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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 9 pp , ISSN / eissn 김지선 1* 1 중원대학교레저스포츠학과 The Effect of Yoga and Pilates Training on Obesity Indexes, muscle mass in each body part and Physical Fitness in Male College Students Ji-Sun Kim 1* 1 Department of Leisure Sports, Jungwon University 요약본연구의목적은을분석하여운동처방의임상적기초자료를제공하고자하였다. 피험자는비만남자대학생총 20명을각각 10명씩요가와필라테스두집단으로무선할당하여 12주간주 5회 1회당 90분씩트레이닝을실시하였다. 그결과첫째, 요가와필라테스는모두비만도 ( 골격근량증가, BMI 감소, 체지방률감소, WHR 감소 ), 신체부위별근육량 ( 오른팔, 왼팔, 몸통, 오른다리, 왼다리근육량증가 ), 체력 ( 하지근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 좌측평형성, 우측평형성향상 ) 에유의한차이를나타내었다. 둘째, 필라테스는요가보다골격근량증가, 신체부위별 ( 오른팔, 왼팔, 몸통, 오른다리, 왼다리 ) 근육량증가, 평형성 ( 좌, 우 ) 향상에유의한차이를나타내었다. 셋째, 요가는필라테스보다 BMI, 체지방률, WHR 감소에유의한차이를나타내었다. 이러한결과로요가와필라테스트레이닝은비만남자대학생들의비만도개선과건강증진에유용한운동프로그램으로적용가능하다고사료되어진다. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Yoga and Pilates training on the obesity indexes, muscle mass in each body part and physical fitness of male college students in an effort to provide some clinical information on exercise prescription. The subjects in this study were 20 selected obese male students. A yoga group and a pilates group were organized with 10 students each, and the training was provided for 12 weeks, 5 times a week, 90 minutes each. The findings of the study were as follows: First, both of yoga and pilates made significant differences to obesity indexes(an increase in skeletal muscle mass, a decrease in BMI, a decrease in body fat rate and a decrease in WHR), to muscle mass in each body part(an increase in muscle mass on the right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg, and left leg), and to physical fitness(an increase in lower extremity muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, left balance and right balance). Second, pilates exercised a more signifiant influence than yoga on an increase in skeletal muscle mass, the improvement of muscle mass in each body part(an increase in muscle mass on the right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg and left leg), and the improvement of balance(left and right). Third, yoga had a more significant impact on a decrease in BMI, body fat rate and WHR. Given the findings of the study, yoga and pilates seem to be efficient exercise programs to improve the obesity indexes of obese male college students and promote their health. Keywords : Yoga, Pilates, obesity index, muscle mass in each body part, physical fitness. * Corresponding Author : Ji-Sun Kim(Jungwon Univ.) Tel: dsjy100@jwu.ac.kr Received August 10, 2015 Revised (1st August 28, 2015, 2nd September 10, 2015) Accepted September 11, 2015 Published September 30,
