2011 경제협력국가와의경제발전경험공유사업 : 캄보디아, 인도네시아

www.ksp.go.kr 2011 경제협력국가와의 경제발전경험 공유사업: 캄보디아, 인도네시아 기획재정부 2011 경제협력국가와의 경제발전경험 공유사업: 캄보디아, 인도네시아 2012 427-725, 경기도 과천시 관문로 88번지 정부 과천청사 Tel. 02-2150-7732 한국개발연구원 www.mosf.go.kr 130-740, 서울시 동대문구 회기로 47 Tel. 02-958-4114 94320 www.kdi.re.kr 2011 경제협력국가와의 경제발전경험 공유사업 130-740, 서울시 동대문구 회기로 47 KDI 국제개발협력센터 ISBN 978-89-8063-638-9 ISBN 978-89-8063-656-3(세트) Tel. 02-958-4224 cid.kdi.re.kr www.facebook.com/cidkdi KSP보고서표지_캄보디아_인도네시아_국문.indd 1 2012 9 788980 636389 2012-06-21 오전 11:05:37

2011 경제협력국가와의경제발전경험공유사업

11-1051000-000273-01 Knowledge Sharing Program 2011 경제협력국가와의경제발전경험공유사업 : 캄보디아, 인도네시아 한국개발연구원

Preface

Contents

제 1 절사업추진배경및구성 018

제 2 절사업목적과특성 제 3 절사업추진체계와주체및역할 019

제 4 절사업내용과유형및진행단계 020

021

제 5 절사업의실적및주요성과 022

023

024

025

026

027

028

029

030

031

032

033

034

035

036

037

038

039

캄보디아의중소기업, 산업및수출부문발전을위한정책과제

042

043

044

045

046

047

048

1. 시사점 049

050

051

2. 기대효과 052

1. 중소기업전담은행을통한중소기업금융지원방안 053

2. 중소기업의역량배양 054

3. 캄보디아전자산업육성전략 055

4. 캄보디아농산물가공산업육성 5. 수출다변화 056

057

< 요약 > 058

059

060

제 1 절서론 061

제 2 절글로벌경제위기와캄보디아경제 1. 글로벌경제위기와캄보디아경제성장 062

063

20 15 10 5 0 Cambodia Indonesia Singapore Philippines Thailand Malaysia Business sophistication Market size Innovation Institutions 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Infrastructure Macroeconomic stability Health and primary education Cambodia ASEAN average Technological readiness Higher education and training Financial market Goods market efficiency sophistication Labor market efficiency 064

2. 캄보디아의경제전망 065

066

제 3 절중소기업지원시스템 1. 캄보디아중소기업 067

2. 캄보디아중소기업개발계획 3. 캄보디아중소기업의문제점과과제 4. 캄보디아중소기업지원 068

제 4 절중소기업전담은행 4) 1. 중소기업의금융이용 2. 중소기업금융의문제점 069

070

3. 마이크로파이낸스기관 (MFIs) 071

4. 신용정보시스템 072

5. 농촌개발은행 (Rural Development Bank) 제 5 절산업발전 1. 산업정책 073

074

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Tourism Services Industries Agriculture 1000 500 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2. 농가공산업발전 제 6 절수출다변화 1. 캄보디아무역부문 075

076

2. 캄보디아쌀부문 077

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Million tons (paddy basis) 1961 1964 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 078

079

Brother Investment Group, Informative Report on Banking Sector in Cambodia, April 2009. Cambodia Microfinance Association, Annual Report 2010. Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) (www.maff.gov.kh/eng/statistics/index.html). National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia, Cambodian Statistical Yearbook 2008 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), FAOSTAT (http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx). IFC Cambodia, Business Issues Bulletin, No.17, June 2009. IHS Global Insight, Country Intelligence: Report Cambodia, March 2011. IMF, Public Information Notice (PIN), No. 10/158, December 14, 2010. IMF, Statement at the Conclusion of an IMF staff Mission to Cambodia, press release No. 09/325, September 24, 2009. IMF, IMF Team Completes the 2010 Article IV Consultation Discussion with Cambodia, press release No. 10/334, September 10, 2010. International Trade Center (ITC), Trade Map and Market Access Map (www.intracen.org/marketanalysis). Keo Socheat, Cambodia SME Financing Focused on Export Financing, Mid-to Long-Term Loan for Facility Investment, Credit Guarantee: Overview and Limitation, August 2011. National Bank of Cambodia, Banking Supervision Department, Annual Report 2008. National Bank of Cambodia, Annual Report, 2009. Park, Jin-Hwan, Role of Agricultural Cooperatives in Integrated Rural Development in Korea, Forum on Industrialization and Urban-Rural Linkages, Korea Development Institute, October 1984. Park, Jong-Kun, The Promotion of the Korean Electronics Industry, Forum on Industrialization and Urban- Rural Linkages, Korea Development Institute, October 1984. Royal Government of Cambodia, National Strategic Development Program Update 2009-2013, 2011. Rural Development Bank, Annual Report, 2010. Slayton, T., A Roadmap for Cambodian Rice Exports, 2009. Royal Government of Cambodia, Sub-committee on Small and Medium Enterprises, SMEs Policy & Promotion in Manufacturing: Issues and Proposals for Their Development. Royal Government of Cambodia, Sub-committee on Small and Medium Enterprises, Background Note II on Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)-focused Bank in Cambodia. 080

