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1 재활간호학회지제20권제2호, 2017년 12월 Korean J Rehabil Nurs Vol. 20 No. 2, 79-88, December 2017 ISSN X (Print), ISSN (Online) 재활병동간호사의재활간호직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도및교육요구도 서연옥 1 이은희 2 김인자 3 순천향대학교간호학과 1, 백석문화대학교간호학과 2, 대전대학교간호학과 3 Performance, Delegation, Job Importance and Education Needs for Tasks of Rehabilitation Nurses Suh, Yeon Ok 1 Yee, Oon Hee 2 Kim, Inja 3 1 Department of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 2 Department of Nursing, Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan 3 Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify performance, delegation, job importance and education needs for duties and tasks perceived by rehabilitation nurses. Methods: Performance, delegation, job importance and education needs in regard to 11 duties and 57 tasks were surveyed 191 nurses who worked at the rehabilitation unit. Results: Performance, job importance and education needs were high in most duties and tasks. Performance was significantly correlated with job importance. Job importance and education needs was also significantly correlated. Direct care was the highest duty in performance, job importance, and education needs. Psycho-social care, coordination, and self-development were high in job importance but low in performance. Psycho-social care, managing mobility disorder, and dysphagia care were most delegated duties. The most delegated person were employed caregiver/careworker, followed by nurse aid, and family members. Conclusion: The educational strategies and opportunities were needed for the rehabilitation nurses and delegated persons. Key Words: Rehabilitation, Nurse, Job analysis 서론 1. 연구의필요성 재활간호는장애인의의료서비스접근성을높이기위한방안으로시작되어재활병원과재활병동이확대되면서그범위를넓혀가고있다. 최근에는노인인구의증가와함께노인장기요양보험제도의정착으로시설이나재가서비스를이용하는 대상자가급격하게증가하고있어재활간호에대한요구는계속증가할것으로보인다 (Lee & Kwak, 2016; So, Kim, Park, & Lim, 2009). 재활간호는대상자의전영역에걸쳐다양하게이루어지고있는데재활간호의직무분석을통하여 11개영역의 61개직무가제시된바있다 (So et al., 2009). 또한노인장기요양시설이나방문간호에서는기관절개관간호, 흡인, 산소요법외에도욕창간호, 도뇨관리및장루간호, 당뇨발간호등이제공되고 주요어 : 재활, 간호사, 직무분석 Corresponding author: Kim, Inja Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea. Tel: , Fax: , inja@dju.kr - 본연구는 2017 년한국재활간호학회정책사업의지원을받아수행한것임. - This study is supported by the a 2017 grant from the Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing. Received: Nov 20, 2017 / Revised: Dec 7, 2017 / Accepted: Dec 15, 2017 c 2017 Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing Vol No. 2,

2 서연옥 이은희 김인자 있어 (Lee & Kwak, 2016) 재활간호직무교육은필수적이다. 재활전문병원의경우입사전에재활간호교육경험이있는집단이전문직자아개념이높은것으로나타난 (Kim & Kim, 2016) 결과나재활간호교육은간호사들의자신감을증가시키고환자에게도긍정적인영향을주는것으로나타난 (Mauk, Li, Jin, Rogers, & Scalzitti, 2016) 결과들을볼때도이들을위한직무교육은중요하다. 재활간호를수행하는간호사들은급성기병원에비해새로운간호기술을필요로하는경우가적어서새로운사정도구와최신환자간호방법에대한내용보다는 (Kim & Kim, 2016) 전문적인재활간호직무교육이필요하며, 재활전문병원이나재활병동에서근무하는간호사는일반병동간호사의주업무와는달리직접간호제공, 기능유지와합병증예방, 건강교육및상담자로서의역할을하는등다차원적역할 (Kim et al, 2005; O'Doherty, 2013) 을이행하기때문에도재활환자에게필요한전문적인직무교육이필요하다. 재활간호사들에게필요한전문적인직무교육전략을세우려면재활간호를수행하는간호사들의직무를파악하고, 직무수행에영향을미친다고보고된중요도와요구하는교육내용을확인할필요가있다. 지금까지보고된연구들을살펴보면 So 등 (2009) 의연구에서직접간호에대한빈도와중요도가높게나타났으며, 중요하다고인식하는간호직무를많이수행하는것으로보고되었다. Lee와 Ko (2016) 의연구에서는간호사가인식한재활간호직무의중요도는심리 영적영역, 신체 치료적영역이높은것으로나타났다. 