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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 17, No. 4 pp , ISSN / eissn 채명옥 1* 1 청주대학교간호학과 Empathic Ability and Communication Ability according to Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) Personality Type in Nursing Students Myung-Ock Chae 1* 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Cheongju University 요약본연구는간호대학생의 MBTI 성격유형을확인하고그에따른공감능력과의사소통능력을파악하기위해실시되었다. 본연구의자료수집은 2015년 10월 5일에서 10월 30일까지수행되었고, 자가보고식설문지를통해수집된 127명의자료를 SPSS WIN 18.0 을이용하여분석하였다. 연구결과, 대상자는 14가지 MBTI 성격유형으로나타났다. MBTI 의 4가지심리기능유형에따른공감능력은 SF형이평균 3.77점으로가장높았고, 의사소통능력은 NF형이평균 3.81점으로가장높았으며, 공감능력은유의한차이가없었으나의사소통능력 (F=3.194, p=.026) 은통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. MBTI 의 4가지심리기질유형에따른공감능력은 SP형과 NF형이평균 3.71점으로가장높았고, 의사소통능력은 NF형이평균 3.81점으로가장높았으며, 공감능력은유의한차이가없었으나의사소통능력 (F=3.004, p=.033) 은통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. 그러므로, 간호대학생대규모표본을대상으로 MBTI 성격유형에따른공감능력과의사소통능력의차이를일반화할수있는반복연구를수행하고, MBTI 성격유형특성에따른효율적인간호학과교육과정을구축할필요가있다. Abstract This study examined the empathic ability and communication ability of nursing students according to Myers-Briggs type indicator(mbti) personality type. This study was a cross sectional survey and the data was collected from 127 nursing students by means of self-reported questionnaires from October 5 to 30, The data collected was analyzed on SPSS win Fourteen personality types were observed in this study participants. The SF type was the highest with a mean of 3.77 in empathic ability according to 4 functions of MBTI and the NF type was the highest with a mean of 3.81 in communication ability according to 4 functions of MBTI. The SP type and NF type was the highest with a mean of 3.71 in the empathic ability according to the 4 temperaments of MBTI and the NF type was the highest with a mean of 3.81 in the communication ability according to 4 temperaments of MBTI. Significant differences in the communication ability were observed according to 4 functions (F=3.194, p=.026) and 4 temperaments (F=3.004, p=.033) of MBTI. Further study will be needed to identify the effects of a self-understanding program on the empathic ability and communication ability. It is important to understand the nursing students' diversity and reflect it in a school curriculum. Keywords : Nursing student, Myers-Briggs type, Empathic ability, Communication ability 1.1 연구의필요성 1. 서론 최근국내외적으로장기불황이계속되면서대졸이상고학력자들의취업난이심화되는가운데서도새로운병원건립이나간호등급상승을위한간호인력확대로간호 * Corresponding Author : Myung-Ock Chae(Cheongju Univ.) Tel: cmo@korea.com Received January 14, 2016 Accepted April 7, 2016 Revised (1st February 3, 2016, 2nd February 22, 2016) Published April 30,