Tong, Kimsun, A Review of Cambodian Industrial Policy, Annual Development Review 2010-11, CDRI, March 2011, pp.7~22. UNCDF, Local Development Outlook Cambodia, 2010 Edition, April 2010. UNDP Cambodia, Cambodia Country Competitiveness: Driving Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, Discussion Paper No. 7, 2009. Ung Luyna, Development of the Agro-Processing Sector in Cambodia, August 2011 Ung, Luyna and Sras Sopheakalyanika, Rice contract farming in Cambodia, Supreme National Economic Council, February 2005, UNDP Cambodia (2009). Value Chain Unit, Trade Promotion Department, Ministry of Commerce, Cambodia, Rice Sector Profile and Strategy, October 2010. World Bank and IFC, Cambodia, A Better Investment Climate to Sustain Growth, Second Investment Climate Assessment, Report Number 49371-KH, April 2009. 081

< 요약 > 082

제 1 절서론 083

제 2 절캄보디아의중소기업금융환경과중소기업전담은행의필요성 14) 084

085

086

제 3 절 IBK 기업은행의설립과기능 1. IBK 기업은행의설립배경 087

2. IBK 기업은행의설립과역할 088

089

090

091

092

093

100% 90% 80% 3.2% 5.4% 5.7% 12.2% 70% 60% 50% 51.2% 54.4% 48.5% 63.1% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 40.1% 27.8% 35.0% 21.8% 5.5% 12.5% 10.9% 2.9% 1961 1962 1963 1972 094

제 4 절경제위기시 IBK 의역할 095

제 5 절정책제언 096

097

098

099

제 6 절결론 100

101

Beck, T., Financing Constraints of SMEs in Developing Countries: Evidence, Determinants and Solution, 2007. http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=95654 (accessed 27 June 2011) Beck, T. and D. K. Asli., Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Access to Finance as a Growth Constraints, Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 30, No. 11, 2006, pp.2931~2943 Brother Investment Group, Banking Sector in Cambodia, Phnom Penh: BIG Co. Ltd., 2010. http://www.big.com.kh/download/banking%20sector%20in%20cambodia.pdf (accessed 2 May 2011) Harner, S. M., Financing SMEs in Cambodia: Why do Banks Find it so Difficult?, 2003. http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/mekongpsdf.nsf/attachmentsbytitle/psdp+14/$file/psdp-no-14-en.pdf (accessed 2 May 2011) IFC, Understanding the SMEs Sector in Cambodia and Need for Financing Services and Products, Phnom Penh: International Financial Corporation, 2010. Industrial Bank of Korea, Annual Report, Seoul, Korea, 1961~1978. National Bank of Cambodia, Annual Report 2007, Phnom Penh: NBC, 2007. National Bank of Cambodia, Annual Report 2008, Phnom Penh: NBC, 2008 National Bank of Cambodia, Annual Supervision Report 2009, Phnom Penh: NBC, 2009. NIS, Nation-wide Establishment Listing of Cambodia 2009, Phnom Penh: NIS, 2009. Oum, S., C. Harvie, and D. Narjoko (eds.), Small and Medium Enterprises Access to Finance in Selected East Asian Economies, ERIA Research Project 2010, No. 11, Jakarta: ERIA, 2011. Petrick, M., Farm Investment, Credit Rationing and Governmentally Promoted Credit Access in Poland: a Cross-Sectional Study, Food Policy, Vol. 9, pp.275~294, 2004. Royal Government of Cabodia, SME Sub-committee, Annual Report, Phnom Penh: SME Sub-committee, 2006. Royal Government of Cabodia, SME Sub-committee, Small and Medium Development Framework, 2005. http://www.usaid.gov/kh/documents/sme_devel_framework_english_final_2005.pdf (accessed 2 May 2011) Rural Development Bank, Annual Report 2010, Phnom Penh, 2010. Saing, C. H., Trade Competitiveness of SMEs: Importance of Finance and Policy Options/Government Roles, ARTNeT GMS Notes No. 1, 2009. http://www.unescap.org/tid/artnet/mtg/artnet%20gms%20notes%20no%201-%20hang.pdf 102

