žฌ ์†์— ์—ฌ๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ตญํšŒ๋„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ์‹ ๊ตญ์ •์šด์˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์šด์˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜

์ค‘๊ตญ ์ƒ์žฅํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ


INDUS-8.HWP

CONTENTS.HWP

2 I.์„œ ๋ก  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ฒ”ํ–‰ ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆํŒŽ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์Šค๋Ÿผ์—†์ด ๋ฒ”ํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.2008๋…„ 12์›” 11์ผ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋“ฑ๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ(์—ฌ,8์„ธ)์„ ๊ตํšŒ ์•ˆ ํ™”์žฅ ์‹ค๋กœ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ

328 ้€€ๆบชๅญธ๊ณผ ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ– ็ฌฌ43่™Ÿ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ •๋„์ „์€ ๊ก”์ฃผ๋ก€๊ก•์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ •์น˜, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ 

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274 ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ™” 73

ร€รฅยพร–ยฟรยฐรญยฟรซ ยณยปรรถ

Transcription:

KIPA 2009-23

๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”, ์ •๋ณดํ™”, ์ง€๋ฐฉํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ–‰์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๊ด€ ์ ์—์„œ ์ •๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ง‘ํ–‰ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ๋œฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์ž˜ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ • ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ช…๋ฐ• ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตญ์ •๊ณผ์ œ์—๋„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝํ•˜์— ๋„์ž…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ œ ๋„๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜๋˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์›๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ •์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ด ์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž ์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ ๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ณด์™„์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฌด ์› ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•™๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์˜ค์„ฑ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์™€ ์„œ์„ฑ์•„ ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ๋…ธ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์น˜ํ•˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ•์ธ์žฌ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋ฐฉํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ดํšจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์› ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ 12์›” ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์›์žฅ ๋ฐ• ์‘ ๊ฒฉ

K I P A ๋ชฉ์ฐจ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ 3 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ 4 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 6 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 12 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜• 12 2. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ 13 3. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ 15 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ 21 1. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 22 2. ์ œ๋„์šด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 26 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 28 1. ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ฐจ์›:ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ 29 2. ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ์ฐจ์› 29 3. ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 30 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š”์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 32 1. ๊ฐœ ๊ด€ 32 2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 35 3. ์˜๊ตญ 38 4. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค 42 5. ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ 45 6. ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  52

์ œ2์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 56 1. ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 56 2. ์ถ”์ง„๊ณผ์ • 60 3. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ 61 4. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์Ÿ์ ์‚ฌํ•ญ 70 ์ œ4์žฅ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฆ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„๋‚ด์šฉ 78 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 81 1. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 81 2. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 97 3. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„:AHP ๋ถ„์„ 103 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก :์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฑด์˜ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 120 1. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ์‹ 120 2. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 121 3. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„ 122 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฑด์˜ 122 1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 122 2. ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ 124 3. ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ 126 ๋ถ€ ๋ก ๋ถ€๋ก 1 ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹์กฐ์‚ฌ 156 ๋ถ€๋ก 2 ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋นˆ๋„ํ‘œ 174

K I P A ํ‘œ๋ชฉ์ฐจ <ํ‘œ 1-1> ์ •์ฑ…๊ธฐ์—ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ 5 <ํ‘œ 1-2> ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ณ„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ 9 <ํ‘œ 2-1> ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 12 <ํ‘œ 2-2> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต 18 <ํ‘œ 2-3> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 19 <ํ‘œ 2-4> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ดํ›„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณ€ํ™” :์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„์ฃผ 27 <ํ‘œ 3-1> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 33 <ํ‘œ 3-2> GASB Statement 34์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํŠน์ง• 36 <ํ‘œ 3-3> ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-์ •๋ถ€์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 40 <ํ‘œ 3-4> ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 41 <ํ‘œ 3-5> ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ 44 <ํ‘œ 3-6> ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-์ˆ˜์ž…์ง€์ถœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 44 <ํ‘œ 3-7> ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ 48 <ํ‘œ 3-8> ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-์ˆ˜์ต๋น„์šฉ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 50 <ํ‘œ 3-9> ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€-์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 51 <ํ‘œ 3-10> ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ 53 <ํ‘œ 3-11> ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์‚ฌ๋ก€ 55 <ํ‘œ 3-12> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์  60 <ํ‘œ 3-13> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ค€๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ง„ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 61 <ํ‘œ 3-14> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฒด๊ณ„ 63 <ํ‘œ 3-15> ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ƒ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋น„๊ต 64 <ํ‘œ 3-16> ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„๊ต 66 <ํ‘œ 3-17> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 73 <ํ‘œ 3-18> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ œ์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋น„๊ต 74 <ํ‘œ 3-19> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„:์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 75 <ํ‘œ 3-20> ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ก€:OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 76 <ํ‘œ 4-1> ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 79 <ํ‘œ 4-1> ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(๊ณ„์†) 80 <ํ‘œ 4-2> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„ 82 <ํ‘œ 4-3> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„ 83 <ํ‘œ 4-4> ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ •์น˜ 102 <ํ‘œ 4-5> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 1์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 106 <ํ‘œ 4-6> ๋ฒ•์  ์ œ๋„์  ์ •๋น„์˜ 2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 107

<ํ‘œ 4-7> ๊ฐœ์ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 107 <ํ‘œ 4-8> ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ์ œ๊ณ  2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 108 <ํ‘œ 4-9> ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ 2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 109 <ํ‘œ 4-10> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ˆœ์œ„ 110 <ํ‘œ 4-11> ์œ ํ˜•1์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ 111 <ํ‘œ 4-12> ์œ ํ˜•2์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ 112 <ํ‘œ 4-13> ์œ ํ˜•3์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ 113 <ํ‘œ 4-14> ์œ ํ˜•6์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ 114 <ํ‘œ 4-15> ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋น„๊ต 116 <ํ‘œ 5-1> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ 127 <ํ‘œ 5-2> ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์žฌ์ •์ œ๋„์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 132 <ํ‘œ 5-3> ์ถ”์ง„์ฃผ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋น„๊ต 133 <ํ‘œ 5-4> ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ญํ•  134 <ํ‘œ 5-5> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ค์ฒด ์œ ํ˜• 136 <ํ‘œ 5-6> ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ œ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 139 <ํ‘œ 5-7> ๊ต์œก๋Œ€์ƒ๋ณ„ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉํ‘œ 142 <ํ‘œ 5-8> ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ •๋น„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 144 <ํ‘œ 5-9> ์žฌ์ •์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 147

K I P A ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ชฉ์ฐจ <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-1> Ouda(2008)์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜๋ชจ๋ธ 28 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-2> ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 30 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-1> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ 82 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-2> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ 83 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-3> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ 84 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-4> ๋ณ„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ• ์ œ์ •์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 86 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-5> ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง€์นจ ๋งˆ๋ จ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 86 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-6> ์‚ฌ์ „๊ต์œก, ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ธ์‹ 87 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-7> ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹ 87 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-8> ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ 88 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-9> ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ 89 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-10> ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 89 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-11> ์ƒค๋ฐํŒก ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฉด 90 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-12> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ •์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ 92 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-13> ์ •๋ถ€ ์ž์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 93 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-14> ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ 94 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-15> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ 95 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-16> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ •๋„ 95 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-17> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ฒ˜ 96 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-18> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ ์žฅ์• ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 97 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-19> ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 99 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-20> ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 101 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-21> ์ธก์ • ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์ œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 104 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4-22> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ธก์ •์ง€ํ‘œ 105 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-1> ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 123 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-2> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋„ 131 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-3> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ 134 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-4> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 137 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-5> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„ 138 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-6> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์šฉ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 146 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-7> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ 149 <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5-8> ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •๋ณดํ™˜๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 150

