대한지역사회영양학회지 26(2): 93~102, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.2.93 ISSN 1226-0983 (print) / 2287-1624 (on-line) RESEARCH ARTICLE 20 세이상성인의먹방시청시간에따른식행동비교연구 남하얀 1) 정복미 2) 전남대학교교육대학원영양교육전공, 석사졸업생, 전남대학교식품영양과학부, 교수 A Comparative Study of the Dietary Behavior of Adults Aged 20 and Over according to the Mukbang Viewing Time Ha-Yan Nam 1), Bok-Mi Jung 2) Master s graduate, Major in Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea Professor, Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea Corresponding author Bok-Mi Jung Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea Tel: +82-62-530-1353 Fax: +82-62-530-1339 E-mail: jbm@jnu.ac.kr Received: February 25, 2021 Revised: April 28, 2021 Accepted: April 29, 2021 ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between watching mukbang (eating broadcasts) and dietary and health behavior in adults who watch mukbang. Methods: The questionnaire was administered on a self-written basis through online and offline formats to 800 adults (400 men and 400 women). The contents of the survey consisted of general characteristics, mukbang viewing time per week, breakfast intake frequency, preference for menus when viewing mukbang, delivery food intake frequency per week, late meal intake frequency per week, and health behavior. The subjects were divided into three groups according to mukbang viewing time. Results: The body weight of viewers was significantly higher when mukbang viewing time was over 14 hours for both men and women. In particular, based on the BMI (body mass index), those who watched mukbang for more than 14 hours were found to be overweight. People with more than 14 hours of mukbang viewing time per week were found to prefer mostly carbohydrate-rich food and meat, while those with less than 7 hours of mukbang viewing time per week showed a higher preference for vegetables and fruits. An analysis of the frequency of breakfast eaten showed that the rate of skipping breakfast was the highest for those who watched mukbang for more than 14 hours per week, and the rate of eating breakfast daily was the highest in the case of fewer than 7 hours of viewing. In the case of high mukbang viewing time per week, the frequency of food delivery and night eating was high. When