Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.1, January (2019), pp

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1 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.1, January (2019), pp 간호대학생의임상수행능력에미치는영향요인 김순희 1), 지영주 2) Kim, Soon Hee 1), Jee, Youngju 2) 요약 본연구는간호대학생의임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력및눈치가임상수행능력에미치는영향요인을파악하여기초자료를제공하기위하여시행되었다. 자료수집은 2018 년 4 월 1 일부터 5 월 30 일까지부산에소재한일개대학교간호학과학생 132 명을대상으로하였으며, 연구목적을알고연구에참여할것을설명하여연구에동의한학생들을대상으로자가보고식설문지를작성하여진행하였다. 수집된자료는 SPSS Ver. 21 을이용하여분석하였다. 연구결과간호대학생의임상수행능력에영향을주는요인은의사소통능력 (β=.63), 임상실습스트레스 (β=.53) 순이었다. 이러한변수들은간호대학생의임상수행능력에 59% 설명하는것으로나타났다. 따라서간호대학생의임상수행능력과임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치와의관계를파악해봄으로서, 간호대학생의임상수행능력을향상시키기위하여의사소통능력을강화시키고임상실습스트레스를줄여임상적응력을높이기위한프로그램개발및적용이필요할것이다. 핵심어 : 간호대학생, 임상수행능력, 임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치 Abstract The reserch was aimed to investigate n was to identify the factors affecting the clinical performance of nursing students and to provide basic data for educational program development. Data collection was conducted from April 1, 2018 to May 30, 2018, in 132 students of a nursing student at a university in Busan. The students who understood the purpose of the study and participated in the study, A questionnaire was prepared and followed.data were analyzed using descriptive stastics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN(Ver.21.0). The results were as follows: communication ability (β =.63) and clinical practice stress (β =.53) were the factors influencing the clinical performance of nursing students. These variables account for 59% of the clinical performance of nursing students. Therefore by understanding the relationship between the clinical performance of nursing college students and clinical practice stress, communication ability, and noticing, it is necessary to enhance communication ability, Received(December 11, 2018), Review Result(December 28, 2018) Accepted(January 5, 2019), Published(January 31, 2019) 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Yangji-ro 5beon-gil, Busanjin-gu, Busan, Korea ozblood@dit.ac.kr 2 (Corresponding Author) Assistant Professor, Kyungnam University, College of Nursing, Woryeongbuk 16-gil, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea jeeyoungju@kyungnam.ac.kr ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright c 2019 HSST 467

2 nursing stress, It will be necessary to develop and apply the program. Keywords : Nursing Students, Clinical Competence, Clinical Practice Stress, Communication Skill, Nunchi 1. 서론 간호학문에서의교육은간호대학생이간호임상실무현장에서요구하는지식, 기술, 태도등의핵심간호능력을갖추도록준비시켜서전문전인간호서비스를제공할수있도록간호사로양성하는것이큰목적이다. 또한간호교육중에서임상실습은학교에서익힌지식을임상실무에연계하여임상수행능력을갖춘간호사로배출하기위해핵심적인역할을하고있고, 간호대학생은총체적으로임상수행능력을기르기위해간호지식을실무와통합하기위해의사소통능력, 핵심기본간호술등을적용하면서문제해결능력을함양하고전문직업인으로서의기본적인능력을갖추게된다 [1]. 임상수행능력은간호실무를수행하는데간호대상자의요구에대하여자신의지식을기반으로하여간호기술, 태도등의역량을통합하여바람직한간호역살을수행하는능력을의미한다 [2,3]. 그래서임상수행능력이좋으며간호업무의수행이효과적이므로, 숙련된임상수행능력이곧간호업무의질을높이는중요한요인이다 [4]. 특히간호대학생들의임상수행능력은이론수업으로알게된지식을다양한사례를기반으로재구성되므로, 임상실습교육이임상수행능력의향상에매우중용한역할을한다고하겠다 [5]. 최근환자들의건강에대한관심과정보수집능력의향상, 환자인권존중의강화등의영향으로임상현장에서간호학임상실습은실제환자를대상으로실습을하는데큰제약이있으며 [6], 다양한원인들에의해간호대학생들은간호중재를환자들에게직접적용하기보다는대부분관찰위주의실습으로이루어지고있어서임상수행능력함양의한계가있다 [7]. 간호대학생들의임상수행능력을위한다양한교육전략과연구들이진행되고있으나여전히개별교과목이나암환자임상수행능력, 리더쉽등과관련되어연구를진행하고있어다양한분야의연구들이이루어져야한다. 앞으로간호사가될간호대학생이임상수행능력이높은수준이어야스트레스를덜받고임상적응력이좋으며질높은간호를제공할수있다 [8]. 임상실습스트레스란임상실습에대한긴장, 불안등의부정적인요인으로인하여임상실습을진행하는데효율적이지못하고방해가되는상태를말한다 [9]. 간호대학생은임상실습이라는낮선환경, 자신감결여, 과도한과제물, 전문지식부족과역할갈등, 이론과실습사이의격차로인한혼돈, 갑작스런위기상황, 보호자나환자와의대인관계등으로임상실습스트레스를받는상황에처한다 [10]. 의사소통능력이란임상현장에서간호사가갖추어야하는필수요소인동시에간호교육에있어서중요한핵심요소이다. 또한의사소통은가장영향력있는치료적도구이며, 긍정적인건강결과를성취하기위한필수적인요소이고타인에게영향을미친다 [11]. 의사소통능력은앞으로간호사가될간호대학생들에게있어서임상수행능력에영향을미치는영향이다. 눈치는생각, 느낌, 기분등상대방의마음이나처한상황의분위기를파악하고상대방의마음이나처한상황의분위기에맞게 468 Copyright c 2019 HSST

