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ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1225-9330 (Print) ISSN 2288-4955 (Online) J Korean Acad Nurs Adm ( 간혞행정학회지 ) Vol. 24. 3, 193-201 https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.3.193 최윀정 1 강윀겜 1 양읞자 1 임지영 2 읞하대학교대학원 1, 읞하대학교간혞학곌 2 Patient Safety Perception of Nurses as related to Patient Safety Management Performance in Tertiary Hospitals Choi, Youn Jeong 1 Kang, Yoon Kyung 1 Yang, In Ja 1 Lim, Ji Young 2 1 Graduate School, Inha University 2 Department of Nursing, Inha University Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between perception of the importance and job performance of patient safety management. Methods: This descriptive study was performed using self-report questionnaires. Participants were 200 nurses who worked at 4 tertiary university hospitals where data were collected for 4 weeks in June 2016. Results: The scores for perception and performance were 4.28 and 4.37 points. A positive correlation was found between perception of the importance of patient safety management and job performance (r=.74, p<.001). In regression analysis, the perception of the importance of patient safety management (β=.74, p<.001) was a significant factor in the performance of patient safety management. The regression model was statistically significant (F=134.43, p<.001) and the explanatory power of the model was 58%. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate a need to develop strategies to improve perception of the importance of patient safety management. Also, this data should be used as a basis to develop education programs to improve awareness of the importance of patient safety management. Key Words: Patient safety, Perception, Safety management, Nurses, Tertiary care centers 서론 1. 연구의필요성 최귌정부의볎걎정책은볎장성강화와더불얎의료의질곌횚윚을향상시킀고걎강볎험재정의지속성을강화하Ʞ위한방향윌로변화하고있닀. 더불얎소비자의의료지식수쀀곌ꎀ심읎슝가핚에따띌의료의질곌환자안전은국가의제의쀑요 한요소가되었닀 [1]. 읎에정부는죌요질환에대한적정성평가륌확대하고있윌며또한의료Ʞꎀ읞슝제도 ( 읎하읞슝제띌칭핚 ) 륌도입하여전반적읞의료의질향상곌환자안전에대한평가륌지속적윌로강화하고있닀. 2010년부터시작된읞슝제는몚든의료Ʞꎀ을대상윌로하되병원꞉읎상의료Ʞꎀ은자윚적윌로읞슝을신청하나상꞉종합병원지정을위핎서는의묎조걎읎며, 읞슝제는 2015년부터시행된의료질평가의죌요한평가항목읎Ʞ도하닀 [2]. 죌요얎 : 환자안전, 읞식, 안전ꎀ늬, 간혞사, 상꞉종합병원 Corresponding author: Kang, Yoon Kyung Department of Nursing, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea. Tel: +82-32-890-2893, Fax: +82-32-890-3000, E-mail: yksilsil2@hanmail.net Received: Jan 4, 2018 Revised: Feb 19, 2018 Accepted: Mar 30, 2018 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution n-commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. c 2018 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration http://www.kanad.or.kr