mukbang viewing time was high, the viewer s interest in health was low and the frequency of exercising too was low. Conclusions: Viewers with high mukbang viewing time showed undesirable health and eating behavior. Thus, it is believed that proper nutrition education on improving eating habits and raising the awareness of correct eating habits is necessary for such viewers. Korean J Community Nutr 26(2): 93~102, 2021 KEY WORDS mukbang viewing time, adult, body mass index, dietary behavior, health behavior. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 93
94 성인의먹방시청시간에따른식행동비교 서 먹방이란먹는다는뜻의 먹 과방송의 방 이합쳐진신조어다 [1]. 먹방의기원은 2009 년인터넷개인방송사이트인아프리카 TV에서활동을한 BJ (Broadcasting Jockey) 의치킨먹는모습이방송에노출되면서최초로시작되었다 [2]. 이후일부마니아층을중심으로형성되었던먹방프로그램이 2014년에는대중적인인기를끌게되면서먹방이라는신조어를탄생시켰지만 [3] 먹방에대한학술적개념정의가아직까지명확히제시되지않은상태이다. 먹방은음식을주제로하기때문에먹방을시청하는사람들의음식선택, 섭취량등에영향을미쳐비만으로연결될수있다. 먹방이대중에게확산된이유를언론과미디어학계에서는사회적고독감을달래주는수단으로, 사회가변화함에따라식사형태가가족과함께하는집단적성격에서 1인가구위주의개인적성격을띠게되면서발생하는현대인의외로움을달래기위함이라고해석했다 [4]. 미국의경우 TV나컴퓨터, 소셜미디어등에노출된시간이높을수록비만, 제 2형당뇨등의유병률이높아진다는연구결과 [5] 도있으며, 젊은성인을대상으로한연구에서소셜미디어를자주, 오래이용할수록비만과관련된식습관문제가발생할확률이높았음을시사하였다 [6]. 한국의경우비만청소년들을대상으로한식습관과우울성에관한연구 [7], 자녀의과체중과부모의 TV 시청시간과의관련성연구 [8, 9] 가이루어졌을뿐성인을대상으로비만과 TV 시청시간과의관계성에대한연구는수행되지않았다. 먹방시청은일부시청자들에게는대리만족효과를부를뿐식욕에는큰영향을미치지않는다는상반된연구결과 [10] 도있으며, 먹방프로그램을시청할경우바람직하지못한소비패턴과비교적좋지않은식습관을형성할가능성이높고비만도나정서적인부분에부정적인영향을미칠수있다는보고 [11] 도있으므로먹방시청이식행동변화에영향을미치는지에대한더많은연구가이루어질필요성이있다. 보건복지부 질병관리청 [12] 에서발표한 2019년제8 기 1차년도국민건강영양조사결과 에따르면만19세이상성인남성의비만유병률은 2010년 36.4%, 2015년 39.7%, 2019년 41.8% 로보고되었으며, 만19세이상성인여성의비만유병률은 2010 년 24.8%, 2015년 25.9%, 2019 년 25.0% 로보고되어여성에비해남성비만율이더높게상승하고있다. 마찬가지로 2017 년경제협력개발기구 (OECD) 발표에의하면한국의고도비만율이 2015년에는 5.3% 에서 2030년에는 9% 대로현재의 2배수준에이를것 론 이라전망하였다 [13]. 이처럼비만은전세계적으로점차증가하고있는추세이며, 이는실제적인보건의료및사회적비용과관련이되기때문에대책마련이필요하다 [14]. 2018 년보건복지부 [15] 에서는 국민건강증진정책심의위원회 를개최해교육부등 9개관계부처합동으로 국가비만관리종합대책 (2018~2022) 을발표했다. 이대책에대한궁극적인목표는폭식조작미디어 (TV, 인터넷방송포함 ), 광고 에대한가이드라인을개발하고모니터링체계를구축해비만율을낮추자는것으로정부에서폭식조장미디어로규정해 TV나인터넷방송의음식프로그램을비만급증원인으로단정함에따라먹방규제계획에대한논란이있었다. 이러한논의들은먹방시청이시청자들의실제생활에어떤영향을미치는지를탐구할필요성을제기한다. 현재매스컴을통하여많은먹방프로그램이방영되고있으며이와관련된선행연구로는먹방시청경험에대한해석적연구 [4], 먹방유행의사회문화적배경 [11], 먹방이용동기및시청시간과시청만족도와의관계에대한연구 [16-19], 먹방시청이일상생활에미치는부정적효과에관한연구 [20], 먹방과관련된시청형태연구 [21], 아프리카 TV 먹방컨텐츠가시청자들에게미치는영향에관한연구 [22], 대중에게먹방이인기있는요인분석연구 [23] 등이있으며, 최근청소년을대상으로먹방과쿡방시청과식습관과의관련성 [24] 이보고되었다. 