2 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 4 호, 2016 사의요구는나날이증가되고있는추세이다. 이러한높은취업률로인해간호대학생은개인의적성이나흥미를염두에두지않고학과를선택해실습을포함한간호학과교육과정중에여러가지어려움을경험하고있는것으로나타났다 [1]. 더구나이렇게교육과정을마치고취업한간호사들은임상현장에서부적응을겪게되고결국조기이직으로이어지는악순환이지속될수있다. 그러므로, 간호대학생의성향이나성격을파악해간호학과교육과정에대한적응력을높이고졸업후임상현장에서의생존력을향상시킬수있는교육이절실히필요하다. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 는개인이타고난성격의경향성을알수있게하는지표로, 각성격유형별로장 단점이나자기개발을위해노력해야점등에대한정보를제공해준다 [2]. 그중심리기능유형은감각이나직관의선호와감정이나사고의선호성향조합에따라정신활동을이해할수있도록하고, 심리기질유형은감각이나직관의선호와즉흥적이거나판단적인선호성향조합에따른성격을다루고있다 [3]. 따라서, 간호대학생을대상으로 MBTI의세부적인조합에따른성격유형을파악한다면, 간호대학생개개인의적응을지도할수있을뿐만아니라주요성격유형의특성을반영한간호학과교육과정을운영해효율성을증가시킬수있을것이다. 한편, 공감은자기중심적인사고에서벗어나상대방을존중하고타인의감정을대리적으로경험하는것 [4] 으로정의되며, 대상자가간호사와간호수행을신뢰하고긍정적이고호의적인태도로상호작용하는치료적관계형성을할수있도록밑거름이되어준다 [5]. 또한, 간호사와대상자의공감과정은개별화된간호를수행하는데도움을주어대상자의안녕과간호의질향상에기여할수있다 [6]. 이러한공감은대상자와의관계에서적절한말이나행동으로표현되어야하므로, 간호학과교육과정에서는대상자에게공감을어떻게표현해야하는지에대한대화기술의절차와방법을주로다루고있다 [7]. 그러나, 대부분의간호학과교육과정은 1, 2학년에서만공감을표현하는대화기술교과목을포함하고있고, 실제임상실습을경험하는 3, 4학년에는국가고시과목이편중되어있어지속적인공감능력함양이어려운실정이다. 간호대학생을대상으로한공감능력관련선행연구를살펴보면, 공감능력과의사소통 [8], 대인관계 [9, 10], 문화적역량 [11, 12] 의관계를확인하는연구가대부분 이었다. 간호사의효율적인의사소통능력은공감표현을통한대상자와의치료적관계형성뿐만아니라더나아가임상현장의다양한보건의료전문인력간의물리적마찰감소로협력적인관계를증진시키고, 심리적인안정, 간호업무의효율성향상으로조직의성과와발전을가능하게한다 [13]. 그러므로, 의사소통능력은전문직으로서의간호사가되기위해서간호대학생이가장기본적으로갖추어야할필수적인요건이며, 이러한능력을강화시킬수있는여러가지교육과정이마련되어야할것이다 [14]. 이에본연구는간호대학생의 MBTI 성격유형에따른공감능력과의사소통능력을파악함으로써간호대학생의공감능력과의사소통능력향상을위한간호학과교육과정의기초자료를제공하고자한다. 1.2 연구목적본연구의구체적인목적은다음과같다. 첫째, 간호대학생의 MBTI 성격유형, 공감능력및의사소통능력을파악한다. 둘째, 간호대학생의일반적특성에따른공감능력및의사소통능력을파악한다. 셋째, 간호대학생의 MBTI 성격유형 ( 심리기능유형, 심리기질유형 ) 에따른공감능력및의사소통능력의차이를파악한다. 2. 연구방법 2.1 연구설계본연구는을파악하기위한서술적조사연구이다. 2.2 연구대상본연구의대상자는청주시소재 1개대학간호학과재학생을대상으로편의추출하였다. 표본수는 G-power 프로그램을이용하여통계방법을 ANOVA, 효과크기.40, 검정력.80, 유의수준.05로하였을때 76명이었다. 본연구에서는총 140명의자료가수집되었으나응답이불완전하거나누락된 13부를제외하고 127명의자료를분석에이용하였다. 304

3 2.3 연구도구 MBTI 성격유형본연구에서는 Briggs와 Myers가개발한성격유형검사 (MBTI) 를 Kim과 Shim[15] 이한국어판으로표준화한자기기입식총 94문항의 Form G를사용하여측정하였다. MBTI는두가지씩양극을이루는네쌍의지표가있고이를조합한 16가지의 MBTI 성격유형이네개의문자로표시된다. 네쌍의지표는외향형 (Extraversion) 과내향형 (Introversion), 감각형 (Sensing) 과직관형 (inntuition), 사고형 (Thinking) 과감정형 (Feeling) 그리고판단형 (Judgement) 과인식형 (Perception) 으로구성된다. 