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1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.23, No.3, July 2017: ISSN(Print) ISSN(Online) 이영은, 김은영, 박선영 고신대학교간호대학 Effect of Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-Being on Resilience in Nursing Students Young Eun Lee, Eunyoung Kim, Sun Young Park College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting resilience in nursing students. Methods: A survey was conducted with 200 nursing students at a college and a university in P city and K city. Data were collected from March 1 to 20, 2017, and analyzed with SPSS PASW Results: In the hierarchical analysis, factors affecting resilience were emotional intelligence (β=.39, p<.001), psychological well-being (β=.31, p<.001), and self-esteem (β=.16, p=.010). The variable that had the highest impact was emotional intelligence and the explanation power of the regression model was 65%(F=34.40 p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that emotional intelligence, psychological well-being, and self-esteem are essential for resilience in nursing students. Thus, enhancing emotional intelligence and psychological well-being would be an effective strategy to improve resilience in nursing students. Key words: Students, Nursing, Self-concept, Emotional intelligence, Psychological resilience 서 론 연구의필요성,, [1].,. Corresponding author Eunyoung Kim College of Nursing, Kosin University, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea TEL humankey@naver.com Key words 간호, 학생, 자아존중감, 정서지능, 회복탄력성 Received 26 April 2017 Received in revised form 30 May 2017 Accepted 17 July 2017 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [2].,, [1,3,4]. [3]., [5]. (Resilience) [6].., [4]. Copyright 2017 Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing 385

2 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.23, No.3, July 2017: [7,8]. [9], [10,11]. [11]. [12]. [13]. Stephens[14] Gillespie, Chaboyer Wallis (2007),,,,,,,,.. /. /,. (Self-esteem), [15,16]. Iacobucci[7],. (Emotional intelligence),, [16]. Seo, Min Lee[17],. (Psychological well-being) [18], [10] [12].,, Jee Kim[19],, Park[20],,,,,, Park Kwon[21],,.,.,,,. 연구목적,,.,,,,.,.,,,,.,. 연구방법 연구설계. 연구대상 P K

3 2, 3, G*power (α).05, (1-β).09, (fz) medium (.15), , 2, 연구도구자아존중감 Rosenberg (1965) (Self-Esteem Scale) Baik[22] , 4 Likert 4 4, 1. Baik[22] Chronbach s α.84,.84. 정서지능 Wong Law (2002) (Wong & Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, WLEIS) Jung[23] , 4, 4, 4 Likert 7 1, 7. Jung[23] Chronbach s α.87,.91. 심리적안녕감 Joseph, Maltby, Wood, Stockon, Hunt Regal (2012a) Jeong Kim[24] , 8 Likert 5 1, 5. Jeong Kim[24] Chronbach s α 회복탄력성 Shin, Kim Kim[25] (Resilience Scale, RS) , 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 Likert 5 1, 5. Shin, Kim Kim[25] Chronbach s α 자료수집및방법 P K K (IRB).. 윤리적고려 K ( : SB ),,.. 자료분석방법 SPSS/WIN 22.0.,,,.,,,,,,., t- test, ANOVA, Scheffé test.,,, Pearson correlation coefficients., 이영은, 김은영, 박선영 387

4 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.23, No.3, July 2017: 대상자의일반적특성 연구결과 ± 4.09(, : 19-51) %, 98.5%, 95.0%, 57.5%, 53.0%. 57.0%, 86.5%, 93.5%, 92.0%, 92.0%. 30.5%, 72.0%, 50.5%, 50.5% (Table 1). 대상자의자아존중감, 정서지능, 심리적안녕감, 회복탄력성정도,,, ± 0.50(4 ), 4.96 ± 0.82(7 ) ± 0.53(5 ), 3.70 ± 0.44(5 ) (Table 2). 대상자의일반적특성에따른회복탄력성정도의차이 (t =2.16, p =.031), (t = 4.18, p =.017), (t =2.88, p=.004), (t = 4.02, p<.001), (t =2.99, p=.003), (t =2.54, p =.012), (t =3.13, p =.002), (t =2.32, p =.021).,,,,,,, (Table 1). 대상자의자아존중감, 정서지능, 심리적안녕감, 회복탄력성정도와의관계 (r =.60, p<.001), (r =.73, p<.001), (r =.74, p<.001). (r =.70, p<.001), (r =.64, p<.001), (r =.74, p<.001) (Table 3). 대상자의회복탄력성에영향을미치는요인.. Durbin-Watson 1.894, (Tolerance) (Variance Inflation Factor, VIF) (β=.18, p =.018), (β=.14, p=.039), 14%. 2 (β=.39, p<.001), (β=.31, p<.001), (β=.16, p=.010) (β=.39, p<.001). 2 51% 65% (Table 4). 논의., 2.73 ± 0.37(4 ). Kim Hong[26] 2.89 ± 0.44 Iacobucci[7] 3.30 ± 0.42, Jung, Cho Chung[12] 2.80 ± 0.40.,. Iacobucci[7],

