ORIGINAL ARTICLE Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: ISSN(Print) ISSN(On

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ORIGINAL ARTICLE Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: ISSN(Print) ISSN(On"

Transcription

1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: ISSN(Print) ISSN(Online) 간호대학생의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및아동간호시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력 김성희 1, 남현아 2, 김미옥 3 1 중앙대학교적십자간호대학, 2 평택대학교간호학과, 3 남서울대학교간호학과 Critical Thinking Disposition, Problem Solving Process, and Simulation- Based Assessment of Clinical Competence of Nursing Students in Pediatric Nursing Sunghee Kim 1, Hyuna Nam 2, Miok Kim 3 1 Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul; 2 Department of Nursing, Pyeongtaek University, Pyeongtaek; 3 Department of Nursing, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation of critical thinking disposition and problem solving process, and the simulation-based assessment of clinical competence based on a survey of college nursing students. Methods: In this descriptive correlation study, data for 214 nursing students were analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Critical thinking disposition, problem solving process, and simulation-based assessment of clinical competence averaged 3.76±0.46 (out of 5), 3.67±0.47 (5), and 1.51±0.17 (2), respectively. A significant difference in scores for simulation-based assessment of clinical competence was found between the high-scoring group and lowscoring group in critical thinking disposition. A significant positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and nursing assessment, a sub-domain of clinical competence. Conclusion: The results suggest that success in simulation-based learning requires critical thinking disposition in the nursing students, and their critical thinking disposition plays a positive role in nursing assessment, which evaluates the patient s status in a complex situation. Simulation-based learning programs help assess the students levels in their clinical judgement and performance, and identify their strengths and weaknesses so that the instructor can evaluate and improve the current teaching method. Key words: Thinking, Problem solving, Nursing student, Simulation, Pediatric nursing 연구의필요성 서론 간호교육의핵심요소인임상실습교육은학교에서배운이론을실 습현장으로확대해놓은교육의연속선상에있으며, 효과적인실무능 Corresponding author Miok Kim Department of Nursing, Namseoul University, 91 Dahak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan , Korea TEL FAX aprilsea@hanmail.net Key words 비판적사고, 문제해결, 간호대학생, 시뮬레이션, 아동간호 투고일 2014/7/8 1 차수정 2014/8/28 2 차수정 2014/9/17 게재확정일 2014/9/18 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 력을갖춘전문직간호사로서의역량을발휘할수있도록전환시켜주는결정적인역할을하게된다 (Bowles, 2000). 그러나빠르게변화하는보건의료체계와진보된임상실무상황, 타분야의료진들과의의사소통부족, 환자의권리강화로인한간호학생의수행거부, 최첨단의료기기와그에대한설비및작동의지식부족등과같은요인으로인해간호학생은효과적인임상실습의기회를제공받기어렵다 (Bowles, 2000). 실습교육의평가는수행평가과정을통해학생들의지식, 기술, 태도가고르게평가되고, 실제로적용가능성여부를파악하는수행차원에서이루어지는것이중요하다 (Yoo, Oh, & Lee, 2010). 그러나임상실습장소와현장지도자의부족으로인해간호학생들의직접간호의경험이감소되고충분한수행능력을발휘하기가어려운실정이다 (Ko et al., 2010). 294 Copyright 2014 Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing

2 제한적인임상실습의보완적역할로주목받고있는시뮬레이션기반학습은실제와유사한임상상황을재현함으로써안전한환경에서적극적인학습자의참여를촉진하며실무와이론의통합을포함하는역동적인과정이다 (Bland, Topping, & Wood, 2011). 시뮬레이션을이용한교육방법은학생들이자신의수행을비판적으로분석하고자신의임상술기를돌아보게하며, 다른참여자들의임상의사결정을비판적으로평가할수있는기회를제공한다 (Jeffries, 2005). 또한학생개개인에게동일한학습효과를제공할수있고 (Hicks, Coke, & Li, 2009; Ko et al., 2010; Yang, 2008), 안전하고통제된장소에서시간에구애받지않고자신의속도에맞추어실시할수있으며 (Hyland & Hawkins, 2009), 반복적으로적용함으로써임상실습과동일하게임상수행능력, 문제해결능력, 의사소통능력을향상시킬수있다 (Hicks et al., 2009; Ko et al., 2010; Lee, Park, & Choi, 2008). 이러한이유로많은간호대학에서새로운교수학습방법의하나로시뮬레이션기반학습을운영하고있으나, 실제적으로시뮬레이션적용방법을검토하고적용방법에따른효과의차이를평가하는연구가많지않아충분한근거없이반복적으로적용되고있는경우가많다 (Yang et al., 2009). 즉, 시뮬레이션기반학습은드물게발생하거나직접관찰이쉽지않은임상상황을재현하여문제해결과정참여의경험을제공하거나술기훈련의목적혹은임상현장실습평가의대안으로활용할수있으며, 개인혹은그룹별시험설계로시행될수있다. 이러한방법적접근의차이를둠에있어서교수자는시뮬레이션운영및평가방법에대한면밀한검토와근거를마련할필요가있겠다. 비판적사고는문제해결과의사결정을수행하기위한인지적수단 (Facione & Facione, 1993) 으로어떤견해를받아들일지또는어떤행위를할지결정하기위해언어적표현과행위에대해그논리적구조와의미를파악하고개념, 증거, 준거, 방법, 맥락등을고려하여최선의판단을내리고자하는사고로간호현장에서문제해결과의사결정을위한필수적사고로여겨지고있다 (Kim, Park, Kim, Min, & Oh, 2002). 학생이지니고있는비판적사고와문제해결능력은시뮬레이션의수행단계에서대상자의문제상황을해결하는데에영향하여시뮬레이션평가점수의차이를가져올것으로생각되며, 수행과정점검의기회를갖고자신의강점과약점등에대한피드백을받게되는디브리핑단계에서는효과적인자기반영및학습의기회를제공할수있게해준다. 이를근거로간호시뮬레이션관련연구에서는간호실습교육에시뮬레이션방법을적용했을때적극적인간호활동을경험할수있을것으로기대하고간호학생의비판적사고와문제해결능력에도움을줄것이라는가정을두고있으나, 실제학생이지니고있는비판적사고와문제해결과정정도에따라시뮬레이션학습에있어서의임상수행능력평가점수가어떻게달라지는지에대한연구는보고된바가없다. 아동병원에입원한환아들의특성상감염및환경변화에대한민 감성이급격하게증가하며이와관련된증상중하나인고열은아동병동에서가장빈번한상황이다. 따라서아동병동의간호사는고열초기에적절하게아동의문제를파악하고수시로변하는응급및위기상황에효율적으로대처할수있는기본능력을갖추어야한다. 또한보호자의불안정도를사정하고불안간호를수행하는것역시아동간호의중요한중재이다. 이렇듯아동의성장발달에따라표준치가다르고소아환자의안정성측면과함께아동의부모가함께포함되기때문에경험과기술이부족한간호학생측면에서다양한실습경험을가지기에제한이많은아동간호영역 (Shin & Shin, 2010) 에서본연구를적용해보고자한다. 본연구는시뮬레이션기반학습을임상수행능력평가목적으로활용하고자할때, 간호학생이지니고있는비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도와아동간호시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와어떠한관계가있는지를파악해봄으로써향후시뮬레이션기반학습설계에있어시나리오주제및알고리듬, 평가도구구성과같은내용측면과그룹의구성및상황해결에필요한역할담당구획설정과같은운영측면을고려함에있어기초자료를제공하고자한다. 연구의목적본연구의목적은간호학생의비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수를파악하고, 이들간의상관관계를파악하기위함이다. 연구방법 연구설계본연구는비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와의관계를파악하기위한서술적상관관계연구이다. 연구대상본연구는아동간호이론학습과아동간호학실습및아동시뮬레이션핵심술기실습과정을모두이수한후, 아동간호영역이론과실습을통합하여반영하는시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가를목적으로하고있다. 본프로그램은자율성을두어추가적으로제공하는것으로프로그램에참여한일간호대학졸업예정자인 3학년학생을대상으로하였다. 본연구의표본크기는 G*power 3.10 program을이용하여본연구분석에사용될통계적검정법에따라결정하였다. 본연구의상관관계분석에필요한적정표본수는중간이상의효과크기를나타낸시뮬레이션기반학습논문을근거로하여 (Lee & Kim, 2011) 중간효과크 김성희, 남현아, 김미옥 295

