Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * A Study on the De
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1 Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * A Study on the Development of Changemaker Education Program Purpose: The importance of entrepreneurship has been increasing not only to the public sector but also to the members of every organization. The primary purpose of this study is to develop a changemaker education program for fostering the extended notion of entrepreneurship that complements the limitations of existing start-up-oriented entrepreneurship education and includes solving social problems. Methods: To this end, the Youth Venture program, the youth social entrepreneurship education program in Ashoka, and the existing entrepreneurship education programs in South Korea were analyzed. Results: As a result, establish identity, define problems, discover solutions, implementation, create movement, and make sustainable change were concluded to be key elements of the program. Based on this, feedback was collected from students and teachers to gain relevant information to help develop the second draft of the program. The final version was completed in a way that reflects review from expert groups in the field. Conclusion: The program developed in this study is expected to be used in primary and secondary education to help every youth become a changemaker in order to solve social problems by fostering entrepreneurship. Key words : entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, changemaker, student-centered project * Corresponding Author: Lee, Eun-Sang. Changdeok Girls Middle Schhol, Seoul, Korea, eslee15@changdeok.ms.kr
2 ., (Peter, 1985).. (Entrepreneurship).,. (, 2016).,.,,..,. (Startup). (Kirby, 2004). (, 2017;, 2018)... (Ashoka) (Youth Venture) (, 2017)... (, 2016).,.,
3 ,... ( )..., Entreprendre (Entrepreneur). Schumpeter(1934), Peter(1985). (Entrepreneurship).,,.. (Corporate Entrepreneurship).,. (Smith, Barr, & Barbosa, 2008). (Social Entrepreneurship), (Public Entrepreneurship) (, 2016).
4 (,, 2014).... (authentic). (Jack & Anderson, 1999).., < -1>. < -2>.,,. (2012) [WI-FI], (2015) [YEEP] ( ) _ _
5 ( ) (, ) : [9 ()08-02],. : [9 ()08-02],,.,. : [ ]. : [ ].,,., = ( ). 2013(OEC), 2015., (, 2016).,,, (, 2018). (Kirby, 2004),.,, (, 2014)..,,.,
6 . (2017). (2017),,... (Ashoka). (Social entrepreneur),, (Changemaker). (, 2016) (, 2015). Bornstein(2004).,, (Youth Venture).,,,.. (, 2016)... (, 2017) (2017) (2017). (2017)
7 ., (2017). (2017) (2017) (2017) /
8 .,, 1 ( ) ( ),.. (--- ). (PPT)., ( ). 1) 프로그램핵심요소도출