3 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.1, January (2019) 행동하는것이다 [12]. 다양한상황에적응해야하는업무의특성상눈치가있어야적응을하고임 상에서간호를수행하는데문제가없을것이다. 앞으로간호사가될간호대학생이임상수행능력이 높은수준이어야스트레스를덜받고임상적응력이놓아서질높은간호를제공할수있다. 이에 본연구에서는간호대학생의임상수행능력과임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치정도를파악 하고, 이들간의관계를확인하여임상수행능력에영향을미치는요인을파악해서임상수행능력 향상을위한교육프로그램개발마련을위한기초자료를제공하고자본연구를시행하였다. 2. 연구방법 2.1 연구설계 일개대학교간호학과학생들의임상수행능력에영향을미치는요인을알아보기위한서술적 조사연구이다. 2.2 연구대상및자료수집방법및기간 연구대상자는부산광역시에소재한일개대학교간호학과학생 132 명으로하였다. 연구기간은 2018 년 4 월 1 일부터 5 월 30 일까지이고연구목적을설명하고이해한학생을대상으로연구에참여 할것을설명하여, 연구에동의한학생들을대상으로자가보고식설문지를작성하도록하였다. 2.3 연구도구 임상수행능력측정도구임상수행능력측정도구는 Choi[13] 의도구를사용하였는데, 이도구는간호과정, 간호기술, 대인관계 / 의사소통, 전문직발전 5개영역 45문항으로구성되어있다. 간호과정, 간호기술, 대인관계 / 의사소통, 전문직발전 5개영역이며, 각문항은 매우잘한다 5점, 매우잘못한다 에 1점의 Likert척도로측정되며, 합계점수가높으면임상수행능력이높음을의미한다. Choi[13] 연구에서신뢰도는 Cronbach's α는.92이었고, 본연구에서 Cronbach's α는.93으로의신뢰도를보였다 임상실습스트레스측정도구임상실습스트레스측정도구는 Hwang[14] 의도구를사용하였으며개인특성, 상황특성, 외부적조정요인등 3개하위영역으로총 58문항으로구성되어있다. 하위영역의상황특성은의료인의태도관련 6문항, 환자 보호자태도관련 6문항, 실습환경관련 9문항, 실습상황관련 9문항, 역할 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright c 2019 HSST 469