그리고, MBTI는심리기능유형과심리기질유형으로나누어질수있는데 [16], 심리기능유형은 ST형 (Sensing Thinking), SF형 (Sensing Feeling), NF형 (intuition Feeling), NT형 (intuition Thinking) 으로분류되며, 심리기질유형은 SJ형 (Sensing Judgement), SP형 (Sensing Perception), NF형 (intuition Feeling), NT형 (intuition Thinking) 으로분류된다 공감능력본연구에서는 Davis[17] 가개발한대인관계반응지수 (Interpersonal Reaction Index [IRI]) 를 Jeon[18] 이재구성한도구를사용하였다. 인지공감 15문항, 정서공감 15문항의총 30문항으로구성되어있고, 전혀그렇지않다 1점에서 매우그렇다 를 5점으로한 5점 Likert로측정하였으며, 점수가높을수록공감능력이높음을의미한다. Yang, Lim과 Lee[11] 의연구에서 Cronbach's 는.87이었고, 본연구에서의 Cronbach's 는.84였다 의사소통능력본연구에서는 Rubin 등 [19] 이제시한 8가지의사소통능력 (Interpersonal Communication Competence [ICC]) 에 Hur[20] 가 7가지개념을추가하여수정 보완한글로벌인간관계의사소통능력 (Global Interpersonal Communication Competence [GICC]) 도구 15문항으로측정하였다. 본도구는자기노출, 역지사지, 사회적긴장완화, 주장력, 집중력, 상호작용관리, 표현력, 지지력, 즉시성, 효율성, 사회적적절성, 조리성, 목표간파력, 반응력, 잡음통제력이라는 15가지하부개념을가지고, 각문항은 전혀그렇지않다 1점에서 매우그렇다 5점의 5 점 Likert 척도로측정되며점수가높을수록의사소통능력이높음을의미한다. Hur[20] 의연구에서 Cronbach's 는.72였고, 본연구에서의 Cronbach's 는.80이었다. 2.4 자료수집및윤리적고려자료수집은 2015년 10월 5일에서 10월 30일까지수행되었고, MBTI를이용한성격유형검사는대상대학의학생생활연구소에서실시한자료중연구참여에동의한학생의결과만수집하여사용하였다. 연구대상자에대한윤리적고려를위해연구자가설문지배부전에연구의목적과방법등을설명한후대상자들로부터연구참여서면동의서를받았다. 동의서에는본연구로인해취득한개인정보를연구목적이외에사용하지않을것과연구에자유의사로참여할것, 원하지않을경우언제든지철회할수있다는내용을포함하여설명하였다. 2.5 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0을이용하여분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성과 MBTI 성격유형은빈도와백분율로, 공감능력과의사소통능력은평균과표준편차로분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성과 MBTI 성격유형 ( 심리기능유형, 심리기질유형 ) 에따른공감능력과의사소통능력은독립표본 t-test와 ANOVA, Scheffe' test 로사후검정하였다. 3. 연구결과 3.1 일반적특성및 MBTI 성격유형본연구대상자의일반적특성은 Table 1과같다. 평균연령은 20.7세였고, 성별은여학생이 94.5% 로대부분을차지하였으며, 학년은모두비슷한분포를보였다. 거주형태는기숙사가 40.9% 로가장많았고, 건강상태는 55.9% 가, 교우관계는 63.8% 가 좋다 고응답하였다. 입학동기는 높은취업률 이 30.7% 로가장많았고, 이외에 적성에맞아서 24.4%, 부모님및선생님의권유 22.0%, 의순으로나타났다. 대학생활은 44.1% 가, 간호학과전공에대해서는 37.0% 가 조금만족한다 고답하였고, 학업성적은 60.6% 가 중 이라고인지하는것으로나타났다. 305

4 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 4 호, 2016 본연구대상자의 MBTI 성격유형은 Table 2와같다. MBTI의 16가지성격유형을살펴보면, ESFJ형이 15.7% 로가장많았고, ESTJ형 11.8%, ENFP형 11.0% 의순으로나타났으며, INFJ형은 0.8% 로가장낮은빈도를보였다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에서 SF형이 40.9% 로가장많았고, ST형 33.1%, NF형 18.9%, NT형 7.1% 의순으로나타났다. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에서는 SJ형이 45.7% 로가장많았고, SP형 28.3%, NF형 18.9%, NT형 7.1% 의순으로나타났다. 3.2 공감능력과의사소통능력수준대상자의공감능력, 의사소통능력수준은 Table 3과같다. 공감능력은 5점만점에평균 3.70점, 의사소통능력은 5점만점에평균 3.63점으로나타났다. 3.3 일반적특성에따른공감능력과의사소통능력연구대상자의일반적특성에따른공감능력, 의사소통능력은 Table 3과같다. 공감능력은입학동기 (F=2.540, p=.032) 에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. 