최윀정 강윀겜 양읞자등 의료Ʞꎀ평가결곌는의료Ʞꎀ의질적수쀀을대왞적윌로읞정받을뿐아니띌, 수가에서가감지꞉을적용받고있윌며, 특히의료질평가지원ꞈ곌같은진료수가가산정책은의료Ʞꎀ의겜영에큰영향을죌얎질향상곌환자안전에대한의료Ʞꎀ의ꎀ심읎더욱슝가하고있닀. 따띌서의료Ʞꎀ에서환자안전은전첎구성원에게공통적윌로요구되는가장쀑요한원칙쀑하나읎고, 병원낎에서행핎지는몚든치료행위에가장우선적윌로고렀되얎알하는가치읎닀 [3]. 믞국에서는 2000년부터정부의여러위원회듀읎의료서비슀시슀템에서의안전곌질에대한심각한묞제듀을볎고핎왔닀. 믞국의학한늌원 (Institute of Medicine, IOM) 은 2000년에 Quality Chasm 볎고서에서음ꎀ되지않은의료결곌와싀수륌예방하Ʞ위핎의료시슀템을변화시킀는것은플할수없는음임을강조하고, 낮은질곌의료사고는의료비용곌질병의읎환윚곌사망률을슝가시킚닀고볎고하였닀. 읎와ꎀ렚하여 2003년믞국 Health Professions Education에서는몚든의료서비슀전묞가듀읎의료결곌의질을높읎고, 였류륌감소시킀고, 의료서비슀시슀템을변화시킀는데필요한역량곌능력을향상시킬것을권고하였닀 [4]. 당시 IOM 볎고서에서는의료Ʞꎀ종사자듀읎갖추얎알하는닀섯가지핵심역량윌로환자쀑심치료의제공, 닀학제적읞팀활동수행, 귌거Ʞ반싀묎의수행, 질향상역량, 및의료정볎의활용윌로제시하였닀. IOM 볎고서와ꎀ렚핎서믞국간혞계에서는간혞사륌위한질곌안전교육 (Quality and Safety Education for Nurse, QSEN) 을도입하여환자안전곌의료의질곌ꎀ렚된역량에대한통합된정볎와Ʞ쀀을제시하였닀. 읎에는 IOM의 5가지핵심역량에환자안전읎여섯번짞역량윌로추가되었고, 읎륌싀천하Ʞ에필요한간혞사의지식, Ʞ술, 태도및역량향상을위한정책을지속적윌로추진핎였고있닀 [5]. 반멎, 국낎에서는환자안전곌의료의질향상읎간혞사의필수직묎로요구되는상황임에도불구하고아직은의료질향상곌환자안전확볎륌위핎갖추얎알할핵심역량에대핎서학계와임상의합의가부족하고귞에대한교육곌정읎믞비한상태띌고볎고되고있닀 [6]. 최귌 10년간선행연구륌삎펎볞결곌에서도의료의질곌환자안전간혞직묎는죌로환자안전묞화와환자안전간혞활동곌의ꎀ계에ꎀ한연구듀 [7-9] 읎죌륌읎룚었는데, 대개종합병원간혞사나쀑환자싀, 수술싀, 정신곌와같은특수부서간혞사륌대상윌로한연구가대부분읎었고, 환자안전요구가높은쀑슝입원환자가많은상꞉종합병원의간혞사륌대상윌로한연구는믞믞한것윌로파악되었닀. 읎에볞연구에서는상꞉종합병원간혞사륌대상윌로환자안 전에대한쀑요성읞식곌직묎수행정도륌확읞하여환자안전간혞직묎수행향상을위한귌거자료륌마렚하고자하였닀. 2. 연구목적볞연구는상꞉종합병원간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬에대한쀑요성읞식읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에믞치는영향및ꎀ렚성을탐색하여환자안전직묎수행향상을위한귌거자료륌제시하고자한것윌로, 구첎적읞연구목적은닀음곌같닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도륌확읞한닀. 음반적특성에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행의찚읎륌확읞한닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행의찚읎륌확읞한닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의상ꎀꎀ계륌확읞한닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에믞치는영향을확읞한닀. 3. 용얎정의 1) 환자안전ꎀ늬환자안전읎란 의료서비슀전달곌정쀑에발생한환자의부상읎나사고로부터의예방 을뜻하며 [10], 환자안전ꎀ늬란읎러한환자안전을슝진시킀Ʞ위핎싀시하는간혞사의직묎수행을의믞한닀. 볞연구에서는환자확읞, 구두처방ꎀ늬, 투앜ꎀ늬, 수술및시술ꎀ늬, 환겜ꎀ늬, 감엌예방, 낙상예방, 욕찜예방, 응꞉상황에ꎀ한환자안전ꎀ늬활동을의믞한닀. 연구방법 1. 연구섀계 볞연구는및ꎀ렚성을파악하고자한서술적조사연구읎닀. 2. 연구대상및표볞추출방법볞연구의대상자는 800병상읎상 4개상꞉종합병원에귌묎 194 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

하는간혞사륌대상윌로하였닀. 연구의목적에따띌닀쀑회귀분석에필요한표볞크Ʞ는 G*Power 3.0.10 프로귞랚을읎용하여산출하였윌며, 유횚크Ʞ.15, 검정력.95, 유의수쀀.05에서독늜변수 14개 ( 연구변수 1개, 음반적특성 13개 ) 음때, 194 명윌로산출되얎쎝 200명을대상자로선정하였닀. 3. 연구도구 1) 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식볞연구에서는 Park 등 [11] 읎개발한환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식잡정도구륌사용하였닀. 도구는환자안전ꎀ늬에대한ꎀ심 7묞항, 환자안전ꎀ늬에대한자신감 5묞항, 환자안전ꎀ늬륌위한의지 5묞항, 환자안전ꎀ늬에대한읞지 4묞항, 쎝 4개영역, 21개의잡정묞항윌로구성되었닀. 잡정은 전혀귞렇지않닀 (1점) 에서 맀우귞렇닀 (5점) 의 Likert 5점척도로구성되얎있윌며, 점수가높을수록환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎높음을의믞한닀. 개발당시도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.86읎었고, 볞연구에서 Cronbach s 는.96읎었닀. 5. 자료분석수집된자료는 IBM SPSS/WIN 19.0 프로귞랚을읎용하여분석하였윌며구첎적읞자료분석방법은닀음곌같닀. 대상자의음반적특성및환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식, 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도는Ʞ술통계로분석하였닀. 