3 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: 기 (f) 0.3을두고유의수준 (α) 0.05, 검정력 (1-β) 95% 로두어양측검정하였을때 138명이었다. 본연구에자발적으로참여한간호대학생은중도탈락자없이 214 명으로본연구에서제시하고자하는목적에부합하는적정표본수를초과하였다. 이는시뮬레이션프로그램이학생전체에게제안되었고, 유익한추가학습의기회임을고려할때, 참가를원하는모든학생에게연구참여의기회를제공하였기때문이다. 열성경련환아간호시뮬레이션기반학습설계및운영시뮬레이션실습교육프로그램개발본연구는열성경련환아간호에대한시뮬레이션실습교육으로 3 학년 2학기에시행된학습방법이다. 열성경련환아를주제로선정한이유는발열 (fever) 이아동의외래또는응급실이용의가장흔한원인이며 (Hay et al., 2009), 그로인한경련은아동에서가장흔한발작질환으로그증상과예후에있어환아와보호자에게미치는영향이지대하므로졸업을앞둔간호대학생의평가를위해가장합당한주제라고임상전문가와함께한판단을근거로하였다. 시나리오는아동간호학교수 2인이서울소재 A 대학병원소아과병동수간호사와함께입원환아들의의무기록지를분석하여초안을작성한후, 해당병동의료진과함께수정, 보완하여개발되었으며임상현장과유사한상황에서학생들이시뮬레이션실습경험을할수있도록설계하였다. 시나리오는보호자역할의표준화환자를포함시켜구성하였고, 아동시뮬레이터를활용한구조로서시뮬레이션의주제와실습개요, 상황에대한설명과환자개요, 평가목적과준비물품준비에대한학생용시뮬레이션탬플릿을실습교육 1주일전대상학생에게배부하였다. 본시뮬레이션실습에이용된 SimBaby (Laerdal) 라는고충실도시뮬레이터는영아전신시뮬레이터로다양한질환의징후구현, 간호중재에따른즉각적인피드백, 건강사정, 다양한간호사례를구현가능하며특히본연구의시나리오에서보여지는경련발작증상을현실감있는표현이가능하다. 또한본연구는표준화환자를이용한방법이학생들의수행평가와자가평가에만족도를높인다고한 Kolb과 Shugart (1984) 의주장에근거하여표준화환자를보호자로포함한시나리오를구성함으로써아동간호실무에있어보호자와의관계형성에대한선학습을기하고자노력하였다. 실습교육의실행과효과분석을위해교수용시나리오와핵심술기프로토콜, 표준화환자용과학생용시나리오, 교수자와표준화환자평가지, 학생자가평가지등으로구성하였다. 적용한시나리오는다음과같다 (Table 1). Table 1. Scenario of Nursing Simulation Situation Patient data Nursing skill Nursing knowledge 한경험이있는교수 3 인으로구성하였다. 효율적인운영을위해총 4 회에걸친회의를통해표준화환자교육과오리엔테이션내용, 실습실 준비, 디브리핑방법, 체크리스트의평가기준등을논의하여시뮬레 이션학습과정을표준화하였다. 이후예비조사를통해연구자간의평 가기준을조정하고합의하여신뢰도를높이기위해노력하였다. 학생준비 Care of children with febrile convulsion A 16-month-old baby was admitted to ER at 10 am. Four hours ago, the baby showed eye ball deviation in both eyes and tonic-type seizure in both arms and legs for 4 minutes. At the time of ER, body temperature was 40 C, antipyretics diclofenac ½ ampule IM and 5% D/S 500 cc / IV (12 gtt) was dripping. Initial vital sign was P:162-R:22-T:37.5 and SpO2: 99% Patient name: Lee Jung-A Gender: Female Age: 16 months Height (cm): 90.8 cm Weight (kg): 14.5 kg Religion: None Primary caregiver: Mother Allergies: No known allergies Past medical history: Non-specific Present illness: The baby showed eye ball deviation in both eyes and tonic-type seizure in both arms and legs for 4 minutes. Primary medical diagnosis: Febrile convulsion - Health assessment for child - Supply O2 - Nursing for high fever - Febrile convulsion care - Medication: IV, IM - Communication & Notify - Febrile convulsion care - Nursing process - Care for parents 학생은열성경련환아간호실습평가실시 1 주전시나리오개요와 환자개요및선행간호수기, 선행간호지식등이포함된학생용사전지 침을웹을통해제공함으로써자가학습을안내받았다. 교수자 1 인이 시뮬레이션랩에상주하며학생 1 인당약 4 시간의 Open Lab 을계획하 여관련술기에대한연습을지도하였다. 표준화환자준비 교수자준비 교수자는간호시뮬레이션연수프로그램과정을통해시뮬레이션 교육에대해훈련받았고시뮬레이션을활용한실습을 1 년이상운영 시뮬레이션시나리오에근거하여개발한알고리듬을표준화환자 가이해할수있도록일반적인언어로수정 보완하여훈련대본을작 성하였다. 연구에참여한표준화환자는시뮬레이션교육에아동의보 296 간호대학생의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및아동간호시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력