2 1. 서론현재스포츠과학연구는지속적인신체활동으로의운동이인체의생리적대사와건강증진에어떠한영향을미치는가에대해많은과학적규명을진행해왔다. 그리고인체와운동과학의긍정적연구결과에주목하면서현대인들은점점삶의질을높이고자규칙적인운동참여를강조하고있는추세이다. 하지만건강통계 (2012) 에따르면 20대청년층은건강생활실천이불규칙하며, 건강관리는소홀히하면서도건강을자신하고있음을확인할수있었다 [1]. 특히남성은노년층보다중년층에서비만율이높아만성질환및중증합병증이조기에시작될수있음이예측된다 [2]. 그럼에도불구하고성인기이후는건강인식도가높아짐에따라운동참여가적극적으로이루지는반면성인기청년초기 (young-adulthood) 인대학생들은상당히낮은수준의신체활동을나타내고있다 [3]. 일반적으로건강상태가양호한남자대학생의생체활동역량은활발한기초대사율, 호르몬변화, 높은체력수준을기대할수있다. 하지만대학생들이진학후규칙적이지못한일상생활속에서음주, 흡연, 수면부족, 스트레스등의문제점과운동부족증을갖는비만상태라면성인기건강연령의위험요인을관리하기위한운동참여를권장해야할필요성이있다. 비만은지방조직의과다축적으로인하여심혈관질환, 당뇨병, 고혈압등의혈관성질환과매우관련이높다 [4]. 특히 BMI, 체지방률, WHR은심혈관질환의발병유무를예진할수있고성인기심혈관질환의위험요인과밀접한관련이있는것으로알려져 [5-7] 청년기비만관리의중요한생리적지표가될수있다. 또한청년기신체발달과체력관리유지는성인기이후진행되는근육량감소와체력저하의진행속도를좌우하는대사활동의예비력이라할수있어비만을개선하는가장적극적인활동은지속적인운동관리라할수있다. 최근국내남자대학생들을대상으로비만개선과운동에대해보고한선행연구들을살펴보면, 체력관리수업이남자대학생의비만지표및건강관련체력에미치는영향 [8,9], 건강체력프로그램이 FTO 유전자다형에따른비만남자대학생의신체구성과혈중지질에미치는영향 [10], 비만남자대학생의자가건강다이어트프로그램참여경험 [2], Circuit Weight 및유산소운동복합 Training이비만남자대학생의심폐기능과혈액성분에 미치는효과 [11], 신체활동증진프로그램이남자대학생의비만관련변인에미치는효과로신체조성과 Leptin, 혈중 Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Resistin 및인슐린저항성에미치는영향등다양한변인과의관계성을규명하고있다 [12-14]. 특히비만을해소할수있는운동요법으로유산소운동실시가체지방을연소시키는효과를나타낸다고널리알려져있는데, 장시간의고강도유산소운동일수록혈액내산소포화도가높아지고지방대사활성화를높일수있으나비만인의생리적건강상태는운동실시에각별한주의가요구되어져운동프로그램의긍정적효과를얻는데어려움이있다. 따라서유산소운동요법중의식적인호흡과함께지구성동적움직임수행으로신체적기능향상을기대할수있는요가와필라테스가비만을개선하고예방할수있는프로그램으로의효용성을나타낼수있는지관심이높아지고있다. 요가 (Yoga) 는몸, 감각, 마음그리고지성을자아와통합하는역동적이며내면적인경험 [15] 으로신체적, 심리적불균형을해소하고인체의여러가지기능적조절능력을배양시킨다. 특히강조되는아사나 (Asana: 자세 ), 프라나야마 (Pranayama: 호흡 ), 디야나 (Dhyana: 명상 ) 의효과는종교적수행을넘어서현대인의건강증진의욕구가높아짐에따라건강증진법으로의임상적연구보고 [16-20] 가활발히진행되고있다. 필라테스 (Pilates) 또한대중적운동으로현저히증가추세를나타내는데, 필라테스운동실시는모든관절의완전한가동범위를통해자세의대칭, 호흡조절, 복부근력, 척추, 골반과견관절의안정성, 근육의유연성, 관절의운동성과근력에초점을두며, 근육집단을분리시키는대신전신을숙련되게하고체간과더불어상지와하지를통합시키는운동의효과를강조한다 [21]. 특히근장력증가와호흡기질환의위험을감소시키고, 동작의협응패턴과감각인지습득은재활목적으로사용되고있다 [22]. 최근에는필라테스운동프로그램이대학교육제도를통해건강증진을위한신체활동을활성화시킴으로써학생시절뿐만아니라, 성년, 노년기에도스스로건강을유지할수있는능력을부여함은물론운동에대한흥미와기능을학습함으로신체적, 정신적, 사회적으로건전하고긍정적인생활을영위할수있도록이끌어준다는보고 [23] 와함께운동의효용성이높아지고있다. 5889
3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 9 호, 2015 이렇듯운동참여가높아지고있는요가와필라테스는단순히전신스트레칭과근력강화트레이닝이아닌몸과마음의상호유기적메커니즘을호흡의조절로인식하고심신을동시에단련하여갈수록복잡하고다양한건강상태를갖는현대인들의건강케어에긍정적인기대가높아지고있어운동과학의임상연구필요성이더욱요구되어진다할수있다. 이에본연구는비만남자대학생들을대상으로요가와필라테스를실시하여비만도, 신체부위별근육량, 체력변화에미치는영향을분석하고, 남자대학생들의비만개선과체력관리에유용한운동프로그램의기초자료를제시하는데목적이있다. 2. 본론 2.1 연구대상본연구는충북소재 J대학교에재학중인비만남자대학생총 20명을선별하여운동트레이닝에요가와필라테스두집단으로각각 10명씩무선할당하였다. 피험자들의비만판정은 WHO[24] 에서발표한아시아인을위한 BMI(Body Mass Index) 기준을따랐으며, BMI 25.0을비만으로규정하였다. 또한사전조사를통해최근 6개월동안의학적질환처방병력과규칙적인운동참여를하지않는대상자로선정하였다. 피험자들의연구참여는실험의목적과절차를충분히이해하고연구참여동의서를작성한후자발적으로이루어졌다. 피험자의신체적특징은 Table 1과같다. 였고, 생체전기저항분석기 (Bio Space Korea, InBody 720) 를이용하여체중, BMI를측정하였다. 측정시피험자는편한복장으로탈의후측정판위에직립하고편안한자세를유지하도록하였고, 모든측정은 2회씩실시하여측정치의오차범위를최소화하였다 비만도및신체부위별근육량측정비만도와신체부위별근육량은생체전기저항분석기 (Bio Space Korea, InBody 720) 를이용하여분석하였다. 피험자의비만도수준을평가하기위하여골격근량 (Skeletal Muscle Mass), BMI(Body Mass Index), 체지방률 (Percent Body Fat), 복부지방률 (WHR:Waist-Hip Ratio) 을측정하였고, 신체부위별근육량은왼팔, 오른팔, 몸통, 왼다리, 오른다리를측정하였다 체력측정체력은하지근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 평형성, 민첩성을측정하였다. 