이들연구들은주로먹방열풍현상의원인, 시청동기등사회문화적배경에대한연구들로먹방시청이실제로시청자들의식행동이나비만등에미치는영향에관한연구는최근의청소년을대상으로한연구만있을뿐성인을대상으로한연구는거의이루어지지않은실정이다. 그러므로본연구는먹방시청경험이있는성인남녀 800 명을대상으로설문조사를통하여먹방시청시간을조사하고먹방시청시간이식행동과상관성이있는지를알아보고 먹방시청자들에게미치는영향에대처하기위한프로그램개발및비만문제를해결하기위한기초자료를제공하고자하였다. 연구내용및방법 1. 조사대상및기간본연구는먹방시청경험이있는성인남녀 800명을성별과연령을기준으로한할당층화표본추출법을통해남녀각각 400명씩, 20대에서 50대연령별로각각 100명씩할당하여샘플수를균등하게배분하여조사하였다. 2019 년 7 월 17일 ~8월 16일까지진행하였고, 조사방식은온라인과오프라인을병행하여실시하였다. 온라인조사는 506명, 오
남하얀 정복미 95 프라인조사는 303명이었으며, 지역별로는호남지역 542 명, 서울경기지역 152명, 경상지역 81명, 충청지역 20명, 강원지역 5명이었고, 최종회수된 809부중불완전한설문지 9부를제외하고 800부를통계처리에이용하였다. 본연구는전남대학교생명윤리위원회의승인을받아수행하였다 (IRB-1040198-190320-HR-015-01). 2. 조사방법및내용 1) 조사방법먹방이용동기및시청시간과시청만족도와의관계에대한연구 [16-19] 등의선행연구등을통해설문지를개발하였고, G광역시에거주하는성인남녀 50명을대상으로 2019년 5월 21일 ~31일까지예비설문조사를실시하여설문내용을수정 보완한후최종적으로설문지가완성되었다. 온라인조사의경우구글의설문조사사이트를이용해설문지를업로드한후, 참여자의동의를얻은후조사된자료를수집하였다. 오프라인조사인경우는주로 G지역에거주하는성인들을대상으로설문지를배포하여연구자들의동의를받은후자기기입식으로작성한후직접회수하였다. 2) 조사내용 (1) 일반적특성조사대상자들의일반적특성은성별, 연령, 직업, 가족구성원수, 가구소득수준등을조사하였다. 연령은명목형척도로분류하였고, 소득수준의경우서열척도를이용하여월 100만원미만, 100~300만원미만, 300~500만원미만, 500만원이상으로분류하였다. 주당먹방시청시간은하루평균시청시간을 1시간, 2시간, 3시간으로하였을때이를주당으로환산하여주당 7시간미만, 7~14시간, 14시간이상의 3군으로분류하였다. (2) 신체적특성조사대상자들의체질량지수는설문지에기재된체중과신장을이용하여체중 (kg) 을신장 (m) 의제곱으로나누어계산하였다. (3) 식행동조사식행동조사에서메뉴에대한기호도는한국영양학회-영양정보위원회 [25] 에서제공한음식분류체계를이용하였고, 밥류, 면류, 빵류, 떡류, 육류, 채소류, 과일류, 음료및주류, 스낵류, 면을제외한분식류등 10가지범주로분류하였다. 기호도는리커트척도를응용하여각메뉴에대해 5점척도법을이용해 매우좋아한다 를 5점, 좋아한다 를 4점, 보통이다 를 3점, 싫어한다 를 2점, 매우싫어한다 를 1점으로하여기호도조사를실시하였다. 아침식사빈도와배달음식주문빈도, 야식섭취빈도도일주일을기준으로주 0회, 주 1~2회, 주 3~4회, 주 5~6회, 주 7회로나누어조 사하였다. (4) 건강행태조사건강행태는주관적체형인식, 체중조절여부, 건강에관한관심도, 운동횟수등 4개의문항으로조사하였다. 주관적체형인식은매우마른편과마른편을묶어마른편으로, 통통한편과매우통통한편을묶어통통한편으로재분류하여마른편, 보통, 통통한편으로분류하였다. 체중조절경험은있다, 없다로조사하였으며, 건강에대한관심도는높다, 보통이다, 낮다, 운동횟수는매일, 때때로, 거의하지않는다로조사하였다. 3. 통계처리본조사결과는 IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 (IBM SPSS INC, Armonk, NY, USA) 을이용하여조사대상자들의먹방시청시간에따른일반사항은빈도와백분율을구하였고교차분석을실시하였다. 조사대상자들의신장과체중, 체질량지수, 메뉴기호도는평균과표준편차를구하였고, 주당시청시간에따라나눈군간별비교를위해일원분산분석후던칸의다중범위검정을실시하여군간평균차이의유의성을분석하였다. 특히신체특성과메뉴기호도는성별을제외한일반사항에대한영향을보정하고자공분산분석을실시하였다. 이모델에서일반사항의연령, 직업, 가족구성원수, 가계소득수준을공변량으로처리하였다. 모든자료의통계적유의성은 P < 0.05를기준으로검정하였다. 결 1. 일반적특성먹방시청시간에따른조사대상자들의일반사항은 Table 1에나타내었다. 먹방프로그램의주당시청시간은 7시간미만이 318명 (39.7%) 으로가장높았으며, 7시간이상 14 시간미만과 14시간이상이각각 241명 (30.1%) 으로나타났다. 연령의경우 20-30 대까지는 14시간미만보다 14시간이상에서높게나타났으며, 50대이상에서는 14시간미만이 14시간이상보다높게나타나연령에따른유의적인 (P < 0.001) 차이를보였다. 직업별로보면전문직, 공무원, 일반직의경우는먹방시청시간이대체로낮은데비해학생, 주부, 파트타임, 무직인경우대체로시청시간이높게나타 과
96 성인의먹방시청시간에따른식행동비교 Table 1. General characteristics of subjects according to mukbang viewing time Characteristics < 7 (n=318) mukbang viewing time (hour/week) 7 ~ < 14 14 Total (n = 800) P-value 1) Gender Male 147 (46.2) 135 (56.0) 118 (50.6) 400 (50.0) 0.067 Female 171 (53.8) 106 (44.0) 123 (51.0) 400 (50.0) Age (years) 20 ~ 29 68 (21.4) 61 (25.3) 71 (29.5) 200 (25.0) < 0.001 30 ~ 39 62 (19.5) 60 (24.9) 78 (32.4) 200 (25.0) 40 ~ 49 80 (25.1) 56 (23.2) 64 (26.6) 200 (25.0) 50 108 (34.0) 64 (26.6) 28 (11.6) 200 (25.0) Job Public official 86 (27.0) 56 (23.2) 38 (15.8) 180 (22.5) < 0.001 Professional 35 (11.0) 5 (62.1) 8 (63.3) 48 (66.0) Office 118 (37.1) 101 (41.9) 79 (32.8) 298 (37.3) Self-employed business 21 (66.6) 31 (12.9) 8 (63.3) 60 (67.5) Student 33 (10.4) 30 (12.5) 45 (18.7) 108 (13.5) Full-time housewife 12 (63.8) 10 (64.1) 22 (69.1) 44 (65.5) Part-time job 6 (61.9) 1 (60.4) 18 (67.5) 25 (63.1) No job 7 (62.2) 7 (62.9) 23 (69.5) 37 (64.6) Family member (person) 1 33 (10.4) 31 (12.9) 115 (47.7) 179 (22.4) < 0.001 2 53 (16.7) 44 (18.2) 48 (19.9) 145 (18.1) 3 67 (21.0) 51 (21.2) 28 (11.6) 146 (18.3) 4 131 (41.2) 106 (44.0) 40 (16.6) 277 (34.6) 5 34 (10.7) 9 (63.7) 10 (64.1) 53 (66.6) Household income level (1,000 won) < 1,000 51 (16.0) 24 (10.0) 94 (39.0) 169 (21.1) < 0.001 1,000 ~ < 3,000 106 (33.4) 127 (52.7) 111 (46.1) 344 (43.0) 3,000 ~ < 5,000 105 (33.0) 84 (34.8) 34 (14.1) 223 (27.9) 5,000 56 (17.6) 6 (62.5) 2 (60.8) 64 (68.0) n (%) 1) P-values were determined by chi-square test. 나유의적인 (P < 0.001) 차이를나타냈다. 가족구성원의경우먹방시청시간이높은군에서 1인가구가차지하는비율이가장높았다. 월가계소득수준은 300만원이하가 300 만원이상보다시청시간이유의적으로 (P < 0.001) 높았다. 2. 신체적특성조사대상자들의주당먹방시청시간에따른신체적특성에대한결과는 Table 2와같다. 평균신장은남성 171.8 cm, 여성 161.0 cm로시청시간에따른유의적인차이는없었다. 체중은남녀모두주당먹방시청시간 14시간미만보다 14시간이상에서유의적으로 (P < 0.001) 높게나타났다. 평균체질량지수는남성 23.0 kg/m 5, 여성 22.1 kg/ m 5 로세계보건기구에서제시한아시아 -태평양체질량지수 기준 [26] 에따라남성은과체중, 여성은정상범위에해당하였다. 그러나남성의경우주당먹방시청시간 7~14시간미만의경우 23.2 kg/m 5 로나타났고, 14시간이상에서는 24.4 kg/m 5 인과체중에해당하였다 (P < 0.001). 여성의경우에는주당먹방시청시간 14시간미만의경우정상범위에속하였고, 14시간이상의경우 24.1 kg/m 5 인과체중으로나타났다 (P < 0.001). 3. 식행동 1) 메뉴기호도주당먹방시청시간에따른메뉴기호도는 Table 3에제시하였다. 밥류, 면류, 빵류, 면을제외한분식류, 육류는먹방시청 14시간이상이 14시간미만에비해유의적으로 (P