의사소통능력은학년 (F=6.881, p<.001), 거주형태 (F=3.619, p=.030), 건강상태 (F=5.593, p=.005), 교우관계 (F=10.115, p<.001), 입학동기 (F=2.524, p=.033), 대학생활만족도 (F=3.343, p=.012), 간호학전공만족도 (F=4.498, p=.002), 인지한학업성적 (F=4.977, p=.008) 에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었는데, 사후분석결과학년에서 4학년이 1, 2, 3학년에비해의사소통능력이더높았고, 건강상태에서 좋다 고응답한대상자가 보통 이라고답한경우보다, 인지한학업성적이 상 인대상자가 하 라고응답한대상자보다의사소통능력이더높은것으로나타났다. 3.4 MBTI 유형에따른공감능력과의사소통능력대상자의 MBTI 유형에따른공감능력, 의사소통능력은 Table 4와같다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른공감능력은 SF형이평균 3.77점으로가장높았고, NT형이평균 3.60점으로가장낮았으며, 의사소통능력은 NF 형이평균 3.81점으로가장높았고, ST형이평균 3.54점으로가장낮은것으로나타났다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른공감능력은유의한차이가없었으나의사 소통능력 (F=3.194, p=.026) 은통계적으로유의한차이가있었는데, 사후분석결과 NF형이 ST형보다유의하게더높은것으로나타났다. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에따른공감능력은 SP 형과 NF형이평균 3.71점으로가장높았고, NT형이평균 3.60점으로가장낮았으며, 의사소통능력은 NF형이평균 3.81점으로가장높았고, SP형이평균 3.54점으로가장낮은것으로나타났다. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에따른공감능력은유의한차이가없었으나의사소통능력 (F=3.004, p=.033) 은통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. Table 1. General Characteristics of Subjects Characteristics Categories n(%) or M±SD Age (yr) 20.73±1.51 Gender Female 120(94.5) Male 7(5.5) Grade 1 33(26.0) 2 33(26.0) 3 28(22.0) 4 33(26.0) Place of residence Dormitory 52(40.9) Home 42(33.1) Rented room 33(26.0) Health status Good 71(55.9) Common 52(40.9) Bad 4(3.1) Good 81(63.8) Interpersonal Common 45(35.4) relationships Bad 1(0.8) Entrance motive High employment rate 39(30.7) Appropriate aptitude 31(24.4) Recommendation by parent and teacher 28(22.0) Good image and experience on nurse 17(13.4) High school record 8(6.3) Have a service job 4(3.1) Satisfaction on university life Satisfaction on major Perceptive academic achievements (N=127) Very satisfactory 11(8.7) A bit satisfactory 56(44.1) Common 35(27.6) A bit unsatisfactory 22(17.3) Very unsatisfactory 3(2.4) Very satisfactory 37(29.1) A bit satisfactory 47(37.0) Common 37(29.1) A bit unsatisfactory 5(3.9) Very unsatisfactory 1(0.8) Fine 24(18.9) Medium 77(60.6) Poor 26(20.5) 306

5 Table 2. Personality Types of Subjects by MBTI (N=127) Variables Categories n(%) Type of *MBTI Function of MBTI Temperam ent of MBTI ISTJ (Introversion Sensing Thinking Judgement) 11(8.7) ISFJ (Introversion Sensing Feeling Judgement) 12(9.4) INFJ (Introversion intuition Feeling Judgement) 1(0.8) ISTP (Introversion Sensing Thinking Perception) 4(3.1) ISFP (Introversion Sensing Feeling Perception) 7(5.5) INFP (Introversion intuition Feeling Perception) 2(1.6) INTP (Introversion