5 Table 1. General Characteristic and Differences of Resilience in Nursing Student (N=200) Characteristics Categories n ( %) M±SD t or F p Gender Male Female 20 (10.0) 180 (90.0) 3.85± ± Age (year) (15.5) 55 (27.5) 46 (24.0) 26 (13.0) 42 (20.0) 3.65± ± ± ± ± Grade (35.0) 78 (39.0) 52 (26.0) 3.70± ± ± Marital status Single Married 197 (98.5) 3 (1.5) 3.70± ± Military service Yes No 3 (15.0) 17 (85.0) 3.83± ± Transference Yes No 10 (5.0) 190 (95.0) 3.83± ± Living status Live with parents Don t live with parents 115 (57.5) 85 (42.5) 3.69± ± Academic achievement Satisfaction Non-satisfaction 94 (47.0) 106 (53.0) 3.77± ± Parents economic status High a Middle b Low c 43 (21.0) 114 (57.0) 43 (21.0) 3.78± ± ± a>b>c Health status Healthy Unhealthy 173 (86.5) 27 (13.5) 3.73± ± Interpersonal relationship Good Not good 187 (93.5) 13 (6.5) 3.73± ± <.001 Family support High Not high 184 (92.0) 16 (8.0) 3.73± ± Friend s support High Not high 184 (92.0) 16 (8.0) 3.72± ± Reasons for application Employment rate Aptitude and interest RPS Professional High school results Others 61 (30.5) 60 (30.0) 47 (23.5) 21 (10.5) 5 (2.5) 6 (3.0) 3.69± ± ± ± ± ± Satisfaction of major Satisfaction Non-satisfaction 144 (72.0) 56 (28.0) 3.76± ± Leisure activity Much Not much 91 (45.5) 109 (54.5) 3.78± ± Religion None Christianity Buddhism Catholic 101 (50.5) 72 (36.0) 23 (11.5) 4 (2.0) 3.70± ± ± ± a, b, c=scheffé test. RPS=Recommendation of parents and surroundings. 이영은, 김은영, 박선영 389

6 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.23, No.3, July 2017: Table 2. Descriptive Statistics Related Variables of Resilience in Nursing Students (N=200) Variables n M ± SD Item range Min. Max. M ± SD Scale range Self-esteem ± ~ ± ~4 Emotional intelligence ± ~ ± ~7 Psychological well-being ± ~ ± ~5 Resilience ± ~ ± ~5 Table 3. Correlation Coefficients of Related Variables with Resilience (N=200) Variables Self esteem Emotional intelligence Psychological well-being Resilience r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) Self-esteem 1 Emotional intelligence.60 (<.001) 1 Psychological well-being.70 (<.001).73 (<.001) 1 Resilience.64 (<.001).74 (<.001).74 (<.001) 1 Table 4. Factors Affecting Resilience (N=200) Variables Categories β t p Adj. R 2 ΔR 2 F (p) Level 1 Level 2 Satisfaction of academic achievement* Parents economic status Health status Interpersonal relationship Family support Friend s support Satisfaction about major # Leisure activity ** Satisfaction of academic achievement* Parents economic status Health status Interpersonal relationship Family support Friend s support Satisfaction about major # Leisure activity ** Emotional intelligence Psychological well-being Self-esteem <.001 < (<.001) (<.001) *Dummy coded (non-satisfaction=0); Dummy coded ( middle=0); Dummy coded (non-healthy=0); Dumm coded (not good=0); Dummy coded (not high=0); Dummy coded (not high=0); # Dummy coded (non-satisfaction=0); **Dummy coded (not much=0).., 4.96 ± 0.82(7 ). Shin[13] 4.76 ± Stephens[14].., 3.82 ± 0.53(5 ) 390

7 Shin[13] 3.42 ± 0.42,..,, Shin[13],,,., 2., 3.70 ± 0.44(5 )., Hong Kim[4] 3.42 ± 0.48(5 ).. 2, 3, 4, Hong Kim[4] 3, 4.,., Hong Kim[4],,.,.,,,,,,,,,, Hong Kim[4], /,,,., 2.,,,,,. Ko[9] Hong Kim[4], Shin[13],,. Haase, Kintner, Monahan Robb [27].,,,. Park Kwon[21], Ko[9] Shin [13]., Lee[11].,,,.,.,,, 65%. (β=.39, p<.001)., Gil Kim[10] (β=.42, p<.001), (β=.50, p<.001). Magnano, Craparo Paolillo[28] (β=.18, p<.001), 17%. Seo, Min Lee[17] 12,,.. Fujino et al.[29],...,,.,,,,. 이영은, 김은영, 박선영 391

