Vol.9, No.1, 39-49, 2003. :, * ** ** ** ** ** ** ***. 1..,.,,,,,,,,, (, 1995 ;,, 1999 ;,,,, 1999 ; J oh n, 1995)., Fr ank (1931) (Pr emenst ru al Tension),,,,, (,,, 1999). Pitt s (1987-1988), March Yonker s (2001) 70-90%, 28.4% (, 1987), 56.9% (, 1992), 79.4% (, 1987). (,,,, 1998),,,,. Gough (1982) 2.81%,. (, 1995),, (, 1999) * ** *** 03. 1.22 03. 1.24 03. 2.24-39 -
2003 3. (,,,,,,,, 2002). Brian (1988) 65.5%, Shirley (2002) 57.1%.,.. 20 (, 1995 ;, 2002 ;, 1987),. 2.. 1). 2).. 1. Q- Q-,,,,,, 2 16 Q-., 40 Q- < 1>. < 1> Q- Q- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 2. P- Q- P- 200 1 5 1 6 31 Q- 20 24 30. Q- ( 4 ) ( 4 ) - 4 0 -
9 1 < 2 > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (-4) (-3) (-2) (- 1) (0) (+ 1) (+ 2) (+ 3) (+ 4) 2 3 5 6 8 6 5 3 2 < 2>. 3. P- 30 dat a file. PC QUNAL, Q- (Q-fact or analysis) (Principal Component Analysis).. 1. Q- Q- 4. 4,. 4 55.3% < 3>. 4 1 4.580, 3 4.527 < 4>. (fact or weight ) < 5>. < 5 > P- 1 1 11 20 3.253 2 19 21 1.434 3 12 22 1.397 4 15 21 1.229 5 24 21.899 6 28 21.627 7 22 20.607 8 6 21.606 9 23 21.520 10 7 24.442 2 1 3 21 1.863 2 1 20 1.486 3 26 20 1.196 4 30 22 1.040 5 5 21.885 6 27 21.828 7 2 20.592 3 1 16 21 5.768 2 21 21 5.376 3 4 21.835 4 29 21.689 5 14 23.588 6 20 21.540 4 1 18 21 1.307 2 13 20 1.282 3 9 24 1.152 4 25 21 1.039 5 10 20.937 6 17 20.634 7 8 21.549 < 3 > E ig e n v a lu e (N = 3 0 ) 1 2 3 4 10.884 2.252 1.812 1.643 %.363.075.060.055.327.438.498.553 < 4 > ( N = 3 0 ) 1 2 3 4 1 1.000 2.425 1.000 3.476.425 1.000 4.580.510.527 1.000-4 1 -
2003 3 (pr ot otype). 30 1 10, 2 7, 3 6, 4 7, 1.0 1 4, 2 4, 3 2, 4 4. 2. 1) 1 : 1 30 10. (Z = 2.10), (Z = 2.08) < 6 >.,. (Z = - 2.24), (Z = - 1.71).,. 1,. 2) 2 : 2 30 7, (Z = 2.10), (Z = 1.98) < 6 > 1 (Z = ± 1.0 0 ) (N = 10 ) Q- (Z-score) 3 2.10 1 2.08 16. 1.88 24 1.23 5-1.08 8-1.24 27-1.31 20-1.35 33-1.60 34-1.71 38-2.24 < 7 > 2 (Z = ± 1.0 0 ) (N = 7 ) Q- (Z-score) 25 2.10 35 1.98 18 1.54 22 1.41 1 1.11 4-1.06 15-1.12 12-1.21 10-1.21 19-1.39 20-2.22 8-2.39-4 2 -
9 1 < 7 >.,,. (Z = - 2.39), (Z =- 2.22).,. 2 1,,. 2,. 3) 3 : 3 30 6 (Z = 2.15), (Z = 1.63) < 8 >.,. (Z = - 2.09), (Z = - 1.69).,,. 3,. 4) 4 : 4 30 7 (Z = 2.05), (Z = 2.00) < 9 >.,,. 4 (Z = - 1.75), (Z = - 1.69)., < 8 > 3 (Z = ± 1.0 0 ) ( N = 6 ) Q- (Z-score) 29 2.15 1 1.63 9 1.43 40 1.37 37 1.33 39 1.00 14-1.05 6-1.33 33-1.50 8-1.51 4-1.51 19-1.69 20-2.09-4 3 -
2003 3 < 9 > 4 (Z = ± 1.0 0 ) (N = 7 ) Q- (Z-score) 3 2.05 1 2.00 28 1.55 16 1.49 35 1.39 24 1.10 39 1.08 8-1.28 10-1.49 7-1.50 4-1.61 17-1.69 14-1.75,. 4. 3. 10 < 10 >. (Z = 1.71), (Z = - 0.74 ).. 4. 1. (1998), (2002),, (2000), (1998), (200 1), Yu, Zhu, Oakley Reame (1996). Donna, Debor ah Fr ank (1999), (1999) < 10 > Q- (Z-score) 1 1.71 18 1.03 24.90 26.45 31.42 13 -.32 30 -.33 12 -.67 27 -.68 15 -.74-44 -
9 1, McMast er Cormie (1997). 1,. (2002) (1999).,.,,,, (,, 200 1 ;, 1999 ;, 1993 ;,,, 200 1 ; Hight ower, 1997). 2,. (2002), (200 1), (1988), Lu (2001). (1999) 83%,,,, Brian (1988). (1998),. 2,, (, 1988), (200 1). 3,. (1995), (1999). 3,. 1, 4,.., Beau sang Razor (2000), (1995),. (1995),. William sn (1989) - 4 5 -
2003 3,. 4. (2001), (2000). 4 1.,,, (, 1998),, (, 2001).. Diana (1999),,, (Th e PMS Sympt om Management Pr ogr am : PMS- SMP ),. J anit a Anne (1999) 14 18, Mary (1990)., 2 2 (, 1998 ;, 2002 ;,,,,, 2001),. 4. (2001), (1998), (2002). (1995),. (, 1999),..,,. McMast er (1997),,,,.,.,.. - 4 6 -
9 1. 2001 5 1 6 30 40 Q- 30 P-. P C QUANL, Q-. 4. 1 30 10.,. 2 30 7.,.,. 3 30 6.,. 4 30 7.,. 4.,... Re f e re n c e s, (2001).., 12 (3), 773-84.,, (1999)., 11(1), 17-31., (2001).., 7 (4), 631-4 1. (1992).,,., 2 (1), 55-69. (1995). Triangulat ion.,. (1998).., 4 1 (1), 106-19., (2001).., 7 (3), 359-73. (1995).., 18 (2), 4 1-59., (1998).., 4 (1), 93-103. (1999)..,. (1987)..,.,,,,,,, (2002).., 83-4. (1993)..,.,,,, (200 1).,., 5 (1), 107-16. - 4 7 -
2003 3 (1995)..,. (1988).., 10, 89-103.,, (2000).., 22, 179-97.,, (2001).., 13 (3), 420-30., (1999).., 5 (2), 359-75.,,, (1999).., 5 (2), 245-53. (1987)..,.,,, (1998).., 28 (4 ), 821-31. Beausang, C. C., Razor, A. G. (2000). You ng West ern Women ' s Experience of Menarch e and Menst ru ation. Health Care for W om en Int ernat ional, 21 (6), 517-28. Brian, M. (1988). Menst ru ation : At titu des and Experience of Indian Sout h Africans. Et hnology, 27 (4), 391-406. Diana, T. (1999). Effectiveness of professional - peer grou p t reat ment : Sympt om m anagem ent for women wit h PMS. R esearch in N ursing & Health, 22 (6), 496-511. Donna, K. S., Debor ah, L. W., Frank, C. G. (1999). The Association of Behavioral and Lifestyle F act ors with Menst ru al Sym pt oms. J ournal of W om en 's Healt h & Gender-Based M edicine, 8 (9), 1185-93. Frank, E. P. (1931). Wh at are nur ses doing t o h elp PMS patient s?. A m erican Journal of N ursing, February, 137-140. Gou gh, H. (1982). Moody Blues. N ursing Mirror, March 17, 34-6. Hight ower, M. (1997). Effect s of exer cise participat ion on menst ru al pain and sympt om. W om en & Health, 26 (4), 15-27. J anit a, P. C. C., Anne, M. C. (1999). Effect s of an edu cational progr amme on adolescent s with pr emenst ru al syndrom e. Healt h Edu cat ion Research, 14 (6), 8 17-30. J ohn, B. (1995). The Menstrual Cycle and th e Well Being of Women. Social Science and Medicine, 4 1 (6), 785-9 1. Lu, Z. Y. J. (200 1). Th e relationship bet ween menst ru al at titu des and menstrual sympt om s among Taiwanese women. J ournal of A dv anced N ursing, 33 (5), 62 1-8. Mary, K. K. (1990). Efficacy of self- car e measur es for perimenstrual syndrom e. Journal of A dvanced N ursing, 15, 281-5. Mar ch, D., Yonkers, K. A. (2001). Prem enstrual disorders : a primary car e primer. Consult ant, 4 1 (7), 990-6. McMast er, J., Cormie, K. (1997). Menstrual and premenstrual experiences of wom en in a developing country. Healt h Care for W om en Int ernational, 18 (6), 533-4 1. Pitt s, C. A. (1987-1988). Pr emenstrual syndrom e, curr ent assessment and management. N ursing Forum, 23 (4), 127-33. Shirley, L. (2002). Health and Sickness : Th e Meaning of Menst ru at ion and Pr emenstrual Syndr ome in Wom en' s Lives. S ex Roles, 46 (1/ 2), 25-35. Williams, B. S. (1989). Psy chosocial correlat es of Prem enstrual Dist ress in Mot hers and Daught ers. Doct or al Dissert at ion, Univer sity of South Carolina. Yu, M., Zhu, X., Oakley, D., Reame, N. E. (1996). Perim enstrual sympt om s among Chinese women in an urban ar ea of China. Health Care for W om en Int ernat ional, 17 (2), 16 1-72. - 4 8 -
9 1 - Ab s t r a ct - Su bj ect ivit y of Fem a le College St u d en t s Men s t r u a t ion Ex p e r ien c e Hw ang, Y un Y ou ng * Park, Eun Hee ** Back, Sun Sook ** Kim, Myung Hee ** Kim, Hee Y ou ng ** L ee, W on Y u ** Ry oo, E on N a ** Park, Kyu ng Sook *** This stu dy is an at t empt t o provide fundament al information on h ow t o m anage menst ru ation discomfort s by surveying th e subj ect ive viewpoint s on menst ru ation from female college st udent s. Ut ilizing 40 Q- sam ples in Seoul bet ween May 1 and J u ne 30, 2001, dat a has been collect ed from 30 r andomized P- samples. Dat a analysis involves t he P C QUANL Pr ogram, Q- fact or analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. The result of t he dat a analysis gives four types of cat egorization as follows : The first is th e inconvenience-recognizing type t hat includes 10 subj ect s out of 30. During menst ru ation, this t ype of subj ect usu ally com plained of physical discomfort su ch as pain in t he lower back and abdomen. Even t hou gh th ey considered menstruation t o be t roublesom e, th ey did nothing about t he inconvenience. Th e second is th e posit ively- accept ing t ype t hat inclu des 7 subj ect s out of 30. This type of subj ect t akes m enst ru at ion as natural and even a privilege for a wom an. They think t hey ar e blessed t o conceive a new life through th eir biological cycle. Th erefor e unlike oth er t ypes, t hey rar ely complained of any physical and psych ological discomfort caused by menst ru ation. Th e thir d is t he dest ined cour se t ype th at includes 6 subj ect s out of 30. This t ype of subj ect endures t he discomfort cau sed by m enstruat ion with out any medicat ion or m edical t reat ment. Th ey appeared t o t ake menstruation as fat e wit hout having any specially negat ive or posit ive att it ude. The fourt h is th e negatively- accepting type th at includes 7 out 30. This type of subj ect t akes m enstruat ion as negat ive, even if it is u navoidable for a woman. Menstruat ion, very negatively t aken, felt u ncomfort able and cau sed th em t o have pain in t he lower back and abdomen and an oversensitive nervou s syst em. Th e four types of att it ude t owar ds m enstruat ion show t heir own char act eristic feat ur es in dealing with menstruat ion. Under st anding th ese feat ur es in det ail will enhance nur sing implement at ion which is r elat ed t o menst ru ation. This st udy is int ended t o provide fu ndam ent al informat ion wit h which nur ses can deal with m enst ru at ion pr oblem s by invest igating subj ective viewpoint s about m enstruat ion. This st udy is a st epping st one on which furth er st udy on t his subj ect can build t o develop an effective and efficient way t o deal wit h m enst ru at ion discomfort s. Key w o rds : F emale college st udent, Menstruat ion experience * Full time lecturer, Department of Nursing, Cheju Halla College ** Doctoral Candidat e, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University *** Professor, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University - 4 9 -