4 갈등관련 2문항의총 32문항이고, 개인특성은심리적요인관련 7문항, 지식 기술적요인관련 6 문항, 사회적요인관련 4문항총 17문항이며, 외부적조정요인은과제물관련 4문항, 학사일정관련 5문항총 9문항으로구성되었다. 각문항은 1점 전혀느끼지않는다 에서 5점 아주심하게느낀다 의 Likert척도로, 합계점수가높으면임상실습스트레스정도가높은것을의미한다. Hwang[14] 의연구에서도구의신뢰도는 Cronbach's α는.94이었고, 본연구에서는 Cronbach's α는.94였다 의사소통능력측정도구의사소통능력은 Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale의의사소통구성개면 8가지에 Hur[15] 가 7가지개념을더하여수정보완한 Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale를사용하였고 15문항으로구성되어있다. 각문항은 1저 전혀그렇지않다 에서 5점 매우그렇다 의 Likert척도로측정되며합계점수가높으면의사소통능력이좋은것을의미한다. Hur[15] 의연구에서 Cronbach's α는.72의신뢰도를보였고, 본연구에서 Cronbach's α는.92의신뢰도를보였다 눈치측정도구눈치측정도구는 Heo & Park[16] 가개발한도구로상대방혹은상황을파악하는 눈치-파악 요인 7문항과상황에맞는행동을하는 눈치-행동 요인 5문항으로총 12문항으로구성되어있다. 각문항은 1점 전혀아니다 에서 5점 매우그렇다 의 Likert척도로되어있다. Heo & Park[16] 의연구에서 Cronbach's α는.87의신뢰도를보였고, 본연구에서 Cronbach's α는.91의신뢰도를보였다. 2.4 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS Ver. 21을이용하여분석하였다. 대상자의임상수행능력, 임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치의수준은평균과표준편차로분석하였다. 대상자의임상수행능력, 임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치간의관계는 Pearson correlation 으로분석하였다. 대상자의임상수행능력에영향을미치는영향은단계적다중회귀분석으로분석하였다. 470 Copyright c 2019 HSST

5 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.1, January (2019) 3. 연구결과 3.1 간호대학생의임상수행능력관련특성 연구대상자의임상수행능력관련특성의정도는 Table 1 과같다. 임상수행능력은평균 ±26.30 점, 임상실습스트레스는평균 ±43.78 점, 의사소통능력은평균 56.18±7.35 점, 눈치 는평균 46.48±5.96 점이었다. [ 표 1] 간호대학생의임상수행능력관련특성 [Table 1] Characteristics of Clinical Competence (N=132) Variables Mean±SD Actual Range Clinical Competence ± Clinical Practice Stress ± Communication Skill 56.18± Nunchi 46.48± 간호대학생의임상수행능력상관변수 대상자의임상수행능력과다른변수들간의상관관계는 Table 2와같다. 임상수행능력과임상실습스트레스는유의한양의상관관계 (r=.630, p<.001) 가나타났고, 임상수행능력과의사소통능력도유의한양의상관관계 (r=.523, p<.001) 이었다. 임상수행능력과눈치도양의상관관계 (r=.281, p=.001) 이었다. 임상실습스트레스와눈치는유의한상관관계 (r=.281, p=.001) 가없었고, 의사소통능력과눈치도유의한양의상관관계 (r=.818, p<.001) 가나타났다. [ 표 2] 간호대학생의임상수행능력상관변수 [Table 2] Correlations for Clinical Competence (N=132) Variables Clinical Competence Clinical Competence 1 Clinical Practice Stress r(p) Communication Skill Nunchi Clinical Practice Stress (<.001) 1 Communication Skill (<.001) (0.073) 1 Nunchi (0.001) (0.954) (<.001) 1 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright c 2019 HSST 471

6 3.3 간호대학생의임상수행능력예측요인 간호대학생의임상수행능력에영향을미치는요인은 Table 3와같고, 이를파악하기위하여종속변수로임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치를독립변수로하여다중회기분설을실시하였다. 분석전오차항들의자기상관이있는지알아보기위해더빈-왓슨통계량을구한결과 1.976으로 3 미만의값으로나타났으며, 독립변수들간에다중공선성이있는지알아보기위해공차한계와 VIF 를구한결과공차한계를모두 0.1보다큰값으로나타났으며, VIF는모두 10이하로나타나다중공선성의문제가없음으로확인되었다. 대상자의임상수행능력에영향을미치는요인을파악하기위해각변수를독립변수로하여단계적다중회귀분석을실시한분석결과임상수행능력에가장큰영향을미치는변인은의사소통능력 (β=.631) 이었으며, 다음으로임상실습스트레스 (β=.530), 임상실습스트레스 (β=-.233) 순으로나타났다. 임상수행능력에임상실습스트레스, 의사소통능력, 눈치가영향요인으로검증되었으며 (F=63.71,p<.001,), 이들변수의설명력은 59.0% 이었다. [ 표 3] 간호대학생의임상수행능력예측요인 [Table 3] Affecting factor on Clinical Competence (N=132) Variables B SE β t p Clinical Practice Stress <.001 Communication Skill <.001 Nunchi Adj.R2=0.590, F=63.713, p 결론및제언 본연구에서는간호대학생의임상수행능력에영향을미치는요인을파악하기위한서술적조사연구며연구대상자는부산에소재한일개대학교간호학과학생 132명으로하였다. 연구기간은 2018년 4월 1일부터 5월 30일까지이고연구목적을설명하고연구에참여할연구에동의한학생들을대상으로자가보고식설문지를작성하도록하였다. 임상수행능력측정도구는 Choi[2] 의도구를사용하였는데, 이도구는간호과정, 간호기술, 대인관계 / 의사소통, 전문직발전 5개영역 45문항으로구성되어있다. 임상실습스트레스측정도구는 Hwang[3] 의도구를사용하였으며개인특성, 상황특성, 외부적조정요인등 3개하위영역으로총 58문항으로구성되어있다. 의사소통능력은 Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale에서제시한 8가지의사소통능력구성개념에 472 Copyright c 2019 HSST