intuition Thinking Perception) 2(1.6) ESTP (Extraversion Sensing Thinking Perception) 12(9.4) ESFP (Extraversion Sensing Feeling Perception) 13(10.2) ENFP (Extraversion intuition Feeling Perception) 14(11.0) ENTP (Extraversion intuition Thinking Perception) 7(5.5) ESTJ (Extraversion Sensing Thinking Judgement) 15(11.8) ESFJ (Extraversion Sensing Feeling Judgement) 20(15.7) ENFJ (Extraversion intuition Feeling Judgement) 7(5.5) ST (Sensing Thinking) 42(33.1) SF (Sensing Feeling) 52(40.9) NF (intuition Feeling) 24(18.9) NT (intuition Thinking) 9(7.1) SJ (Sensing Judgement) 58(45.7) SP (Sensing Perception) 36(28.3) NF (intuition Feeling) 24(18.9) NT (intuition Thinking) 9(7.1) * Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 4. 논의 본연구는간호대학생을대상으로 MBTI 성격유형에따른공감능력과의사소통능력의차이를파악하기위해시도되었다. 대상자의 MBTI 성격유형을분석한결과 ESFJ형, ESTJ형, ENFP형, ESFP형의순으로나타났고, 16개성격유형중 INTJ형과 ENTJ형을제외한 14개유형으로분석되었는데, Hwang과 Kim[21] 의연구에서 ISTJ형, ESTJ형, ISFJ형의순으로나타났던결과와는차이가있고, Jang 과 Kim[22] 의 ESFJ형, ESFP형, ESTJ형의순으로나타났던결과와는유사하다. 이는 Hwang과 Kim[21] 의연구와본연구는연구진행시기에차이가있어, 시대에따라사회적인분위기가급격하게변화하면서간호대학생의 MBTI 성격유형도내향형에서외향형으로변화된것이라생각된다. 대상자의 MBTI 심리기능유형은 SF형, ST형, NF형, NT형의순으로나타났는데, Lee, Kim 과 Chu[23] 의연구에서 ST형, SF형, NF형, NT형의순으로나타나다소차이가있었다. 그러나, NF형이나 NT형에비해, 가장 빈도가높았던 SF형과 ST형간에는 5 7% 정도의근소한차이를보였다. 본연구에서 MBTI 심리기능유형중 SF형과 ST형이 74% 로감각형 S형이대부분을차지하고있었는데, 이는 MBTI의한국표준화에관한연구에서대상자인대학생의 73%[15], MBTI 성격유형에따른스트레스정도, 스트레스대처방식및학교적응연구에서대상자인간호대학생의 73%[23] 가감각형 S였다는결과와일치하였다. 대상자의 MBTI 심리기질유형에서는 SJ형, SP형, NF형, NT형의순으로나타났고, Jang 과 Kim[22] 의연구와 Lee, Kim과 Chu[23] 의연구결과와일치하였다. 간호대학생에서가장많은분포를나타낸감각적판단형 SJ형은보호자적기질이라고도불리며책임과의무를중요하게생각하는특성을가지고있어계획적인간호를시간내에수행해야하는간호사의자질에부합하는유형이긴하나, Lee, Kim과 Chu[23] 는 SJ형이어떤문제에직면하는경우전체적인상황을파악하는데미숙할수있으므로간호업무수행시응급이나위기상황에대해신속히대응하는것에익숙할수있도록보완하는교육이필요하다고강조하였다. 대상자의공감능력은 5점만점에평균 3.70점으로동일한도구를사용했고본연구와같이간호대학생 1 4 학년을대상으로한 Kim과 Yi[24] 의연구에서평균 3.58점, 3 4학년을대상으로한 Yang, Lim과 Lee[11] 의연구에서평균 3.50점이었던결과보다다소높았다. 그러나, 의학교육에서도의대생들의공감능력증진을주요목표로세우고공감능력향상을위한교육프로그램의개발과운영의필요성을주장 [25] 하고있는바, 간호대학생들의공감능력향상을위한교육또한계획적으로실행하는적극적인노력이필요하다. 대상자의의사소통능력은 5점만점에평균 3.63점으로, 동일한도구로간호대학생 2학년을대상으로한 Joo, Sohng과 Kim[26] 의연구에서평균 3.68점이었던결과와는비슷하였고, 1 4학년공과대학생을대상으로한 Hwang과 Yun[27] 의연구에서평균 3.59점이었던결과와도많은차이가없는수준이었다. 이는앞으로임상현장에서실제간호업무를수행하게될예비전문직간호사로서, 의사소통능력을상대적으로덜필요로하는공과대학생과는차별적인의사소통능력향상교육을받아야함에도불구하고그러한프로그램이간호학과교육과정에충분히반영되지않고있음을단적으로보여주는 307