9 체인지메이커 교육 프로그램 개발 연구 메이커 교육을 중심에 두었다. 개인의 생존을 넘어서 사회적 공존을 위해 기업가정신을 갖추는 사람들을 체인지메이커라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구와 유사한 맥락에서 연구 실행된 바 있는 기존 의 기업가정신 교육, 체인지메이커 교육, 디자인씽킹 교육 프로그램 관련 선행연구 및 사례를 분석하였다. 선행연구 및 사례에서 제시하고 있는 요소들을 나열하여 유사한 것끼리 통합한 후 공통요소를 추출하였다. 그리고 각 선행연구 및 사례들이 앞서 추출한 공통요소를 반영하고 있 는지를 검토한 후 2개 이상의 선행연구 및 사례가 반영하고 있는 것의 이름을 변형하여 본 프 고그램의 핵심요소로 도출하였다. 2) 청소년 및 현장교육자 검토 및 요구사항 확인 선행연구 및 사례분석을 통해 1차 교육프로그램 설계안을 구성한 후 <그림 Ⅲ-2>와 같이 청 소년과 현장교육자들에게 검토 받았다. 프로그램을 확정하기 전에 교육대상자인 청소년들의 요 구와 이해도 등을 파악하기 위함이었다. 또한 현장교육자들에게도 프로그램에 대한 요구와 적절 성 그리고 활동 아이디어와 유의사항에 관한 자료를 수집하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 프로그램과 유사한 교육경험을 지니고 있는 청소년 9명, 현장교육자 13명이 참여하였다. 청소년은 중학생 2명, 고등학생 7명이었다. 현장교육자가 지도하 는 학교급은 중학교 9명, 고등학교 4명이었다. 프로그램 검토 시간은 각각 3시간이었다. 30분 정 도 본 연구와 프로그램 전반에 대한 소개를 받았으며 2시간 정도 프로그램에 대해 집중 검토하 고 수정의견을 제시하였다. 나머지 30분은 프로그램 검토에 대한 전체적인 의견을 성찰하고 공 유하였다. <그림 Ⅲ-2> 청소년 및 현장 교육자 검토 3) 전문가 검토 연구진은 청소년과 현장교육자의 검토의견 및 요구사항을 반영하여 2차 프로그램(안)을 도출 하였다. 2차 교육프로그램(안)을 전문가 5인에게 타당성 검토를 의뢰하였다. 의뢰한 전문가는 <표 Ⅲ-1>과 같다
10 ( ) ,,. 4 (,,, ).,. < -2>......?
11 4., (Content Validity Ratio; CVR) Lawshe(1975) CVR 1). CVR N Ne. (2016). 5 3 CVR 0.2., (ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient). (Koo & Li, 2016).. 1) 체인지메이커교육프로그램핵심요소도출 (, 2017) (, 2017) (, 2017). (2017) (2017).,.. < -1>.,.,,.. 1)
12 .,,, /. < -2>. (2017) (2017) (2017) d. school (n.d.) I P S A M C 2) 1 차교육프로그램 ( 안 ) 도출 6. 1.,..
13 .,. ( ) < -3>. I I-1.. I-2. I-3.() P S A M C ) 청소년과현장교육자검토및요구 1.,,... < -4>.
14 I P S A,.,, " "....., (, )., M,,... (, 6 )..
15 ( ) C,. 1,,., ) 2 차교육프로그램 ( 안 ) 도출 < -5>... () I-1. I-1-1. '. I I-2. I-3. I-1-2. I-2-1. I-2-2. I-3-1. I (Empathy)..
16 ( ) () ' P-1-1.? P-1.. / P P-1-2.., P P-2. P P P P-3-3. /. P S P-3. P-4. P-5. S-1. P-3-4. P-3-5. P-3-6. P-4-1. P-4-2. P-5-1. P-5-2. S-1-1. S-1-2. S-1-3. S why. ( ).. ( ).....
17 ( ) () S A M S-2. A-1. A-2. A-3. M-1. M-2. S-2-1. S-2-2. A-1-1. A-1-2. SMART A-2-1. A-2-2. A-2-3. A-3-1.? M-1-1. M-2-1. C SMART. /., C C-1. C-1-2. C C-1-4. TOMS.
18 ( ) () C C C-2. C-2-2. C C C C-3. C-3-2. Global soap project Global soap project. C C-3-3. C C-4. C-4-2. C ( ) < -6>. ( ),,.
19 [Problem] P-1. P-1-1.? [] '. []? ''.,?,? [] ,,, ,. P-1-2. [] /. [],. [] 1.., ' '.. ( ) 2,,. 3.,,,,,., 4 (,,, ). 1) 프로그램핵심요소에대한전문가검토 6.. < -7>. < -7> CVR 0.2(, 2016).
20 OO OO OO OO OO CVR ICC < -8>. ICC.794 (good) (Koo & Li, 2016). ICC ) 프로그램활동모듈별활동내용에대한타당도평가 (< -5> ). CVR < -9> 0.2(, 2016).., I-3-2, P-5-1, P-5-2. OO OO OO OO OO 1 I I I I I I CVR
21 ( ) OO OO OO OO OO 7 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P S S S S S S A A A A A A M M C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CVR
22 ICC < -10>. ICC.954 (excellent) (Koo & Li, 2016). ICC ) 프로그램전반에대한전문가검토.,,,, < -11>. < -11> CVR 0.2(, 2016). OO OO OO OO OO CVR ICC < -12>. ICC.785 (good) (Koo & Li, 2016). ICC < -13>..
