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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Jan.; 26(1), 6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.1.63 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) 900 MHz RFID A 900 MHz RFID Receiver with an Integrated Digital Data Slicer 조영아 김동현 김남형 이재성 Younga ChoDong-Hyun KimNamhyung KimJae-Sung Rieh 요약 0.11μm CMOS 900 MHz RFID. RFID, D-,, RFID.. 1.68 MHz, 5 μw, 325 μm 290 μm. Abstract In this paper, a receiver has been developed in a 0.11-μm CMOS technology for 900 MHz RFID communication system applications. The receiver is composed of an envelope detector, a low-pass-filter, a comparator, D flip-flops, as well as an oscillator to provide the clock for digital blocks. The receiver is designed for low power consumption, which would be suitable for passive RFID tags. In this circuit, a digital data slicer was employed instead of the conventional analog data slicer in order to reduce the power consumption. The clock frequency is 1.68 MHz and the circuit operates with a power consumption as small as 5 μw. The chip size is 325 μm 290 μm excluding the probing pads. Key words: RFID Tag, 900 MHz, Receiver, Digital Data Slicer. 서론 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) [1]. RFID,., [2].,, [3]. RFID,,.,., RFID,, 2011 () (No.2011-0020128). (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University) Manuscript received October 22, 2014 ; Revised December 12, 2014 ; Accepted December 22, 2014. (ID No. 20141022-12S) Corresponding Author: Jae-Sung Rieh (e-mail: jsrieh@korea.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 63

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2015. [4]. RFID LF, HF, UHF.,., UHF 900 MHz RFID,. 900 MHz RFID RFID. 0.11 μm CMOS 900 MHz RFID.. 회로설계 900 MHz RFID 1., D-,. RF.. D-,.. RFID. 그림 2. Fig. 2. Envelope detector circuit. RF.. 2-1 포락선검출기 RFID 2. RF, MOS -., (Flicker noise) PMOS. 900 MHz (carrier).., 2 3.,. cos (1) 그림 1. Fig. 1. Block diagram of receiver., 64

900 MHz RFID (2).,, RF., 4. 그림 3. Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit of envelope detector. (3), RFID RF 20 dbm., 1.3 V, (3) piecewise linear. (4), 그림 4. - Fig. 4. I-V curve of transistor in envelope detector., (2). (5) sin (6) (6),. cos sin (7) 그림 5. Fig. 5. Operation of envelop detector. (7) (8). (8). 65

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2015. cos sin cos (8) (9) 5. 2-2 디지털데이터슬라이서 D-. 6. 7., 0 1. 1, 0 1 ( 7. V COMP ). 1/2. 1/3, D- ( 7. V OUT ).,., RFID,,, RFID.. 2 그림 6. Fig. 6. Schematic of the digital data slicer. 그림 7. Fig. 7. The graph of the digital data slicer operation. 그림 8. Fig. 8. Schematic of the analog data slicer. 66

900 MHz RFID Power consumption (uw) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 P(analog) P(digital) 20 30 40 50 60 Frequency (MHz) 그림 9. Fig. 9. A power consumption trend of analog data slicer and digital data slicer to follow operation frequencies., 8. 10.,,.,,,. 9., 9. 9,,.,.. RFID,., 1 RFID,. 2-3 발진기 3, 10. RFID. MOS (source degeneration)., 표 1. RFID Table 1. Comparison with other RFID receiver. RFID carrier Data rate V DD 900 MHz 100 kbps 1.68 MHz 0.11 CMOS ASK 1 V 5 μw (simulation) [7] 32.56 MHz 106 kbps - 0.18 CMOS BPSK - 360 μw [8] 900 MHz 150 kbps - 0.35 CMOS ASK 1.5 V 14 μw [9] 869 MHz, 2.45 GHz - - CMOS ASK, PSK 1.5 V 16.7 μw 67

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2015. 그림 10. Fig. 10. Oscillator circuit. 그림 11. (D IN, D IN_B) Fig. 11. Final output signal of receiver(d IN, D IN_B ). RFID, 1/3. 1.92 MHz ±25 %.. 측정결과, RFID.. RFID 100 khz 900 MHz. 7. 11,. 12, 1.68 MHz., 1/3 (CK D_B ) (CK B) 12. RFID. 그림 12. (CK B, C KD_B ) Fig. 12. Output signal of oscillator(ck B, C KD_B). 그림 13. RFID Fig. 13. Chip photo of fabricated RFID receiver. 68

900 MHz RFID 1 V V DD, 5 μw.., 325 μm 290 μ m, 13.. 결론 0.11 μm CMOS 900 MHz RFID. RFID.., 100 kbps 3.4 %. RFID. 900 MHz RFID. References [1] Medeiros et al., "Passive UHF RFID tag for airport suitcase tracking and identification", in Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp.123-126, Mar. 2011. [2],,, "UHF RFID ",, 22(4), pp. 489-499, Apr. 2011. [3] K. Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003. [4] Anastasis C. Plycarpou, George Gregoriou, Loizos Papaloziou, and etc., "A healthcare application based on passive UHF RFID technology", Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EU- CAP), pp. 2814-2818, Apr. 2011. [5] Kang, Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis and Design, Third Edition, McGraw Hill, 2005. [6] Ali Beirami, Mohammad Takhi, and Hossein Shamsi, "Extracting trade-off boundaries of CMOS two-stage opamp using particle swarm optimization", International Symposium on Signal, Circuits and Systems, pp.1-4, Jul. 2009. [7] Jong-Wook Lee, Duong Huynh Thai Vo, Quoc-Hung Huynh, and Sang Hoon Hong, "A fully integrated HFband passive RFID tag IC using 0.18-um CMOS technology for low-cost security applications", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, Jun. 2011. [8] Jong-Wook Lee, Bomson Lee, "A long-range UHF-band passive RFID tag IC based on high-q design approach", IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 7, Jul. 2009. [9] Udo Karthaus, Martin Fischer, "Fully integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7-uW minimum RF input power", IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, vol. 38, no. 10, Oct. 2003. 69

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2015. 조영 아 년 2월: 숭실대학교 정보통신전자공 학과 (공학사) 2013년 3월 현재: 고려대학교 전기전자 공학과 석사과정 [주 관심분야] RFID, RF 및 아날로그 집 적회로 김남 형 2013 김동 현 년 2월: 고려대학교 전기전자전파공 학부 (공학사) 2010년 8월: 고려대학교 전기전자공학과 (공학석사) 2010년 8월 현재: 고려대학교 전기전자 공학과 박사과정 [주 관심분야] RF/아날로그 회로 및 시스 2008 템 70 년 2월: 고려대학교 전기전자전파공 학부 (공학사) 2008년 8월 현재: 고려대학교 전기전자 공학과 석박사 통합과정 [주 관심분야] 밀리미터파 발진기 및 위 상동기루프 시스템 2008 이재 성 년 2월: 서울대학교 전기전자공학부 공학사) 년 2월: 서울대학교 전기전자공학과 공학석사) 년 11월: Univ. of Michigan EECS (공 학박사) 1999년 204년: IBM Semiconductor R&D Center 2004년 현재: 고려대학교 전기전자전파공학부 정교수 [주 관심분야] 밀리미터파 소자 및 회로, THz 1991 ( 1995 ( 1999