24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System).,,,. 24 GHz,, [1] [4]. 65-nm CMOS FMCW 24 GHz FMCW.. 송수신기설계 1 1Tx 2Rx FMCW (Local Oscillat

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Oct.; 29(10), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) 24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW Design of 24-GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW Transceiver 김태현 권오윤 김준성 박재현 김병성 Tae-Hyun Kim Oh-Yun Kwon Jun-Seong Kim Jae-Hyun Park Byung-Sung Kim 요약 65-nm Complemetary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS) 1, 2 24 GHz 24 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave(FMCW). CMOS 14,,, GHz 10 dbm, 1 MHz 97.3 dbc/hz db 31.7 dbm P 1dB. 295 mw mm 2. FR4,,, FMCW FR dbi dbi.,. Abstract This paper presents a 24-GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave(fmcw) radar transceiver with two Rx and one Tx channels in 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(cmos) process and implemented it on a radar system using the developed transceiver chip. The transceiver chip includes a 14 frequency multiplier, low-noise amplifier, down-conversion mixer, and power amplifier(pa). The transmitter achieves >10 dbm output power from 23.8 to GHz and the phase noise is 97.3 GHz/Hz at a 1-MHz offset. The receiver achieves 25.2 db conversion gain and output P 1dB of 31.7 dbm. The transceiver consumes 295 mw of power and occupies an area of mm 2. The radar system is fabricated on a low-loss Duroid printed circuit board(pcb) stacked on the low-cost FR4 PCBs. The chip and antenna are placed on the Duroid PCB with interconnects and bias, gain blocks and FMCW signal-generating circuitry are mounted on the FR4 PCB. The transmit antenna is a 4 4 patch array with dbi gain and receiving antennas are two 4 2 patch antennas with a gain of dbi. The operation of the radar is evaluated and confirmed by detecting the range and azimuthal angle of the corner reflectors. Key words: CMOS, FMCW Radar, Tranceiver, 24 GHz. 서론 2018 (No ). (College of Information & Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) Manuscript received September 4, 2018 ; Revised September 28, 2018 ; Accepted October 10, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Byung-Sung Kim ( bskimice@skku.edu) 758 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System).,,,. 24 GHz,, [1] [4]. 65-nm CMOS FMCW 24 GHz FMCW.. 송수신기설계 1 1Tx 2Rx FMCW (Local Oscillator: LO) 7 3 (frequency doubler), (low noise amplifier: LNA),. FMCW, 14 [7]. (common-source: CS), push-push GHz STD GHz. 2 7 CS., 7, [6]. Class AB 7. 7 (cross-coupled pair) 주파수체배기설계 [5] (single-to-differential: STD), 7, seven-push, 그림 1. 1Tx 2Rx Fig. 1. 1Tx 2Rx radar transceiver architecture. 그림 2. Fig. 2. Schematic of frequency multiplier. 759

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct. 2018.,.,. CS,.. 2-2 수신기설계 3 LNA. LNA. CS,.. 14 LNA (intermediate frequency: IF).. 2-3 송신기설계 4.

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,.,. CS, 수신기설계 3 LNA. LNA. CS,.. 14 LNA (intermediate frequency: IF) 송신기설계 GHz., CS. 그림 4. Fig. 4. Schematic of transmitter nm CMOS. 5 (electrostatic discharge: ESD) mm 2. DC PCB LNA. 6(a), 6(b) 1 MHz 90 dbc/hz, 10 MHz 115 dbc/hz. 24 GHz 25.2 db 31.7 dbm P 1dB 그림 3. Fig. 3. Schematic of receiver. 그림 5. Fig. 5. Transceiver chip. 760

24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW (a) (a) Phase noise. 9,. 2.2 15 mil Roger 5880 RT Duroid. 4 4, 4 2 [8],[9]. (1), (2) 4.9 mm, 3.9 mm, (inset feeding). mm (1) mm (2). 7(a), 7(b). 24 GHz 14.76 dbi. 8(a), 8(b).