23 I P S A M C,..,....., ,
24 . < -14>... < -14> ( ) 16, 32.,. 16~17.. C.. () I-1-1. I-1. I-1-2. I I-2-1. I-2. I-2-2. I-3-1. I-3. I-3-2. P-1-1.? P-1. P-1-2. P-2-1. P-2. P-2-2. P-3-1. P-3-2. P P-3-3. / P-3. P-3-4. P-3-5. P-3-6. P why P-4. P-5. P-4-2. P-5-1. P-5-2.
25 ( ) () S-1-1. S-1-2. S S-1. S-1-3. S-1-4. S-2-1. S-2. S-2-2. ( ) A-1. A-1-1. A-1-2. SMART A A-2-1. A-2. A-2-2. A-2-3. A-3. A-3-1. M C M-1. M-1-1. M-2. M-2-1. C-1-1. C-1. C-1-2. C-1-3. C-1-4. TOMS C-2. C-3. C-4. C-2-1. C-2-2. C-2-3. C-2-4. C-3-1. C-3-2. Global soap project C-3-3. C-4-1. C-4-2. C-4-3. < -1>.,,,,, ( ),,, ().
26 교육혁신연구 제29권 제2호 <그림 Ⅳ-1> 최종 교육프로그램 활동모듈별 교육자료 예시 현장교육자용 교육자료는 각 활동 모듈별로 구체적인 활동 방법이나 의미를 설명하는 영상자 료를 추가 제작하였다. 이는 현장교육자들이 다양한 콘텐츠 형태의 교육자료에 대한 의견을 적 극 반영한 결과이다. 사용자의 수준과 상황에 따라 서책형 교육자료보다는 영상자료가 실제 교 육 현장에서 활용도가 높을 수 있다. 일종의 원격연수 형태로 제작되어 본 프로그램을 처음 접 하는 현장교육자 및 청소년들이 쉽게 활용할 수 있다. <그림 Ⅳ-2>와 같이 모든 자료는 오픈 플랫폼인 유튜브를 이용해 기업가정신과 체인지메이커 교육에 관심 있는 누구라도 이용할 수 있도록 하였다. <그림 Ⅳ-2> 최종 교육프로그램 활동모듈별 영상자료 예시
27 ..,,...., I, P, S, A, M, C 6 38.,..., 9, 13..,,,., , 32.,,.,,..,..,.
28 ,...,,.,.,..,. (2017). (Framework). (4), , (2014).. (2), 1-38., (2012). :., (2015). :,. (2016). :,,.. (2014).. (4), (2016)... (2017).. (1), (2017) (2017). :.
29 (2015). :. (2016). (Changemaker) : S. (3), (2016).. (4), (2018). 4.. Bornstein, D. (2004). How to change the world: Social Entrepreneurs and the power of New Ideas.,,, (2013). :. d.school (n.d.). How An Introduction to Design Thinking PROCESS GUIDE. groups/designresources/wiki/36873/attachments/74b3d/modeguidebootcamp2010l.pdf Jack, S. L., & Anderson, A. R. (1999). Entrepreneurship education within the enterprise culture: Producing reflective practitioners. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 5(3), Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research, Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 16(4), Kirby, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: Can business schools meet the challenge?. Education+Training, 46(8/9), Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4), Peter, F. D. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship., (2004). :. Schumpeter, J. (1934). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Row. Smith, B. R., Barr, T. F., & Barbosa, S. D. (2008). Social Entrepreneurship: A Grounded Learning Approach to Social Value Creation. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 16(4), : / : / :
30 :,.,. : (Ashoka), 1. 2,. :,,,,,., 48. :.
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