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์•ฝ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ - Keywords:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ, Survey Research โ… . ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1999๋…„ ์ดˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์šด์˜๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 2007๋…„ ๋ฒ•๋ น์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€๋„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๋„ ์ž…์ด ๋ณธ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์˜จ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์ œ ๋„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ– ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€ ์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ž„. 2008 ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ ๋‹จ๋จ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ i

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต ๋ฌด์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋„์ž…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ž ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ณด์™„์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ์ œ๋„๋„์ž… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์‹คํƒœ ํŒŒ์•… - ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ์˜ํšŒ์˜์›, ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๋„์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ - ์šฐ์„ , ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์™„์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ œ๊ณต - ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ. โ…ก. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ii ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์–ด๋–  ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ •์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…์˜

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์Œ. ์ •๋ถ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ - ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ, ์ •์น˜์  ์š”์ธ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„, ์ธ์  ์กฐ์ง์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. - ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด ์˜จ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋“ ์ง€, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์™ธ์›์กฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ž„ (Ouda, 2008; Torres, 2004). - ์ •์น˜์  ์š”์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์  ์ธ์‹, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Œ (๊น€์žฌํ›ˆ, 2003; ์ž„๋™์™„, 2007). - ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„, ์ธ์  ์กฐ์ง์  ์š”์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋น„์ •๋„, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ถ•์ ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ž๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ • ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์™„๋น„์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ „๋‹ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ (์ž„๋™์™„, 2007; Ouda, 2008). ์ •๋ถ€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ - ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋“ค ์€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ƒ์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ฐฉ์‹, ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ œ๋„์  ์š”์ธ, ์ธ์  ์กฐ์ง์  ์š”์ธ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ (Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios, 2007; ์ž„์„ฑ์ผ ์ดํšจ, 2008; ์‹ ํฅ์ฒ , 2008; Ouda, 2008). - ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ ์š”์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ์ •์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ iii

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios (2007)๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์š”์ธ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€์›๋ถ€์กฑ, ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์—…๋ฌด์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘ํ–‰์ƒ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„ํ˜‘์กฐ, ์กฐ์ง ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์ง€์› ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€์Œ. - ์ œ๋„ ์š”์ธ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ œ๋„ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ˜„ํ–‰์ œ๋„์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ์Œ (์ž„์„ฑ์ผ ์ดํšจ, 2008; ์‹ ํฅ์ฒ , 2008). - ์ธ์  ์กฐ์ง์  ์š”์ธ ์ธ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์ง‘ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ•™์ž ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์›์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ํšŒ ์œ„์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ(leader)์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ ์ง€, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋„ ์—ญ์„ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ (๊น€๋™์™„, 2003; Warren & Barnes, 2003). <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1> ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜• iv

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ์‹ - ์ œ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ:์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„, ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 70% ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€ ๋‹ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์—†์ด ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Œ. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ง€์ž์ฒด ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค 0.6% ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹ค 14.2% ์•ˆ๋‹ค 75.6% ๋ฌด์‘๋‹ต 9.6% ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค 3.1% ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹ค 28.1% ์•ˆ๋‹ค 68.8% ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ณต๋ฌด ์› 68.4%, ์ค‘์•™๊ณต๋ฌด์› 72.6%์˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ์Œ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๋ฉด๋‹ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ถ„ํฌ v

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration - ์ œ๋„์ง‘ํ–‰ ์ œ๋„์ง‘ํ–‰์ธก๋ฉด ์ค‘ ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž (73.1%)๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ ์ง„์  ๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4> ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ „ ํ˜€ ๊ทธ ๋ ‡ ์ง€ ์•Š ๋‹ค 1.0% ๋ฐ” ๋žŒ ์ง ํ•˜ ์ง€ ์•Š ์Œ 9. 0 % ๋ฐ” ๋žŒ ์ง 7 3. 1 % ๋งค ์šฐ ๊ทธ ๋ ‡ ๋‹ค 34.6% ์•ฝ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ ๋ ‡ ๋‹ค 38.7% ๊ทธ ๋ ‡ ์ง€ ์•Š ๋‹ค 8.0% ๋ณด ํ†ต ์ด ๋‹ค 17.7% ์ „๋‹ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋‹ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ๋ฌด๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ด ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์—ˆ์Œ. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5> ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ vi

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์ง‘ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ„, ์กฐ์ง๋‚ด ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 20%๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ˜‘์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ™œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6> ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” 21.5%๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฉด, 27.2%๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Œ. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” 16.8%, ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” 37.3%๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7> ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ต์œก ์‹ค์‹œ 2.8 24.4 45.6 19.9 6.7 ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑํ™• 3.4 30.3 44.3 17.4 4.1 ๋ณด ์™ธ๋ถ€์ „๋ฌธ ๊ฐ€ํ™œ์šฉ 5.4 31.9 45.1 14.2 2.6 ์ „ํ˜€๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์•Š๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์•Š๋‹ค ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค vii

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ - ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ์Œ. - ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด, ์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง, ์‚ฌ์ „๊ต์œก์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ œ๋„์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. - ์ฆ‰, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ง€์นจ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ์™„๋น„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ ํƒ€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„. ํŠนํžˆ, ํšŒ ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์˜ํšŒ์˜์› ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ต์œก ์‹ค์‹œํ•„์š”์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์Œ. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„ - ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ AHP๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€ ๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์žฌํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. ๋ฒ•์ /์ œ๋„์  ์ •๋น„, ๊ฐœ์ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ•์ /์ œ๋„์  ์ •๋น„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋†’์€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งค๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ. โ…ข. ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ viii ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ AHP๋ถ„์„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฉด์ ‘ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„ ์ • ๋น„ ํŠนํžˆ, ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ง€์นจ ์‹ ์†์ •๋น„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹ ์  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ฑ„๋„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ง€์นจ ์‹ ์† ์ •๋น„ - ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฌด ์ง€์นจ์„ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์ •๋น„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Œ. ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ• ์ œ์ •์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํฐ ํ‹€์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„ ์ •๋น„๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์„  ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•ด ์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€์นจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์€ ์ผ์„  ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ชป๋จ์ด ์„ค ๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ฉด๋‹ด, ๋ฐ AHP๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ฑ„๋„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” - ์ œ๋„์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹ ํ™• ์ถฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ„ ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—† ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋น„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜์› ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Œ. - ๋ฉด๋‹ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์˜ํšŒ์˜์› ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํšŒ์‹ฌ์˜ ์—์„œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์ง€์ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Œ. - AHP๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์˜€์Œ. - ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹์  ์ฑ„๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์ฑ„๋„๋กœ์„œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•จ. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์šด์˜ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์นดํŽ˜ ์ƒค๋ฐํŒก ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์ค‘์•™์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ ๋‹จ๋จ. ix