하지근력은의자 ( 높이40cm) 에앉아 30초동안일어서고앉기를빠르고정확하게반복한횟수를측정하였다 (Jones, Rili, & Beam, 1999). 근지구력은윗몸일으키기대 (LHP RF-D22) 에서 30초간실시한횟수를측정하였다. 유연성은앉아윗몸앞으로굽히기측정기 (LHP RF-D18) 에서 2회씩실시하여좋은기록을 0.1cm 단위로기록하였다. 평형성 ( 좌, 우 ) 은눈감고한발로서기를실시하여평형을잃을때까지의최대유지시간을초 (sec) 단위로기록하며 2회실시한후최대치를기록하였다. 민첩성은사이드스텝테스트 (side step test) 를이용하여 30초내에반복한횟수로측정하였다. Table 1. Physical characteristics of the subjects(n=20) Factors YG(N=10) PG(N=10) Age (years) 21.30± ±1.65 Height(cm) ± ±5.96 Weight(kg) 82.03± ±10.93 BMI( kg / m2 ) 27.65± ±2.57 Note. M±SD: Mean±Standard Deviation, YG: Yoga exercise group, PG: Pilates exercise group 2.2 실험방법및측정 신체적특성피험자의신체적특성측정을위한기초검사는자동신장계 (Bio Space Korea) 로 0.1cm 단위신장을측정하 2.3 트레이닝프로그램운동트레이닝은요가와필라테스프로그램으로나누어 12주간주 5회, 1일 90분씩실시하였다. 운동강도는미국스포츠의학회 [25] 의비만개선을위한운동강도최대여유심박수 (HRR) 의 40-50% 를따라피험자들에게무리하지않도록 HRmax 40-60% 범위내에서이루어졌고, 주관적운동자각도 RPE 10-15점 (Light-Hard(heavy)) 의컨디셔닝을점진적으로실시하였다. 운동구성의내용은준비운동 (Wam-up) 15분동안 40-50%HRR, RPE 11 점 (Light), 본운동 (Main exercise) 60분동안 50-60%HRR, RPE 13-15점 (Somewhat hard-hard), 정리운동 (Cool-down) 15분동안 40%HRR, RPE 10점 5890
4 Table 2. Program Week 12 weeks / 5 times a week Composition (Time) Wam-up (15 mins) Main-exercise (60 mins) Cool-down (15 mins) Pranayama Suryanamaskar Yoga program Pilates program Intensity Breathing Rolling Utkatatasana The hundred I II Virabhadrasana The bridge Psachimottanasana I The single leg stretch Ardha Matsyendrasana I The roll over Gomukhasana The double leg stretch Baddha Konasana The swan Bhujanggasana The criss cross Dhanurasana The teaser Halasana Rolling back Salamba Sarvangasana The side kick Matsyasana leg full front Salamba Shirshasana swimming Savasana Dhyana Child pose Breathing 40-50%HRR (RPE: 11) 50-60%HRR (RPE: 13-15) 40%HRR (RPE: 10) (Light) 으로진행되었으며, 프로그램의구체적인내용은 Table 2와같다. 2.4 자료처리본연구의수집된자료는 SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 20.0 프로그램을이용하여분석하였고, 측정항목별평균 (M) 과표준편차 (SD) 를산출하였다. 요가와필라테스가과체중남자대학생의비만도, 신체부위별근육량, 체력에미치는영향을알아보기위해반복측정변량분석 (Repeated Measures ANOVA) 을실시하였고, 통계학적유의수준은 p<.05로설정하였다. 3. 결론 3.1 비만도의변화골격근량은사전필라테스평균 (34.22kg ±4.00) 이요가평가평균 (33.84kg ±7.37) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (45.08kg ±3.88) 이요가평균 (34.33kg ±7.01) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후골격근량이증가되었다. 집단 (F=4.621, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. BMI는사전요가평균 (27.65kg/ m2 ±3.31) 이필라테스평균 (26.33kg/ m2 ±2.57) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (25.32kg/ m2 ±2.41) 이요가평균 (18.80kg/ m2 ±2.46) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후 BMI가낮아졌다. 집단 (F=4.710, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 체지방률은사전요가평균 (27.06%±9.43) 이필라테스평균 (27.03%±5.71) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (25.32%±5.91) 이요가평균 (15.16%±0.56) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후체지방률이낮아졌다. 