4 호자역할로수회참여한경험이있는자로서 1회 2시간에걸쳐훈련대본의내용과실습상황에대한설명을제공하여본시나리오의이해를도왔고, 예비조사를통해적절하고자연스러운반응을할수있도록훈련하였다. 술기연습학생들간 1주일전공지한사전술기내용에대해서로토의하고관련술기를해당기본간호학실에서교수와조교의지도하에 40분간연습하였다. 예비조사효과적인시뮬레이션실습운영여부를평가하고시나리오의적절성여부를평가하기위해개발된시나리오를간호학생들을 10명을대상으로예비조사를시행하였다. 수액조절이필요한상황을추가하여학생들의전체적상황파악여부를확인해보고자하였으며학생반응에따른표준화환자의반응변화가관찰되어표준화환자교육을보완하였다. 시뮬레이션기반학습프로그램운영오리엔테이션 1개조를 24-25명으로편성, 각조에게시뮬레이션상황과시뮬레이션실습실환경및실습운영에대한오리엔테이션을 10분간제공하고사전학습여부를확인한다. 시뮬레이션기반아동간호실습운영및평가학생들은실습순서에따라한명씩순서대로아동시뮬레이션실에서 10-15분이내의실습을진행하였다. 시뮬레이션프로그램설계와학생에게공지시에실습시간을 10분으로배정하였으나, 추가적으로주어지는실습으로재평가의기회가없는점을고려하여 10분이내에상황을해결하지못한학생에게는 5분의추가시간을허용하였다. 학생은불안한보호자역할을하는표준화환자와함께아동시뮬레이터를활용한임상상황을경험하였으며, 실습이끝난학생은조정실로들어와다음차례학생의시뮬레이션을관찰하며본인의모의상황실습을정리해보는기회를가졌다. 평가시적용된체크리스트는다음과같다 (Table 2). 디브리핑디브리핑은시뮬레이션학습의핵심으로, 학습효과의 80% 를담당한다 (Lee, Eom, & Lee, 2007; Yoo, 2005). 또한효율적으로실시된디브 Table 2. Checklist for Nursing Simulation Category Items Preparation Perception of problem Nursing assessment Nursing plan & Intervention Patient teaching & Communication 1) Wash hands 2) Prepare needed materials 1) Identify patient by name card and/or bracelet 2) Check chief complaints 1) Identify past history 2) Identify symptoms related to chief complaint febrile convulsion symptoms (consciousness level, drooling saliva, appearance of bubbles around mouth, deviation of eyeball, rigid extremity, bending knees & elbows) 3) Check vital signs: temperature, pulse, respiration 4) Check physical examination symptoms related to chief complaint 5) Check symptoms other than fever 1) Keep airway (check SaO2) 2) Check occurrence of febrile convulsion 3) Notify doctor & receive treatment order if needed 4) Administrate O2 therapy 5) Prepare prescribed medications (antipyretics, IV fluids) 6) Provide nursing care for hyperthermia - Remove the child s clothes and then provide warm bath - Lower the room temperature 7) Check normal range of body temperature & vital signs 1) Explain child s present condition & care to the parent(s) - Educate parent(s) about tepid massage - Explain to the parent(s) the purpose and method of O2 therapy 2) Use therapeutic communication 3) Notify doctor & receive treatment order if needed Performed Partially performed Not performed 김성희, 남현아, 김미옥 297

5 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: 리핑은학습자와지도자에게실습경험에대해생각할수있는기회를제공하고, 수행한간호의강점과약점을논의하여임상수행능력을향상시키는최상의효과를얻을수있다 (Lee et al., 2007). 본연구에서체크리스트를통한학생평가가이루어진후학생은디브리핑실로이동하여교수자와함께 20분간상황분석및디브리핑을시행한다. 디브리핑은학생들이자기성찰을통해자신의실습과정에서수행한간호중재의강점과약점, 수행하지못한간호중재들을충분히인지할수있도록하였다. 사소통 3문항의 5개의하부영역, 총 19문항으로구성되어있다. 개발된체크리스트는아동간호학교수 2인과임상현장인아동병동에서 5년이상근무한간호사 2인에게각항목에대해 1점 ( 전혀타당하지않음 ), 2점 ( 타당하지않음 ), 3점 ( 타당함 ), 4점 ( 매우타당함 ) 으로점수화하였고, 4명의전문가가모든문항에서 3-4점을주어내용타당도를확인하였다. 각문항은완전하게시행한경우 2점, 부분적으로적절한시행이이루어진경우 1점, 시행하지않은경우 0점으로측정하였다. 도구의신뢰도는 Chonbach s α 값.63이었다. 자가학습디브리핑을종료한후 10분간상황에대한정리및자신의장점과부족했던점을중심으로매핑을이용하여자가학습을시행한다. 이는학습과정을학생스스로정리할기회를제공함으로써연구과정에서제공된시뮬레이션평가와디브리핑과함께학습효과를극대화하기위함이다. 연구도구비판적사고성향비판적사고성향정도는간호학생을대상으로 Yoon (2008) 이개발한도구를이용하여측정하였으며, 도구사용에대한허락을받은후사용하였다. 비판적사고성향은신중성 4문항, 지적열정및호기심 5 문항, 자신감 4문항, 지적공정성 4문항, 체계성 3문항, 건전한회의성 4 문항및객관성 3문항의총 27문항으로이루어져있다. 각문항은 아주드물게 1점, 매우자주 5점의 5점 Likert 척도로점수가높을수록비판적사고성향이높음을의미하며, 도구의신뢰도는 Yoon (2008) 에서 Chonbach s α 값.87, 본연구에서는.93이었다. 문제해결과정문제해결과정정도는 Lee 등 (2008) 이개발한성인의문제해결과정측정도구를이용하여측정하였으며, 도구사용에대한허락을받은후사용하였다. 도구는문제의명료화 6문항, 해결방안모색 6문항, 의사결정 6문항, 해결책수행 6문항, 평가및반영 6문항의 5개영역의총 30문항으로이루어져있다. 각문항은 아주드물게 1점, 매우자주 5 점으로점수가높을수록문제해결과정수행능력이높은것을의미하며, 개발당시신뢰도는 Chonbach s α 값.93, 본연구에서는.95였다. 시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가도구는연구자가이론및문헌고찰을통해간호대학생의열성환아간호에필요한간호술기의적절성정도를측정할수있도록개발한체크리스트로사전준비 2문항, 문제인식 2문항, 간호사정 5문항, 간호계획및중재 7문항, 환자교육및의 자료수집방법자료수집은 2012년 10월 15일에서 19일에걸쳐이루어졌다. 연구자는연구참여의사를밝힌대상자에게시뮬레이션학습이이루어지기전에자가보고식설문지를배포하고수거하였으며, 설문작성을위해요구되는시간은약 10분이었다. 또한시뮬레이션프로그램이운영되는동안조정실에서체크리스트를이용하여교수자가직접학생의임상수행능력을평가하였다. 자료분석방법본연구의수집된자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0을이용하여전산통계처리하였으며, 분석방법은다음과같다. 1) 대상자의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수는평균과표준편차로분석하였다. 2) 대상자의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와의관계는 Pearson correlation coefficients 로분석하였다. 윤리적고려본연구는대상자의윤리적고려를위해연구자소속대학교의연구윤리승인 (No ) 을얻은후진행하였다. 연구참여학생의윤리적고려를위하여연구대상자들에게연구의취지와방법을설명하여자발적으로연구참여에동의한자에한해연구참여동의서를받은다음진행하였으며, 설문지작성중간에연구참여를원치않을경우언제든지중단할수있음을설명하였다. 본실습은아동간호이론학습과아동간호학실습및아동시뮬레이션핵심술기실습과정을모두이수한후, 아동간호영역이론과실습을통합하여반영하는시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가프로그램으로, 연구에참여하지않더라도성적에는영향이전혀없음을충분히설명하였다. 또한연구자는교육자-학생간의강압적인참여가되지않도록대상자의실습담당교수의배정을피하였다. 수집된자료는연구목적이외에공개하거나사용하지않으며, 대상자의개인적정보는비밀로유지하며익명성이보장됨을설명하였다. 298 간호대학생의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및아동간호시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력