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8> ์ƒค๋ฐํŒก ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฉด ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ์„ฑ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ก€:์ƒค๋ฐํŒก ์นดํŽ˜์ฃผ์†Œ:http://cafe.daum.net/Cadepend ๊ฐœ ์„ค ์ผ:2005. 10. 4. ํšŒ ์› ์ˆ˜:1,493๋ช… ํšŒ์›์ž๊ฒฉ:ํ–‰์ •์•ˆ์ „๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ง์›, ๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ, ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ง์› ๋“ฑ ์ •ํšŒ์›์ž๊ฒฉ:์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ํŠน๋ณ„ํšŒ์›:ํ–‰์ •์•ˆ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž, ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ(๊ต์ˆ˜ ํฌํ•จ) ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ - ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ์ถ”์ง„๊ด€๋ จ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ:๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ๋„์ž… ์šฐ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ก€, ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณ„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด ์†Œ๊ฐœ - ์ž์‚ฐ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„์„ค๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ:์ž์‚ฐ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ๋“ฑ - ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ต๋ณ€:๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ - ํ–‰์•ˆ๋ถ€ ๊ฑด์˜๋ฐฉ:๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฑด์˜์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ์•ˆ x ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ:๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฌ์šด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ์ง€ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํฌํƒˆ ์„ค์น˜ - ๊ณต์‹์  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์žฅ์น˜๋งˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”, ๋ช… ๋ฃŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ด ๋๋‚œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด ๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ •๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. - ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์กด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ตœ ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋งŒ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•œ ์š”์•ฝํ˜• ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ  ์–‘์‹์„ ํ™•์ •ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋ฐฐํฌํ† ๋ก ์ œ์•ˆํ•จ. - ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ํฌํƒˆ์‚ฌ ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„. ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„ ์ •๋น„ - ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์— ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌ ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์น™๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€( ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ ์น™ )์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„, ์—ฐ๊ธˆ, ์›๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ค€์น™, ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ์ง€์นจ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ „ ๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ž„. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ๋ณ€ ํ™”์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„์˜ ์‹œํ–‰์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ• ์ œ๋„ ์ •๋น„๋กœ์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ๋จ. - ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์žฌ์ •์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš, ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ œ๋„, ์ •๋ถ€ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ ๋„, ์žฌ์ •์‚ฌ์—… ์ž์œจํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์žฌ์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์šด ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด๋“ค ์žฌ์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ์žฌ์ •์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต, ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๋˜ ํ•œ, ๊ตญํšŒ, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์›, ๊ฐ ์ค‘์•™๊ด€์„œ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์—…๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž ๋“ฑ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ ์ •์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ž์›์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์˜ ํšจ์œจ xi

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์„ฑ, ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์žฌ์ •์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ œ์ •์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ. - ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ™•๋ฆฝ:๊ฐ€์นญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์œ„์›ํšŒ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์นญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ด€ํ• ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ง„์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์˜์—…๋ฌด ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์‹ฌ์˜์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์„ค์น˜, ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„. ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ง, ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐํš์žฌ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž์ธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์›, ๊ตญํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ค‘์•™๊ด€์„œ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ทธ๋ฃน, NGO๋Œ€ํ‘œ ๋“ฑ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ท ํ˜•์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. xii ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ฐ•ํ™” - ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ค‘์š” ํ•จ. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ฉ ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„(ํ†ตํ•ฉํ˜• ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ), ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„(ํ–‰์ •ํ˜•๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ˜•), ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. - ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž„. ์ด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ถœ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€, ํˆฌ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์ถœ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์žฌ์ •๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ •๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™• ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •๋น„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ. ํŠนํžˆ IMF, OECD ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์žฌ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณต๊ณตํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ  ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„.

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ ฅํ™•์ถฉ ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™” - ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ž…๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž„. ํŠน ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์˜ ์ ๊ทน ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์ถ”์ง„์˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ. - ์ „๋ฌธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ธ๋ ฅ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜์„ ๋‹ด ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์–‘์„ฑ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ. ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ  - ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์šฉ์ด์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์นœํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์šฉ์–ด, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •์ฑ… ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต๋ฒ”์œ„, ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋จ. - ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ, NGO ๋“ฑ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ ์Œ. ์ฆ‰, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์‹ฌ์˜๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์‹ฌ์˜์‹œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณ„์ •๋ณด, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ„์„์ •๋ณด, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜ ์ค€ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์„ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๋„ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ - ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋งˆ๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด(์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ)๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค ๋ช…ํšŒ, ๊ฐ•์ขŒ ๋“ฑ ์ •๋ณด์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ xiii

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ํ•จ. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ ํ•ด ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž๊ฐ€ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ. ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธต, ์‹œ๋ฏผ, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด, ๊ตญํšŒ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž, ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณต๋ฌด์›, ์žฌ์ •์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž ๋“ฑ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ ๋จ. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋Ÿ‰, ๋ณด๊ณ ๋‚ด์šฉ(์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ), ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ, ์ •๋ณด์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ - ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค(governance)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ, ์ œ๋„์ดํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ œ ๋„์šด์šฉ์˜ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž, ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์ž ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‹€ ์„ ๋งํ•จ. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต ๋“ฑ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋จ. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์žฌ์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์˜ ์‹œํ–‰์€ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ ๋‚˜ ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ ์‹์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8> ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์‹ฌ์˜, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€(๋ถ€์ฒ˜) ์ •๋ณด๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž, ์ œ๋„์šด์˜์ฃผ์ฒด ์ •๋ถ€์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž ์ž๋ฌธ, ์ •๋ณด์š”๊ตฌ ๊ตญํšŒ, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์› ์ •๋ณด์š”๊ตฌ์ž, ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž ์ • ๋ณด ์ œ ๊ณต ์ •๋ณด๊ตํ™˜ ์ • ๋ณด ์ œ ๊ณต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€,NGO ์ด๋ก ํ† ๋Œ€ ์ œ๊ณต ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž xiv

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ Abstract A Study on the Effective Implementation of Budget Accounting System Reform: With Focus on Survey Results Keywords:budget accounting system reform, accrual basis and double entry accounting, survey research Background and purpose of research ใ€‡ After the establishment of a basic plan for introduction of double entry bookkeeping to regional governments in early 1999 as well as a pilot and gradual introduction, the accrual basis and double entry accounting system was officially introduced by law in 2007. ใ€‡ In 2009, the central government took steps to introduce the system through the National Accounts Act. ใ€‡ With the provision of meaningful accounting information through financial account reports from regional governments for the 2008 fiscal year, it now is possible and necessary to conduct empirical studies that investigate and analyze the effectiveness of the new system. ใ€‡ This study presents future tasks and policy improvement recommendations through a survey of regional government employees and related personnel who have experience in accrual basis and double entry accounting practices. It also surveys central government accounting managers about the transition to the accrual basis account settlement system, the perceived effectiveness of the system, and analysis of the results in addition to using current status investigations and xv

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration interviews. ใ€‡ This study focuses on identifying factors that affect the successful settlement of the accrual basis and double entry accounting system as well as those that enable the system to yield proper results as key research issues concerning government accounting system reform. These factors can lead to enhanced financial soundness and transparency that in turn can lead to improved efficiency of budget operation, the ultimate goal of the system. ใ€‡ Preceding studies provided economic factors, political factors, and institutional, human resource, and organizational factors as environmental variables affecting the successful introduction of an accrual basis and double entry accounting. Other approaches that deal with reforming the budget accounting system to an accrual basis and double entry accounting system discuss implementation methods, intergovernmental cooperation, institutional factors, and human resource/ organizational factors. Analysis Results xvi ใ€‡ As a result of empirical analysis of budget accounting system reform, there are several important suggestions. First, with regard to general awareness of the accrual basis and double entry accounting system, approximately 70% of regional and central government workers responsible for accounting related duties responded that they knew about the system, displaying a high level of awareness toward the system regardless of central and regional government branches. In regard to the necessity of introducing the accrual basis and double entry accounting system, 68.4% of regional government workers and