집단 (F=4.482, p<.05) 과시기 (F=21.785, p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F=12.209, p<.01) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 복부지방률은사전요가평균 (0.91±0.07) 이필라테스평균 (0.89±0.04) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (0.75±0.06) 이요가평균 (0.87±0.03) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후복부지방률이낮아졌다. 집단 (F=5.662, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다 [Table 3]. 3.2 신체부위별근육량의변화오른팔은사전필라테스평균 (3.25kg ±0.42) 이요가평균 (3.23kg ±0.85) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (5.04 kg ±0.40) 이요가평균 (3.52kg ±0.81) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후오른팔근육량이증가되었다. 집단 (F=7.022, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 왼팔은사전필라테스평균 (3.27kg ±0.43) 이요가 5891
5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 9 호, 2015 Table 3. Changes of obesity indexes Factors YG(N=10) PG(N=10) Source F pre 33.84± ±4.00 Group 4.621* Skeletal muscle post 34.33± ±3.88 Time *** mass Group*Time *** pre 27.65± ±2.57 Group 4.710* BMI( kg / m2 ) post 18.80± ±2.41 Time *** Group*Time *** pre 27.06± ±5.71 Group 4.482* Body fat rate post 15.16± ±5.91 Time *** (%) Group*Time ** pre 0.91± ±0.04 Group 5.662* WHR post 0.75± ±0.03 Time *** Group*Time *** * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001 Table 4. Changes of muscle mass in each body part Right arm Left arm Trunk Right leg Left leg Factors * p<.05, ** p<.001 YG(N=10) PG(N=10) Source F pre 3.23± ±0.42 Group 7.022* post 3.52± ±0.40 Time *** Group*Time *** pre 3.26± ±0.43 Group 7.184* post 3.50± ±0.39 Time *** Group*Time *** pre 25.91± ±2.59 Group 4.706* post 27.32± ±2.42 Time *** Group*Time *** pre 9.49± ±1.21 Group 6.966* post 10.31± ±1.21 Time *** Group*Time *** pre 9.47± ±1.20 Group 7.224* post 10.28± ±1.19 Time *** Group*Time *** 평균 (3.26kg ±0.86) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (5.08 kg ±0.39) 이요가평균 (3.50kg ±0.83) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후에왼팔근육량이증가되었다. 집단 (F=7.184, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 몸통은사전필라테스평균 (26.02kg ±2.59) 이요가평균 (25.91kg ±5.04) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (34.88kg ±2.42) 이요가평균 (27.32kg ±4.99) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후몸통근육량이증가되었다. 집단 (F=4.706, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 왼다리는사전필라테스평균 (9.42kg ±1.20) 이요가 평균 (9.47kg ±1.73) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (13.80kg ±1.19) 이요가평균 (10.28kg ±1.69) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후왼다리근육량이증가되었다. 집단 (F=7.224, p<.05) 과시기 (F= , p<.001) 의주효과, 집단과시기의상호작용효과 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다 [Table 4]. 3.3 체력의변화하지근력은사전필라테스평균 (31.50±6.22) 이요가평균 (29.10±7.23) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (37.50±5.76) 이요가평균 (36.40±8.03) 보다높았으나요가와필라테스모두운동후하지근력이향상되었다. 또한시기 (F=46.810, p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 5892