6 연구의제한점 본연구에서시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가항목은술기수행 의적절성정도에따라 0, 1, 2 점의점수를배정하였다. 이러한점수분 배는평가가용이하다는장점이있는반면, 각적절성단계의경계가 모호하므로정확한술기평가에어려움이있을수있다. 예를들어대 상자확인항목에서개방형질문으로대상자를확인하고환자카드나 팔찌를통한중복확인을시행한경우 2 점, 둘중하나만시행한경우 1 점을제공하였으나, 폐쇄형질문으로대상자를확인하고중복확인을 실시한경우또한 1 점을제공하게되어있어 1 점이라는동일한점수를 부여받은경우라하더라도학생들의임상수행능력정도를동일한수 준으로보기어렵다. 산소요법의경우또한하나의항목으로만구성되 어있어산소요법의많은절차중한가지이상을부적절하게시행한 경우 1 점이부여되어많은부분을잘못시행한경우와차별화되지않 는등학생들의술기수행능력을정확하게평가하기위해서는측정도 구의척도를더세분화할필요가있겠다. 이러한이유로임상수행능력 평가도구의신뢰도가 Chonbach s α 값.63 으로다소낮았을것으로 판단된다. 이는대상자를편의추출하여진행된점과함께본연구의 제한점으로, 그결과를일반화하기에신중을기해야할것이다. Table 3. Scores of Problem Solving Process, Critical Thinking Disposition and Simulation-based Assessment of Clinical Competence (N=214) Variables Range of score Mean±SD Problem solving process ±0.46 Critical thinking disposition ±0.47 Simulation-based assessment of ± 0.17 clinical competence Preparation ± 0.48 Perception of problem ±0.56 Nursing assessment ±0.41 Nursing plan & Intervention ±0.25 Patient teaching & Communication ±0.31 연구결과 대상자의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수본연구에참여한대상자 214명중 193명 (90.2%) 이여학생, 21명 (9.8%) 이남학생으로이들의평균연령은 22.47세였다. 대상자의비판적사고성향정도는점수범위 1-5점에서 3.76점, 문제해결과정정도는점수범위 1-5점에서 3.67점으로중간이상의점수를보였다. 총 19문항의시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수는 1.51 점 ( 점수범위 0-2) 으로하부영역별점수는사전준비 1.85점, 환자교육및의사소통 1.57점, 간호계획및중재 1.54점, 문제인식 1.47점, 간호사정 1.28점순으로조사되었다 (Table 3). 비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도에따른시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수비판적사고성향이평균 (3.67점 ) 점수이상으로높은대상자의시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수가 1.53 ± 0.16점, 평균이하인대상자의시뮬레이션평가점수가 1.53 ± 0.16점으로비판적사고성향이높은대상자의임상수행능력평가점수가유의하게높은것으로나타났다 (t = , p =.036). 문제해결과정정도가평균 (3.76 점 ) 이상으로높은대상자의임상수행능력평가점수는 1.53 ± 0.18점, 평균미만인대상자의임상수행능력평가점수는 1.49 ± 0.16 점으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (Table 4). 시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가의각하부영역과비판적사고성향의관계를살펴본결과, 간호사정 (r =.145, p =.034) 을제외한하부영역모두에서유의한상관관계를보이지않았다. 문제해결능력과정과시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가의하부영역에서또한유의한상관성을보이지않는것으로조사되었다 (Table 5). Table 4. Simulation-based Assessment of Clinical Competence According to Problem Solving Process, and Critical Thinking Disposition Characteristics Simulation-based assessment of clinical competence n (%) Mean ± SD t (p) Critical thinking disposition Above mean (3.67 point) 105 (49.5) 1.53± (.036) Below mean (3.67 point) 108 (50.5) 1.49±0.17 Problem solving process Above mean (3.76 point) 107 (50.0) 1.53± (.140) Below mean (3.76 point) 107 (50.0) 1.49±0.16 (N=214) Table 5. Correlation between Problem Solving Process, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Sub-domains of Simulation-based Assessment of Clinical Competence (N=214) Preparation Perception of problem Nursing assessment Simulation-based assessment of clinical competence Nursing plan & Intervention Patients teaching & Communication r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) Critical thinking disposition.122 (.074).043 (.528).145 (.034) (.214) (.713).032 (.643) Problem solving process (.937).025 (.717).029 (.678).036 (.604).049 (.476).061 (.377) Total 김성희, 남현아, 김미옥 299