남하얀 정복미 97 Table 2. Physical characteristics of subjects according to mukbang viewing time Characteristics < 7 (n = 318) mukbang viewing time (hour/week) 7 ~ < 14 14 Total (n = 800) P-value 1) Height (cm) Male 172.5 ± 6.2 170.9 ± 5.8 171.9 ± 6.6 171.8 ± 6.2 0.114 Female 161.1 ± 5.7 161.7 ± 5.6 160.3 ± 5.2 161.0 ± 5.5 0.164 Weight (kg) Male 664.5 ± 5.5 c 667.8 ± 4.6 b 672.2 ± 7.1 a 667.9 ± 6.6 < 0.001 Female 653.3 ± 4.3 c 658.4 ± 4.2 b 661.9 ± 5.2 a 657.3 ± 5.9 < 0.001 BMI 2) (kg/m 2 ) Male 621.6 ± 1.0 c 623.2 ± 0.7 b 624.4 ± 1.3 a 623.0 ± 1.5 < 0.001 Female 620.5 ± 1.3 c 622.3 ± 0.8 b 624.1 ± 1.4 a 622.1 ± 1.9 < 0.001 Mean ± SD 1) P-values were adjusted for age, job, family member and household income level by analysis of covarience. 2) Body Mass Index Table 3. Preference score of menu according to mukbang viewing time Menu < 7 (n = 318) mukbang viewing time (hour/week) 7 ~ < 14 14 Total (n = 800) P value 1) Boiled rice 3.7 ± 1.0 b2) 3.9 ± 0.9 a 4.0 ± 0.8 a 3.9 ± 0.9 0.012 Noodle 3.7 ± 1.0 c 4.0 ± 0.9 b 4.1 ± 1.1 a 3.9 ± 1.0 < 0.001 Breads 3.5 ± 1.1 b 3.6 ± 1.3 b 3.9 ± 1.1 a 3.7 ± 1.2 < 0.001 Rice cakes 3.3 ± 1.0 3.3 ± 1.3 3.4 ± 1.2 3.3 ± 1.2 0.285 Meats 3.9 ± 1.0 b 4.0 ± 1.1 b 4.2 ± 1.0 a 4.0 ± 1.0 < 0.001 Vegetables 3.3 ± 1.0 a 3.1 ± 1.2 b 2.5 ± 1.3 c 3.0 ± 1.2 < 0.001 Fruits 3.7 ± 1.0 a 3.5 ± 1.2 b 3.3 ± 1.3 b 3.5 ± 1.2 0.010 Drinks & alcohols 3.2 ± 1.0 3.2 ± 1.2 3.3 ± 1.4 3.2 ± 1.2 0.553 Confectionery 2.9 ± 1.1 c 3.2 ± 1.2 b 3.7 ± 1.3 a 3.2 ± 1.2 < 0.001 Snacks food (tteok-bokki, sundae) 3.4 ± 1.0 b 3.5 ± 1.2 b 4.0 ± 1.2 a 3.6 ± 1.2 < 0.001 Mean ± SD, 5-point scale was from 1 (extremely dislike) to 5 (extremely like). 1) P-values were adjusted for age, job, family member and household income level by analysis of covarience. 2) Different superscripts in the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test. < 0.001) 높게나타난반면채소류는먹방시청 14시간미만이 14시간이상에비해유의적으로 (P < 0.001) 높게나타났다. 과일류의경우먹방시청 14시간미만이 14시간이상에비해유의적으로 (P < 0.01) 높게나타났으며, 과자류의경우먹방시청 14시간이상이 14시간미만에비해유의적으로 (P < 0.001) 높게나타났다. 2) 아침식사빈도, 배달음식섭취빈도및야식섭취빈도주당먹방시청시간에따른아침식사, 배달음식섭취및야식섭취빈도에대한결과는 Table 4와같다. 아침식사빈도의경우 14시간이상에서주 0회응답이 41.1% 로가장높았다. 