6 Table 5. Changes of physical fitness Factors Lower extremity muscle strength (a time) Muscular endurance (a time) Flexibility ( cm ) Left balance (sec) Right balance (sec) Agility (a time) * p<.05, *** p<.001 YG(N=10) PG(N=10) Source F pre 29.10± ±6.22 Group post 36.40± ±5.76 Time *** Group*Time pre 27.80± ±9.07 Group post 35.40± ±8.35 Time *** Group*Time pre 13.86± ±9.73 Group post 22.22± ±9.75 Time *** Group*Time pre 28.70± ±22.18 Group *** post 46.15± ±22.06 Time *** Group*Time pre 30.30± ±32.04 Group post 48.70± ±35.77 Time *** Group*Time 6.475* pre 57.70± ±35.66 Group post 61.60± ±35.83 Time Group*Time 근지구력은사전필라테스평균 (32.40±9.07) 이요가평균 (27.80±7.87) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (41.00±8.35) 이요가평균 (35.40±7.93) 보다높았으나요가와필라테스모두운동후근지구력이향상되었다. 또한시기 (F=32.409, p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 유연성은사전요가평균 (13.86cm ±9.10) 이필라테스평균 (12.50cm ±9.73) 보다높았고, 사후요가평균 (22.22 cm ±7.68) 이필라테스평균 (21.78cm ±9.75) 보다높았으나요가와필라테스모두운동후에유연성이향상되었다. 또한시기 (F= , p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 좌측평형성은사전필라테스평균 (33.70sec±22.18) 이요가평균 (28.70sec±19.73) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (55.00sec±22.06) 이요가평균 (46.15sec±15.05) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후좌측평형성이향상되었다. 집단 (F=88.259, p<.001) 과시기 (F=32.409, p<.001) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 우측평형성은사전필라테스평균 (45.50sec±32.04) 이요가평균 (30.30sec±20.41) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (78.00sec±35.77) 이요가평균 (48.70sec±17.96) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후우측평형성이향상되었다. 시기 (F=32.409, p<.001) 의주효과와잡단및시기의상호작용효과 (F=6.475, p<.05) 가유의한차이를나타내었다. 민첩성은사전필라테스평균 (72.70±35.66) 이요가평균 (57.70±21.60) 보다높았고, 사후필라테스평균 (73.30±35.83) 이요가평균 (61.60±20.02) 보다높았으며, 요가와필라테스모두운동후민첩성이향상되었다. 하지만집단과시기의주효과와상호작용효과모두유의한차이를보이지않았다 [Table 5]. 4. 논의본연구에서요가와필라테스를비만남자대학생들에게실시한결과첫째, 비만도에서는두집단모두골격근량증가, BMI 감소, 체지방률감소, WHR 감소의효과를나타내었다. 이러한결과는규칙적인요가운동을비만중년여성들에게실시하여에너지소비를증가시킴으로써체지방량을감소시켜체중, 체지방률, 체지방량, 허리엉덩이둘레비, 체량지수및내장지방면적을감소시키고제지방량의증가로기초대사량을높임으로써체지방량의증가를억제하고비만증의이환율을감소시키는효과가있다고보고한결과와일치한다 [26]. 또한필라테스운동을지속적으로실시하여체지방량을감소시킨보고 [27,28] 와동일한결과를나타내었다. 특히필라테스는요가보다골격근량증가에더유의한영향을미쳤는데, 규칙적인필라테스운동실시가근육대사기능의향상과함께체중, 체지방률, WHR이통계적으로유의한 5893
7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 9 호, 2015 감소를나타낸보고처럼 [29] 본연구에서실시된필라테스의다양한근력강화동작이근육활성도를높이는데집중되어지고지방대사촉진에영향을미친것으로판단되어진다. 또한요가는필라테스보다 BMI, 체지방률, WHR 감소에더유의한영향을나타내었는데, 이는요가에서실시되는복식호흡트레이닝이필라테스의흉식호흡보다유산소성대사기전을더촉진시킨것으로판단된다. 근지구력운동이지속적으로이루어질때인체내에서유산소성대사가더발생하게된다 [30]. 요가와필라테스는모두자각적호흡조절에따라균형된자세를유지하거나변화시키는운동방식을갖고있으나, 특히요가의태양경배자세 (Suryanamaskar: 12가지아사나 ) 와본운동의 12가지아사나가끊임없이연결되는지구성복식호흡의흐름을갖춰심복부강화와호흡대사활성화에긍정적인동적수행의영향을미친것으로사료된다. 둘째, 신체부위별근육량분석에서요가와필라테스는비만남자대학생들의오른팔, 왼팔, 몸통, 오른다리, 왼다리근육량증가에효과적인영향을나타내었다. 특히본연구에서필라테스가요가보다신체부위별근육량증가에더효과적인영향을나타내었다. 선행연구에서보고되는필라테스의근육운동효과를살펴보면, 근력의불균형으로충분히쓰이지않은근육들의연결과오랜자세적습관들로부터신체를효율적으로보존할수있고, 호흡을연결시키고올바른근육이움직이도록하며, 나선형이나대각선의움직임범위를증가시켜복부근력의증진및상체의긴장완화와협응에긍정적인영향을미친다고하였다 [31]. 앞에서기술한부분처럼청소년기근육발달은성인기이후감소에영향을미치는예비력이되고, 특히신체활동부족으로나타나는비만인의전신의근육량감소와지방축적은청년기비만자에게가장먼저개선되어야할부분이라할수있다. 