7 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: 논의 간호교육에서활발히적용되어온시뮬레이션기반학습은면밀한근거하에계획되고평가되어야지만그적절성을확보할수있을것이다. 즉시뮬레이션기반학습설계시시뮬레이션학습을통해이루고자하는것, 시뮬레이션학습의목적, 주제선정, 시나리오의난이도및평가체계를설정함에있어실습학생의비판적사고와문제해결과정정도를고려할필요가있으며, 학습방법의체계적인설계와학습자수준의면밀한사정은시뮬레이션학습의효과를극대화시킬수있을것으로생각된다. 이에본연구는간호학생의비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도와시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와어떠한관계가있는지를파악해보고자하였다. 본연구대상자의비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도는점수범위 1-5 점에서 3.76 ± 0.46, 3.67± 0.47점으로중간이상으로나타나간호대학생을대상으로한선행연구 (Hur et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2009) 와유사한수준이었다. 이는간호교육에서비판적사고역량을강조하고훈련의기회를제공해온결과로생각된다. Kwon 등 (2006) 은간호계가공유하는임상교육가이드라인은간호교육에필요한비판적사고역량이최대한반영될수있도록하는것이중요함을강조하면서, 간호교육의목표는주어진상황에서무비판적으로간호실무를수행하는것이아니라정보를적용하고, 분석, 종합, 추론하며의사결정시효율적으로판단할수있는자기의견을논리적으로제시할수있는비판적사고능력과이러한능력을사용하고자하는비판적사고성향을갖춘간호사를양성하는데에있다하였다. 또한 Martin (2000) 은급변하는의료문화와다양한대상자의반응에적절하게대처하기위해서는간호사의자율성과문제해결능력이요구되기때문에비판적사고능력을함양할수있는교육의필요성을강조하였다. 간호교육에서필요로하는비판적사고능력은임상적상황에처한간호사가올바른판단을하여주어진문제를해결하는데필요한인지기술과태도로, 간호교육을위한비판적사고수업은임상적상황에서의최선의판단과적절한문제해결을목표로해야할것이며, 이목표를달성하기위한시나리오를적용하고자할때에는표준화된임상시나리오를제시하는데에그치는것이아니라각시나리오의학습을통해얻고자하는학습성과를비판적사고의기준에맞추어체계화하는작업이필요하다 (Seo, 2013). 또한그시나리오에맞는 상황판단 과 문제해결 에필요한비판적사고의요소와기준들을제시할필요가있다 (Seo, 2013). 즉, 임상시나리오를통해비판적사고능력을학습하고자한다면, 시나리오학습이비판적사고능력향상에실질적으로기여할수있도록설계되어야할것이며, 비판적사고를위한학습방법및전략은비판적사고의기술과성향중구체적으로어떠한항목에서어떠한평가를내릴수있는것인지적절한 학습및평가기준 (rubric) 을제시할필요가있다 (Seo, 2013). 또한시뮬레이션학습점수를간호대학생의실습성적의일부로제시하거나경험자의훈련정도를파악하기위한평가도구로활용하고자할때에는평가도구의적절성확보를위한교수자의협의와수준평가와같은사전조사를기반으로변별력있는평가가이루어질수있도록해야하겠다. 열성경련환아간호상황을주제로한시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수는점수범위 0-2점에서 1.51점으로중간이상이었으며, 하부영역중사전준비에서가장높은점수를, 간호사정영역에서가장낮은점수를나타내었다. 간호사정은지식을기반으로하여대상자의상태를통합적으로인식하고사고하는것으로간호과정의첫번째단계로사정자료는간호과정의다른단계에서의결정에기초자료가되기때문에정확하고완전해야한다 (Wilkinson, 2007). 간호진단의유용성과타당성은정확한자료수집에의존하기때문에 (Wilkinson, 2007) 간호대학생의간호사정기술은간호과정에있어중요한요소이다. 본연구에서간호사정영역의임상수행능력평가점수가가장낮았던것은대상자의문제를찾아내고해결함에있어필수적인요소가부적절한것을의미하므로, 교수자는간호학생의강점뿐만아니라이와같은약점을파악하여교과과정및교수방법에반영할필요가있겠다. 또한본연구에서임상수행능력평가의간호사정영역점수는비판적사고성향정도와유의한상관관계를나타내어비판적사고성향이높은학생들이간호사정을면밀히하는경향이있는것으로조사되었다. 간호과정의모든단계에서비판적사고를필요로하지만, 특히사정단계에서는어떤사정을할것인가, 많은양의정보가필요한가, 이정보가어디에있으며그정보를어떻게구할것인가에대한결정, 즉인간의기본욕구, 해부생리, 질병과정, 인간의성장과발달, 인간의행위, 사회경제적양상과경향, 다양한문화와종교등에대한원리와이론의적용을위해적절한비판적사고를필요로한다 (Wilkinson, 2007). 따라서시뮬레이션기반학습설계에있어수시로변화되는환아의임상상황을비판적사고를바탕으로적절하게사정하여우선순위에입각한간호중재를수행할수있도록간호사정역량향상방안을고려하여야하겠다. 본연구에서비판적사고성향이높은간호대학생의시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수가비판적사고성향이평균이하로낮은학생에비해유의하게높은것으로조사되어, 간호문제상황을해결함에있어학생이가지고있는비판적사고성향정도가긍정적으로영향함을확인할수있었다. 그러나시뮬레이션교육의효과를측정한많은연구에서시뮬레이션실습교육은비판적사고향상에효과적임을보고한바있는 (Sullivan-Mann, Perron, & Fellner, 2009) 반면, 시뮬레이션학습경험이간호학생의비판적사고성향에영향을미치지않은보고 (Kim & Jang, 2010; Lee & Hahn, 2011) 도있어시뮬레이션학습이비판적사고성향과어떠한관계에있는가, 관계가있다면어떠한영역에서연관성이 300 간호대학생의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및아동간호시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력