7~14 시간미만과 14시간이상에서주 1~2회아침식사를하는비율이유의적으로 (P < 0.001) 높게나타났 고, 아침식사를매일하는비율은 7시간미만에서 25.5% 로가장높게나타났다. 주당배달음식주문빈도는먹방시청시간 7시간미만의경우가가장낮은반면, 시청시간 14 시간이상에서는주 5~7회가가장높게나타났다 (P < 0.001). 야식섭취빈도는주당먹방시청시간이 7시간미만군에서주 2회이하로응답한비율이가장높게나타난반면주당 14시간이상인경우는주 5회이상이가장높게나타나유의적인 (P < 0.001) 차이를나타냈다. 4. 건강행태조사대상자들의먹방시청시간에따른건강행태에대한결과는 Table 5에나타내었다, 주당 7시간미만의경우주관적체형인식이보통 (49.7%), 비만 (28.3%), 마름 (22.0%) 순으로높게나타났고, 주관적으로인식하는본인의체형을
98 성인의먹방시청시간에따른식행동비교 Table 4. Subjects' eating frequency of breakfast, delivery food, and night eating according to mukbang viewing time Eating frequency < 7 (n = 318) mukbang viewing time (hour/week) 7 ~ < 14 14 Total (n = 800) P-value 1) Breakfast 0 times/week 60 (18.9) 44 (18.3) 99 (41.1) 203 (25.4) < 0.001 1 ~ 2 times/week 59 (18.6) 60 (24.9) 64 (26.6) 183 (22.9) 3 ~ 4 times/week 68 (21.4) 50 (20.7) 45 (18.7) 163 (20.4) 5 ~ 6 times/week 50 (15.7) 57 (23.7) 17 (67.1) 124 (15.5) Once a day 81 (25.5) 30 (12.4) 16 (66.6) 127 (15.9) Delivery food 0 times/week 88 (27.7) 7 (62.9) 5 (62.1) 100 (12.5) < 0.001 1 ~ 2 times/week 177 (55.7) 104 (43.2) 51 (21.2) 332 (41.5) 3 ~ 4 times/week 44 (13.8) 100 (41.5) 62 (25.7) 206 (25.8) 5 ~ 6 times/week 9 (62.8) 28 (11.6) 66 (27.4) 103 (12.9) Once a day 0 (60.0) 2 (60.8) 57 (23.7) 59 (67.4) Night eating 0 times/week 95 (29.9) 23 (69.5) 16 (66.6) 134 (16.8) < 0.001 1 ~ 2 times/week 150 (47.2) 96 (39.8) 49 (20.3) 295 (36.9) 3 ~ 4 times/week 47 (14.8) 88 (36.5) 63 (26.1) 198 (24.8) 5 ~ 6 times/week 18 (65.7) 27 (11.2) 64 (26.6) 109 (13.6) Once a day 8 (62.5) 7 (62.9) 49 (20.3) 64 (68.0) n (%) 1) P-values were determined by chi-square test. Table 5. Health behavior of subjects according to mukbang viewing time Variable < 7 (n = 318) mukbang viewing time (hour/week) 7 ~ < 14 14 Total (n = 800) P-value 1) Subjective recognition of body image Skinny 70 (22.0) 34 (14.1) 28 (11.6) 132 (16.5) < 0.001 Normal 158 (49.7) 121 (50.2) 71 (29.5) 350 (43.8) Obesity 90 (28.3) 86 (35.7) 142 (58.9) 318 (39.8) Weight control experience Efforts to lose weight 218 (68.6) 148 (61.4) 156 (64.7) 522 (65.3) 0.210 None 100 (31.4) 93 (38.6) 85 (35.3) 278 (34.8) Health concern High 184 (57.9) 143 (59.3) 97 (40.2) 424 (53.0) < 0.001 Normal 119 (37.4) 60 (24.9) 73 (30.3) 252 (31.5) Low 15 (64.7) 38 (15.8) 71 (29.5) 124 (15.5) Exercise frequency Every day 108 (34.0) 75 (31.1) 18 (67.5) 201 (25.1) < 0.001 Sometimes 131 (41.2) 105 (43.6) 86 (35.7) 322 (40.3) Hardly ever 79 (24.8) 61 (25.3) 137 (56.8) 277 (34.6) n (%) 1) P-values were determined by chi-square test. 비만이라고생각하는비율은주당 14시간이상의경우에서 58.9% 로가장높게나타났다 (P < 0.001). 체중조절경험 여부에서는먹방시청시간에따른유의적인차이는나타나지않았다. 주당먹방시청 7시간미만, 7~14시간미만, 14