환자와간호사의인식의차이를분석한연구에서는신체적청결유지, 상처치료나위장관튜브, 기관절개관관리, 통증관리, 배변및배뇨문제해결등의직무에대해환자나간호사모두중요한간호라고여기고있었다 (Kim, Lee, Bang, & Lee, 2016). 간호사가간호중재에대해중요성을높게지각할수록간호수행의정도가높지만 (Park, Suh, Lee, & Kim, 2009), 중요하다고인식하는것만큼실제간호수행이이루어지지못하고있다는연구결과들을고려해볼때 (Chae, Lee, Min, Shin, & Kim, 2013; Lee & Ko, 2016), 간호사의간호요구에관한중요성인식정도와실제수행정도의차이를확인하는것도보다질높은간호를계획하기위해중요하다. 이외에현재보고된연구들은재활전문간호사역할 (Kim et al., 2005), 재활간호서비스에대한중요도와수행도조사 (Kim et al, 2016; Lee & Ko, 2016; Park, So, & Kim, 2011) 등으로재활간호직무를수행하는간호사들에게교육이필요한재활간호의내용과간호사외에교육이필요한대상자를조사한연구는찾아볼수없었다. 따라서현재재활간호분야에서근무하는간호사를대상으로수행하는재활간호직무 뿐만이아니라교육요구도를알아보고이를표준화된재활간호직무에반영할필요가있다. 이러한직무중많은직무들이다른간호제공자나전문가들에게위임하여수행되는것으로보여간호사외에교육이필요한그룹을찾아내는것도중요한데직무위임에대하여다룬연구는찾아보기어려웠다. 이에본연구에서는재활전문병원또는재활병동간호사를대상으로위임을포함한재활간호직무실태를확인하고, 직무수행도와중요도, 교육요구도를확인하여재활간호사들의전문직능력을향상시키기위한교육전략을수립하는근거자료를제공하고자한다. 2. 연구목적본연구의목적은재활간호를수행하는간호사의재활간호직무수행실태를조사하여재활간호사들의전문직능력을향상시키기위한전략을수립하는근거자료를마련하기위함이며구체적인목적은다음과같다. 재활간호를수행하는간호사의직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도를조사한다. 재활간호직무의위임정도와위임받는자를조사한다 간호사의일반적특성에따른직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도차이를분석한다. 재활간호직무수행도와직무중요도, 교육요구도의관계를분석한다. 간호사의교육관련특성을조사한다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계 재활병동간호사가수행하는재활간호직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도와교육요구도를조사하는서술적조사연구이다. 2. 연구대상재활병원, 종합병원재활병동, 노인전문병원에서근무하는간호사대상으로임의표집하여자료를수집하였다. 연구대상자수는 G*Power 프로그램을이용하여산출하였으며, t-test 분석에서 two tail, effect size (f)=.03, 유의수준 =.05, 검정력 (1-β)=.95로계산한결과 134명이었다. 엄격하게대상자수를확보하기위하여효과크기는최소크기로설정하였다. 탈 80 The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing

3 재활병동간호사의재활간호직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도및교육요구도 락률 10% 를고려하여총 150 명을목표로수집하였으며최종 191 명의자료를수집하였다. 용이노출되지않도록회신용봉투에넣은후밀봉하여수거하였다. 3. 연구도구 5. 자료분석 선행연구에서규명한재활간호 11개영역, 61개직무 (So et al., 2009) 를연구자들이수정한후사용하였다. So 등 (2009) 의연구결과를토대로 신경인성장방광관리, 연하장애관리, 호흡재활간호, 기동성장애관리, 인지재활간호, 심리사회화간호, 직접간호, 상담및교육, 조정, 행정, 자기개발 의 11개영역을그대로사용하였다. 신경인성장방광관리 영역에서는 배뇨관리 와 배변관리 를 배뇨 / 배변관리 로합하였다. 호흡재활간호에서는 호흡방법훈련 과 호흡근육강화훈련 이유사하다고판단하여 호흡기능강화훈련 으로병합하였다. 심리사회화간호에서 stigma 대처돕기, 직접간호에서 감각자극훈련, 심장재활환자관리, 기록과보고 를삭제하였다. 상담및교육에서 입원교육 과 퇴원교육 을분리하였고, 대상자질병에대한교육 은삭제하였다. 자기개발에서 간호정보활용하기 를삭제하고 재활간호강사활동 과 재활관련보건의료정책활동 을추가하여 57개의직무로설문지를구성하였다. 각각의직무에대한직무수행정도와위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도를조사하였다. 직무수행도는현재수행빈도를 1 시행하지않음, 2가끔, 3 월 1회이상, 4 주 1회이상, 5 매일 의 5점 Likert 척도로측정하였다. 위임은 1 하지않음, 2 가끔, 3 항상 의 3점 Likert 척도로측정하였다. 직무중요도는 1 전혀중요하지않다 에서 5 매우중요하다 의 5점 Likert 척도로측정하여점수가높을수록중요도를높다고인식하고있음을의미한다. 교육요구도는 1 전혀필요하지않다 에서 5 매우필요하다 의 5점 Likert 척도로구성하였으며점수가높을수록교육요구도가높다고인식하고있음을의미한다. 4. 자료수집조사전연구책임자소속대학교기관생명윤리위원회의심의를받은후자료를수집하였다 ( 심의번호 SB-020). 재활전문병원세곳과재활병동이있는종합병원여섯곳, 노인병원세곳의간호부장의협조를구한후우편으로자료를발송하였다. 병원에서임의로선정한간호사들에게연구목적과방법에대한설명문을읽게한후설문조사에대하여동의한간호사에게설문지를배부하였다. 완성된설문지는내 대상자의일반적특성과직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도, 교육관련특성은서술통계 ( 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차 ) 로분석하였다. 일반적특성에따른직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도는독립표본 t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson 상관계수로분석하였다. 사후분석은 Scheffe 분석을활용하였다. 직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도의관계는 Pearson correlation으로분석하였다. 연구결과 1. 대상자의일반적특성 대상자의나이는평균 34.84±9.26세였으며최소 22세에서 57세까지분포하였다. 교육은학사간호사가 120명 (62.8%) 로가장많았으며전문학사간호사가 42명 (22.5%), 학위과정에있는간호사가 28명 (14.7%) 이었다. 종합병원의재활병동에서근무하는간호사가 80명 (41.9%), 재활센터에서근무하는간호사가 61명 (31.9%), 노인병원재활병동에서근무하는간호사가 50명 (26.2%) 이었다. 