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 72.6% of central government workers agreed. These results were confirmed through individual interviews with public workers in charge of accounting related duties. In regard to the method of implementation, a majority of respondents (73.1%) favored gradual introduction starting with regional governments. ใ€‡ Most respondents also agreed on the need for a designated organization, while more than half of those who agreed favored a designated government department organization. In regard to cooperation among government ministries and among members of organizations during the implementation of the system, in both cases only 20% of respondents agreed, indicating a lack of cooperation. In regard to training for enhancing expertise, negative responses were slightly higher than positive ones. 21.5% answered that there had been sufficient training, while 27.2% said that training was insufficient. In particular, regarding utilization of expert workers, only 16.8% agreed that expert workers were utilized properly in contrast to 37.3% who answered otherwise, implying that utilization of expert workers had been insufficient. ใ€‡ Results of an analysis of impact factors regarding the accrual basis and double entry accounting system and their cause effect relationship showed environmental factors to affect the results of the system more than implementation factors. Among environmental factors, legal and institutional factors, designated organizations, and prior training were shown to have higher influence, implying that more focus should be put into these areas for the successful operation of the system. In short, a specific set of guidelines and a dedicated government ministry or organization are required for the successful operation of the system. xvii

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration Training programs for accounting officers, lawmakers, and citizens also were found to be necessary. ใ€‡ AHP analysis of measures for promoting government accounting also confirmed the results of analysis of impact factors and cause effect relationships. Among legal/institutional improvements, strengthening of individual competency, utility of accounting information and systems, and accounting governance, legal/institutional improvement received the highest priority, while strengthening education of citizens received the highest priority when ranked by type. Policy alternatives ใ€‡ Through Structural Equation Modeling analyses, AHP analyses, interviews and other empirical analyses of budget accounting system reform, this study presents as policy alternatives that should be pursued with top priority by the government the following: revision of institutions, in particular the swift provision of detailed guidelines for working level personnel and activation of official/unofficial channels for related training, and establishment of accounting governance through enhancement of the utility of accounting information. Priority should be given to swift establishment and distribution of a set of detailed guidelines to be used by working level personnel. While legal preparations on the basic level such as the National Accounts Act have been completed, progress in providing detailed guidelines for workinglevel personnel has been repeatedly confirmed as unsatisfactory through surveys, interviews with government workers in charge of accounting, and AHP analysis results. xviii

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ใ€‡ Another urgent policy alternative is the establishment of various training programs for enhancing accounting expertise of personnel. Surveys concerning awareness of the budget accounting system showed little difference in awareness between regional and central governments in the case of public workers in charge of accounting duties in comparison to a significant gap for public workers in positions unrelated to accounting, regional assemblymen and civic groups. Interviews revealed that in the case of regional governments, information on account settlement was not being handled properly during regional assembly reviews and that understanding of double entry bookkeeping was low among interested parties such as decisionmaking manager level personnel. In the AHP analysis, the policy alternative that received the most attention and was singled out as the candidate for top priority was improving training programs for citizens. ใ€‡ This paper also proposes the use of online communities as both official and unofficial channels. One success story is the internet community Cadepend, opened by regional government accounting personnel. Further examination of this example is encouraged as it may contribute to the process of promoting the establishment of similar communities. To enhance the utility of accounting information, we have to make accounting information easier to understand and establish an accounting portal site ใ€‡ In addition to official/unofficial training devices, the simplification and clarification of accounting information also must be considered. Most regional governments currently disclose some accounting information through their websites such as financial reports that have xix

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration completed account settlement. However, most existing information is difficult for the general public to understand. This paper proposes that a clear and concise financial report form that includes only a minimum of key figures be set and distributed to government agencies so that concise versions of financial reports may be disclosed alongside existing financial information. ใ€‡ Moreover, a government accounting portal site should be established to enable comparative analysis of financial information for each government agency. The portal site should be open to the general public, and the Government should make efforts to facilitate its Q&A function. xx

์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2 1999๋…„ ์ดˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ ๋ฒ”์šด์˜๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํ™•์‚ฐ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 2007๋…„๋„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ•๋ น์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€๋„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด ์˜๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žฌ์ •์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ํฌ๋‹ค ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž… ์ด์ „์— ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋กœ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ดํ›„์— ๋™ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žฌ์ •์ •๋ณด ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋„์ž…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์ œ๋„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์ž…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€ ๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ•๋ น, ์ง€์นจ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚น ์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ์ž…๋ฒ•, ์กฐ์ง์ •๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ , ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐœ๊ตด ๋“ฑ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„ ์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋„์ž…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ณด์™„์‚ฌํ•ญ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์  ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๊ณผ ์˜ํšŒ์˜์›, ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๋„์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ œ๋„ํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ, ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์ •, ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ œ๋„์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฏธ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์™„์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„  ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฌธ ์ œ์ ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋œ ์ด๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ 1) ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž 4 ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์„ ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๋„์ž…์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‹ค ์ฆ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ „ํ™˜์— ์„ ํ–‰์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์š”์†Œ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜ ๋“œ์‹œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋™ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ˆ˜์š”์ž์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์š”์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ˆ˜์š”์ž ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฑ…์ž„๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํŽธ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์š”์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ตญํšŒ(์˜์›), ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด, NGO, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ„์•ผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ •ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ถ€, ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ทœ๋ชจ, ์žฌ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ ๊ธˆ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ํ–‰์ •์„œ๋น„์Šค์›๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. 2) ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ํ™œ์šฉ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์ดํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ•์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ์ •๋น„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค๋ฌด์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ฐ ์ง€์นจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ • ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ •๋น„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฒ”์ •๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ถ”์ง„ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋‹ด์กฐ ์ง์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์ œ๋„์ถ”์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ •๋น„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ •์ฑ…์ œ๋„์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ์žฌ์ •์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ •์ •๋ณดํ™œ์šฉ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์žฌ์ •ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ฐœ๊ตด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. <ํ‘œ 1-1> ์ •์ฑ…๊ธฐ์—ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฒ•์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ์ž…๋ฒ• ์กฐ์ง์ •๋น„ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ๋„ - ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐœ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๋ฒ•๋ น์˜ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ • - ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์ž์‚ฐ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ฐ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ง€์นจ์˜ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ • - ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์ถ”์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ •๋น„ - ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ค์น˜ - ํšŒ๊ณ„์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐœํŽธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€์ง ๊ฐœํŽธ ๋“ฑ - ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…, ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ฐœ๊ตด - ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์—…, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„, ์žฌ์ •์ •๋ณด ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐœ๊ตด 5

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ๋„์ž…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์ƒ์˜ ์ œ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์ •, ์ œ๋„๋„์ž…์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์š”์ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ค ์ œํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด ๋ก ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜„์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ ์ž‘์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด๋ก ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•œ ํŽธ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. 6