6 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 4 호, 2016 Table 3. Empathic Ability and Communication Ability according to General Characteristics of Subjects (N=127) Variables Category Empathic ability Communication ability Mean ± SD t or F(p) Mean ± SD t or F(p) Gender Female 3.70± ± Male 3.57±0.38 (.403) 3.71±0.42 (.600) Grade 1 a 3.71± ± b 3.73± ±0.36 (<.001) 3 c 3.59±0.36 (.368) 3.56±0.34 a,b,c<d 4 d 3.73± ±0.31 Place of residence Dormitory 3.73± ± Home 3.69± ±0.35 (.586) (.030) Rented room 3.65± ±0.34 Health status Good a 3.70± ± Common b 3.68± ±0.35 (.005) (.897) Bad c 3.77± ±0.07 a>b Interpersonal Good 3.73± ± relationships Common 3.62± ±0.32 (.055) (<.001) Bad 4.27± ±0.00 Entrance motive High employment rate 3.66± ±0.35 Appropriate aptitude 3.78± ±0.37 Recommendation by parent and teacher 3.76± ± Good image and experience on nurse 3.68±0.28 (.032) 3.72±0.25 (.033) High school record 3.33± ±0.31 Have a service job 3.68± ±0.32 Satisfaction on Very satisfactory 3.85± ±0.40 university life A bit satisfactory 3.71± ± Common 3.68± ±0.33 (.460) (.012) A bit unsatisfactory 3.62± ±0.33 Very unsatisfactory 3.58± ±0.07 Satisfaction on Very satisfactory 3.77± ±0.35 major A bit satisfactory 3.73± ± Common 3.59± ±0.34 (.115) (.002) A bit unsatisfactory 3.51± ±0.37 Very unsatisfactory 3.87± ±0.00 Perceptive Fine a 3.81± ± academic Medium b 3.68± ±0.36 (.008) (.147) achievements Poorc 3.63± ±0.33 a>c Total 3.70± ±0.36 결과라고사료된다. 그러므로, 간호대학생의의사소통능력향상을위한학과차원의지속적인노력이필요하다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른공감능력은입학동기 에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었는데, Kim 과 Yi[24] 의연구에서성별, 학년, 전공만족도등에따라유의한차이가있었던결과와는다르게나타났다. 또한, 입 Table 4. Empathic Ability and Communication Ability of Subjects according to Function, Temperament of MBTI (N=127) Variables Function of MBTI Temperament of MBTI Empathic ability Communication ability Category Mean ± SD F(p) Mean ± SD F(p) ST (Sensing Thinking) a 3.61± ± SF (Sensing Feeling) b 3.77± ±0.35 (.026) NF (intuition Feeling) c 3.71±0.35 (.139) 3.81±0.30 a<c NT (intuition Thinking) d 3.60± ±0.41 SJ (Sensing Judgement) 3.69± ±0.34 SP (Sensing Perception) 3.71± ±0.38 NF (intuition Feeling) 3.71±0.35 (.872) 3.81±0.30 NT (intuition Thinking) 3.60± ± (.033) 308

7 학동기중 적성에맞아서 라고응답한대상자에서공감능력점수가가장높았던이유는대상자본인의성향이공감능력을많이필요로하는간호사의적성에맞다고판단해간호학과를선택했기때문인것으로사료된다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른의사소통능력은학년, 거주형태, 건강상태, 교우관계, 입학동기, 대학생활만족도, 간호학전공만족도, 인지한학업성적에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었는데, Ji, Bang과 Jeon[14] 의연구에서전공만족에따라, Lee와 Gu[28] 의연구에서건강상태에따라유의한차이가있었던결과와다소차이를보였다. 