PHI Healthy Equity Report 2010 2010 한국의담배규제정책과건강불평등 People's Health Institute
PHI Health Equity Report 2010 2010 2011 3 20 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (, ) ( ) 140 3 302 : 070 8658-1848 : 02 581-0339 : www.health.re.kr : phikorea@gmail.com ISBN 978-89-966012-0-3 93510
2010 < >.,.,. 1 5,.,,. 2012, 5..,.,,. 2011.03.20. ( ) - i -
1.. OECD,.,.,,,.,,.. 2., 4, 50 100.,. 500,,,. 2003 4 6 - i -
,...,.. 3. -,,.,.,. 85% 5. /,., WHO.. - ii -
(paternalism),.,. WHO ( ),., 2003.,. 2010,. 4., 2001-2008.. 2010 2010 - iii -
30.0%, 2.5%, 20 20% 20% 25%..,.,,.,.,,. 6,.,,.,,,,.,,,,., PC., - iv -
.,. 5.?,.,.,., (inequality) (equity). (equity-focused health impact assessment) (gender-based analysis).,,,...,.,. - v -
..,.,.,,.,, (national action plan)..,...,.,,., - vi -
.,.. - vii -
1 1. 5 2., 9 2.1. 9 2.1.1., 9 2.1.2. 11 2.1.3. 16 2.1.4. 18 2.1.5. 19 2.1.6. 19 2.2. 21 3. - 26 3.1. 26 3.1.1. 26 3.1.2., 31 3.1.3,, 42 3.2. 48 3.2.1. 48 3.2.2. 65 4. 88 4.1 91 4.2 96 4.2.1 ( 6 ) 96 4.2.2 ( 8 ) 106 4.2.3 ( 12 ) 119 4.2.4 ( 11 ) 126 4.2.5, ( 13 ) 135 4.2.6 ( 14 ) 144 4.3 156 - viii -
5.? 158 5.1.? 158 5.2? 161 6. 167 < > 1 11 2 17 3 55 4 65 5 66 6 67 7 69 8 69 9 1990 70 10 71 11 73 12 80 13 80 14 4 88 15 90 16 95 17 100 18 104 19 124 20 130 21 145 22 152 - ix -
< > 1 15 (%), 2005 OECD 17 6 2 (%) 6 3 7 4 8 5 12 6 14 7 15 8 (%) 22 9 23 10 (%) 23 11 1 32 12 33 13 KT&G 34 14 36 15 2 37 16 60-70 37 17 KT&G 38 18 1920-50 39 19 44 20 49 21 2009 10 12 49 22 52 23 54 24 77 25 79 26 BI 79 27 82 28 KT&G 85 29 MBC 86 30, 2001-2008 92 31 2004 12 6 101 32 102 - x -
33 103 34 2005~2008 112 35 2005~2008 113 36 114 37 2005 115 38, 2005 116 39 2007 119 40 TV 122 41 122 42, 123 43 128 44 131 45 131 46 132 47 141 48 142 49 151 50 2010 1 / 153
PHI 2010 (World Lung Foundation), (American Cancer Society) Tobacco Atlas Online (http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/). l (environmental tobacco smoke, ETS; secondhand smoker, SHS):. (mainstream smoke) (sidestream smoke),. l (smoking reduction):,.,. l (health warning):,. l (advertising):.,,,,,. l (advertisement ban):,,,. l (cigarette):, ( roll your own ).. l l (smoking cessation):. (smoke-free area):. < 1 >
l (nicotine replacement therapy, NRT):. (patch),,, (lozenge, ). l (nicotine dependence): (tobacco dependence).., (Fagërstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence). l (tobacco use): (cigarette). (tobacco addiction) (nicotine addiction). (smoking),. l (tobacco product):,,,. l (point of sale advertisement, POS advertisement):.. l (Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, FCTC):,. l (tobacco control policy):..,,,, < 2 >
PHI 2010,,. l (tobacco taxes):.. (nominal taxes) ( ),. (ad valorem taxes) ( ).. l (marketing):,,,. l (smokeless tobacco):., (snus, ),.,. l (plain packaging):..,,.. l (contraband):,,. l (counterfeit tobacco products):. < 3 >
l (promotion):.,,,,,,. l (harm reduction):.,,. < 4 >
PHI 2010 1. (World Health Organization, WHO) (WHO 2008). 500, 2030 800 (Mathers 2006)., 2003 4 6, 31%, 37%, 27% (Lee 2010). 2010 194, 2020 282 ( 2006). 8~10 ( 2007).., 1980 OECD. 1, 2005 OECD 17., ( 1)., 1995, 2002, 2004,. 2008, ( 2). < 5 >
1 15 (%), 2005 OECD 17 ( : OECD Health Data 2009) 70 60 50 40 30 2001년 2005년 2007년 2008년 20 10 0 남자 여자 2 (%) ( : 2001-2008),. 30-44 40% (Khang 2008). < 6 >
PHI 2010 (Khang 2006; Khang 2009).,.., ( 3). 3 ( 2010.10.21),. 4,. ( 4). < 7 >
( 2010.12.22) ( 2010.9.19) 4 2012 5...,,.. < 8 >
PHI 2010 2.,,,,. 2.1. 2.1.1., 4, 50 100.,.,,,,,,,, DDT,,,,,.. 1) l :,,,,.. 1) http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/healthrisks.html < 9 >
l :,. 50 4. l :.,. < 10 >
PHI 2010 2.1.2. 1 ( 1) (WHO 2008). 1 Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ : Advertising Council. Healthy lifestyles and disease prevention media campain: Take a small step to get healthy. United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2004. -.. 14 (Doll 2004), 2-4, 23 13 (WHO 2009). < 11 >
l : WHO 5, 1 10 (WHO 2008)., 3 (Doll 2004). WHO 35-69, 8 6 (WHO 2008).,, ( 5). 12-13 (U.S. DHHS 2004). 31%, 37%, 27% ( 2006). 5 (WHO 2008) l : WHO (International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) 2004 16 < 12 >
PHI 2010 (IARC 2004).,,,, ( ),,,,,,.,., 90% (IARC 2004)., 25 (Doll 2004). l :, (Doll 2004). 14 24 (Peto )., (Prescott 1998a, b). (Advertising Council, U.S. DHSS 2004),,.,,,. l :,,. (Advertising Council, U.S. DHSS 2004). 1.6, 1.9 (Doll 2004).,, 60 2, 50 3,. < 13 >
6 ( : WHO 2008) l. 2003, 4 6, 2003 126, 2010 194, 2020 282 ( 2006).,,. 1981-2003, 91 4. 20-30, 2000 1970. 25,, < 14 >
PHI 2010 ( 7) ( 2007). 7 ( : 2007) 2.2, 1.6. 41%, 26%., 4.6 6.5, 3.6, 2.8, 4.2, 2.1, ( 1999). < 15 >
2.1.3.,,. (environmental tobacco smoke, ETS), (secondhand smoking), (involuntary smoking), (passive smoking). (side-stream, 85%) (main-stream, 15%), (National Research Center 1986).. 1986,,,. l : IARC 2004.., 20-30%, 16-19% (IARC 2004). l :,., (Coultas 1998). l : 25% (IARC 2004). < 16 >
PHI 2010 (Bonita 1999; Iribarren 2004). l ( 2005), ( 2006). 2 Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ < 17 >
2.1.4... ( 2009)...,, (U.S. DHHS 1994).. 640.., 25 4, 15 8 (Fielding 1998).,. 2005,,,, ( 2007).,,,, (Advertising Council 2006). < 18 >
PHI 2010. ( 2006),, ( 2007). 2.1.5..,,,,,.,,.,. 2).,,,,,,. 2.1.6.,.,.. 1998, 2,331. 51, 2)http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/health_effects/index.htm < 19 >
276, 691, 34,350, 1,721, 171 3 9,591.,, 6 2,344 ( 2001). 2007 5 4,603, 1 4,252 ( 2007).,?,,, ( 1999).,.. 1998 4 9,817, 6 2,344, 3 9,591. 35-64 1.3-1.6 ( 1999)..,. < 20 >
PHI 2010 2.2.. 22 2008 (Mackenbach 2008). (Woods 2001),.,., 4 4 1990 13.0% 1998 16.1% (Cho 2004)., (Khang 2005).,,. 1998 65.7%, 71.9% 6.2% 2005 16.8%.., ( 2007)..,. ( 2007). < 21 >
,, 2007 2008., ( 8). 80 20 60 15 40 10 20 5 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 1 분위 ( 저 ) 2 분위 3 분위 4 분위 ( 고 ) 1 분위 ( 저 ) 2 분위 3 분위 4 분위 ( 고 ) 80 20 60 15 40 10 20 5 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 0 2001 2005 2007 2008 초졸이하중졸고졸대졸이상초졸이하중졸고졸대졸이상 < > < > 8 (%) ( : 2001-2008).., < 22 >
PHI 2010 ( 2009)., ( 9). 18 15 12 9 2005 년 2006 년 2007 년 6 3 0 1 학년 2 학년 3 학년 1 학년 2 학년 3 학년 남학생 여학생 9 ( : 2005-2007)., ( 10). 10 (%) ( : 2007) < 23 >
. 45-54 10%, 40% (Khang 2008). 7 30 15% (Khang 2009). < 24 >
PHI 2010 2.3.,...,,. < 25 >
3. - 3.1..,,. 3,.,. 3.1.1.,..,..,.,. 19 (social reality). < 26 >
PHI 2010 (Lopez) (1994) (tobacco epidemic model)...,... (Link 1995).,,,,..,., -.???,, < 27 >
!,.,.?. 2,,,,,,. (Lynch 1997).,. 22-34, 30%, 35.9%, 17 44.1%. 22 54.6%, 62.5% (Graham 2006)... (Hillary Graham).,,.,, < 28 >
PHI 2010 -.., (Graham 1993)..., (Wilson 2005). 2,,., (norm) (Barbeau 2004)..,.,,,,,.. (Siahpush 2006)., 20-30,. < 29 >
. (ICD-10) ( F17),. 3),, (The World Bank 1999).,..,, (unequal choice context) (Voigt 2010).,.,,..,, - -.. 3),. < 30 >
PHI 2010 3.1.2., (self-control), (self-efficacy)...,.,.. 16,. 4) 1880, 1852. 150..,. 6, 5), (Yach 2007). 4) http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 5) http://quitsmoking.about.com/cs/nicotineinhaler/a/cigingredients.htm < 31 >
,,,.? 10, 3.. 2010 1 2 ( 11). 6) 11 1 ( : Tobacco Atlas Online) 85% 5., 3/4 4. (Malboro), (Parliament), (Virginia Slim) (Philip Morris), 7) (Mild Seven) (Winston), (Camel) 6) http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/ 7) Altria Group. < 32 >
PHI 2010 (Japanese Tobacco International), (Dunhill), (Kent), (Lucky Strike) (British American Tobacco), (Davidoff) (Imperial Tobacco) ( 12). 12 ( : Tobacco Atlas Online) 1980,. ( ),. (Gilmore 2004a, b).,, (Hammond 1998). ( 13). < 33 >
(2010.12.08) 13 KT&G ( : http://www.ktng.com/kor) 1980,,. 301 ( 301 ) (U.S. Trade Representative, USTR) 8), 1. USTR. 1985, USTR 301, 1986., 1 40 2. 1988 1, USTR, 5 8) FTA USTR,. < 34 >
PHI 2010. USTR,. 1988 2 5 ( 250 )., 1 6% (Frankel 1996). /.,,..,.. - -.,, ( 14). < 35 >
: : Salem : Spirit of USA 14 ( : http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/adgallery/)..,, (, ), F-1 (, ). (glamour) (Knight 2004).. ( ). 2, 1960,. < 36 >
PHI 2010 ( 15 16). 15 2 ( : https://euro-cig.com/cigarettes) 16 60-70 ( : https://euro-cig.com/cigarettes) < 37 >
KT&G,, ( 17). 17 KT&G ( : http://www.ktng.com/kor/share/culture.jsp). 1950, 1962, 1964. 1986 1994 (Yach 2007). 1990. TASSC (The Advancement of Sound Science < 38 >
PHI 2010 Coalition, ), (junk science). 1988 The Whitecoat Project ( ),,,,,,,,.. Covington & Burling. 9).,., ( 18 1920-50 ( : http://lane.stanford.edu/tobacco/index.html) 2009). 1999. 2006,, 9) http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=the_advancement_of_sound_science_coalition < 39 >
., 21,. 10). (Bero 2003).. 1905 ( ) (Yach 2007).. ISO (Holden 2009).,.. ( ) (Balbach 2009). (smokers right group), (Smith 2007). 10) http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=philip_morris#cite_note-9 < 40 >
PHI 2010 (Holden 2009),., WHO. WHO, WHO. WHO, /, WHO. UN ( Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO) WHO,. WHO ( ), WHO, WHO (Zeltner 2000)..,.. < 41 >
3.1.3,,.,.,?.?,? (Voigt 2010).... (Wikler 2002).? l (autonomy) ( ) (paternalism) (bioethics) (Immanuel Kant), (John Stuart Mill)., ( ).,, < 42 >
PHI 2010. (Tom L. Beaucham) (James F. Childress) ( 2003).,,.,, 11).,, (Goodin 2007).,.?,. ( ),.,., (Bayer 2007). 11) ( ), (for other's good) (interference) (. -. 2009;12(1):153-182) < 43 >
. 1997 (Bayer 2007)..,. (sin tax),,..,,.,. 12). 2010 12 3,.. ' ' 100, 110% 1 110 19 12) http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=30110117113601 <44>
PHI 2010., ( 19). 13), 2009 1. 2008 6 1, 2009 4. 14).,.,.,. 2 1?.,,. 13),. 2010 12 3. 14). GS? 1. 2010 9 4 <45>
l,. (Healton 2004).,,,.,.,,.,.,.,.,,..,,.,., (Wilson 2005). <46>
PHI 2010,.,, ( 5 ). <47>
3.2. 3.2.1..... (World Bank), WHO.., - -,,. ( 20) ( 2008). <48>
PHI 2010 6., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 20 ( : 2008),.,., FTA 40% 10, 15),. FTA (Shaffer ).,., KT&G 15) http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/agreements/fta/korus/ <49>
, ( 21). 3.1,,.,? 21 2009 10 12 l,.,.,, ( 2010; 2008).,..,.,,,,.,. <50>
PHI 2010,.,,,., (2008),,,.,,.,,,.,,.,,,,.,.,,,,,,.,,,.. ( 2010),,,,,..,, <51>
..,. l (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, FCTC) 1995 48. 2003 56 22 ( : 2003.07.22). 192, 2005 2 27. 2011 1, 172, 2003 7 21 ( 22) ( 2008). 4 2012 5. 16) 16) WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (http://www.who.int/fctc/cop/), (http://www.nosmokeguide.or.kr/policy/policy3.asp). <52>
PHI 2010.,..... 12, WHO...,,. 5,. 23, 11 38 3. <53>
23 ( : 2010) <54>
PHI 2010 3 1 2, 1 ~ 2 3 ~ 5 3 6 ~ 14 4 15 ~ 17 5 18 6 7 8 9 10 11 19 20 ~ 22 23 ~ 25 27 28 ~ 29 30 ~ 38 ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) ( 12 ) ( 13 ) ( 14 ) ( 15 ) ( 16 ), ( 17 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : WHO 2008 <55>
3 4. 2010 (WHO 2003; WHO 2010a). (1) 6 2010 1., 2..,,., 3. ( 135 ) : 90 (67%), 39 (29%), 71 (53%) ( 80 ): 50%, 10% ( ) 95%( ). 45% 50% 75%. ( 122 ): 1 1 USD 12 USD 2.53 USD. ( ),,., : 61 (45%), 70 (52%), 4 : 13 (10%) 7. 13, ( ) <56>
PHI 2010 8 2010 1. 2.,,, ( 104 ) : 87 (84%), 9 (9%), 8 : 86 (83%), 10 (10%), 8 : 81 (78%), 16 (15%), 7 19 (135 14%) 9 2010,, ( ) ( 135 ) : 59 (44%), 69 (51%), 7 : 59 (44%), 68 (50%), 8 : 66 (49%), 59 (44%), 10 : 62 (46%), 64 (47%), 7 10 2010,, ( 135 ) : 84 (62%), 48 (36%), 3 : 71 (53%), 58 (43%), 6 <57>
11 2010 1. 3,.,,,,.,,,.. (1) (2) (3),, (4) 50%, 30% (5), 2.,, 3. 4. ( 135 ) : 88 (65%), 37 (27%), 10 : 111 (82%), 15 (11%), 9 : 100 (74%), 25 (18%), 10 : 81 (60%), 45 (33%), 9 : 100 (74%), 26 (19%), 9 ( 30% ): 87 (64%), 38 (28%), 10 : 44 (33%), 82 (61%), 9 : 79 (59%), 46 (34%), 10 : 90 (67%), 35 (26%), 10 <58>
PHI 2010 12,,, 2010,....,,,,,,.,.,, ( 135 ) : 114 (84%), 14 (10%), 7 : 65 (48%), 48 (36%), 22 (16%) : 19%, 67%, 50%, 50% (104 ): 69%, 55%, 50%, 55%, 66%, 55%, 51%, <59>
13, 2010 1., 2.,. 5, 3.,,. 4..,.,...,., 5., / 6. 7.,,,, ( 135 ), : 74 (55%), 59 (44%), 2,, : 32 (24%), 63 (47%), 39 (29%) : 66 (49%), 42 (31%), 27 (20%),, : 50 (37%), 45 (33%), 40 (30%) : 61 (45%), 45 (33%), 29 (22%) : 16 (12%), 82 (61%), 37 (27%), : 64 (47%), 43 (32%), 28 (21%), : 65 (48%), 41 (30%), 29 (22%) <60>
PHI 2010 14 2010 1.,, 2..,,,.,,.,,. ( 135 ) : 59 (57%), 38 (37%), 7, : 50 (48%), 57 (55%), 47 (45%), 39 (38%) <61>
(2) 15 2010 1. 2.,,,,, 3., 4..,.. 5. 6., 7., ( 135 ), : 93 (69%), 40 (30%), 2 : 83 (61%), 89 (66%), 91 (67%) : 76 (56%), 54 (40%), 5 : 85 (63%), 48 (36%), 2 <62>
PHI 2010 16 2010 1. 18,.,..,,., 2., 3. 4. 5., 6. 7. 18 ( 135 ) : 106 (79%), 26 (19%), 3 : 15~21, 81 18, 10 16 : 94 (70%), 40 (30%), 1 : 94 (70%), 40 (30%), 1 : 96 (71%), 35 (26%), 4 <63>
17 2010 ( 80 ): GDP 0.0002%( ) 0.045%( ) : 10, 13, 67% WHO, 5,. ( 8 ), ( 11 ), ( 12 ), ( 16 ), ( 9 ), ( 13 ), ( 17 ) (WHO FCTC 2010a).,,,.,,, (WHO FCTC 2010a). <64>
PHI 2010 3.2.2... 4. 4 [1] [1-1] [1-2] [1-2-1] [1-2-2] [1-2-3] [1-2-4] [1-2-5],, [1-2-6], [1-3] [2] [2-1] [2-2] [2-3] ( ).,,. <65>
[1] [1-1] ( 9932, 2010 1 18, 3 19 ) 18..... ( 2010:180 ). ( 10409, 2010 12 27, 2011 1 1 ) 14 100 10, 10%.. 17) ( 10416 2010 12 27, 2011 1 1 ) 52 1 ( 5).. 5 1.. 1 : 20 641. 2 : 50 1,150. 3 : 50 3,270. 4 18) : 50 1,150. 5 : 1 400 2. : 50 1,310 3. : 50 820 17), 200. <66>
PHI 2010 151 1 4 100 50, 20 641 50% 320.5. ( 9433, 2009 2 6, 2010 1 1 ) 12 ( 22535, 2010 12 20, 2011 1 1 ) 10 1 5 11, 2 ( ) 20 ( 20 ) 7. ( 10221, 2010 3 31, 2011 1 1 ) 23 20 354. (2008) 2,500 20 ( 6). 6 (2,500 ) 227.27 641.00 320.50 7.00 354.00 1,549.77 62% 950.23 :, 2008:12., 19 ( ), ( 22003, 2010 1 27, 2010 2 1 ) 7 18) ( ), ( 60 4 ). <67>
10. 11 12 1 10 20 200 0. 53, 54,... 12 10 1 5 200,. ( 7). <68>
PHI 2010 7,,,,,, 200 ( 8). 8 1956 1972 1986 1989 2001 -., - -, -. -. <69>
1986,,.. 1990 ( 9) ( 2008:11 ). 9 1990 1994 120 100 1996 1 4 1996 7 184 1997 2 1999 10% 2001 121 2002 160 150, 10 2004 500 354,,,, [1-2] [1-2-1] 9 4. ( 1, 2010 3 19 ) 6 ( 10). <70>
PHI 2010 10 1, 300 1, ( ) 1,, 16,, 150,,,.. 3. 9 5.. <71>
300 ( 34 1 2 ). 200 ( 34 2 2 ). 10 ( 34 3 )....,,,,,,,,,,.,.,,.. (200 ).,. ( 11). <72>
PHI 2010 11 *, * * ( 4217, 1990 1 13, 4 14 ). ( 860, 1990 12 27 ),, 50,. 50 ( 43 ). ( 4914, 1995 1 5, 9 1 ).. <73>
,,,,,,., 50 ( 34 ). 100 ( 5856, 1999 2 8, 8 9 ). ( 136, 1999 10 28 ).. 2003,,.. 300, <74>
PHI 2010 200. ( 243, 2003 4 1 ).,,,,. 2005 ( 357, 2005 5 16 ). 2008 PC ( 70, 2008 10 10, 12 15 ). 2010 ( 10327, 2010 5 27, 8 28 ) ( 9 5 ). 10 ( 34 3 ). [1-2-2]. 25 2 2. 25 2 1 9 3 1,. 9 4 1 16 3 (ISO) 4387 ISO 10315. <75>
[1-2-3] 1 19) ( 25 2 2 ), ( 16 4 3 ). (, 2010:183). 20), 25 2 1, 9 2 9 3,, 1.. 9 7,,,. 16 2 5, ( 24). 19) 9 4 1. 20) [ ] [ ]. <76>
PHI 2010 24 [1-2-4] 25 1 8,,,. 15 1 4, 3 2 ( 15 2 ). 8 3 12,. <77>
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6., ( 4 1 ),. 100 30 ( 25). <78>
PHI 2010 25 [1-2-5],,,, 8 1,.,,,, (Smoke-Free),,, (brand identity, BI) ( 26), ( 2010b:666 ). 21) 26 BI <79>
[1-2-6], 25 2 9, 16, 9 1 14 1, 5 (positive list) ( ). ( 12). 12 1., 2. 60, 1 2., 1. 3..,. 4. 9 3 14 3 ( 13). 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 21). http://nosmokeguide.or.kr <80>
PHI 2010, 25 4 10, 19,,,.,,. [1-3],., 19 2 1., 2009.., ( 2010b:662 )..,. 253,. 3,, 6.,.,,., <81>
(Quitline, 1544-9030) ( 27). 30 8 ( 8 ) 30 2 18 ( 9 ). 27 (http://quitline.hp.go.kr) [2] [2-1] ( 11 1 ) ( 13 1 ). ( 16 1 ).,, <82>
PHI 2010 ( 12 3 ). 1. 2. 3. ( 12 4 ).. 1 1 ( 27 2)., 500 ( 27 3).,, 12 3 200 ( 28 1 ). [2-2] 19. 2 26 1. ( 20 1 ). 2 1 ( 51 ). <83>
( 9 2 15 ). 19 300 ( 34 1 ). ( ) ( 9 3 5 2). 200 ( 34 2 ). ( 18 5 ) 100 ( 28 2 ). ( 20 1 ). 200 ( 28 1 ). <84>
PHI 2010 l. ( 2008)., (70%) (62%). ( 7 ).,..,.,.,,,..,,., ( 28).,. <85>
..,.,., ( 29). 28 KT&G 29 MBC (2010 1 1 ). 24., 20% 20% 20 25%.. 22) <86>
PHI 2010.... ( ),. 4,. 22). http://2010.hp.go.kr <87>
4.. 6 ( 14). 14 4 1) 2) ( 6 ) 3) ( 8 ) 4) ( 12 ) 5) ( 11 ) 6) ( 13 ) 7) ( 14 ), 2001-2008.. 20,,. 100. 4,,,,. /,, /,, / /, <88>
PHI 2010 5, 5, (, ), /. ( ),,,.,,.. 2008 (Methods for Evaluating Tobacco Control Policies). 6,, 15.,,,,,,..,.. <89>
15 6 8 12 11 13 14 Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ - Ÿ - Ÿ - Ÿ, Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ, Ÿ, Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ - Ÿ - - - 1 Ÿ, Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ - Ÿ Ÿ - Ÿ - Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ / Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ - - - Ÿ Ÿ,, Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ - - - - Ÿ - - <90>
PHI 2010 4.1 2002 2005 12 Health Plan 2010 2002~2010 4, 24 ( 2005). 4,,,. 1.,,,, 10. 2010 30.0%, 2.5%, 23) 20% 20% 20 25%. 24) 2010 39.6%, 30%. 25) 2.2%,. 2008 3.7%, 7.4%. 2010, 2001 2008, 20 4 4 2001 14.0% 2008 15.7%. 23) 2001 61.8%, 5.4% 2005 50.3% 3.1%. 24) 2001 20 20% 20% 8.8% 2010 6.6%. 25). 30%. 2010 12 31. <91>
., 2001 2008 50% 50% ( 30).,,,. 30, 2001-2008 ( : ) <92>
PHI 2010..,, (2009).,, (2010).,, (2005). (2009) 1995, 1999, 2003, 2006. 1995~2006, 1995/1999, 1999/2003, 2003/2006., 2003/2006 2004. (2010) 1998/2001/2005/2007.,,,,,,,,,., 1998 2007., 1998/2001, 2001/2005, 2005/2007., <93>
,.,. (2005) 1980~2005. 1986, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997 ( ), 2001, 2002, 2005 (,, ). 1988, 1989, 2006 KT&G., 2002, 2005 26)., 2001 2002.,., 2007,,. ( 16). 26) 2004. 2004 12 30 1 500. <94>
PHI 2010 16 ( ) (2009) (2010) (2005) 1995/1999/2003/ 2006 1998/2001/2005/ 2007,,, 1 9 8 0 ~ 2 0 0 5 (, ) 1995 2006, : : 1998~2007 ( ), : 1998~2001,, 2001~2005,, 2005~2007, : 2002 (, ), 2004 (, ) 2001, 2002, 2004, 1989 2004, (Thomas) (2008) 1997~2004,,,, 5,,,.,. <95>
4.2.,,. 4.2.1 ( 6 ) l, ( 2007)..,..... <96>
PHI 2010 / " "... 19 11. 18 1000.... (60).. < 2004 11 19 > l, (WHO 2008)., 2-3 (WHO TFI 2004). (Jha 2000)., (IARC 2008; <97>
WHO 2008), (Chaloupka 2000),.., (Chaloupka 2000).,. l, 10% (Ranson 2000). 10% 2.5~5%, 8% (Chaloupka 2000). 52 10% 2~7% (Gallus 2006)., 10%, (van Walbeek 2003).,,,,, 6 27) -0.5 ~ -0.7, -0.9 ~ -1.0 (Giskes 2007). 27) -0.5 ~ -0.7 10% 5 ~ 7%. <98>
PHI 2010. 1961~2003 43 ( 33, 3,,,,, ), 4, 3. 20,,,.,,,, (Thomas 2008). l?., 19-0.41 ( 2005), -0.49 ( 2003), 18-0.27 ( 2002). 2004 1, 3, 6, -0.69, -0.62, -0.55 ( 2006)., (2003) (2004),. (2007)., (2006) (2009), ( 17). <99>
17 ( ) (2003) (2004) (2006), (2007) (2009) 1991-2002 ( ) 2004 2 700 - /1 /3 /6 ) 2005,, 1 ( 1,424 ) 2009 504, 225 * : -0.5206 : 50-0.6103, 200-0.2485 : -0.57, : -0.43 : *, : 20 30. : 195-295 6, 195. :,,. * 28.6%, 27.9%, 33% :, * 39.0%, 34.3%, 33.0% :, * 28.9% :, * -0.658 : -0.483, -0.780 : -0.570, -1.066, -0.766, -0.542 : 100-0.678, 100-0.720, 200-0.786, 300-0.548, 400 : -0.474 <100>
PHI 2010 (2006) 2004 (%), (%), ( ) ( 31).,. ( / / / ).,.,,, 28) (Siahpush 2009). 31 2004 12 6 ( : (2006) ) 28),,.. <101>
, ITC,, ( 32) ( 2009). 32 ( : 6?, 2008),,. 1960-97, -0.27 ( 2002), 1960-2005, ( -0.35~-0.36, -0.38~-0.43) ( 2005). <102>
PHI 2010 1960-2005 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1997 ( ) ( -0.176) ( 2006).? ( 33) ( 2008).. 33 ( : 2008),.,. (Wilson. 2005)., <103>
. (2010 1.48%), ( 18). 18 ( : ) 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 ( ) 1,423,542 1,907,628 1,754,900 1,602,700 1,906,389 ( ) 25,961 31,502 31,195 26,886 28,136 1.82% 1.65% 1.78% 1.68% 1.48% l.. 2008.,,.,,,.,. 2008., <104>
PHI 2010 (Peck 2005),.., 3 62% OECD (70%) WHO (75%), 29) (67~80%) 30).,,,.,. IARC,,,,,, (IARC 2008),,, (Peck 2005). 29) WHO Tobacco Free Initiative. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/index.html 30) Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Taxation and Price - essential facts. Washington, DC 2009; Available from: http://tobaccofreecenter.org/. <105>
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