(accessed 27 June 2011) Sohn, W., Promoting Low-cost for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Rice Mills, Korea: KDI, 2010. Tong, K., Survey on Impact of the Global Financial and Economic Crisis on Employment in Cambodia, Phnom Penh: CDRI, 2011. World Bank, World Bank Enterprise Survey, Washington DC: WB, 2007. World Bank, Cambodia Agribusiness Access to Finance Project: Concept Stage, 2010. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intgender/resources/liberia_pid.pdf (accessed 30 June 2011) 103

< 요약 > 104

제 1 절캄보디아의중소기업지원현황 1. 캄보디아의중소기업현황 105

106

107

2. 캄보디아정부의중소기업육성대책 108

109

제 2 절캄보디아중소기업의역량배양 1. 중소기업의역량배양방안 110

111

가 ) 지도사업 (Extension Service) 의확산 112

113

나 ) BDS 의창업중소기업에의적용 114

115

116

117

118

가 ) 공장집단화사업 나 ) 시설공동화사업 다 ) 기업합병사업 119

라 ) 경영협업화사업 마 ) 아파트형공장사업 120

121

제 3 절결론 122

123

Asian Development Bank, Cambodia: Capacity Building for SME Development -Phase, Technical Assistance Consultant's Report, Project Number 39473-01, May 2008. Baily Peter, Cambodian Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Constraints, Policies, and Proposals for their Development, http://www.eria.org/ research/images/pdf/pdf No.5/No,5-1-Cambodian.pdf., 2007 CIA, The World Factbook, August 2011. Cho, Soon, The Dynamics of Korean Economic Development, March 1994. ESCAP, Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs: Subnational Innovation System and Technological Capacity-Building Policies, ST/ESCAP/2435, January 2006. General Department of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy, Concept Paper for Strategy 2015 (The Strategy Framework of the General Department of Industry 2010-2015) by Meng Sakthara, Director of Industry, May 2010. International Finance Corporation(World Bank Group), Consulting Services in Cambodia-An Overview of the Industry, PSDP No. 19, March 2005. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Project Formulation Study on Two-Step Loan Project for SMEs and Rural Infrastructure in the Kingdom of Cambodia, October 2008. Kaoru Natsuda, Kenta Goto, John Thoburn, Challenges to the Cambodian Garment Industry in the Global Garment Value Chain, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan, July 2009, http://www.apu.ac.jp/rcaps/ Kingdom of Cambodia, Law on Administration of Factory and Handicraft, January 2007. Kingdom of Cambodia, Law on Patents, Utility Model Certificates and Industrial Design, 2006. Korea Institute of Public Finance, Study of Foreign Tax Accountant System, December 2007. RAM Consultancy Services Sdn Bhd, SME Access to Financing: Addressing the Supply Side of SME Financing, REPSF Project No. 04/003, Final Main Report, July 2005. Royal Government of Cambodia, Sub-committee on Small & Medium Enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Framework, July 29, 2005. Royal Government of Cambodia, The Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency in Cambodia, July 2004. Sisombat, Lili, Cambodia Government-Private Sector Forum(G-PSF), Dakar, April 2008. Small and Medium Business Corporation in Korea, Introduction of Comprehensive Diagnosis Program, 2010. Small and Medium Business Corporation in Korea, ReFactory - Management Innovation System Ver.V, February 2002. Small and Medium Business Corporation in Korea, 10 Years History of Small and Medium Business Corporation, October 1989. 124