8 높은지를확인할필요가있다. 이는대상자의비판적사고능력을향상하기위한시뮬레이션학습전략을설계시근거가될수있다. 본연구결과, 간호대학생의문제해결과정정도는시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와유의한관계가없어, 문제해결과정과임상수행능력이정적상관관계를가지고있음을보고한 Chaung (2011) 과상반된다. 그러나본연구의임상수행능력은시뮬레이션기반학습에서임상상황을해결하는데에필요한수행능력으로선행연구와직접비교에어려움이있어이에대한반복연구가필요할것으로사료된다. 본연구의간호대학생의문제해결과정정도가선행연구와유사한수준임에도불구하고, 임상수행능력정도에긍정적영향을미치지못한것에는시나리오의난이도, 평가체계의복합성과같은시뮬레이션학습의내용측면과시나리오와평가방법의공지와훈련등시뮬레이션운영방법등의다양한요인이영향하였음을고려해보아야할것이다. 예를들어, 학생들이시뮬레이션평가시점에서임상상황의문제를판단하고해석하여중재를계획하고실행하기보다는시뮬레이션실습전공지된모듈을참고로임상상황해결을위해예측되는술기절차를단순히외워서적용하진않았는지, 그경우체크리스트가주어진상황에서임상수행능력을반영하기에충분한지혹은너무많은것을측정하고자하거나너무복합적이진않은지등에대한면밀한검토가필요할것으로생각된다. 많은선행연구에서시뮬레이션학습경험이간호학생의문제해결과정정도에영향을미치지않음을보고하였다 (Kim & Jang, 2010; Lee & Hahn, 2011). Shepherd, McCunnis, Brown과 Hair (2010) 또한시뮬레이션을활용한교육이학생상호간의사소통, 전문적인간호기술등과같은정의적영역에서는유의한변화를나타내지만, 의사결정및문제해결과같은인지적영역에서는유의한효과를보이지않았음을보고하였다. 이러한이유를 Kim과 Jang (2010) 은지식과임상수행능력은단기교육으로도긍정적효과를거둘수있지만, 문제해결과정향상을위해서는최소 4-16 주정도의충분한중재기간이필요하기때문이라하였다. 문제해결과정은간호상황을신속히파악하여지식과술기를통합적으로적용할수있도록돕는것으로단기간의경험과훈련과정을통해직접적으로반영되기보다는반복적훈련을통해성숙되어진다. 그러므로제한된시간과다양한측면을고려해야하는시뮬레이션상황에서간호학생의문제해결과정정도가반영되기위해서는반복학습의기회를통한훈련을제공하여야하며, 시뮬레이션학습운영과평가방법에따라서로다르게영향받을수있으므로시뮬레이션기반학습설계시시뮬레이션학습의각단계구성, 교수자준비, 시나리오난이도의단계별적용및평가의목적과평가지구성등과같은시뮬레이션학습운영과평가방법에대한면밀한검토가필요한부분이라하겠다. Larew, Lessans, Spunt, Foster와 Covington (2006) 에의하면현실성 이높은 (high fidelity) 시뮬레이션프로그램을통해학생들이임상에서도출되는문제들에대한지각능력을높이고, 적절한환자간호수행방법을습득하며, 의사소통기술을익힘으로써팀원들과함께협동적으로문제해결과정에참여하는등의긍정적인효과를나타낸다고보고하여적절한이론이뒷받침된시뮬레이션실습은임상실무능력을향상시키는데더욱효과적이며, 시뮬레이션실습이문제중심학습과같은팀중심의토론식학습과병행하여반복될때간호학생의문제해결능력을향상시켜대상자의안위와건강문제해결에기여하는유능한간호인력으로의준비를도울수있다 (Lee & Hahn, 2011). 그러므로간호대학생의문제해결능력향상을위한시뮬레이션학습설계는문제중심학습과팀기반학습같은다양한학습방법을함께고려해볼필요가있을것으로생각된다. 결론 본연구의결과시뮬레이션기반학습은간호대학생의비판적사고성향이기반이되어야하며, 비판적사고성향정도는복합적인상황에서대상자의상태를파악하는간호사정에서특히긍정적영향을미친다는근거를제시하였다는점에그의의가있다. 시뮬레이션학습의목적이임상상황에대한경험을제공함으로써학생의강점을살리고약점을보완하는것에있고, 많은간호대학에서시뮬레이션학습점수를실습성적의일부로포함하고있어, 학습설계시부터면밀한검토를필요로하므로교수자들은학생들에게시뮬레이션학습을제공하는목적을명확히정리할필요가있으며, 정해진학습목표를달성하기위한체계적인시나리오와평가목록을계획해야한다. 단순술기평가보다는통합적사고를요하는임상시나리오를개발하고, 복잡한임상상황의재현보다는학생수준을고려하여시나리오의난이도를조절하여시뮬레이션학습에대한다양한경험을제공하고, 학생자신의역량을충분히발휘할수있는기회를제공하도록하여야하겠다. 또한시뮬레이션학습이전에학습자의강점과약점을파악함으로써시뮬레이션평가전단계에서충분한학습의기회를제공하는것이좋겠다. 어느정도수준이상의간호수행능력을갖춘간호사에대한요구가급격히증대되고있는간호실무현장에서아동간호사의직무를고려하여면밀하게계획된아동간호시뮬레이션기반학습은간호학생에게반드시요구되는비판적사고성향과문제해결과정향상에긍정적효과를가져다줄것으로생각된다. Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 김성희, 남현아, 김미옥 301

9 Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.20, No.4, October 2014: 요약 목적본연구의목적은간호대학생의비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와의상관관계를파악하는데에있다. 방법본연구의대상자는일간호대학 3학년학생 214명으로대상자의비판적사고성향과문제해결과정정도및시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수와의관계를파악하였다. 비판적사고성향은 Yoon (2008) 이개발한 5점척도의도구를사용하여측정하였고, 문제해결과정정도는 Lee 등 (2008) 가개발한 5점척도의문제해결과정측정도구, 시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가는연구자가개발한체크리스트를사용하였다. 수집된자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을이용하여기술통계, Pearson s correlation coefficients 를이용하여분석하였다. 결과간호대학생의비판적사고성향정도는 3.76 ± 0.46 ( 점수범위 1-5점 ), 문제해결과정정도는 3.67± 0.47 ( 점수범위 1-5점 ) 으로중간이상의점수를보였다. 시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가점수는비판적사고성향이평균점수 (3.67점 ) 이상으로높은간호대학생에게서유의하게높게나타난반면, 문제해결과정정도와의유의한상관관계는없는것으로조사되었다. 비판적사고성향은시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력평가의하부영역중간호사정영역에서유의한상관관계가있는것으로나타났다. 결론본연구는시뮬레이션기반학습은간호학생들의비판적사고성향이기반이되어야하며비판적사고성향정도는복합적인상황에서대상자의상태를파악하는간호사정에서긍정적영향을미친다는근거를제시하였다. 그러므로간호대학생의비판적사고함양을위한지속적인교육이필요하다. 또한시뮬레이션기반학습은학습자의이러한강점과약점을고려하여시뮬레이션평가전단계에서충분한학습의기회를제공함으로써질적으로우수한간호사에대한요구가증대되는현시점에효과적인대응책이될수있을것이다. References Bland, A. J., Topping, A., & Wood, B. (2011). A concept analysis of simulation as a learning strategy in the education of undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 31(7), Bowles, K. (2000). The relationship of critical-thinking skills and the clinical judgement skills of baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 39(8), Chaung, S. K. (2011). Critical thinking disposition, problem solving ability, and clinical competence in nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy Fundamental Nursing, 18(1), Facione, P. A., & Facione, N. C. (1993). Test manual: The California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press. Hay, A. D., Redmond, N. M., Costelloe, C., Montgomery, A. A., Fletcher, M., Hollinghurst, S., et al. (2009). Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: The PITCH randomized controlled trial. Health Technology Assessment, 13(27), bmj.a1302 Hicks, F. D., Coke, L., & Li, S. (2009). The effect of high-fidelity simulation on nursing students knowledge and performance: A Pilot Study. National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 40, Hur, H. K., Park, S., Shin, Y. H., Lim, Y. M., Kim, G., Kim, K. K., et al. (2013). Development and applicability evaluation of an emergent care management simulation practicum for nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy Society Nursing Education, 19(2), Hyland, J. R., & Hawkins, M. C. (2009). High-fidelity human simulation in nursing education: A review of literature and guide for implementation. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 4(1), Jeffries, P. R. (2005). A framework for designing, implementing, and evaluation simulations used as teaching strategies in nursing. Nursing Education Perspectives, 26, Kim, M. S., Park, C., Kim, Y. J., Min, C. H., & Oh, H. S. (2002). A Study For Developing Critical Thinking Test (II): Construction of the Test. Korea Accreditation Board Of Nursing, Kim, Y. H., & Jang, K. S. (2010). Effect of a simulation-based education on cardio-pulmonary emergency care knowledge, clinical performance ability and problem solving process in new nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 41(2), Ko, I. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, I. S., Kim, S. S., Oh, E. G., Kim, E. J., et al. (2010). Development of a scenario and evaluation for simulation learning of care for patients with asthma in emergency units. The Korean Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing, 17(3), Kolb, S. E., & Shugart, E. B. (1984). Evaluation: Is simulation the answer? Journal of Nursing Education, 23(2), Kwon, I. S., Lee, G. E., Kim, G. D., Kim, Y. H., Park, K. M., Park, H. S., et al. 302 간호대학생의비판적사고성향, 문제해결과정정도및아동간호시뮬레이션기반임상수행능력

10 (2006). Development of a critical thinking disposition scale for nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 36(6), Larew, C., Lessans, S., Spunt, D., Foster, D., & Covington, B. (2006). Innovation in clinical simulation: Application of Benner s theory in an interactive patient care simulation. Nursing Education Perspectives, 27(1), Lee, M. S., & Hahn, S. W. (2011). Effect of simulation-based practice on clinical performance and problem solving process for nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy Society Nursing Education, 17(2), Lee, S. O., Eom, M. R., & Lee, J. H. (2007). Use of simulation in nursing education. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education, 13(1), Lee, W. S., & Kim, M. O. (2011). Effects and adequacy of high-fidelity simulation-based teaching for obstetrical nursing. Journal of Korea Academy of Nursing, 41(4), Lee, W. S., Park, S. H., & Choi, E. Y. (2008). Development of a Korean Problem Solving Process Inventory for Adults. The Korean Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing, 15(4), Martin, C. (2000). Theory of critical thinking of nursing. Nursing Education Perspectives, 23(5), Seo, M. G. (2013). A study on class design of clinical critical thinking: Focusing on critical thinking skills for nursing education. Korean Journal of General Education, 7(5), Shepherd, C. K., McCunnis, M., Brown, L., & Hair, M. (2010). Investigating the use of simulation as a teaching strategy. Nursing Standard, 24(35), Shin, H. S., & Shin, K. K. (2010). Nursing students experience on pediatric nursing simulation practice. Journal of East-West Nursing Research. 16(2), Sullivan-Mann, J., Perron, C. A., & Fellner, A. N. (2009). The effects of simulation on nursing students critical thinking scores: A quantitative study. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 9(2), org/ /j.nainr Wilkinson, J. M. (2007). Nursing process and critical thinking (4th ed.). Pearson, NJ: Prentice Hall Yang, J. J. (2008). Development and evaluation of a simulation-based education course for nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy Adult Nursing, 20(4), Yang, S. H., Lee, O., Lee, W. S., Yoon, J., Park, C. S., & Lee, S. J. (2009). Critical disposition and clinical competency in 3 nursing college with different education methods. Journal of Korean Academy Society Nursing Education, 15(2), Yoo, E. Y. (2005). Medical simulation. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 3, Yoo, S. H., Oh. J. A., & Lee, Y. M. (2010). A study on the improvement of the curriculum of the department of nursing I - Understanding internal and external environment changes in nursing education. Health Science, 2, Yoon, J. (2008). A study on the critical thinking disposition of nursing students - Focusing on a school applying integrated nursing curriculum. Journal of Academy Nursing Administration, 14(2), 김성희, 남현아, 김미옥 303

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5, * 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: NCS : * A Study on

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   NCS : * A Study on Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.157-176 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.157 NCS : * A Study on the NCS Learning Module Problem Analysis and Effective

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   The Effect of Caree Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.325-349 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.325 The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior Before and After Major Transitions

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Effect of Paren Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

48.hwp

48.hwp Vol.7, No.2, February (2017), pp. 505-513 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.02.35 간호대학생들의응급시뮬레이션간호수행영향요인 일반임상수행능력비판적사고디브리핑만족도를중심으로 최은희 곽윤경 요약 본연구는응급시뮬레이션상황에서간호대학생들의문제해결능력비판적사고디브리핑만족도가간호수행능력에미치는영향을파악하기위한목적으로수행되었다연구대상자들은시소재일대학의간호대학생학년명이었다대상자들은시뮬레이션실습전실험에대한전반적인설명을듣고시뮬레이션실습후설문지를작성하였다간호수행평가는학생이시뮬레이션상황에서간호수행을하는동안명의평가자가수행평가표에따라수행하였다수집된자료는프로그램을이용하여빈도분석분석을하였다연구결과응급시뮬레이션상황속의간호학생들의간호수행능력은일반임상수행능력비판적사고디브리핑만족도와유의한상관관계가있는것으로나타난반면일반적특성및문제해결능력은유의한상관관계가나타나지않았다회귀분석결과비판적사고와일반임상수행능력은간호수행에유의한영향을끼치지못하였으며디브리핑만족도의설명력도로시뮬레이션상황에서의간호수행을설명하기에는부족하였다핵심어임상수행능력비판적사고간호수행문제해결디브리핑

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

상담학연구. 10,,., (CQR).,,,,,,.,,.,,,,. (Corresponding Author): / / 567 Tel: /

상담학연구. 10,,., (CQR).,,,,,,.,,.,,,,. (Corresponding Author): / / 567 Tel: / . 10,,., (CQR).,,,,,,.,,.,,,,. (Corresponding Author): / / 567 Tel: 063-270-2746 / E-mail : tgeunmi@jbnu.ac.kr . 2,... 2011 (, 2011), (, 2010),., (, 2004;, 2011). (,, 2006), (,, 2005; Yalom & Leszcz, 2005:

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

2015 간호학과 D ept. of N ursing

2015 간호학과 D ept. of N ursing 2015 간호학과 D ept. of N ursing < > Ⅰ., 1. 1 2. 1 3. 2 Ⅱ. 1. 3 2. 3 3. 4 4. 5 5. 5 6. 6 7. 7 (1) 2015 7 (2) 2014 10 (3) 2013 14 8. (2015 ) 18 Ⅲ. 1. 29 2. 30 3. 31 4. 3 4 33 5. 35 6. 4 3+1 36 7. 39 8. 42 9.