4 24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW (a) (a) Phase noise. 9, mil Roger 5880 RT Duroid. 4 4, 4 2 [8],[9]. (1), (2) 4.9 mm, 3.9 mm, (inset feeding). mm (1) mm (2). 7(a), 7(b). 24 GHz dbi. 8(a), 8(b). 24 GHz, dbi. (b) (b) Down conversion gain 그림 6. Fig. 6. Measurement results of transceiver chip.. 14 % (PAE), 11.8 dbm 7.65 dbm P 1dB. 168 mw, LNA 13.8 mw, 100 mw 295 mw.. 안테나및 mm 파패키지설계 3-1 안테나설계 3-2 밀리미터파패키지설계. 24 GHz,,. CMOS LNA 50 Ω. 50 Ω., (open stub).. 레이다모듈설계및필드테스트 9 24 GHz 761

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct (a) (a) Reflection coefficient (a) (a) Reflection coefficient (b) (b) Antenna gain 그림 Fig. 7. Parameter of 4 4 patch array antenna in transmitter part.. FR4, 12.5 cm 10 cm. 1Tx2Rx,, FR4, FMCW. (b) (b) Antenna gain 그림 Fig. 8. Parameter of 4 2 patch array antenna in receiver part GHz FMCW m 2, 8.9 m 2 RCS(Radar Cross Section) (corner reflector), IF. 10 msec, 250 MHz 762

24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW 그림 9. 24 GHz FMCW Fig. 9. 24 GHz FMCW radar module.

Fig. 11. Measurement results. : : : : : RCS : 1 21.

6 24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW 그림 GHz FMCW Fig GHz FMCW radar module. (a) (a) Range 그림 10. Fig. 10. Measurement environment., IF.. 11(a), (b) 1.5 m 0.35 m 2 RCS, 3 m 8.9 m 2 RCS. IF, 2. (3). (3) (b) (b) Angle 그림 11. Fig. 11. Measurement results. : : : : : RCS : dbm, dbm.. 결론 65-nm CMOS 763

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct. 2018. 24 GHz 1Tx-2Rx FMCW., FMCW FR4 mm. 2. References [1] H. Krishnaswamy, H.

Francisco, CA, Feb. 2010, pp. 214-215. [2] R. Ebelt, A. Hamidian, D. Shmakov, T. Zhang, V. Subramanian, and G. Boeck, et al.

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct GHz 1Tx-2Rx FMCW., FMCW FR4 mm. 2. References [1] H. Krishnaswamy, H. Hashemi, "A 4-channel 4-beam 24-to-26 GHz spatio-temporal RAKE radar transceiver in 90 nm CMOS for vehicular radar applications," in 2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, San Francisco, CA, Feb. 2010, pp [2] R. Ebelt, A. Hamidian, D. Shmakov, T. Zhang, V. Subramanian, and G. Boeck, et al., "Cooperative indoor localization using 24-GHz CMOS radar transceivers," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 62, no. 9, pp , Sep [3] G. Pyo, C. Y. Kim, and S. Hong, "Single-antenna FMCW radar CMOS transceiver IC," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 65, no. 3, pp , Mar [4] S. K. Kim, C. Cui, B. S. Kim, and S. Y. Kim, "A fully- integrated low power K-band radar transceiver in 130 nm CMOS technology," Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science, vol. 12, no. 4, pp , Dec [5] C. Cui, S. K. Kim, R. Song, J. H. Song, S. Nam, and B. S. Kim, "A 77-GHz FMCW radar system using on- chip waveguide feeders in 65-nm CMOS," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 63, no. 11, pp , Nov [6] S. C. Yen, T. H. Chu, "An Nth-harmonic oscillator using a N-push coupled oscillator array with voltage-clamping circuits," in Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Jun. 2003, vol. 3, pp [7],, "24 GHz CW,", 10(7), pp , [8],,,, " 24 GHz 3-beam scan,", 14(1), pp , [9],,,, " X, K,", 23(5), pp , [ / ] : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RFIC [ / ] : ( ) : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RFIC 764

24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW [ / ] 2014 2 : ( ) 2014 3

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8 24 GHz 1Tx 2Rx FMCW [ / ] : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RFIC [ / ] : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RFIC, RF [ / ] : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RFIC 765

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS