THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Aug.; 26(8), 710717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.8.710 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) RF ESPAR Design and Analysis of High Gain Beamforming Patch ESPAR Antenna for Railroad Wireless Communication 최진규 장국한 유흥균 Jinkyu ChoiKukhan Jang*Heung-Gyoon Ryu* 요약 3 ESPAR(Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator). ESPAR RF-,. ESPAR,.,. Abstract In this paper, we design an array antenna structure based on a patch ESPAR(Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator) antenna with three elements for reliable communication in high-speed railway wireless communication. The ESPAR antenna consists of the active element with a single RF-chain and the parasitic elements surrounding an active element. The ESPAR antenna is capable of beamforming by adjusting the reactance of the parasitic element. We propose a vertical array antenna structure based on the patch ESPAR antenna and simulate it according to the change of the number of antennas and the distance between antenna rows. The simulation results show that we can get the maximum beam gain and highest directivity when the distance between antenna rows is. Key words: ESPAR Antenna, Beamforming, Array Antenna, High-Gain Beam, Single RF-Chain. 서론.,. 5G. 5G (beamforming) 2013 () (No.2013R1A2A2A01005849), 2014 (14RTRP-B088444-01). (Smart Radio Research Team, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) * (Department of Electronics and Engineering, Chungbuk National University) Manuscript received April 27, 2015 ; Revised August 31, 2015 ; Accepted September 1, 2015. (ID No. 20150427-035) Corresponding Author: Heung-Gyoon Ryu (e-mail: ecomm@cbu.ac.kr) 710 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.
RF ESPAR Massive MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output), Inband Full Duplex, mmwave, small cell..,,..,.,...,.,.. DBF(Digital Beamforming), ESPAR.. DBF,, -.. DBF RF-. RF-,. ESPAR [1]. ESPAR RF- RF-,. RF-, [2]. 3 ESPAR.. RF-,. ESPAR. 3 ESPAR, CST MWS... ESPAR 안테나 2-1 모노폴형태의 ESPAR 안테나 ESPAR(Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator). ESPAR RF-. [2],[3]. ESPAR RF-. RF-,. 1 3 ESPAR. RF-, 2 [4],[5]. 1 3 ESPAR, [6]. (1) 711
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 8, Aug. 2015. 그림 1. 3 ESPAR Fig. 1. 3-element monopole ESPAR antenna. (2) cos cos (3) (1) ESPAR. (3) ESPAR, (2). ESPAR [7-8]. (4) (5) (6) (7) (4), (5). (6),. ESPAR ESPAR., ESPAR, ESPAR ESPAR. ESPAR. RF-, 2. ESPAR,... 2.45 GHz, () 122.36 mm. 2 3 ESPAR. FR-4 ( ) 4.3, loss tangent 0.025. 4 mm,. 2,., mutual coupling.,, S 11. 3, 3 ESPAR S 11. 2-2 패치형태의 ESPAR 안테나 ESPAR ESPAR. 그림 2. 3 ESPAR Fig. 2. 3-element patch ESPAR antenna. 712
RF ESPAR 그림 3. 3 ESPAR S 11 Fig. 3. S 11 of 3-element patch ESPAR antenna. 2.45 GHz 18.22 db, 93 MHz. 4 3 ESPAR.. 7.3 (a) - 3D (a) Beam pattern - 3D (b) - polar (b) Beam pattern - polar 그림 4. 3 ESPAR Fig. 4. Beam pattern of 3-element patch ESPAR antenna. (a) - 3D (a) Beam pattern - 3D (b) - polar (b) Beam pattern - polar 그림 6. 3 ESPAR Fig. 6. Beam pattern of 3-element patch ESPAR antenna.. dbi. 5 6 3 ESPAR. 5, 6. =0 5 phi=180 23, 6 phi=0 23.., 7.3 dbi 8.0 dbi.. 패치형 ESPAR 안테나배열구조 3 2 3 ESPAR. 7 8 3 ESPAR 2 4. 3 ESPAR 2 (a) - 3D (a) Beam pattern - 3D (b) - polar (b) Beam pattern - polar 그림 5. 3 ESPAR Fig. 5. Beam pattern of 3-element patch ESPAR antenna.. 그림 7. 3 ESPAR (2) Fig. 7. Array structure based on 3 elements patch ESPAR antenna(2 row). 713