Small and Medium Business Corporation in Korea, 20 Years History of Small and Medium Business Corporation, March 1999. Small and Medium Business Corporation in Korea, 30 Years History of Small and Medium Business Corporation, January 2009. UNDP, Cambodia Country Competitiveness-Driving Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction, April 2009. UNIDO, SME Clusters and Responsible Competitiveness in Developing Countries, January 2006. United Nations, International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities(ISIC), Rev.4, 2008. USAID, Factory-Level Value Chain Analysis of Cambodia s Apparel Industry, September 2007. USAID, G-PSF Sustainability Planning for the Cambodia Strengthening Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Project, Final Report - Public Version, Prepared by Emerging Markets Consulting, May 2009. USAID, Strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Cambodia-Final Report, GEG-I-00-02- 00014-00 / AMAP BDS IQC, October 2008. World Bank, Doing Business 2012, October 2011. 125

< 요약 > 126

제 1 절서론 1. 캄보디아의경제현황 127

2. 전자산업육성의필요성 128

129

제 2 절캄보디아의기업경영환경 1. 노동시장 130

2. 자본시장 131

132

3. 기술수준 4. 사회간접자본 133

5. 공업단지 134

6. 요약및시사점 135

제 3 절한국전자산업의발전과정 1. 한국전자산업의현황 136

137

2. 한국전자산업의역사 138

139

140

3. 한국전자산업의성공요인 141

142

143

제 4 절캄보디아전자산업육성을위한전략과제 1. 육성정책의방향성 144

2. 육성을위한전략과제 145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

ADB, Cambodia Building Solid Physical and Social Infrastructure, 2008. ASEAN, Road for Integration of Electronics Sector, 2008. CIST, 2009 Cambodia Professional IT Market Study, 2009. Jeong, Jinha, Key Features of Korea's IT Industry, KOTEF, 2007. Mardon, Russell, The State and the Effective Control of Foreign Capital: The Case of South Korea, World 154

Politics, Vol. 43, No.1, 1990. Naron, Hang Chuon, Cambodian Economy: Charting the Course of a Brighter Future, Phnom Penh, 2009. Phnom Penh SEZ, Our Accomplishment and Challenge, 2011. Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Cambodia Macroeconomic Framework 2000-2011, 2010. Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Policy and Strategies on Information and Communication Technology in Cambodia, 2004. Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Planning, National Strategic Development Plan Update 2009-2013, 2010. Royal Government of Cambodia, RS & NSDP, 2008. Tambunan, T., Why Do Least Developed Countries in Asia not Benefit More from Transfer of Technology? UN ESCAP, 2009. The Council for Development of Cambodia, Business Operating Environment in Cambodia, 2010. The Council for Development of Cambodia, Cambodia Investment Guidebook, 2010. The Council for Development of Cambodia, Economic Overview of Cambodia, 2010. The Council for Development of Cambodia, The Special Economic Zone, 2010. United Nations, A Case Study of the Electronics Industry in Thailand, 2005. World Bank, Transforming the Rebound into Recovery, 2009. 155

< 요약 > 156

제 1 절서론 157

158

제 2 절개발도상국의농산물가공산업 159

160

161

제 3 절캄보디아농산물가공산업현황 1. 기본현황 162

2. 성공사례 163

164

3. 시사점 제 4 절농산물가공산업의장애요인 165

1. 전통적수출상품의위기 166

2. 취약한농산물가공산업구조 167

168

제 5 절캄보디아농산물가공산업발전전략 1. 기본목표 169

2. 단기전략 170

171

3. 장기전략 제 6 절결론 172

173

Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), FAO Statistical Yearbook 2010, 2010. Mkandawire, Thandika, Maladjusted African Economies and Globalisation, Africa Development, Vol. XXX, No. 1&2, 2005. Naron, Hang Chuon, Cambodian Economy: Charting the Course of a Brighter Future, 2009. Regmi, Anita and Mark Gehlhar, Processed Food Trade Pressured by Evolving Global Supply Chains, United States Department of Agriculture/ERS, 2005. Royal Government of Cambodia, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Annual Report, 2010. Royal Government of Cambodia, Policy Paper on the Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export, July 2010. Wilkinson, John and Rudi Rocha, Agri-Processing and Developing Countries, Working Paper, 2008. 174