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 2) ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ์ž ๋ฉด๋‹ด์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€๊ณผ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌด ์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์™„์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ์ œ์‹œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์•ž์„œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ๋ฐ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›, ์˜ํšŒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž, ์ง€์—ญ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ 10์—ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋“ค์ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 4) ๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ, ์ œ์ฃผํŠน๋ณ„์ž์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๋„ ๋“ฑ 63๊ฐœ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‹ค์‹œ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ 183๊ฐœ ๋น„์‹œ ๋ฒ”์‹ค์‹œ์ง€์—ญ ๋“ฑ ์ด246๊ฐœ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€(ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ), ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1,189๋ช…์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ฌธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์— ์˜๋ขฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐํŽธ ๋ฐ ํŒฉ์Šค, ์ „ํ™” ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์ฒด 40๊ฐœ ๋ถ€ ์ฒ˜ ์ฒญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ˆ˜์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์šฐํŽธ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 7

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration (1) ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฌด์›, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ํšŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์˜์›, ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ค‘์•™ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋งŒ์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. (2) ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ง‘๋‹จ 8 ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ถ”์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ œ์ฃผํŠน๋ณ„์ž์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๋„ ๋“ฑ 63 ๊ฐœ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‹ค์‹œ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ 183๊ฐœ ๋น„์‹œ๋ฒ”์‹ค์‹œ์ง€์—ญ ๋“ฑ ์ด217๊ฐœ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1,722๋ช…์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์› 1๋ช…, ๋น„ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์› 1๋ช…, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์œ„ ์›ํšŒ ์˜์› 2๋ช…, ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ 1๋ช… ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด 2 ๋ช…์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 7๋ช…์”ฉ ํ• ๋‹นํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์™ธ ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ํ†ตํ•ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Carlin, 2005;Warren & Barnes, 2003). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์€ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์˜ํšŒ์˜์› ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2๋ช…์”ฉ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์ฒด 40๊ฐœ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์ฒญ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ 52๋ช… ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‘œ ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋‹ค์Œ <ํ‘œ 1-2>์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ <ํ‘œ 1-2> ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ณ„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋‹จ ์ฒด ์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์ง€์—ญ (2004๋…„๊ธฐ์ค€) ๋น„์‹œ๋ฒ”์ง€์—ญ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณ„ ํ• ๋‹น* ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ž์น˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด ํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ 1 1 4 4 ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ 6 6 4 24 ๋„ 8 8 4 32 ํŠน๋ณ„์ž์น˜๋„ 1 1 4 4 ์‹œ 19 56 75 4 300 ๊ตฐ 11 75 86 4 344 ๊ตฌ 18 51 69 4 276 ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ** 56 ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด** 97 ์†Œ๊ณ„ 63 183 246 1,040 ์ค‘์•™ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ ๋ถ€ ์ฒ˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜ 40 52 ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ด ๊ณ„ 1,189 * ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ณ„ ํ• ๋‹นํ‘œ๋ณธ์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋‹ด๋‹น๊ณต๋ฌด์› 1๋ช…, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› 1๋ช…, ๊ด€๋ จ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์˜ํšŒ์˜์› 2๋ช…์”ฉ ํ• ๋‹นํ•จ. ** ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•์ธ, ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งก์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์ˆ˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถ•์†Œ๋จ. 5) ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๋ณธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์šฐ์„  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๋ถ„์„, ์‹œ๋ฒ”์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋น„์‹œ๋ฒ”์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„, ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์„ค์ • ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ AHP๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. 9

์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ œ2์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์ œ2์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜• ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์…ˆํ•˜๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์„œ(์‹ ์‹ ์›… ์ด์ˆ˜์˜, 2009:2) ํŠน์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‹ค์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค(์œค์„ฑ์‹ ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜์˜, 1999;์ดํšจ ๊น€ํ—Œ, 2002:23). <ํ‘œ 2-1> ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ธ์‹์‹œ์  ์ธก์ •๋Œ€์ƒ ํŠน ์ง• ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ถœ ์‹œ์  ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์ œ์— ์šฉ์ด ์ˆ˜์ • ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋™์ผ ๋‹จ, ์ถœ๋‚ฉ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋‚ด ์ž…์ถœ๊ธˆ์„ ํฌ ํ•จ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์‹ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ถœ๋‚ฉ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ ์กฐ ์ƒ์ถฉ์šฉ์ œ๋„์— ์ ์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ๋™์ž์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋™๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์‹œ์  ์ด์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น„์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›(์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ž๋ณธ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ํŒŒ์•… ๊ณค๋ž€ 12 ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ •๋ฆฌ * ์ดํšจ ๊น€ํ—Œ(2002)์ด IFAC PSC(1995)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ทŒ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ์ธ์šฉํ•จ.

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜, ์ˆ˜์ •ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ฃผ์˜, ์ˆ˜์ •๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ถœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ธ์‹๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ž์›์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ์‹์‹œ์ ์€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถœ๋‚ฉ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‚ด์˜ ์ž… ์ถœ๊ธˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์  ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์œ ๋™์ž์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋™๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ธ์‹์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ดํšจ ๊น€ํ—Œ, 2002:24). 2. ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ 1) ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„(Governmental Accounting)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์•ž์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ก, ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜, ์š”์•ฝ, ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (์‹ ์‹ ์›… ์ด์ˆ˜์˜, 2009:2). ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์žฌ์ •๋ฒ•, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฒ•, ๊ตญ๊ณ ๊ธˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ๋ฒ•๋ น ๋ฐ ์ œ ๊ทœ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ ๋ก๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ(G&NP) ์กฐ์ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์˜ ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. 1) ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋‘์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •๊ด€ 1) G&NP(government and nonprofit) ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋Š” 1์ •๋ถ€(์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด, ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€, ํŠน๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ), 2๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€(์œ ์น˜์›, ์ดˆ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต), 3๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ง€๊ธฐ๊ด€(๋ณ‘์›, ์•„๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์ ์‹ญ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ), 4์ข…๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ด€(YMCA, ๊ตฌ์„ธ๊ตฐ, ๊ตํšŒ๊ด€๋ จ์กฐ์ง), 5์ž์„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€(์ž์„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์ž์„ ์กฐ์ง), 6์žฌ๋‹จ(๊ต์œก, ์ข…๊ต, ์ž์„  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋‹จ๋ฒ•์ธ) ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. 13

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ, ์ ์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ ์‹œ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์žฌ์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค. G&NP ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์–‘์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์–‘์ž ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–‘์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ํญ๋„“์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ๋งŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฉํ‘œ, ์žฌ์›์˜ ์›์ฒœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์กฐ์ง๋ชฉํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด์ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ G&NP ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์žฌ์›๋ฒ” ์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์žฌํ™” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ G&NP ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฌ์›์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค ์ž์›์„ ํšจ์œจ์  ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋‘์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๋œ ์žฌ์›์€ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž, ์žฌํ™” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํŒ๋งค์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— G&NP ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋“ค ์žฌ์›์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ธ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์›์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ต๋ถ€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ์›์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ข… ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ˆ˜์ต๋„ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ธฐ์ œ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทœ์œจ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, G&NP ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ต ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์ œ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌํ™” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ ์†Œ ๋น„์ž๋งŒ์กฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ธก์ •์ด ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ , ๊ทœ์ œ์ , ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ†ต์ œ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 2) ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 14 ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ ๊ณ„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋„์ž…๋ชฉ์  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์šด์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ด์šฉ์ž(์ฃผ๋ฏผ, ์˜