근무기간은 109.5±83.36개월로약 9년정도근무하였고최소 2개월에서최대 408개월까지분포하였다 (Table 1). 2. 직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도직무분석을통한 11개영역의직무에대한직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도는다음과같다 (Table 2). 직무수행도는최대 5점중자기개발이 1.67±0.59로가장낮았고, 직접간호가 4.59±0.61로가장높았다. 다음으로호흡재활간호 (4.12), 신경인성장 방광관리 (4.10), 인지재활간호 (3.95), 행정 (3.75), 기동성장애관리 (3.69), 연하장애관리 (3.68), 상담및교육 (3.53), 조정 (2.90), 심리사회화간호 (2.05) 순으로수행하였다. 직무중요도는자기개발 (3.69) 과심리사회화간호 (3.76) 만 3점대로낮았고다른모든직무중요도는 4점대였다. 가장높게평가한직무는직접간호로최대 5점에 4.71이었으며다음으로호흡간호 (4.54), 신경인성장 방광관리 (4.42), 연하장애관리 (4.32), 인지재활간호 (4.32), 기동성장애관리 (4.26), 상담및교육 (4.19), Vol. 20 No. 2,

4 서연옥 이은희 김인자 Table 1. Demographic and Education related Characteristics Variables Categories n(%) M±SD Range Age (year) 30 31~40 41~ (42.9) 59 (30.9) 36 (18.8) 14 (7.3) 34.84± ~57 Education Associate degree Bachelor degree Being in college 43 (22.5) 120 (62.8) 28 (14.7) Marital status Single Married 99 (51.8) 92 (48.2) Institution Rehab center General hospital Geriatric hospital 61 (31.9) 80 (41.9) 50 (26.2) Career (month) 36 37~72 73~ (20.4) 42 (22.0) 26 (13.6) 84 (44.0) ± ~408 Continuing education Yes No 129 (67.5) 59 (30.9) Education Resource Academic society One's hospital Online Duration since last education (month) 9.83 (15.59) 2~96 행정 (4.11), 조정 (4.03) 순이었다. 교육요구도가 3점대인직무는자기개발 (3.72), 사회화간호 (3.81), 조정 (3.97) 순이었다. 다른직무의교육요구도는 4점대였는데직접간호 (4.67), 호흡간호 (4.48), 신경인성장 방광관리 (4.31), 연하장애관리 (4.30), 인지재활간호 (4.30), 기동성장애관리 (4.26), 상담및교육 (4.17), 행정 (4.03) 순이었다. 직무분석을통한 11개영역의 57개직무를분석하면다음과같다 (Table 2). 직무별로는신경인성장 방광관리영역에서가장수행도가높은직무는 배뇨 / 배변기능사정 이었고가장낮은직무는 배뇨 / 배변훈련 (3.52) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도가높은직무도 배뇨 / 배변기능사정 (4.51, 4.40) 과 배뇨 / 배변훈련 (4.48, 4.40) 이었다. 연하장애관리영역에서는직무수행도가가장높은직무는 영양상태사정 (4.35) 이었고가장낮은직무는 삼킴반사촉진훈련 (3.19) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도가높은직무는 영양상태사정 (4.35, 4.26) 과 위관영양간호 (4.50, 4.42) 이었다. 호흡재활간호영역에서는가장수행도가높은직무는 호흡기능사정 (4.35), 기관절개관관리 (4.32), 흡인예방교육 (4.34) 이었고, 가장낮은직무는 호흡기능강화훈련 (3.44) 이었다. 직 무중요도와교육요구도가가장낮은직무인 호흡기능강화훈련 이 4.41일정도로모든영역에서직무중요도와교육요구도를높게응답하였다. 기동성장애관리에서직무수행도가가장높은직무는 부동예방간호 로 4.24였으며나머지직무는모두 3점대이었다. 반면직무중요도와교육요구도는모두 4점대였는데가장높은직무가 부동예방간호 (4.46, 4.39) 였다. 인지재활간호영역에서직무수행도가가장높은직무는 안전사고예방 (4.61) 이었고가장낮은직무는 인지기능훈련 (3.11) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도는모두 4점대였는데가장높은직무는 인지기능훈련 (4.58, 4.50) 이었다. 심리사회화간호에서는다른영역의직무에비하여직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도모두낮았는데직무수행도가가장낮은직무는 자조그룹관리 (1.78) 이었고, 가장높은직무는 사회화촉진 (2.22) 이었다. 직접간호는모든영역중가장직무수행도가높았는데직무수행도가가장높은직무는 간호정보사정 (4.91) 이었고, 가장낮은직무는 응급상황대처 (3.98) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도도다른영역보다높았는데가장높은직무가 약물관리 (4.72, 4.56), 욕창예방및관리 ( ), 낙상예방및안 82 The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing

5 재활병동간호사의재활간호직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도및교육요구도 Table 2. Performance, Importance & Need for Education Duty Task 1. Neurogenic bowel/bladder care Assess elimination function I & O check Bladder/bowel care Bladder/Bowel training Prevent and manage complication of neurogenic bowel/bladder 2. Dysphagia care Assess nutritional status Manage & care NG tube feeding Train and promote swallow reflex Train self-care of mouth Train communication 3. Respiratory rehab care Assess respiratory function Care of tracheostomy tube Teaching for preventing aspiration Train strengthening respiratory function Prevent and manage complication of respiratory system 4. Managing mobility disorder Assess of ADL Training ADL Manage position (posture) Gait training Assist use and apply of orthosis Prevent disuse syndrome 5. Cognitive rehab nursing Assess cognitive function Training cognitive function Prevent safety accident Manage unusual behaviors 6. Psycho-social care Manage social support program Promote social life Manage self-help group 7. Direct care Assess nursing information Prevent fall and manage safety Manage medication Provide hygienic care Provide wound care Prevent & manage bed sore Pain management Nursing care before, during, and after special test Cope with emergency situation 8. Counseling/teaching Admission teaching Discharge teaching Counseling & teaching for patients Counseling & teaching for family Counseling for sexuality Teaching nursing assistant 9. Coordination Coordinate relationship between medical team & patient Coordinate rehabilitation team Participate rehabilitation team conference Refer to another quarter Refer to community rehabilitation setting 10. Administration Manage medical record Manage medical supply (fixture, supply, drug) Manage medical equipment Manage human resources 11. Self-development Obtain special knowledge in rehabilitation Participate/implement esearch Fostering customer service ability Disseminate the rehabilitation knowledge as a teacher Participate health care political activity Performance Importance Need for education M±SD M±SD M±SD 4.59± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.72 Vol. 20 No. 2,

6 서연옥 이은희 김인자 전관리 (4.68, 4.58) 이었다. 상담및교육영역은다른영역에비하여직무수행도가낮았는데가장높은직무는 입원교육 (4.11) 이었고가장낮은직무는 성상담및교육 (1.86) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도는다른영역과유사하여가장높은직무는 간병인교육 (4.38, 3.31) 이었고가장낮은직무는 성상담및교육 (3.73, 3.85) 이었다. 조정영역은직무수행도가낮은영역중하나였는데가장높은직무가 의료팀과환자간의관계조정 (3.95) 이었고, 가장낮은직무가 지역사회재활연계 (1.86) 이었다. 행정영역에서는직무수행도가높은직무가 의료장비관리 (4.23) 와 의료용품관리 (4.21) 이었고, 가장낮은직무가 인력관리 (2.48) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도가높은직무는 의무기록관리 (4.17, 4.04) 와 인력관리 (4.12, 4.03) 였다. 자기개발은가장직무수행도가낮은영역이었는데가장낮은직무가 재활관련보건의료정책활동 (1.20) 과 재활간호강사활동 (1.24) 이었고높은직무가 재활전문지식습득 (2.24) 이었다. 직무중요도와교육요구도도가장낮은영역이었는데가장높은직무가 고객서비스능력함양 (3.74, 3.74) 이었고가장낮은직무가 재활간호강사활동 (3.36, 3.46) 이었다. 3. 직무의위임정도와위임받는자직무의위임정도와위임받는자에대한응답결과는다음과같다 (Table 3). 직무를 위임하지않는다 로응답한결과는 기동성장애관리 (36.2%), 심리사회간호 (39.2%) 가낮았고, 다른모든직무는 50% 이상이 위임하지않는다 라고응답하였다. 가장많이 위임하지않는다 라고응답한직무는 자기개발 (62.6%) 과 직접간호 (59.3%) 였다. 항상위임한다 가가장높은영역은 심리사회간호 (25.5%) 와 기동성장애관리 (17.8%) 였다. 가끔위임한다 와 항상위임한다 를합하여가장높은영역은 기동성장애관리 (49.8%), 심리사회간호 (42.1%), 연하장애관리 (37.2%) 순으로높았다. 영역별직무에서는신경인성장 방광관리에서 I & O 측정및기록 (62.8%) 과 배뇨 / 배변기능사정 (58.1%) 이, 연하장애관리에서는 영양상태사정 (59.7%) 이, 호흡간호에서는 호흡기능사정 (58.1%), 기관절개관관리 (59.7%), 기동성장애관리에서는 일상활동기능사정 (51.8%) 이가장많이위임하지않았다. 인지재활간호에서는 인지기능사정 (52.9%) 과 안전사고예방 (52.4) 이었는데심리사회간호에서는 50% 이상위임한직무가없었다. 직접간호에서는 간호정보사정 (67.0%), 약물관 리 (65.4%), 통증관리 (65.4%), 검사전 중 후간호 (63.4%), 응급상황대처 (64.9%) 가많이위임하지않았다. 상담및교육영역에서는 입원교육 (66.0%), 퇴원교육 (68.6%), 대상자상담및교육 (62.3%) 이많이위임하지않았다. 조정에서는 의료팀과환자간의관계조정 (60.2%), 재활팀집담회참여 (60.2%) 가많이위임하지않았고, 행정에서는 의무기록관리 (60.7%), 자기개발에서는 재활전문지식습득 (66.0%), 연구참여및수행 (63.4%), 고객서비스능력함양 (64.4%), 재활간호강사활동 (60.2%) 을많이위임하지않았다. 