8 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.23, No.3, July 2017: ,. 결론.,,.,,. Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. References 1. Lee YW, Lee YJ. A Study of the Relationships Between Daily Life Stress, Self-efficacy and University Student Life Adjustment. Journal Korean Academic Nursing. 2005;35(4): Ko JK, Park YI, Kim JA, Chung MS, Bang KS, Choe MA, et al. An identification study on core nursing competency. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2013;19(4): Koo HY, Park OK, Jung SY. Path analysis of factors influencing career preparation behavior of korean nursing students - based on social cognitive career theory. Child Health Nursing Research. 2017;23 (1): Hong HS, Kim HY. Effect of academic stress, clinical practice stress, resilience on nursing student s adjustment to college life. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Service Convergent with Art, Humanities, ana Sociology. 2016;6(2): Kwag YK. Effect of self esteem, ego resilience, social support on nursing student s adjustment to college. Journal of Korea Academia-industrial cooperation Society. 2013;14(5): Yun HJ, Yoo IY, Oh EG. Relationship among perception of parenting attitude, behavior problems and resilience of school age children. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing. 2011;17 (3): Iacobucci TA, Daly BJ, Lindell D, Griffin MQ. Professional values, self-esteem and ethical confidence of baccalaureate nursing students. Nursing Ethics. 2013;20(4): Place M, Reynolds J, Cousins, A, O Neill S. Developing a resilience package for vulnerable children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2002;7(4): Ko MS. Ego-resilience and emotional intelligence, stress coping strategies and nursing student s adjustment to college. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2015;15(10): org/ /jkca Gil HJ, Kim SY. Emotional intelligence of early childhood teachers, psychological well-being, social support, and structural relational between resilience. The Journal of Child Education. 2016;25(2): Lee OH. The influence of life stress, ego-resilience and social support on psychological well-being among college students. Korean Journal of Youth Studies. 2012;19(1): Jung HJ, Cho Chung HI. Effects of self-esteem, emotional intelligence and social support on college adjustment in first year nursing college students. Journal of Academic Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. 2012;21(3): Shin EJ. Emotional intelligence, ego resilience, stress in clinical practice of nursing students. Deagu: Keimyung University; p Stephens TM. Nursing student resilience: a concept calcification. Nursing Forum. 2013;48(2): Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescents Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; p Park YH. Effects of depression, self-esteem, and social support on suicidal ideation in college students. Child Health Nursing Research. 2017; 23(1): Seo KS, Min YH, Lee HY. Ego-resilience of Nursing Students in Korea: An Integrative Review. Journal of Health Medical Science., Cheongju University. 2016;5(1): Ryff, CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology

9 1989;57: Jee YJ, Kim KN. Factors influencing resilience of a nursing college student. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedis Service Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology. 2016;6(12): Park JY. Stress, Stress response and influencing factors on Resilience among Nursing students. Namwon: Seonam University; P Park JS, Kwon YE. Relationship between the life stress, self-esteem and resilience of university students. Journal of the korean society of maternal and child health. 2015;19(2): Baik JS. Attachment to parents: Relationship to self-esteem and adjustment to college. Journal of Korean Management Association. 2000;18(1): Jung HW. An Empirical Study on the effect of emotional intelligence in organizational effectiveness. Pusan: Pusan University; p Jeong AR, Kim JN. The validation of the Korean version of the psychological well-being-post-traumatic changes questionnaire. The Korean Journal of health psychology. 2016;21(1): Shin WY, Kim MG, Kim JH. Developing measures of resilience for korean adolescents and testing cross, convergent, and discriminant validity. Studies on Korean Youth. 2009;20(4): Kim JM. Hong SK. Influence of self-reflection, self-esteem, and empathy on happiness index in nursing students. Journal of East-West Nursing Research. 2016;22(2), Haase JE, Kintnwe EK, Monahan PO, Bobb SL. The resilience in illness model (RIM) Part 1: Exploratory evaluation in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Cancer Nurse. 2014;37(3):E1-E Fujino Y, Tanaka M, Yonemitsu Y, and Kawamoto R. The relationship between characteristics of nursing performance and years of experience in nurses with high emotional intelligence. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2015;21: Magnano, Paola, Craparo, Giuseppe, & Paolillo, Anna. Resilience and emotional intelligence: which role in achievement motivation. International Journal of Psychological Research, 2016;9(1): 이영은, 김은영, 박선영 393

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