이는 Ji, Bang과 Jeon[14] 의연구의경우 1, 2학년을대상으로다른의사소통능력도구를사용하였고, Lee와 Gu[28] 의연구의경우같은도구를사용했으나 2학년을대상으로하여측정도구와연구대상자에차이가있어나타난결과라생각된다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른공감능력은통계적으로유의한차이가없었으나심리기능유형중 SF 형이평균 3.77점으로공감능력이가장높았다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른공감능력을확인하는선행연구가없어결과를비교할수는없으나 SF형은동정적우호적유형으로주로개인의주관이나온정을바탕으로의사결정을하고감정을신뢰하면서타인에게미치는영향을중시하는유형이기때문 [29] 에공감능력이높은것으로판단된다. 또한, SF형은간호사, 소아과의사, 초등학교교사등의직업에서성공과만족을가질수있다 [29] 고하였는데, 본연구에서간호대학생중 SF형이 40.9% 로가장많은빈도를나타내선호경향에맞게학과를선택한것으로생각할수있다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형에따른의사소통능력은유의한차이가있었는데, 사후분석결과 NF형이 ST형보다유의하게더높은것으로나타났다. 직관적감정형인 NF형은열정적통찰적유형으로판단이필요한경우감정을사용하는따뜻한온정의소유자이고, 복잡한커뮤니케이션에관심이많을뿐아니라직관적통찰을인간관계에사용하기때문에 [29] 대상자의감정을온전히이해하는것을바탕으로효과적이면서사회적으로도적절한방법으로의사소통할수있는능력 [30] 이높은것으로판단된다. 그러나, 간호사관생도를대상으로성격유형과학업성취도의관계를분석한결과통계적으로유의하진않았지만 NF형에서학업성취도가가장낮게나타났고 [31], NF형은인식할때는감각보다직관을선호하 기때문에구체적상황에는관심을두지않는경향이있으므로 [29], 이러한취약점을보완할수있도록다양한상황별시나리오에따른시뮬레이션실습등교육과프로그램의수행이필요할것이라사료된다. 한편, ST형의의사소통능력이가장낮은것으로나타났는데, ST형은실제적이고사실중심적유형으로논리적분석에의해의사결정하고인정에얽매이지않는경향을보이므로 [29], 상대방에대한온정적이해를바탕으로한의사소통능력이상대적으로낮았던것으로생각된다. 그러므로, ST형의간호대학생의경우공감능력과의사소통능력함양을위해서는명확하게학습목표를제시한후 [32] 단원에따른구체성을강조하고자발적동기화를강화할수있는교수법즉, 소그룹활동, 발표식수업, 문제중심학습등을다양하게활용해야한다 [2]. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에따른공감능력은유의한차이가없었으나, 심리기질유형중 SP형과 NF형이평균 3.71점으로가장높았고 SJ형과큰차이는나타내지않았다. NT형이평균 3.60점으로공감능력이가장낮았는데, NT형은직관적사고형으로자기만의판단기준을가지고있으면서화를잘내고통솔및통제하는것을즐기며의사소통시정서표현이서툰비사교적성향을가지기때문에 [33] 다른유형에비해공감능력이낮게나타난것으로사료된다. 그러므로, NT형의공감능력을향상시키기위해서는기본적으로깔려있는자기중심적태도를변화시킬수있는프로그램의운영이선행되어야할것으로생각된다. MBTI의 4가지심리기질유형에따른의사소통능력은통계적으로유의한차이가있었는데, NF형이가장높았고, SP형이가장낮은것으로나타났다. NF형은기질적으로개별적인관계를중시하고정서적민감성이높으며의사소통에능하여 [33] 다른기질에비해의사소통능력이높았던반면, 예술가적기질이있는감각적인식형 SP형은본연구결과에따르면공감능력이다른유형에비해다소높지만, 본질적으로자유롭고충동적이며구속을싫어하고의무를부담스러워하기때문에 [29] 다른심리기질유형에비해의사소통능력이낮은것으로판단된다. 그러므로, 이러한 SP형의의사소통능력향상을위해서는매우표현적이고활동지향적인성향에맞도록 [29] 다른 MBTI 심리기질유형의교육방식과는차별화된흥미를유발할수있는게임이나예술을접목한활동적인프로그램을개발하고시행하는노력이필요할것으 309

8 한국산학기술학회논문지제 17 권제 4 호, 2016 로생각된다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형과심리기질유형에따른공감능력에서통계적으로유의한차이가없었던것은심리기능유형과심리기질유형의 S와 N, T와 F, J와 P의조합에서어떤한쪽으로편중된점수를가져심리기능과심리기질유형이결정되어도그러한선호성을얼마나잘활용하는가는개인에따라다양한특성으로발현될수있기때문 [34] 이라생각된다. 다시말하면, 뚜렷한선호성이있는개인은그선호성을잘활용하여선호성과관련된기술과능력을발달시킬가능성이매우높지만어떤개인은이러한선호성을잘활용하는과정이일어나지않을수있으므로, MBTI 성격유형관련연구대상자들의선호도에따른특성발현에차이가나타나 [23] 본연구의대상자인간호대학생의 MBTI 4가지심리기능유형과심리기질유형에따른공감능력에차이가없었던것이라생각된다. 그러나, 상대적으로공감능력보다간호학과교육과정에의해강화된의사소통능력은심리기능유형과심리기질유형에따라차별적으로향상되어차이를나타낸것이라사료된다. 5. 결론및제언본연구는간호대학생을대상으로공감능력과의사소통능력정도를확인하고, MBTI 성격유형에따른공감능력과의사소통능력을파악하기위해시도되었다. 