이에본연구에서필라테스실시후비만남자대학생들이모든신체부위별 ( 오른팔, 왼팔, 몸통, 오른다리, 왼다리 ) 근육량증가의발달을가져온부분으로비만개선운동프로그램의효용성에서주목할부분이라할수있다. 셋째, 체력분석에서요가와필라테스는비만남자대학생들의하지근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 좌측평형성, 우측평형성향상에유의한차이를나타내었다. 이는대학생들을대상으로태양경배자세와다양한아사나를실시한후근골격계기능에주요한근지구력과유연성향상에 유의한효과를나타낸보고와일치한다 [16]. 특히필라테스는요가보다평형성 ( 좌, 우 ) 향상에더효과적인영향을나타내었는데, 건강한성인에게 12주간의필라테스운동프로그램을적용하여복부및상지의근지구력, 자세안정성, 균형능력을측정한결과실험군의복부및체간의근지구력에유의한효과를증명했을뿐만아니라균형능력과자세안정성향상을입증한결과 [32] 를뒷받침한다할수있다. 본연구는비만남자대학생들에게필라테스실시후균형능력향상이기존의연구결과와유사한효과를나타내었는데, 이는필라테스운동이외복사근과대둔근의근육활성도를증가시켜자세를바르게잡아주었으며 [33], 비만도가개선되고신체부위별근육활성도가균형능력을향상시키는데기여한부분으로사료되어진다. 다만민첩성에는요가와필라테스모두별다른영향을미치지않는것으로나타났는데, 민첩성이란신체적움직임을빠르게반응하여바꾸는능력으로중추신경계의신경전달속도와발달된근수축속성이영향을미친다할수있다. 따라서본연구에서실시된요가와필라테스는호흡의안정성을강조하며자세를유지하거나동적움직임을천천히변화시키는운동수행으로민첩성반사속도를유의한수준으로향상시키지는못한것으로사료되어진다. 5. 결론본연구는비만남자대학생들을대상으로요가 (10 명 ) 와필라테스 (10명) 를 12주간주 5회 1회당 90분씩트레이닝하여운동전 후의비만도, 신체부위별근육량, 체력변화를분석하였다. 이에따른연구의결론은다음과같다. 첫째, 요가와필라테스는모두비만도 ( 골격근량증가, BMI 감소, 체지방률감소, 복부지방률감소 ), 신체부위별근육량 ( 오른팔, 왼팔, 몸통, 오른다리, 왼다리근육량증가 ), 체력 ( 하지근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 좌측평형성, 우측평형성향상 ) 에긍정적인영향을나타내었다. 둘째, 필라테스는요가보다골격근량증가, 신체부위별 ( 오른팔, 왼팔, 몸통, 오른다리, 왼다리 ) 근육량증가, 평형성 ( 좌, 우 ) 향상에더효과적인영향을나타내었다. 셋째, 요가는필라테스보다 BMI, 체지방률, 복부지방률감소에더효과적인영향을나타내었다. 따라서요가와필라테스는비만남자대학생들의비만도개선과건강증진에 5894
8 유용한운동프로그램으로적용가능하다고사료된다. References [1] Ministry of Health and Welfare, [2] J. S. Kim, Experiences in Self-dieting Program of Obese Male College Students, The Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp , DOI: [3] Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, National Sport Participation Survey in Korea, [4] S. H. Jee, R. Pastor-Barriuso, L. J. Appel, I. Suh, E. R. Miller, & E. Guallar, Body mass index and incident is chemic heart disease in South Korean men and women, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 162(1), pp , DOI: [5] K. H. Hwang, Cut-off points of percent body fat and BMI based on obesity-associated risk factors in adult Korean, Ph.D. Thesis, Eulji University School of Medicine, [6] K. A. Hyung, Diagnostic Accuracy of Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using WHR, %Body Fat, BMI for Korean Middle-aged Mem, Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol. 40, pp , [7] R. D. Brook, R. L. Bard, M. Rubenfire, P. M. Ridker, & S. Rahagopalan, Usefulness of visceral obesity(waist/hip) in prediction vascular endothelial function in healthy overweight adults, American Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 88(11), pp , DOI: [8] M. S. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. H. Lee, Effects of Fitness Management Class on obese Indices and Health-related Fitness in College Men, The Journal of Korea Society for Wellness, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp , [9] D. J. Kim, B. G. Lee, S. G. Woo, Effects of Kumdo on Obesity and Health-related Fitness in College Male Sutdents, The Journal of Korean Alliance of Martial Arts, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp , [10] K. H. Lee, The Effect of Physical Fitness Program on Body Composition and Blood Lipids According to FTO Polymorphism of Obese Male College Students, Journal of Korean Society for the Study of Physical Education, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp , [11] J. W. Park, (A) study on how circuit weight and multiple training by aerobic exercises may have effects on the respiratory functions and blood components of obese male college students, M.S. thesis, Yeungnam University, [12] B. J. Cho, Effects of aerobics exercise on obesity Leptin, body composition and blood components, Korean journal of physical education, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp , [13] J. H. Jang, The effect of physical activity promotion program on obesity related variables in male university students, The Korean Journal of Sport, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp , [14] Y. H. Seo, Y. H. Son., S. D. Wee, Effects of Walking Exercise on Body Composition Blood Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Resistin and Insulin Resistance in Obese Male University Students, The Korean Journal of Growth and Development, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp , [15] B.K.S Iyenga, IyengarYoga, [16] H. M. Kim, The effect of Yoga on Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Musculoskeletal Function and perception of helth status of some Students in College, The Korean Jounal of East West Science, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp , [17] H. S. Park, Y. J. Kim, Y. H. Kim, The Effect of Yoga Program on Reduced Blood Pressure in Elderly s Essential Hypertension, Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp , [18] N. H. Yeo, K. S. Oh, Y. R. Cha, S. H. Kang, Effect of Yoga Exercise Program on Catecholamine Growth Hormone in Pre and Postmenopausal Middle Aged Women, Korean Journal of Sport Science, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp , [19] T. Takahashi, T. Murata, T. Hamada, M. Omori, H. Kosaka, M. Kikuchi, H. Yoshida, Y. Wada, Changes in EEG and autonomic nervous activity during meditation and their association with personality traits, International Journal of Psychophysiology, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp , DOI: [20] S. K. Park, E. H. Kim, Y. C. Kwon, Effect of the Yoga Program on Health Related Fitness, Depression, Stress Related Factors and Immune Cell in Middle-aged Women, Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp , [21] P. S. PMA, On Pilates, [22] C. Lange, V. Unnithan, E. Larkam, P. Latta, Maximizing the benefits of pilates-inspired exercise for learning functional motor skills, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp ,
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서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
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