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž ๋“ฑ)์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์šด์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ผ๋ถ€ G&NP ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ™œ๋™(๊ณต์ต์‹œ์„ค, ๊ณต๊ณต์šด์†ก ๋“ฑ)์ด ์ด์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ด์ต์ธก์ •์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ G&NP ํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์˜ ํš๋“๊ณผ ํ• ๋‹น์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์› ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ ๋…๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ, ์ž์›์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ํ†ต ์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ , ํ–‰์ •์  ๊ทœ์œจ์ด ์‚ฌ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘ ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ(budget)์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์€ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์›๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ, ์šด์˜๋น„, ๊ณ ์ •์ž๋ณธํ˜•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์ถœํ†ต์ œ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์„ , ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์ด์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํŽธ์ต๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ ์ง์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ต์ธก์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜ํƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ…์ž„ (stewardship responsibilities)์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. 3. ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ 1) ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‹œ์ (๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ ์ •์ƒํƒœ(์ž์‚ฐ-๋ถ€์ฑ„-์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ)์™€ ์šด์˜์‹ค์ (์ˆ˜์ต-๋น„์šฉ)์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ 15

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์„ฑ(์ฐจ๋ณ€-๋Œ€๋ณ€)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. 2) ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ (๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์ฐจ๋Œ€์กฐํ‘œ) ์šด์˜์‹ค์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ (๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์†์ต๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ) ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ (๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„ํ‘œ) ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์„ธ์ž… ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ก, ์ด์›”์•ก, ์˜ˆ ๋น„๋น„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์•ก, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ „์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ์•ก ๋ฐ ๋ถˆ์šฉ์•ก ๋“ฑ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ • ๋ถ€์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1 ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜(cash basis)๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ง€์ถœ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌํ™”์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„, ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๊ธˆ, ๋ฏธ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜(accrual basis)๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ถœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธˆ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๊ธˆ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ต, ๋ฏธ์ง€๊ธ‰๋น„์šฉ, ๋ฏธ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ธˆ, ์„  ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ต, ์„ ๊ธ‰๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 3) 16 2) ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋Š” ์„ธ์ž… ์„ธ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋งŒ์„ ๋‹จ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…ํŠน๋ณ„ ํšŒ๊ณ„(์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„, ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„, ๊ณต์˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ 175๊ฐœ)๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๊ธฐ์ดˆ์™€ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ œ๋„๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 3) ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์–‘๊ทน๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„  ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ง€๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค.

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 2 ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋‹จ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ (single entry)๋Š” ํ˜„๊ธˆ, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ, ์ฑ„๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋ฉด๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜ ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ (double entry)๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฐจํ‰ํ˜•์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์™ผ์ชฝ(์ฐจ๋ณ€)๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ(๋Œ€๋ณ€) ์— ์ด์ค‘ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ์ด์ค‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ฃจ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2) ํ˜„ํ–‰ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต ํ˜„ํ–‰ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต, ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์ „์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋น„ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์™ธ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ด ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์ „์— ์ธ์‹ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฏธ์ง€๊ธ‰๋น„์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ ์ง€๊ธ‰๊ธˆ(์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ธˆ์ง€๊ธ‰ ์ด์ „์— ์ž„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ณผ๋ชฉ) ๊ณ„์ • ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„(ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœ์—†๋Š” ์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ๋ชฉ), ๋Œ€์†์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„(ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœ์—†๋Š” ์ž์›๊ฐ์†Œ ์ถ”์ •์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ๋ชฉ) ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณ„์ •์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค(<ํ‘œ2-2> ์ฐธ์กฐ). 17

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration <ํ‘œ 2-2> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๊ธฐ ์ค€ ์˜ˆ ์‚ฐ ํšŒ ๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ธ์‹์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ถœ๋‚ฉํ์‡„๊ธฐํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜, ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ˜„๊ธˆ๋ณ€๋™์‹œ์ (์ˆ˜๋‚ฉ ์ง€์ถœ) ๋‹จ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ก ์žˆ์Œ (1.1 - ๋‹ค์Œ์—ฐ๋„ 2์›” 28์ผ) ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์› ์ค‘์‹ฌ (์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์„ ํฌํ•จ:๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋‚ฉ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ) ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์  ์„ธ์ž…:์ง•์ˆ˜๊ฒฐ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์„ธ์ถœ:๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ก(์ด์ค‘๊ธฐ๋ก) ์—†์Œ (1.1-12.31) ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ์š”์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ž…, ์ง€์ถœ ์ž์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ, ์ˆ˜์ต, ๋น„์šฉ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ/๋ฌผํ’ˆ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์†์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋จ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ๋ณ€๋™๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ฃผ์„, ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ณด์ถฉ์ •๋ณด, ๋ถ€์†๋ช…์„ธ์„œ * ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ:์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ„์ ‘์‹œ์„ค, ์œ ์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ณ„๋„๊ตฌ๋ถ„, ์ž์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ * ์ •๋ถ€์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ:์ด์ต๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋ณ„), ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ž์›์‚ฌ์šฉ๋‚ด์—ญ์„ ์ œ์‹œ(๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„) ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์žฌ๋ฌด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ดํ‰, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ, ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ณด์ถฉ์ •๋ณด, ๋ถ€์†๋ช…์„ธ์„œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ด๊ด„์„ค๋ช…์„œ, ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ, ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์†์„œ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ ๋ฅ˜ ๋‚ด์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(<ํ‘œ2-3> ์ฐธ์กฐ). 18

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ <ํ‘œ 2-3> ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ (์ง€๋ฐฉํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€) 1. ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ดํ‰ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง ์žฌ์ •๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ 1. ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ด๊ด„ ์„ค๋ช…์„œ ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ (์ง€๋ฐฉ์žฌ์ •๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์‹œํ–‰๋ น) 2. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ 3. ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ •๋ณด 4. ๋ถ€์† ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ํ˜„๊ธˆํ๋ฆ„๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ๋ณ€๋™๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ฃผ์„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์š”์•ฝํ‘œ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ณ„ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€๋‚ด์—ญ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜์„ธ์™ธ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ธˆ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๋Œ€์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์ „์ถœ๊ธˆ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐํˆฌ์ž์ฆ๊ถŒ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์œ ํ˜•์ž์‚ฐ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผํŽธ์˜์‹œ์„ค ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋น„์œ ๋™์ž์‚ฐ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์ž…๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์ž… ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ ์ด๊ด„์š”์•ฝ ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ 2. ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ 3. ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์„œ ๋ถ€์†์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์„ธ์ž… ์„ธ์ถœ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒํ˜„์žฌ์•ก๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ฆ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์•ก๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์ฆ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ์•ก ์ด๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒํ™ฉ ์ด๊ด„ ๋“ฑ 14์ข… ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒํ™ฉ ์ด๊ด„ ์ด์ˆ˜์ž… ๋ฐ ์ง€์ถœ์•ก ์ฆ๋ช… ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ ์ด๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋…„๋„ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๋Œ€๋น„ ์žฌ์›๋ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์•ก ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ(์ „๋…„๋Œ€๋น„) ์„ธ์ž…๊ธˆ ๊ฒฐ์†์ฒ˜๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์„ธ์ž…๊ธˆ ๋‹ค์Œ์—ฐ๋„์ด์›”์•ก ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ณ„ ๊ฒฐ์‚ฐํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ง‘ํ–‰์ž”์•ก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ฃผ์š”์‚ฌ์—… ์ถ”์ง„ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์„ธ์ž…์„ธ์ถœ์™ธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์•ก ๋ณด์ฆ์ฑ„๋ฌดํ˜„์žฌ์•ก 3) ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋‹จ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์˜ค๋˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 19

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration 1 ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ์ €๋Ÿ‰์ •๋ณด(์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ, stock)์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ •๋ณด(์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ, flow) ๋ฐ ์–‘์ž ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ž์‚ฐ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ด ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค. 2 ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ํŒŒ์•… ๋‹จํŽธ์  ์ •๋ณด์—์„œ ํฌ๊ด„์  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ ์Œ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„์™€ ๋ณด์œ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ(ํ˜„๊ธˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ ๋™์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์ฃผ ๋น„๊ต๋Œ€์ƒ)์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด€ ์ ์—์„œ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ณด์ฆ์ฑ„๋ฌด, ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ฑ„ ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฐœ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 3 ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ณด์œ  ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์†Œ์œ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์†์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ๊ฐ€์šฉ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ์šด์šฉ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต, ์ˆ˜ํƒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ, ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์†Œ์œ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ํŒŒ์•…๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ต์ผ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. 20 4 ๋น„์šฉ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ธก์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์ถ• ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ธ์‹, ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋น„์˜ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์›๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ ๊ณผ ์›๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด(์˜ˆ:๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ฐ๋น„)๋ฅผ ์ •๋ถ€ํ™œ๋™๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ณ„์ •๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋Œ€๋น„์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„ ๋กœ ์ˆœ์›๊ฐ€(net cost)๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์ง„๋‹ค. 5 ํ†ตํ•ฉ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜์ œ๋„์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…ํŠน๋ณ„ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ๊ณ„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ํŠน๋ณ„ํšŒ๊ณ„, ๊ธฐ๊ธˆํšŒ๊ณ„, ๊ธฐ์—…ํŠน๋ณ„ํšŒ ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ์›์น™์„ ํ†ต์ผ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์šด์˜์‹ค์ ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜์ด ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. 6 ๊ฒฝ์˜์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ธ์‹์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์ž…์ค‘์‹ฌ, ํ†ต์ œ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์šด์˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์žฌ์ • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—…๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์˜ ์ ์‹ค์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ณต๊ฐœ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์˜ ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ •์ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๋ฌธ๊ด‘๋ฏผ & ์ž„๋™์™„, 2007;์ž„์„ฑ์ผ, 2001;Ouda, 2008;Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios, 2007;Pessina & Steccolini, 2007;Carsin, 2005). ์ด๋“ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ •์ฐฉ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์„ฑ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹ ๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 21

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration 1. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ƒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1) ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ด€ ๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ์ •์น˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ์ œ๋„์  ์ธก๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์ธ์  ์กฐ ์ง์  ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์œค์„ฑ์‹ ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜์˜, 1998;๋ฐฐ๋“์ข…, 2001; ์ž„์„ฑ์ผ, 2001;์œค์˜์ง„, 2002;๊น€ํ˜, 2003;๊น€์žฌํ›ˆ, 2003;, ์ด์œค์žฌ, 2003;, Ouda, 2004; Ouda, 2008). (1) ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋“ ์ง€, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ • ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์™ธ์›์กฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ Ouda์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์„์œ ํŒŒ๋™์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ IMF ๊ตฌ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์žฌ์ •๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ (Ouda, 2008:93), ์ดํ›„ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ, ์˜๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œต์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์œ ์ธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Torres, 2004:455:๊น€์žฌํ›ˆ ๋ฐ•๊ด‘ ํ›ˆ, 1999;์ด๋‚จ๊ตญ, 2003;์ž„๋™์™„, 2007;141). (2) ์ •์น˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด 22 ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ ๊ทน์  ๋„์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค๋กœ์„œ

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ธ์‹, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์  ์ธ์‹, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€์Œ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊น€์žฌํ›ˆ, 2003:25;Ouda, 2008:111;์ž„๋™์™„, 2007:142). ๊น€์žฌํ›ˆ(2003:25)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์„ ์†Œ ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ๋ถ„๊ถŒํ™”์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€์Œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด๋“ค ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ ์ง์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ–‰์ •๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„๊ถŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ถŒ์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ†ต์ œ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์˜€์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Ouda(2008)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ์ •์น˜์  ์ฐจ์›์— ์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์ผํ™˜์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์  ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๋ถ€ํŒจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ์ •์Šค์บ”๋“ค, ๊ฒฝ ์žฌ์  ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (3) ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ธก๋ฉด:๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์ธ์  ์กฐ์ง์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ธ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€ ๋ จ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ž๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ • ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์™„๋น„์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ „๋‹ด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ž„๋™์™„, 2007;Ouda, 2008). 2) ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ƒ์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๊ณผ์ •, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด, ์ „๋‹ด ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios, 2007;์ž„์„ฑ์ผ ์ดํšจ, 2008; 23

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์‹ ํฅ์ฒ , 2008;Ouda, 2008). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ฐฉ์‹, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ, ์ œ๋„๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์ธ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. (1) ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ ์ธก๋ฉด Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios(2007)๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž… ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” 1996๋…„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต ๊ณผ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ™œ ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์š”์ธ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›๋ถ€์กฑ, ์ •๋ณด์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์—…๋ฌด์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ถ€์กฑ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ ์–ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ๋“ฑ ์ „์‚ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜๊ณผ์ •์ƒ์˜ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„, ์กฐ์ง ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (2) ์ œ๋„์ธก๋ฉด 24 ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ํ˜„ํ–‰์ œ๋„์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์—ญ ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์ž„์„ฑ์ผ ์ดํšจ, 2008:50-51;์‹ ํฅ์ฒ , 2008:56-58). ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์ •์„ ์œ„ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฌธ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ FASAB(Federal Accounting Standards Adviosry Board)๋ฅผ 1991๋…„ ์„ค๋ฆฝ ํ•œ ํ›„ 1997๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ค€(๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ค€) ๋ฐ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ์ •์ฐฉ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (์œ ๊ฒฝ์—ฐ, ์ •์˜๊ธฐ, 2007:108). ์ œ๋„์ „ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ  ์„œ, ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜, ์ž์‚ฐ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ต ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ์ค€, ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„์šฉํŽธ์ต๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(๊ฐ•์ธ์žฌ ์‹ ์ข…๋ ฌ ๋ฐฐ