< 요약 > 175

176

제 1 절수출다변화의필요성 177

제 2 절캄보디아의최근수출동향분석 1. 수출상품및대상국동향 178

179

2. 수입동향및수입대체방안 180

181

182

3. 비공식무역의영향 183

4. 수출유망산업육성의성과와과제 184

5. 무역전문인력양성 185

제 3 절캄보디아수출산업육성방안 1. 캄보디아수출업체의성공사례전파 186

187

188

2. 한국투자기업대상설문조사결과 189

190

191

제 4 절수출유망시장동향과캄보디아의진출확대방안 1. 한국시장동향 192

193

194

195

2. 아시아 5 개경쟁국시장동향 32) 196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

3. 선진수출대상국의시장동향과진출방안 206

207

208

제 5 절한국의수출기업화사업소개 1. 초보수출기업육성의필요성 2. 한국의수출기업화사업프로그램구성 209

210

211

212

213

제 6 절결론 1. 정책제안 214

215

216

217

218

219

2. 캄보디아상무부의적용방안 220

Cambodia Publishing and Editing Services, Cambodia Business Directory 2009-2010. Cambodian Ministry of Commerce, Cambodia s 2007 Trade Integration Strategy: DTIS 2007. Cambodian Ministry of Commerce, Cambodian Potential Products, 2010. Cambodian Ministry of Tourism, Tourism Statistics Report 2010. Cambodian Organic Agriculture Association, Organic Agriculture and Food Processing in Cambodia, April 2011. Council for the Development of Cambodia, Cambodia Investment Guide 2010. Korea Exhibition Organizers Association, Exhibition in Korea, 2012. Ray, Nick, Ankor Wat & Siem Reap Encounter, Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd, September 2008, translated version in Korean. 221

World Bank, Report on the Observance of Standard and Codes(ROSC) Cambodia (www.worldbank.org/ifa/cambodia_aa.pdf) General Statistics Office of Vietnam, Yearbook, various edition. IBM Belgium, Economic Integration and Vietnam's Development, December, 2009. Ministry of Industry and Trade, internal document Pham, Truong Hoang, The Competition and Evolution of Business Architecture and the Chance for Vietnamese Enterprise, Institute of Developing Economies, 2004 Vietnam Academy of Social Science, Vietnam Economic Review, various edition. Vietnam Textile Manufacture Association, internal document. Central Bureau of Statistics(BPS), Indonesia Export Import Statistics, 2004-2010, (www.bps.go.id) Investment Coordinating Board(BKPM), Investment Success Story, 2010, (www.bkpm.go.id.) Exporters and Producers of Indonesian Handicraft(ASEPHI)(www.asephi.org) The Indonesia's National Agency for Export Development(NAFED)(www.nafed.go.id) Eurostat(http://trade.ec.europa.eu) Indonesian Logistics Agency(BULOG)(www.bulog.co.id) Ministry of Trade(ww.kemendag.go.id) Asian Development Bank, Outlook, 2011. (www.adb.org/publications/asian-development-outlook-2011-southsouth-economic-links) Board of Investments(www.boi.gov.ph) Department of Trade and Industry, (www.dti.gov.ph) National Food Authority(www.nfa.gov.ph) National Statistics Office(www.census.gov.ph) Oxford Business Group, The Report : The Philippines 2009. 222

SGV & Co. Partners & Principals, Doing Business in the Philippines 2010. 9. Bangladesh Bank, Annual Import Payments, (www.bangladesh-bank.org) Bangladesh Bank, Annual Export Receipts, (www.bangladesh-bank.org) Bangladesh Bank, Enterprise Survey, (www.bangladesh-bank.org) Bangladesh Foreign Trade Institute(www.bfti.org.bd) Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers & Exporters Association(www.bgmea.com) Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation(www.parjatan.gov.bd) Board of Investment(www.boi.gov.bd) Export Promotion Bureau(EPB)(www.epb.gov.bd) FTA Wing, Ministry of Commerce(www.mincom.gov.bd) National Board of Revenue, Import Tariff(www.nbr-bd.org) Zaman.Zaki-Uz; MISHIMA, Tokuzo; HISANO, Shuji;Gergely, Moha'csi, The Role of Rice Processing Industries in Bangladesh : A case study of Sherpur District, Hokkaido University 2001 Trade Shows in Bangladesh(www.biztradeshows.com) Board of Investment(www.boi.lk) CIA, World Fact Book(www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook) Department of Commerce(www.doc.gov.lk) Export Development Board(www.srilankabusiness.com) Lanka Business Online(www.lankabusinessonline.com) LMD Magazine, The Paddy Obstacle, (http://lmd.lk/2011/05/01/rice-cultivation) Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority(www.sltda.lk/statistics) 223