남하얀 정복미 99 시간이상에서건강에대한관심도가높다는비율이각각 57.9%, 59.3%, 40.2% 로가장높았으며군별로유의적인차이가있었다 (P < 0.001). 운동횟수의경우주당 7~14 시간미만에서는 가끔 이 43.6% 로가장높았으며, 14시간이상에서는 거의안함 이 56.8% 로가장높은응답률을보였다 (P < 0.001). 고 본연구는먹방시청경험이있는성인남녀를대상으로먹방주당시청시간과시청자들의식행동과의관련성을조사하였다. 먹방시청시간이높은사람일수록체질량지수가높았으며, 메뉴기호도는시청시간이높은사람은육류, 낮은사람은채소, 과일을선호하였다. 아침식사빈도는먹방시청시간이높은경우아침식사를하지않는비율이높게나타났으며, 먹방시청시간이높은경우배달음식의섭취와야식음식섭취빈도역시높게나타났다. 조사대상자들의주당먹방시청시간에따라일반적인특성을조사한결과 20-30대연령층에서먹방시청시간이높았음을확인하였다. 이는 Kang & Cho[27] 의연령별먹방을포함한컨텐츠시청율조사시다른연령대보다 20-30대의주로젊은성인층에서시청이가장높게나타난것과일치한경향을나타냄을확인하였다. 가족구성원수와소득수준에서유의적인차이가나타났는데 1인가구에서시청시간 14시간이상이가장높았고, 5 인이상가구에서는 7시간미만이가장높았다. 1인가구일수록먹방시청시간이길어지는결과에대해 Jang & Kim [19] 의연구에서 1인가구가증가함에따라사회적고립에따른정서적외로움을먹방시청을통해달래고자하는심리적욕구를충족시키기위함으로해석하였다. 가족구성원과관련된 Kim[23] 의연구결과에서가족구성원수가많을수록 TV 시청시간이줄었고, 폭식률또한낮아졌음을보고하여본연구결과와일치하는경향을나타내었다. 본연구결과에서먹방주당시청시간이높은조사대상자들의경우체질량지수가높게나타났는데 Kim[23] 의연구에서는유아의 TV 시청시간이증가할수록체질량지수가유의적으로높아졌으며, 초등학생을대상으로한연구 [28-30] 에서도 TV 시청시간이식습관및비만발생에영향을끼침을알수있었다. 그러나본연구에서나타난먹방시청시간과체질량지수와의정의관계의이유가먹방시청자체인지, 먹방을앉아서시청하는라이프스타일에의한원인인지정확하게판단하기는어려운것으로사료된다. 먹방주당시청시간에따른메뉴에대한기호도를확인한 찰 결과전체적으로시청시간과는상관없이육류에대한기호도가가장높게나타났다. Jun & Rhie[31] 의경기지역직장인들을대한으로식품기호도를조사한결과남녀모두육류선호도가가장높게나타났다고보고하여본연구와동일한경향을보였다. 본연구에서주당먹방시청시간이높은사람들은낮은사람들에비해밥, 면, 빵, 육류, 면을제외한떡볶이, 순대등의분식류에대한기호도가높게나타난반면채소류와과일류에대한기호도는낮게나타났음을확인하였다. 이는먹방시청시간이높은사람들은대부분젊은연령층이며, 젊은연령층의식품기호도가반영되었음을알수있었고시청시간이낮은사람들은고연령층으로주로과일과채소를선호하는것으로나타났다. 비만인을대상으로한영양소섭취상태를파악한 Kim 등 [32] 의연구에서아침결식의빈도가높고간식이나외식의횟수가잦은불량한식습관을가지고있음을보고하였고, 특히남성의경우유제품과과일군이포함되지않는다고보고되었고본연구결과먹방시청시간이긴사람들의경우기존연구에서비만인에서섭취가부족하다고보고되고있는과일군에대한선호도가낮아, 부적절한식품선택을할가능성이높다. 따라서주당먹방시청시간이많은시청군을중심으로적절한과일과채소의섭취를권장하는식습관개선을위한교육이필요할것으로사료된다. 본연구결과아침식사섭취빈도조사에서전반적으로주당먹방시청시간이높은경우아침결식률이높게나타났으며먹방시청시간이낮은사람들은아침식사를매일섭취하는비율이상대적으로높게나타나좋은식습관이있는것으로나타났다. 아침식사결식과비만과의연구 [33] 에서아침결식을하는어린이와청소년의비만위험률은아침식사를규칙적으로섭취하는학생들에비해 43% 높은것으로나타났으며, Kim 등 [34] 의연구에서아침식사를하는학생들이아침식사를하지않은학생들에비해체지방률과내장지방이유의적으로적게나타났음을보고하였다. 반면아침식사를통한과잉에너지의섭취가오히려비만을유발할수있다고보고 [35] 된연구도있어아침식사자체가비만을직접적으로유도하는것보다식사량이나식사종류등도반드시조사가이루어져야하며, 본연구에서는먹방시청시간이높은사람들이아침식사결식률이높게나타났지만이러한결과가비만으로유도된다는결론을내리기는어렵다고볼수있다. 비만은복합적인요인으로작용하는만큼먹방시청시간과연결시키기는어렵지만비만을예방하기위해서는여러가지각도에서노력이이루어져야할것으로사료된다. 배달음식섭취빈도와야식섭취빈도는주당먹방시청