위임자로가장순위가높은인력은간병인 / 요양보호사 (42.9%), 간호조무사 (28.8%), 기타 (14.7%), 가족 / 보호자 (13.5%) 순이었다. 2순위는간병인 / 요양보호사 (39.8%), 가족 / 보호자 (37.2%), 간호조무사 (6.8%), 기타 (1.6%) 순이었다. 기타위임자로는의사, 전담간호사, 재활치료사, 수간호사, 다른간호사, 사회복지사라고응답하였다. 4. 일반적특성에따른직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도차이일반적특성에따른직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도, 교육요구도의차이는다음과같다 (Table 4). 모든일반적특성에따라차이가있는변수는교육요구도였다. 나이가많을수록, 근무기간이길수록교육요구도를높게평가하였다. 결혼한간호사가결혼하지않은간호사보다, 노인병원간호사가종합병원간호사보다교육요구도를높게평가하였다. 직무수행도는교육과근무기관에따라차이가있었는데학사학위간호사가전문학사간호사나학위과정에있는간호사보다간호수행도를높게보고하였다. 근무기관에서는종합병원간호사가재활센터간호사보다직무수행도를높게보고하였다. 위임은나이에서만유의한차이가있었는데 51세이상의간호사들이다른나이의간호사들에비하여유의하게많이위임하였다. 직무중요도와교육요구도는나이, 결혼, 근무기간과유의한관계가있었다. 나이가많을수록, 근무기간이길수록직무중요도와교육요구도를높게평가하였다. 결혼한간호사가하지않은간호사보다직무중요도와교육요구도를높게평가하였다. 5. 직무수행도와직무중요도및교육요구도의관계직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도교육요구도의관계는 Table 84 The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing

7 재활병동간호사의재활간호직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도및교육요구도 Table 3. Delegation of Duty and Task Duty 1. Neurogenic bowel/ bladder care Task Assess elimination function I & O check Bladder training Bowel training Prevent and manage complication of neurogenic bowel/bladder 2. Dysphagia care Assess nutritional status Manage & care NG tube feeding Train and promote swallow reflex Train self-care of mouth Train communication 3. Respiratory rehab care Assess respiratory function Care of tracheostomy tube Teaching for preventing aspiration Train strengthening respiratory muscle Prevent and manage complication of respiratory system 4. Managing mobility disorder 5. Cognitive rehab nursing Assess of ADL Assist adjustment of ADL Manage position (posture) Apply gait training Assist use and apply of orthosis Prevent deconditioning Assess cognitive function Training cognitive function Prevent safety accident Manage unusual behaviors 6. Psycho-social care Manage social support program Promote social life Manage self-help group 7. Direct care Assess nursing information Prevent fall and manage safety Manage medication Provide hygienic care Provide wound care Prevent & manage bed sore Pain management Nursing care before, during, and after special test Cope with emergency situation 8. Counseling/teaching Admission teaching Discharge teaching Counseling & teaching for patients Counseling & teaching for family Counseling for sexuality Teaching nursing assistant 9. Coordination Coordinate relationship between medical team & patient Coordinate rehabilitation team Participate rehabilitation team conference Refer to another quarter Refer to community rehabilitation setting 10. Administration Manage medical record Manage medical supply (fixture, supply, drug) Manage medical equipment Manage human resources 11. Self-development Obtain special knowledge in rehabilitation Participate/implement esearch Fostering customer service ability Disseminate the rehabilitation knowledge as a teacher Participate health care political activity Note. Excluded missing value. M±SD 1.37± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.38 Delegation Never Sometimes Always n(%) n(%) n(%) 111 (58.1) 120 (62.8) 83 (43.5) 95 (49.7) 103 (53.9) 512 (53.6) 114 (59.7) 87 (45.5) 84 (44.0) 66 (34.6) 83 (43.5) 434 (45.4) 111 (58.1) 114 (59.7) 102 (53.4) 90 (47.1) 93 (48.7) 510 (53.4) 99 (51.8) 69 (36.1) 67 (35.1) 55 (28.8) 59 (30.9) 74 (47.4) 415 (36.2) 101 (52.9) 85 (44.5) 100 (52.4) 96 (50.3) 382 (50.0) 71 (37.2) 71 (37.2) 83 (43.5) 225 (39.2) 128 (67.0) 112 (58.6) 125 (65.4) 75 (39.3) 105 (55.0) 105 (55.0) 125 (65.4) 121 (63.4) 124 (64.9) 113 (59.3) 126 (66.0) 131 (68.6) 119 (62.3) 111 (58.1) 100 (52.4) 108 (56.5) 620 (54.1) 115 (60.2) 106 (55.5) 115 (60.2) 102 (53.4) 92 (48.2) 530 (55.5) 116 (60.7) 102 (53.4) 101 (52.9) 103 (53.9) 422 (55.2) 126 (66.0) 121 (63.4) 123 (64.4) 115 (60.2) 113 (59.2) 598 (62.6) 32 (16.8) 51 (26.7) 50 (26.2) 41 (21.5) 194 (20.3) 32 (16.8) 43 (22.5) 48 (25.1) 59 (30.9) 46 (24.1) 228 (23.9) 25 (13.1) 27 (14.1) 38 (19.9) 47 (24.6) 45 (23.6) 182 (19.1) 34(17.8) 61 (31.9) 63 (33.0) 72 (37.7) 71 (37.2) 66 (34.6) 367 (32.0) 36 (18.8) 45 (23.6) 37 (19.4) 40 (20.9) 158 (20.7) 31 (16.2) 37 (19.4) 27 (14.1) 95 (16.6) 26 (13.6) 15 (7.9) 44 (23.0) 28 (14.7) 31 (16.2) 16 (8.4) 19 (9.9) 211 (12.3) 28 (14.7) 30 (15.7) 26 (13.6) 33 (17.3) 146 (12.7) 21 (11.0) 19 (9.9) 27 (14.1) 104 (10.9) 21 (11.0) 39 (20.4) 40 (20.9) 16 (8.4) 116 (15.2) 14 (7.3) 10 (5.2) 9 (4.7) 70 (7.3) 15 (9.7) 22 (11.5) 7 (3.7) 69 (7.2) 10 (5.2) 30 (15.7) 27 (14.1) 35 (18.3) 25 (13.1) 127 (13.3) 14 (7.3) 18 (9.4) 11 (5.8) 71 (7.4) 19 (9.9) 30 (15.7) 26 (13.6) 33 (17.3) 29 (15.2) 16 (8.4) 203 (17.8) 31 (16.2) 16 (8.4) 84 (11.0) 53 (27.7) 51 (26.7) 42 (22.0) 146 (25.5) 15 (7.9) 41 (21.5) 21 (11.0) 19 (9.9) 14 (7.3) 10 (5.2) 158 (9.2) 9 (4.7) 9 (4.7) 7 (3.7) 8 (4.2) 24 (12.6) 90 (7.9) 21 (11.0) 15 (7.9) 21 (11.0) 40 (20.9) 110 (11.5) 31 (16.2) 73 (9.5) 6 (3.1) 22 (11.5) 73 (7.6) Vol. 20 No. 2,

8 서연옥 이은희 김인자 5와같다. 직무수행도는직무중요도와유의한관계가있어수행한다고응답할수록중요도가높은것으로나타났다. 또한직무중요도와교육요구도는유의한양의관계가있어직무중요도가높으면교육요구도가높은것으로나타났다. 6. 교육관련특성 재활분야에서근무한이후재활관련교육을받은적이있습니까? 라는질문에 예 라고응답한대상자는 129명 (67.5%) 이었고 아니오 라고응답한대상자는 59명 (30.9%) 이었다. 어떤유형의교육을받았습니까? 라는질문에 학회 라고응답한경우가 22명 (11.5%), 병원내부교육 이라고응답한대상자가 57명 (29.8%), 온라인교육 을받은대상자가 4명 (2.1%) 이었다. 교육을받은후경과한기간은 9.83±15.59개월이었는데범위가 2개월에서 96개월로넓게분포되어있고미응답자도 108 명 (56.5%) 로많았다 (Table 1). 논의 본연구는재활병동간호사들이수행하는재활관련직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도와교육요구도를조사하여재활간호사들에게교육이필요한부분을규명하므로써재활간호사들의전문역량을키우는교육전략을세우는데도움을주고자수행하였다. 11개영역 57개직무를분석하였는데직무수행도는자기개발이가장낮은 1.67이었고직접간호가 4.59로가장높았다. 대부분의직무에서직무수행도, 중요도, 교육요구도가높게나왔고수행도는중요도와유의한상관관계가있었고중요도는교육요구도와유의한상관관계가있었다. 이러한결과는이전의수행도와중요도의관계를보고한다른연구결과들과일치한다 (Lee & Ko, 2016; Park et al, 2009; So et al, 2014). 응답자의 90% 이상이매일수행하고있다고응답한직무는직접간호중 낙상예방과안전관리 와 약물관리 로재활병동에입원한환자들의특성을반영하는것으로보인다. 이러한 Table 4. Performance, Delegation, Importance, and Need for Education by Demographic Characteristics Variables Age (year) Education Categories 30 a 31~40 b 41~50 c 51 d Associate degree a Bachelor degree b Being in college c Performance Delegation Importance Need for education M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p) 3.48± ± ± ± (.836) 3.26± ±0.62 (003) 3.27±0.54 a, c<b 1.45± ± ± ± ± ± ± (<.001) a, b, c<d 0.45 (.638) 4.11± ± ± ± ± ± ± (.025) a<d 1.01 (.366) 4.05± ± ± ± ± ± ± (.003) a<d 3.20 (.043) Marital status Single Married 3.51± ± (.432) 1.42± ± (.813) 4.12± ± (.019) 4.05± ± (.001) Institution Rehab center a General hospital b Geriatric hospital c 3.09± ± ± (<.001) a<b 1.32± ± ± (.249) 4.20± ± ± (0.29) 4.14± ± ± (.043) b<c Career (month) 36 37~72 73~ ± ± ± ± (.982) 1.34± ± ± ± (.158) 4.01± ± ± ± (.024) 4.04± ± ± ± (.001) b<d post hoc test, Scheffe test. Table 5. Correlation among Performance, Delegation, Importance and Need for Education Variables Performance Delegation Importance r(p) r(p) r(p) Delegation.03 (.827) Importance.24 (.006) -.00 (.977) Need for education.12 (.200) -.04 (.745).89 (<.001) 86 The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing

9 재활병동간호사의재활간호직무수행도, 위임, 직무중요도및교육요구도 결과는같은도구를사용한 So 등 (2009) 의결과와일치한다. 직접간호는직무중요도와교육요구도에서도가장높은점수를받은영역이었고위임에서는 전혀위임하지않는다 고응답한대상자가 59.3% 로가장높아재활간호사교육에서중요하게다루어야할영역으로보인다. 특히중요도와교육요구도가높게나온 낙상예방과안전간호, 약물관리, 상처간호, 욕창예방과관리, 통증조절 과같은직무교육이지속적으로필요하다. 직접간호중 응급상황대처 는수행도는낮지만중요도와교육요구도는높게나온직무이므로재활간호사교육에반드시포함하여야할것이다. 심리사회화간호와자기개발영역은직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도에서가장낮은점수가나온영역이다. 심리사회화영역은 항상위임한다 라고응답한대상자가 25.5% 로대부분 10% 이하의대상자가 항상위임한다 라고응답한다른영역에비하여현저하게높았다. 이는재활분야가다학제팀으로활동하는대표적인분야여서다른전문가들이나지역사회전문가들에게위임하기때문으로보인다. 이는같은도구를사용한연구들이없어서다른연구결과들과비교하기어렵지만 So 등 (2009) 도같은결론을제시하고있다. 또한 자조그룹관리 직무가 1.78로낮았다. 자조그룹은평생장애를가지고살아가야하는재활대상자들의요구를감안할때반드시필요한직무중에하나인데임상에서실무하는재활간호사들의경우자조그룹관리직무를수행하기어려운부분이있다는것을감안하여학회나지역사회기관에서활동하는재활간호사들의역할이필요한것으로보인다. 자기개발영역도직무수행도, 중요도, 교육요구도에서낮은점수를보인영역인데특히 재활전문강사활동 과 재활관련보건의료정책활동 등에서점수가낮았는데이는본연구의대상자들의재활분야경력이평균 9년정도이고, 최빈값이 3년인것을고려하면저조한편이라고판단한다. 재활전문강사활동 과 재활관련보건의료정책활동 도재활간호사의역할임을제고시킬필요가있다. 자기개발중재활분야지식습득은월 1회이상받는경우가많지않기때문으로보인다. 이러한결과는교육받은기간도최소 1개월에서 96개월로다양하였지만최빈값이 3개월, 중위수가 4개월로나타난결과로알수있었다. 수행도는낮지만중요도와교육요구도는모두 4.11로높게나타나재활간호의전문지식이중요하여교육이필요하다는것은인식하고있어재활간호사들이지식을습득할수있는다양한기회를제공할필요가있음을확인할수있었다. 재활간호사들의전문지식습득을포함한자기개발영역은간호사로서필수적임은이미여러연구자와전문가단체에서제시한바 있다 (Cowan, Willson-Barnett, Norman, & Murrells, 2008; Newton, Kelly, Kresser, Jolly, & Billett, 2009). 조정도간호사의중요임무인데 (Cropley & Sanders, 2013) 직무수행도가 2.90으로낮으면서중요도와교육요구도는 4.03 과 3.97로높았다. 조정영역중가장수행도가낮은직무는 지역사회재활분야의뢰 로나타나지역사회자원과관련된정보가부족하거나, 자신들의직무가아니라고인식하거나, 위임하는것등으로추론할수있다. 심도있는조사를통하여관련요인을규명하여조정영역의직무수행을높일필요가있다. 직무위임과관련하여 11개영역중대부분의영역은 전혀위임하지않는다 라고응답한대상자가 50% 이상으로간접간호중재에서의간호사들의위임을보고한 McCloskey, Bulecheck, Moorhead와 Daly (1995) 에서와같이대부분의영역에서위임하지않는것으로나타났다. 연하장애관리, 기동성장애관리, 심리사회화간호세영역만이 전혀위임하지않는다 가 50% 미만이고 항상위임한다 가 13.3%, 17.8%, 25.5% 로높았다. 심리사회화간호는다른전문가들에게의뢰한것으로보이지만연하장애관리와기동성장애관리는위임자에대한교육이필요함을시사한다. 위임한사람중가장높은순위로응답한간병인 / 요양보호사 (42.9%) 와간호조무사 (28.8%), 가족 / 보호자 (13.5%) 에게연하장애관리와기동성장애관리에대한교육이다른직무에비하여더필요함을알수있었다. 대상자의일반적특성중모든일반적특성에따라차이가있는변수는교육요구도였다. 나이가많을수록, 근무기간이길수록교육요구도를높게평가하였는데이러한결과는이전연구결과와일치한다 (Kim et al, 2016). 결혼한간호사가결혼하지않은간호사보다, 노인병원간호사가종합병원간호사보다교육요구도를높게평가하여교육이필요한대상자들을확인할수있었다. 결혼한간호사들은결혼하지않은간호사들보다나이가많고근무기간이길어교육요구도를높게평가하였을것으로보이는데나이가많은간호사나근무기간이긴간호사들은재활전문교육을받은기간이늘어날가능성이증가하므로교육에대한필요성을더느꼈을것으로판단한다. 결론및제언 재활실무영역에서근무하는간호사를대상으로조사한직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도와위임을조사한결과대부분의영역에서직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도가높게나타났고위임직무는많지않은것으로나타났다. 또한중요하다고인식한직무는수행도가높아재활분야간호사들이인식과 Vol. 20 No. 2,