7 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.1, January (2019) Hur[4] 가 7 가지개념을합하여수정보완한 Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale 를사용하였고 15 문항으로구성되어있다. 눈치측정도구는 Heo & Park[5] 가개발한도구로 상대방혹은상황을파악하는 눈치 - 파악 요인 7 문항과상황에맞는행동을하는 눈치 - 행동 요인 5 문항으로총 12 문항으로구성되어있다. 연구결과를통해, 간호대학생의임상수행능력에영향을 주는요인은의사소통능력 (β=.63), 임상실습스트레스 (β=.53) 순이었다. 이러한변수들은간호대학생 의임상수행능력에 59% 설명하는것으로나타났다. 본연구를토대로다음과같이제언한다. 다양 한변수를통한임상수행능력영향요인파악을위한연구가반복적으로진행되어야할것이고, 간 호대학생의임상수행능력을향상시키기위하여의사소통능력을강화시키고임상실습스트레스를 줄여임상적응력을높이기위한간호대학생교육프로그램개발및적용이필요할것이다. Referance [1] K. A. Shin and B. H. Cho, Professional Self-Concept, Critical Thinking Disposition and Clinical Competence in Nursing Students, Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing. (2012), Vol.19 No.1, pp [2] Campbell, B., & Mackay. G.Continuing competence: An Ontario Nursing Regulatory Program that supports nurses and employers. Nursing Administration Quarterly, (2001). 25(2), pp [3] J. K. Ko, M. S. Chung, M. A. Choe, Y. I. Park, K. S. Bang, & J. A. Kim, Modeling of nursing competencies for competency-based curriculum development. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, (2013). 19, pp [4] Y. W. Shin, H. J. Lee, & Y. J. Lim,Predictors of the clinical competence in new graduate nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, (2010). 16, pp [5] E. K. Lee, & J. A. Park, Ego-resilience and the clinical competence of nursing students. Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing, (2013). 27, pp [6] H. S. Shin, K. K. Shim, & Y. N. Lee, Nursing activities identified through pediatric nursing simulation. Child Health Nursing Research, (2013). 19, pp [7] E. S. Do, & Y. S. Seo. Factors Influencing Clinical Competence in Nursing Students, Journal of Korean Academy Fundamental Nurse (2014). Vol.21 No.3, pp [8] J. K. Ko,M. S. Chung, M. A. Choe, Y. I. Park, K. S. Bang, & J. A. Kim, Modeling of nursing competencies for competency-based curriculum development. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, (2013). 19, pp [9] S. J. Whang, The Relationship between Clinical Stress, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem of Nursing College Students, Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, (2006). Vol.12 No.2, pp [10] S. L. Kim & J. E. Lee. Relationship among Stress Coping Strategies, and Self - esteem in Nursing Students Taking Clinical Experience, Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, (2005). Vol.11 No.1, pp ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright c 2019 HSST 473

8 [11] Y. J. Oh, Development and Effectiveness of the Communication Empowerment Program for Nursing Students : based on the Theory of Transfer of Learning, College of Nursing, The Graduate School of Korea University, (2008). [12] J. H. Heo, W. J. Park, & S. J. Kim, Conceptualization of Nunchi, The humanity science Academy, (2012). Vol.33, pp [13] M. S. Choi, A study on the relationship between teaching effectiveness of clinical nursing education and &clinical competency in nursing students. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul. [14] S. J. Hwang, The Relationship between Clinical Stress, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem of Nursing College Students, Journal of the Margaret Pritchard College of Nursing. (2002), Vol.14 No.1, pp [15] G. H. Hur, Construction and Validation of a Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale, Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies. (2003), Vol.47 No.6, pp [16] J. H. Heo and W. J. Park, Development and Validation of Nunchi Scale, Korean Journal of Counselin. (2013), Vol. 14, No. 6, pp Copyright c 2019 HSST

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