100 성인의먹방시청시간에따른식행동비교 시간이 14시간이상에서주 7회의응답률이가장높게나타났다. 먹방시청시간이높은사람들의경우먹방에서방영된메뉴에대한섭취욕구가증가하여배달음식및야식섭취빈도가증가할수있을것으로생각할수있으나, Jin & Hwang [36] 의연구에서인터넷을포함한개인방송먹방시청량이시청자의배달음식주문빈도에영향을미치지않는다는연구결과가있으므로먹방시청과배달음식섭취및야식섭취빈도가밀접한관련이있는지는정확한판단을하기는어렵다. 특히배달음식을포함한외식은대부분나트륨의함량이높고 [37], 콜레스테롤을포함한지방함량이높아자주섭취한다면바람직하지못한식습관및비만으로이어질가능성이있어섭취에따른주의가필요하며이는외식횟수가많을수록체질량지수가증가됨을보고한 No 등 [38] 의연구결과와일치하였다. 본연구의건강행태조사에서건강에대한관심도, 운동횟수등을종합적으로분석해보았을때먹방시청시간이높은경우건강에대한관심도가낮았고, 운동횟수또한시청시간이낮은사람들에비해아주낮은것으로나타나먹방시청시간이높은사람들은젊은연령층이었으며, 젊은연령층에서나타나는좋지않은생활습관으로인해비만도가증가했을가능성도배제할수없다. 또한먹방시청을많이하는사람들은먹을것에관심이많다는것이고자연스럽게식행동과연결되지않았을까사료된다. 그러므로먹방시청을규제하기보다먹방을주로시청하는젊은연령층을대상으로먹방에대한올바른판단과건강한음식을선택할수있는능력은물론비만의원인, 예방등영양지식, 배달음식이나외식, 야식등의문제점등에대한내용을쉽게접근가능한최신매체 ( 카톡, SNS 등 ) 를이용하여영양교육이이루어질수있도록하는노력이필요하다고사료된다. 또한먹방방송매체입장에서는인기도나마케팅에만집중하는것보다시청자들의건강을위해건강한방송을위한노력이요구된다. 본연구의제한점은다음과같다. 첫번째로연구대상자들을지역적으로균형하게배분하여골고루조사하지못하였으므로본연구의결과를일반화하기에는한계가있다. 따라서추후연구에서는다양한지역과인구통계학적인변인의범위를넓혀일반화시키기위한노력이필요할것으로보인다. 두번째로조사대상자들의체중과신장을이용하여체질량지수를산출하는데있어기계를통한정확한계측이아닌설문지를통해자기기입식으로작성하도록하여오차가발생할가능성이있다. 그러므로비만을평가하는데있어신체조성중근육량은고려되지않았다. 따라서정확한판정을위해체지방률과근육의발달정도를고려해평가되어야할것이다. 세번째먹방을주로보는시간대에따라배달음식이나야식 섭취빈도가달라질수있다는점이다. 기타먹방을보지않는사람들 ( 대조군 ) 과의비교가이루어지지못하였다는점, 먹방시청시간- 비만, 먹방시청시간 -식행동관련성분석이이루어지지못하였다는점등을들수있다. 이러한제한점이있음에도불구하고성인을대상으로한먹방시청실태를조사함으로써기초연구자료로서의의미가있으며먹방시청자들에게올바른식습관인식을제고하기위해다양한조사연구가이루어져야할것이다. 앞으로는특히젊은층을위주로보다광범위한지역과더많은사람들을대상으로먹방시청과식습관및식행동에대한보다자세한변수를이용하여정확한결과를도출하기위한노력이필요할것으로사료된다. 요약및결론 본연구는먹방시청경험이있는성인남녀 800명을대상으로먹방시청실태조사를통해먹방시청시간에따라체질량지수와시청자들의식행동 ( 메뉴기호도, 아침식사빈도, 배달음식섭취빈도, 야식섭취빈도 ) 및건강행태에어떠한차이가있는지알아보고자수행하였다. 체중은남녀모두주당먹방시청시간 7시간미만보다 14시간이상에서높게나타났으며, 남성의경우체질량지수를근거로주당먹방시청시간 7~14 시간미만과 14시간이상의경우과체중으로나타났다. 여성의경우에는먹방시청시간이 14시간미만까지는정상범위였으나 14시간이상은과체중으로나타났다. 메뉴기호도조사결과주당먹방시청시간이높은경우주로탄수화물식품과육류에대한기호도가높았으며, 반면먹방시청시간이낮은경우채소와과일류의기호도가높게나타났다. 아침식사빈도의경우먹방시청시간이주당 14시간이상에서는아침식사를전혀하지않는비율이가장높았고, 아침식사를매일하는비율은먹방시청시간이 7시간미만인경우가가장높게나타났다. 또한배달음식의섭취및야식음식섭취빈도또한먹방시청시간이높은경우가낮은경우에비해높게나타났다. 건강행태결과에서주관적인본인의체형을비만이라고생각하는비율은주당시청시간 14시간이상에서가장높게나타났으며, 건강에대한관심도는주당시청시간이 7~14 시간미만의경우에가장높았다. 운동횟수의경우주당먹방시청시간이높은경우거의안하는비율이가장높게나타났다. 이러한연구결과로볼때먹방시청시간이높은시청자들은바람직하지못한건강행태와식행동이나타났으므로먹방시청자들의올바른식습관인식제고및생활습관에대한적절한영양교육이필요한것으로보인다.
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