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋“์ข…, 2003;๊น€ํ˜ ์ด๋ณ‘์ฒ  ์ „์ค‘๋ ฌ ์ตœ์‹ ์žฌ, 2004;์‹ฌ์žฌ์˜, 2007;์ด๊ฒฝ์„ญ, 2007;๊น€๊ฒฝ ํ˜ธ ๊น€ํ˜ ์ด๋ณ‘์ฒ  ์ „์ค‘๋ ฌ, 2007) 4). (3) ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ์ธ์  ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹น ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค ์ „๋‹ด๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์ž„๋™์™„ (2007:142)์€ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ณต์ธํšŒ๊ณ„์‚ฌํ˜‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ด์— ์† ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‚˜ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์•™์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์˜ํšŒ, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ฐ์‚ฌ์› ๋“ฑ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, Paulsson(2006:58)์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์šด์˜์€ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋ฐ ํ•™ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์›์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊น€๋™์™„(2003:11-12)์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ค๋ฌด๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์œ„ํšŒ ์œ„์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. Warren & Barnes(2003:37-38)๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์žˆ ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ(leader)๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 4) ๊ฐ•์ธ์žฌ, ์‹ ์ข…๋ ฌ, ๋ฐฐ๋“์ข… 2003 ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •ํ•™๋ณด ์ œ37๊ถŒ ์ œ1ํ˜ธ(ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •ํ•™ํšŒ) ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ํŽธ์ต๋ถ„์„:๊น€ํ˜, ์ด๋ณ‘์ฒ , ์ „์ค‘๋ ฌ, ์ตœ์‹ ์žฌ 2004 ์•Œ๊ธฐ์‰ฌ์šด ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„(์‹ ์˜์‚ฌ):์‹ฌ์žฌ์˜ 2007 ํ•™์ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐฉ์†กํ†ต์‹  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต) ์•ต๊ธ€๋กœ์ƒ‰์Šจ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋น„๊ต:์ด๊ฒฝ์„ญ 2007 ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„(์˜ํ™”์กฐ์„ธํ†ต๋žŒ):๊น€๊ฒฝํ˜ธ, ๊น€ํ˜, ์ด๋ณ‘์ฒ , ์ „์ค‘๋ ฌ 2007 ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„(์‹ ์˜์‚ฌ) ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ. 25

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration 2. ์ œ๋„์šด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ 26 ์ œ๋„์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์šด์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์€ ํŽธ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ ์„  ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ (Warren & Barnes, 2003;Hassen, 2004;Torres, 2004;Hassen, 2008), ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 2002๋…„ ์ „๊ตญ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ „ ๋ถ€์„œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฒœ์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(์„œํšจ์›, 2005;์กฐ์—ฐ์ฃผ, 2005;์‹ ํฅ์ฒ , 2008;์ž„์„ฑ์ผ, 2008). ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€ ์ฑ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค(๋ฌธ๊ด‘๋ฏผ ์ž„๋™์™„, 2007). ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์—† ์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋‚ด์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์ถœ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ •๋„, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์ถœ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Warren & Barnes, 2003;Carlin, 2005;๋ฌธ๊ด‘๋ฏผ ์ž„๋™์™„, 2007). ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ Warren & Barnes๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ •์ฑ…์ •๋ณด๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณ  ์œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค(Warren & Barnes, 2003:37). ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ ์‚ฐ์ง€์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 1998๋…„๋‹น์‹œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋˜ ๊ต์œก์ง€์ถœ(16.50%)์ด 2001๋…„์—๋Š” 25% ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€์ธ ๋ ฅ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” 1999๋…„๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ 2001๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜ ์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Carlin, 2005).

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ <ํ‘œ 2-4> ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…์ดํ›„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณ€ํ™” : ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„์ฃผ (๋‹จ์œ„:%) ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ 1998 1999 2000 2001 ๊ต์œก 16.50 18.48 19.95 20.70 ์ธ๋ ฅ 9.50 11.60 9.60 8.50 ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 25.08 20.14 7.80 8.60 ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• 19.14 31.69 16.91 17.03 ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค 51.73 22.18 54.65 38.10 ์ง€์—ญ๋ฐœ์ „ 52.51 71.60 44.89 57.24 ๋‚ด๊ฐ์šด์˜ 11.93 25.18 26.49 11.49 * Carsin(2005). p. 322. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„์ด ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต ์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€ ๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋น„๊ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๊ด‘๋ฏผ ์ž„๋™์™„(2007)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๊ด‘๋ฏผ ์ž„๋™์™„ (2007:46)์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•ด๋‹น๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์ •๋‹น์˜ ์ด๋…์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์น˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋„, ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉํ•˜์—์„œ ์–‘์ž ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ Ouda(2004, 2008)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐ ์ง‘ํ–‰, ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ(Economy), ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ(Efficiency), ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ(Effectiveness) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ(Equity)์„ 4E๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 27

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-1> Ouda(2008)์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜๋ชจ๋ธ ์ž๊ทน ์žฌ์ •๋ฌธ์ œ ์žฌ์ •์Šค์บ”๋“ค ๋ถ€ํŒจ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ง€ํ–ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ธ์‹ (์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ) ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฒฐ์ • ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ธ์‹ (์ •๋ถ€๊ฐœํ˜์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ) ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™” / ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐœํ˜ ์žฌ์ •๊ฐœํ˜ / ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„นํ„ฐ๊ฐœํ˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์ง‘ํ–‰:์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ ํ† ๋Œ€ ์ •์น˜๋ฐ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ง€์ง€ / ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต / ๊ฐœํ˜๋น„์šฉ / ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜์ง€ ์ž๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ • / ์ „๋ฌธ์  ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ง€์ง€ / ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  / ๊ตญ์ œ์žฌ์ •์ง€์› ๊ฐœํ˜์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ:๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ, ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์„ฑ, ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ, ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ(4E) ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒ:Ouda(2008). p.112. ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 28 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-2>์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฆ‰, ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ฐจ์›, ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฐจ์›, ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ

KIPA ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ 09-23 ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ:์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •๊ฑด ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›๋ณ„ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ฐจ์›:ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์„œ๋Š” ์ด 5๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ฆ‰, ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์ธ์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์กฐ์ง์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณต์‹๋ถ€๊ธฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ ๋„์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹, ์ธ์ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹, ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด, ์กฐ์ง์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋‹ด์กฐ์ง ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค ๋งŒ, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด ์š” ์ธ์ธ ์žฌ์ •์œ„๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์š”์ฒญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ณธ ์กฐ ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์ด ํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์™ธ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์š”์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ง‘ํ–‰๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„, ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ์™€ ๋ถ€์„œ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ์ •๋„๋ฅผ, ์ธ์ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑํ™•๋ณด, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ œ๋„์ธก ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ์ฐจ์› ์ œ๋„์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ •์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์žฌ์ •์šด์˜ํ˜„ ํ™ฉ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„ํšจ๊ณผ์ฐจ์›์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›๋ณ„ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 29

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration 3. ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ด์ƒ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์› ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ œ๋„์  ์ •๋น„, ๊ฐœ์ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”, ํšŒ๊ณ„์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ์ œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ™•๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. <๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-2> ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 30

์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š”์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ2์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

K I P A The Korea Institute of Public Administration ์ œ3์žฅ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์š”์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 1. ๊ฐœ ๊ด€ 32 ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜์€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ™์ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํŠน ํžˆ ์‹ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ด€๋ฆฌ(NPM:New Public Management)์— ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ(๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ์›๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ–‰์ •์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ น๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ ์ค€ ์ค€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ค‘์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ณด๊ณ ์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฑ…์ž„ ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœํ˜์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, <ํ‘œ 3-1>์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ๊ธฐ, ํšŒ๊ณ„๊ธฐ ์ค€์˜ ์ œ์ •๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋„์ž…์€ ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ์ง„ ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๋„์ž…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ถ€ํšŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฒ”๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์šด์˜(pilot project) ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ/ํšŒ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ • ํ™˜ ๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ž… ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.