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 8, Aug. 2015. 그림 8. 3 ESPAR (4) Fig. 8. Array structure based on 3 elements patch ESPAR antenna(4 row). (a) (a) Conventional array antenna system block diagram. 7 8 D. 9 RF- ESPAR. RF-. RF-, RF-,. ESPAR RF-,... 시뮬레이션및결과 4 3 3 ESPAR,. ESPAR. 1. = 122.36 mm, () phi=0,. 10 13 3D. (b) ESPAR (b) ESPAR array antenna system block diagram 그림 9. ESP- AR Fig. 9. Conventional array antenna system block diagram and ESPAR array antenna system block diagram. 1, ESPAR,. 2 ES- PAR 1.75 dbi 2.83 dbi. 4 714
RF ESPAR 표 1. Table 1. Simulation result. D (mm) S-parameter ( db) (MHz) (dbi) ( ) 1 row - 17 88 7.94 23 2 row 4 row 14 80 9.69 18 18 91 10.77 26 15 81 9.73 21 18 93 10.57 25 13 80 12.58 19 18 91 13.48 28 14 83 12.6 20 15 80 13.2 26 (a) 2 row (b) 4 row 그림 11. 3 ESPAR (D=) Fig. 11. Array structure based on 3 elements patch ESPAR antenna(d=). 4.64 dbi 5.54 dbi.,. ESPAR., 2, 2.83 dbi, 26, 4 5.54 dbi 28. 10 13 2 4 ESPAR. 10 13 (a) 2 row (b) 4 row 그림 12. 3 ESPAR (D= ) Fig. 12. Array structure based on 3 elements patch ESPAR antenna(d= ). (a) 2 row (b) 4 row 그림 10. 3 ESPAR (D=) Fig. 10. Array structure based on 3 elements patch ESPAR antenna(d=). (a) 2 row (b) 4 row 그림 13. 3 ESPAR (D=) Fig. 13. Array structure based on 3 elements patch ESPAR antenna(d=).,. 715
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 8, Aug. 2015. 12 13 1.5, 2,... 결론 3 ESPAR. 3 ESPAR.. RF-.,. 2, 2.83 dbi, 26. 4 5.54 dbi, 28. ESPAR.. ESPAR.,,. ESPAR, ESPAR. References [1] T. Ohira, K. Iigusa, "Electronically steerable parasitic array radiator antenna", Electronics and Communications in Japan, vol. 87, pp. 25-45, 2004. [2] C. Sun, A. Hirata, T. Ohira, and N. C. Karmakar, "Fast beamforming of electrically steerable parasitic array radiator antennas: theory and experiment", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1819-1832, Jul. 2004. [3] R. F. Harrington, "Reactively controlled directive arrays", IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-26, no. 3, May 1978. [4] Bong-Jun Kim, Heung-Gyoon Ryu, "Beamspace MIMO system with different elements distances in ESPAR array antenna", Information Networking (ICOIN), 2014 International Conference on, pp. 97-101, Feb. 2014. [5] Alrabadi, O., MIMO Communication Using Single Feed Antenna Arrays, Aalborg Universitet, pp. 27-29, 2011. [6] E. P. Tsakalaki, D. Wilcox, E. de Carvalho, C. B. Papadias, and T. Ratnarajah, "Spectrum sensing using singleradio switched-beam antenna systems", Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CR- OWNCOM), 2012 7th International ICST Conference on, pp. 118-123, Jun. 2012. [7],, " ESPAR MIMO ",, 39(10), pp. 579-584, 2014 10. [8],,,, "ESPAR QPSK MIMO ",, 25(7), pp. 737-746, 2014 7. 716
RF ESPAR 1999 2: ( ) 2001 2: () 2001 1: [ 주관심분야 ] MIMO-OFDM, 3GPP LTE, SDR, e-navigation, LTE-R 1988: 2002 32004 2: 1996: IEEE, IET 2002: 2008: ICWMC 2008 "Best Paper Award 2009: SPACOMM 2009 "Best Paper Award" [ 주관심분야 ],, B4G/5G, 2015 2: ( ) 2015 3: [ 주관심분야 ], 717