KISEP Original Articles J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 38, No 3 한국판사건충격척도의신뢰도및 타당도에관한연구 이선미 * 은헌정 * A Study of Reliability and Validity o

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1 KISEP Original Articles J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 38, No 3 한국판사건충격척도의신뢰도및 타당도에관한연구 이선미 * 은헌정 * A Study of Reliability and Validity on the Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale Sun-Mi Yi, M.S.,* Hun-Jeong Eun, M.D., Ph.D.* 국문초록 연구목적 : 방법 : 결과 : 중심단어 서 론 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju Corresponding author 501

2 502

3 1. 연구대상 방법 503

4 Table 1. Demographic differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD groups PTSD meansd* n64 Non-PTSD meansd* n40 t-value p-value Duration after accidentmonths p.05 Ageyrs p.05 Educatationyrs p.05 *SDstandard deviation 2. 연구도구 1) IES 2) CAPS 504

5 3) BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) 4) STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Scale) 5) MMPI-PTSD 3. 연구방법및절차 1) 문항번안 2) 연구절차 3) 통계처리 1. 신뢰도 결 과 505

6 Table 2. Item-total correlations and cronbach alpha of IES Deleted item Normal group Correlation with total Alpha Patient group Correlation with total Alpha Total IES indicates impact of event scale 2. 타당도 1) 집단간평균차이검증 2) 척도간상관 Table 3. The comparison of BDI, STAI-, STAI-, IES and MMPI-PTSD between two groups PTSD Non-PTSD meansd* meansd* t-value p-value n64 n40 BDI p.05 STAI p.05 STAI p.05 IES p.0001 MMPI- PTSD p.0001 *SDstandard deviation BDIbeck depression inventory STAI-, state-trait anxiety inventory, IESimpact of event scale 3) 척도의요인구조 506

7 4) 척도의판별분석 Table 4. Correlation of IES, BDI, STA-, and MMPI-PTSD by normal group and patient group Normal group IES BDI STAI- STAI- MMPI-PTSD IES * ** BDI *.35* STA *.11 STAI * Patient group IES BDI STAI- STAI- MMPI-PTSD IES *.13.30*.66** BDI *.32* STAI *.15 STAI * *Significant by correlation analysis p.001 **Significant by correlation analysis p.0001 IESimpact of event scale BDIbeck depression inventory STAI-, stait-trait anxiety scale 논 의 Table 5. Results of factor analysis in normal group Item Factor 1 Factor Eigen value % total variance explained IESimpact of event scale 507

8 Table 6. Results of factor analysis in patient group Item Factor 1 Factor Eigen value % total variance explained IESimpact of event scale Table 7. Result of classification between groups Actual group Non-PTSD PTSD Non-PTSDN % % PTSDN % % Percent ofgroupedcases correctly classified74.04% Wilk s lamda.71, , p

9 참고문헌 1) Saxe G, Kolk VD, Hall K, Schwartz J, Chinman G, Hall MD, Lieberg G & Berkowitz R(1993): Dissociative diorders in psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 150: ) Gunderson E, Dohrenwend BP(Eds,)(1974):Stressful life events:their nature and effects. Wiley, New York 3) American Psychiatric Association(1980):Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed, Washington DC. American Psychiatric Association 4) American Psychiatric Association(1987):Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed, revised, Washington DC. American Psychiatric Association 5) American Psychiatric Association(1994):Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed, Washington DC. American Psychiatric Association 6) Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan JL, Ratliff KS (1981):National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule:Its history, characterestics, and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry 38: ) Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB (1990):Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅲ- R Patient edition(scid-p). New York:Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute 8) Davidson JRT, Smith RD, Kudler HS(1989):Validity and reliability of the DSM-Ⅲ criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder:experience with a structured interview. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 177: ) Wason CG, Juba MP, Manifold V, Kucula T, Anderson PED(1991):The PTSD Interview:Rationale descriptions, reliability, and concurrent validity of a DSM-Ⅲ based technique. Journal of Clinical Psychology 47: ) Foa EB, Riggs DS, Dancu CV, Rothbaum BO (1993):Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 6: ) Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LN, Kaloupek DG, Gusman F, Charney DS, Keane TM(1990):The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress 8: ) Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LN, Kaloupek DG, Kaloupek DG, Charney DS, Keane TM(1990): A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD:The CAPS-1. The Behavior Therapist 18: ) Weathers FM(1993):Empirically derived scoring rules for the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. Unpublished manuscript 14) Horowitz MJ, Wilner N, Alvarez W(1979):Impact of event scale:a measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 41: ) Keane TM, Malloy PF, Fairbank JA(1984):Empirical development of an MMPI subscale for the assessment of combat-related posttraumatic stress di- 509

10 sorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 52: ) Keane TM, Caddell Jm, Taylor KL(1988):Mississippi scale for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder:three study in reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56: ) Hovens JE, Falger PRJ, Op den Velde W, Mweijer P, de Grown JHM, van Duijn H(1993):A selfrating scale for the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in Dutch resistance veterans of World War Ⅱ. Journal of Clinical Psychology 49: ) Zilberg NJ, Weiss DS, Horowitz MJ(1982):Impact of Event Scale:A Cross-validation study and some empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 50: ) Perkins DV, Tebes JA(1984):Genuine versus simulated reponses on the Impact of Event Scale. Psychological Reports 54: ) Hendrix C, Jurich AP, Schumm WR(1994):Validation of Impact of Event Scale on a sample of American Vietnam verterans. Psychological Reports 75: ) Gayton WF, Burchstead GN, Matthews GR(1986): An investigation of utility of MMPI posttraumatic stress disorder subscale. Journal of Clinical Psychology 42: ) Watson CG, Kucala T, Manfold V(1986):A crossvalidation of Keane and penk MMPI scale as measures of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology 42: ) Cannon DS, Bell WE, Andrews RH, Finkelstein AS(1987):Correspondence between MMPI-PTSD measures and clinical diagnosis. Journal of Personality Assessment 51: ) Hyer L, Fallon JH, Harrison WR, Boudewyns PA (1987):MMPI overreporting by Vietnam combat veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology 43: ) Kulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA, Jordan BK, Hough RL, Marmar CR, Weiss DS(1991): Assessment of Posttraumatic stress disorder in the community:prospects and pitfalls from recent studies of Vietnam veterans. Psychological Assessment: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 3: ) McFall ME, Smith DE, Mac Key PW, Tarver DJ (1990):Reliability and validity of Mississippi scale for combat-related Posttraumatic stress disorder: Assessment-related issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 45: ) Fontana A, Rosenheck R(1994):A short form of the Mississippi Scale for Measuring change in combat related PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress 7: ) 강영수 (1997): 외상후스트레스장애진단을위한미시시피척도와 MMPI-PTSD 척도의비교 : 전북대학교석사학위청구논문, pp ) Weathers FW, Litz BT, Herman DS, Huska JA, Keane TM(1993, October):The PTSD Checklist: Reliability, validity and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX 30) Falsetti SA, Resnick HS, Resnick PA, Kilpatrick DG(1993):The Modified PTSD Symtom Scale: A brief self report measure of Posttraumatic stress disorder. The Behavior Therapist 16: ) Hammerberg M(1992):Penn Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders:Psychometric properties. Psychological Assessment:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 4: ) Schlenger WE, Kulka RA(1989):PTSD scale development for the MMPI-2 Research Triangle Park, NC:Research Triangle Institute 33) Green BL(1991):Evaluating the effects of disasters. Psychological Assessment:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 3: ) Weathers FW, Blake DD, Krinsley KE, Haddad WH, Huska JA, Keane TM(1996):The reliability and validity of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Manuscript submitted for publication 35) Saunders BE, Arata CM, Kilpatrick DG(1990): Development of a crime-related post-traumatic stress disorder scale for women within the symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Journal of Traumatic Stress 3: ) Briere J(1995):Professional manual for the Trauma Symptom Inventory. Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources 37) Bessel A, Kolk VD, Alexander C, MacFarlane, Lars Weisaeth(ed)(1996):Trumatic Stress:The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society:guilford Press New York London, pp ) 전덕인 (1996): 삼풍사고생존자의 PTSD 증상조 510

11 사. 대한신경정신의학회 96 추계학술대회, 서울, 대한신경정신의학회 39) Blake D, Weathers F, Nagy L, Kaloupek D, Klauminzer G, Charney D, Keane T(1990):Clinician Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS). National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Behavioral Science Division-Boston VA, Boston, Mass 40) Weathers FW, Blake DD, Krinsley KE, Haddad W, Huska JA, Keane TM(1996):The clinicianadministered PTSD scale:reliability and construct validity. Paper presented at 26th annual Meeting of association for advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, MA 41) Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J(1961):An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatriy 5: ) 한홍무, 염태호, 신영호, 김교헌, 윤도준, 정근재 (1986):Beck s Depression Inventory의한국표준화연구-정상집단을중심으로 (1) 신경정신의학 24: ) Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RC, Lusbene RE(1970): Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory palo alto, consulting psychologists press 44) 한덕웅, 이창호, 탁진국 (1993) : Spielberger 상태특성불안검사의표준화. 한국심리학회 93년연차대회초록, 서울한국심리학회 45) Schwartzwald J, Solomon Z, Weisendberg M, et al(1987):validation of Impact of Event Scale for Psychological consequences of combat. Journal of Cosulting and Clinical Psychology 55: ) Bryant RA, Harvey, Allison G(1995):Avoidant coping style and posttraumatic stress following motor vehicle accidents. Behavior Reserch and Therapy 33: ) Weisenberg M, Solomon Z, Schwarzwald J, Mikulince(1987):Assessing the severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:Relation between dichotomous and continuous measures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55:

12 ABSTRACT J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 38, No 3, May, 1999 A Study of Reliability and Validity on the Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale Sun-Mi Yi, M.S., Hun-Jeong Eun, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju In order to develop a self-report scale measureing posttraumatic distress, the authors translated Horowitz s1979 Impact of Event ScaleIES in Korean and explored its reliability and validity. The IES, BDI, STAI-, and MMPI-PTSD were administered to 143 college students and 104 patients who had experienced auto vehicle accident. The internal consistencyitem-total correlation, students r.52, patientsr.58cronbach s alpha, students.87, patients.89 and test-retest reliability r.73 were psychometrically approvable. To examine the validity, patients who were classified PTSD and non-ptsd were compared with IES, BDI, STAI-, and MMPI-PTSD. There were significant group differences in IES, BDI, and MMPI-PTSD. The IES was significantly correlated with BDI, STAI-, and MMPI-PTSD. It was more highly correlated with MMPI-PTSD than BDI or STAI. The results of factor analysis suggested a single factor. IES showed sufficient discriminant validities between PTSD and non-ptsd74.4. Finally, the usefulness of the scale, some limitations, and implications for future study were discussed. KEY WORDSImpact of event scale Posttraumatic stress disorder Reliability Validity. 512

13 부록 사건충격척도 513

1. 연구대상 연구방법 2. 측정도구 3. 명상법소개및연구절차 492

1. 연구대상 연구방법 2. 측정도구 3. 명상법소개및연구절차 492 KISEP Original Articles 38 3 1999 J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc Vol 38, No 3 명상이정서상태에미치는효과 * 이정호 ** 김영미 ** 최영민 ** The Effect of Meditation on Depression and Anxiety* Jung-Ho Lee, M.D.,** Young-Mee Kim,