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: : A Study on the Ac

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   : A Study on the Ac Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.269-293 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.269 : A Study on the Actual Condition of Character Education in Early Childhood

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201 4 21.,,,.,,. 1, 2, 3, 4.,,,,,,.,,,,., ( ). 60-66,,,,,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-220-2495/ E-mail: ikkim@jj.ac.kr .,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;,

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * Early Childhood T

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Early Childhood T Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.243-269 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.243 * Early Childhood Teachers' Perception on Reconstruction of Curriculum

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

(5차 편집).hwp

(5차 편집).hwp (215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)

More information

Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.4, April (2019), pp

Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.4, April (2019), pp Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.9, No.4, April (2019), pp. 413-426 http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ajmahs.2019.04.40 호흡기질환환자간호를위한시뮬레이션설계및평가 최윤하

More information

다문화 가정의 부모

다문화 가정의 부모 영유아아동정신건강연구 Korean Journal for Infant Mental Health 2013, Vol. 6, No. 1, 57-84 영유아기정서및행동문제에대한 부모와일반교사의인식및지원욕구조사 - 57 - 영유아아동정신건강연구 6 권 1 호 - 58 - 영유아기정서및행동문제에대한부모와일반교사의인식및지원욕구조사 - 59 - 영유아아동정신건강연구 6 권

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

Apparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability 27 2, 71-90. 2009. 3 * ** 3, 3,. B 2003 4 2004 2.,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability Development) ** ( : heyjun@gmail.com) 72 한국교육문제연구제

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

1)2) 1

1)2) 1 1)2) 1 2 3 4 수업전활동 수업중활동 수업후활동 5 년도 / 학기 학수번호 교과목명 교강사명 개요 / 진행 6 7 8 9 인적사항응답자수 ( 명 ) 구성비인적사항응답자수 ( 명 ) 구성비 10 자체평가에따른잘한점 자체평가에따른아쉬운점 자체평가에따른잘한점 자체평가에따른아쉬운점 자체평가중잘한점 자체평가중미비점 자체평가중잘한점 자체평가중미비점 11 자체평가에따른잘한점

More information

<333720B1E8B9CCBFAC2DB0A3C8A3C7D0BBFDC0C720C0D3BBF3BCF6C7E0B4C9B7C22E687770>

<333720B1E8B9CCBFAC2DB0A3C8A3C7D0BBFDC0C720C0D3BBF3BCF6C7E0B4C9B7C22E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 3 pp. 1884-1893, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.3.1884 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 김미연 1* 1 수원여자대학교간호학부 Affecting

More information

<32382DC3BBB0A2C0E5BED6C0DA2E687770>

<32382DC3BBB0A2C0E5BED6C0DA2E687770> 논문접수일 : 2014.12.20 심사일 : 2015.01.06 게재확정일 : 2015.01.27 청각 장애자들을 위한 보급형 휴대폰 액세서리 디자인 프로토타입 개발 Development Prototype of Low-end Mobile Phone Accessory Design for Hearing-impaired Person 주저자 : 윤수인 서경대학교 예술대학

More information

<30392EB9DAB0A1B6F72CC1A4B3B2BFEE2E687770>

<30392EB9DAB0A1B6F72CC1A4B3B2BFEE2E687770> 한국심리학회지 : 상담 및 심리치료 The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2008, Vol. 20 No. 1, 161-182 성폭력 상담에서 내담자들이 지각한 도움경험(Helpful Experience): 질적 분석 * 박 가 람 정 남 운 가톨릭대학교 본 연구는 성폭력 상담에서 내담자들이 지각하는 도움경험과

More information

03신경숙내지작업

03신경숙내지작업 57~82 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 A Study on the Educational Use of Dolmen Construction Technology Kyung-sug Shin (Research Centre of Dolmens in Northeast Asia)

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: : - Qualitative Met

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   : - Qualitative Met Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.369-397 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.369 : - Qualitative Meta-Synthesis on Child-Nurturing Experiences of Female

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

<C1DF3320BCF6BEF7B0E8C8B9BCAD2E687770>

<C1DF3320BCF6BEF7B0E8C8B9BCAD2E687770> 2012학년도 2학기 중등과정 3학년 국어 수업 계획서 담당교사 - 봄봄 현영미 / 시온 송명근 1. 학습 목적 말씀으로 천지를 창조하신 하나님이 당신의 형상대로 지음 받은 우리에게 언어를 주셨고, 그 말씀의 능 력이 우리의 언어생활에도 나타남을 깨닫고, 그 능력을 기억하여 표현하고 이해함으로 아름다운 언어생활 을 누릴 뿐만 아니라 언어문화 창조에 이바지함으로써

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on Organizi Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A S Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem

More information

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770>

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770> 에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

-07-......

-07-...... A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early

More information

교수학습계획서 2017 학년도 1 학기담당교수 : 채여주 ( 인 ) 교과목명간호과정과비판적사고이수구분전공기초학점 2 대상학과간호학과대상학년 2 시수 ( 이론 / 실습시간 ) 2 ( 2 / 0) 교과목개요 전문직으로서간호의위치를확립하고, 간호실무의전문성을증진시키기위하여비

교수학습계획서 2017 학년도 1 학기담당교수 : 채여주 ( 인 ) 교과목명간호과정과비판적사고이수구분전공기초학점 2 대상학과간호학과대상학년 2 시수 ( 이론 / 실습시간 ) 2 ( 2 / 0) 교과목개요 전문직으로서간호의위치를확립하고, 간호실무의전문성을증진시키기위하여비 교수학습계획서 2017 학년도 1 학기담당교수 : 채여주 ( 인 ) 교과목명간호과정과비판적사고이수구분전공기초학점 2 대상학과간호학과대상학년 2 시수 ( 이론 / 실습시간 ) 2 ( 2 / 0) 교과목개요 전문직으로서간호의위치를확립하고, 간호실무의전문성을증진시키기위하여비판적인사고에근거하여간호과정을적용함으로써대상자에게보다효과적인간호를제공하기위한기초교과과정이다.

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon [ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

<C7A5C1D8BFF8B0ED20BCF6BDC328C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770>

<C7A5C1D8BFF8B0ED20BCF6BDC328C3D6C1BEBABB292E687770> 연구보고 2010-14 표준보육과정 활용도 제고 방안 - 표준보육과정 개정안 해설서 작성을 중심으로- 표준보육과정 활용도 제고 방안 - 표준보육과정 개정안 해설서 작성을 중심으로- 육아정책연구소 : 서문희 김진경 유해미 조혜주 외부 공동연구진: 김명순 서영숙 이완정 한유미 나종혜 이영환 김혜금 이미정 오연주 황혜정 서소정 성지현 이유진 황옥경 최혜영 김선영

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

,......

,...... The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: / ,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * The Participant Expe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Participant Expe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.17-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.17 * The Participant Experiences and Expectations of Pre-service Teachers for

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information