10 서연옥 이은희 김인자 수행이일치하는것을알수있었다. 직무수행도, 직무중요도, 교육요구도가가장높은영역은직접간호로재활교육에서반드시포함시켜야할영역임을확인하였다. 중요도는높지만수행도가현저히낮은직무로나타난심리사회화간호, 조정, 자기개발영역에서원인을찾는노력과함께수행도를높이기위한전략이마련되어야할것이다. 교육요구도를높게응답한결혼한간호사들과노인병원에근무하는재활간호사들에대한교육도늘려야할것이다. 위임을많이하는직무는심리사회화간호, 기동성장애관리, 연하장애관리로나타났고위임하는사람을간병인 / 요양보호사, 간호조무사, 가족 / 보호자순으로응답하여간호사외에교육이필요한대상자들을확인할수있었다. 간호사들이재활간호에대한지식을습득하는주된방법은병원교육으로나타나병원교육의질적관리와더불어다양한자원을활용할필요가있음을확인하였다. REFERENCES Chae, Y. H., Lee, W. H., Min, Y. M., Shin, A. M., & Kim, H. M. (2013). Nurse's role performance and perception of the importance of role among nurses practicing in a cancer care facility. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 19(3), Cowan, D. T., Wilson-Barnett, D. J., Norman, I. J., & Murrells, T. (2008). Measuring nursing competence: Development of a selfassessment tool for general nurses across Europe. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(6), Cropley, S., & Sanders, E. D. (2013). Care coordination and the essentials role of the nurses. Creative Nurse, 19(4), Kim, K. J., Lee, E. J., Bang, G. W., & Lee, Y. J. (2016). Importanceperformance analysis of patients' and nurses' perspectives on rehabilitation nursing services. Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing, 19(1), Kim, K. S., Lim, N. Y., Cho, B. H., So, H. Y., Chon, M. Y., Park, S. J., et al. (2005). Roles and functions of the rehabilitation nurse practitioner expected by nurses and doctors in rehabilitation hospital. Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing, 8(2), Kim, S. H., & Kim, N. H. (2016). The effects of rehabilitation hospital nurses' professional autonomy and self-efficacy on professional self-concept. Journal of the Korea AcademiaIndustrial cooperation Society, 17(1), Lee, E. H., & Ko, E. (2016). Comparison with importance and performance in rehabilitation nursing needs perceived by stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital and nurses. Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing, 19(1), Lee, S., & Kwak, C. (2016). Effects of visiting nursing services in long-term care insurance on utilization of health care. Journal Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 27(3), Mauk, K. L., Li, P. Y., Jin, H., Rogers, J., & Scalzitti, K. (2016). Educating Chinese nurses about rehabilitation nursing: Findings from a single cohort quantitative pilot project. Rehabilitation Nursing, 42(4), McCloskey, J. C., Bluecheck, G. M., Moorhead, S., & Daly, J. (1995). Nurses' use and delegation of indirect care intervention. Nursing Economics, 14(1), Newton, J. M., Kelly, C. M., Kresser, A, K., Jolly, B., & Billett, S. (2009). The motivations to nurse: An exploration of factors amongst undergraduate students, registered nurses and nurse managers. Journal of Nursing Management, 17(3), O'Doherty, E. (2013). Nurse's role in care home rehabilitation. Nursing Times, 109(29), Park, J. W., So, H. Y., & Kim, C. H. (2011). Comparison of patient need with nurse perception of importance and performance of rehabilitation nursing service. Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 15(1), Park, J. W., Suh, Y. O., Lee, J. I., & Kim, J. W. (2009). The difference of the nurses' perception on the importance and performance of rehabilitation nursing service. Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing, 12(1), So, H. Y., Kim, J. W., Park, J. W., & Lim, N. Y. (2009). Task analysis of the job description of rehabilitation nurse based on DACUM. The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing, 12(1), The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing

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