연구결과, 대상자의 MBTI 유형은 16가지유형중 ESFJ형이 15.7% 로가장많았고, 대상자의공감능력은 5점만점에평균 3.70점, 의사소통능력은 5점만점에평균 3.63점으로보통수준이상으로나타났다. 공감능력은입학동기 (F=2.540, p=.032) 에따라유의한차이가있었고, 의사소통능력은학년 (F=6.881, p<.001), 거주형태 (F=3.619, p=.030), 건강상태 (F=5.593, p=.005), 교우관계 (F=10.115, p<.001), 입학동기 (F=2.524, p=.033), 대학생활만족도 (F=3.343, p=.012), 간호학전공만족도 (F=4.498, p=.002), 인지한학업성적 (F=4.977, p=.008) 에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. MBTI의 4가지심리기능유형과심리기질유형에따른공감능력은유의한차이가없었고, 의사소통능력은 MBTI 의 4가지심리기능유형 (F=3.194, p=.026) 과심리기질유형 (F=3.004, p=.033) 에따라통계적으로유의한차이가있었다. 본연구결과를토대로다음과같이제언하고자한다. 첫째, 지역별간호대학생대규모표본을대상으로동일한도구를사용하여 MBTI 성격유형에따른공감능력과의사소통능력의차이를일반화할수있는반복연구가필요하다. 둘째, 지역별간호대학생대규모표본을대상으로 MBTI 성격유형을파악하여그특성에따른효율적인간호학과교육과정을구축할필요가있다. References [1] Y. Hosoda, Development and testing of a clinical learning environment diagnostic inventory for baccalaureate nursing students, Journal of advanced nursing, vol. 56, no. 5, pp , DOI: [2] H. K. Jung, M. S. Kim, Y. J. Yoo, S. O. Kim, D. Y. Won, A study on the relationship between personality, learning attitude and academic achievement of nursing students, The Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society, Vol.13, no. 4, pp , [3] S. U. Lim, A study on child care teachers' MBTI personality types and job satisfaction, Unpublished master's thesis, Baekseok University, Chungcheongnam-do, [4] M. L. Haffman, Empathy and moral development: implications for caring and justice, New Youk: Cambridge University Press, DOI: [5] J. Travelbee, Interpersonal aspects of nursing (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, [6] S. Brunero, S. Lamont, M. Coates, A review of empathy education in nursing, Nursing Inquiry, vol. 17, no. 1, pp , DOI: [7] S. H. Park, Empathy and prosocial behavior, Seoul: Moonumsa, [8] E. J. Ji, Influence of nursing professionalism, empathic ability on communication ability in senior nursing student, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, vol. 16, no. 3, pp , [9] M. S. Chung, Relations on self-esteem, empathy and interpersonal relationship for reinforcing competence in communication of nursing students, The Journal of Korean academic society of nursing education, vol. 20, no. 2, pp , DOI: [10] M. Jung, Influence of ego states, self Esteem, and empathies on interpersonal relationship of nursing students, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, vol. 16, no. 7, pp , DOI: [11] S. Y. Yang, H. N. Lim, J. H. Lee, The study on relationship 310

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