대상자의음반적특성에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의찚읎는 Independent t- test, One-way ANOVA륌읎용하여분석하였닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의찚읎는 Independent t-test륌읎용하여분석하였닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의상ꎀꎀ계는 Pearson's correlation coefficient륌읎용하여분석하였닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에믞치는영향은닚계적닀쀑회귀분석 (stepwise multiple regression analysis) 륌수행하였닀. 2) 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행볞연구에서는 Lee [12] 가개발한도구륌 Lee [13] 가수정 볎완한환자안전묞화및환자안전ꎀ늬활동잡정도구륌사용하였닀. 도구는환자확읞 7묞항, 구두처방ꎀ늬 3묞항, 투앜ꎀ늬 7묞항, 수술및시술ꎀ늬 4묞항, 환겜ꎀ늬 3묞항, 감엌예방 3묞항, 낙상예방 3묞항, 욕찜예방 3묞항, 응꞉상황ꎀ늬 7묞항, 쎝 9개영역, 40개의잡정묞항윌로구성되었닀. 잡정은 전혀귞렇지않닀 (1점) 에서 맀우귞렇닀 (5점) 의 Likert 5점척도로구성되얎있윌며, 점수가높을수록환자안전ꎀ늬활동정도가높음을의믞한닀. 개발당시도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.92였고, 볞연구에서 Cronbach s 는.92였닀. 4. 자료수집볞연구의자료수집은연구자가속한Ʞꎀ의Ʞꎀ생명윀늬위원회로부터연구수행에대한승읞을얻은후에 2016년 6월부터 4죌간수행하였닀. 읎륌위하여뚌저자료수집대상읞 4 개상꞉종합병원의각간혞부서장에게자료수집에대한허띜을구한후, 연구찞여에동의한간혞사륌대상윌로섀묞지륌배포하고자ꞰꞰ록하게한후각자밀뎉하여제출하도록하였닀. 쎝 200부륌배부하여, 읎쀑한부륌제왞한 199부륌회수하여최종분석에활용하였닀. 6. 윀늬적고렀볞연구의진행에대하여Ʞꎀ의연구윀늬심의위원회의심의절찚륌받아연구진행에대한승읞을받았닀 (INHAUH 2016-05-022-001). 섀묞지는Ʞꎀ을식별할수있거나연구대상자의개읞정볎륌파악할수있는정볎는몚두묎Ʞ명처늬하여익명성읎유지되도록하였닀. 연구대상자에게는자신의자유의사로연구에의찞여여부륌결정할수있음곌연구찞여에동의하지않아도아묎런불읎익을받지않음을섀명하였윌며, 자료수집곌정쀑얞제든지자유롭게쀑닚할수있음도섀명하였닀. 닀음볞연구의목적을읎핎하고연구찞여에동의한대상자에게연구찞여동의서에서명을받은후, 섀묞조사륌시행하였닀. 연구대상자에게직, 간접적플핎가없도록섀묞지는밀뎉뎉투륌읎용하여수거하도록하였고, 연구대상자에게섀묞지작성에대한소정의사례륌제공하였닀. 개읞윌로부터수집된자료는각개읞에게부여된번혞로만입력하였닀. 수집된자료는사묎싀낎잠ꞈ장치가되얎있는개읞사묌핚에 3년간볎ꎀ하여연구책임자및공동연구자만읎엎람할수있도록하며, 읎후연구책임자가직접폐Ʞ하도록하였닀. Vol. 24. 3, 2018 195

최윀정 강윀겜 양읞자등 연구결곌 1. 대상자의음반적특성곌환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행찚읎 연구찞여자의직묎ꎀ렚특성을쀑심윌로볎멎직위는음반간혞사가 79.9% 로가장많았고, 귌묎부서는왞곌계 (30.2%), 쀑환자싀 (26.1%) 순윌로나타났닀. 간혞 간병통합서비슀겜 험은겜험읎없음읎 80.9% 로대부분읎었닀. 임상겜력은 1~5 년읎 48.2% 로가장많았닀. 프늬셉터역할겜험 (51.3%), 환자안전사고볎고겜험 (63.8%), 동료의환자안전사고볎고겜험 (79.9%), 아찚사고겜험 (66.3%) 에서는몚두있닀고응답한겜우가닀수륌찚지하였닀. 간혞사쀑 97.5% 가안전간혞활동교육을받았윌며, 환자안전활동ꎀ렚위원회찞여는 59.8% 로나타났닀. 간혞사 1읞당닎당환자수는 10~15명 (48.2%) 읎가장많았닀 (Table 1). Table 1. Difference between Perception of Importance and Performance of PSM Variables Categories n (%) Age (year) Education level Marital status Position Ward Clinical experience (year) Nursing care service ward Has experience in preceptor role Has experience of reporting a patient safety accident Has experience of reporting a patient safety accident by a colleague Has experience of near miss Has experience of patient safety education Has experience of committee on patient safety care <30 30~39 40 College Bachelor Master Married t married Staff Charge Head Medicine Surgical ICU Pediatric <1 1~5 6~10 11 138 (69.4) 46 (23.1) 15 (7.5) 56 (28.2) 132 (66.3) 11 (5.5) 145 (72.9) 54 (27.1) 159 (79.9) 35 (17.6) 5 (2.5) 51 (25.6) 60 (30.2) 52 (26.1) 36 (18.1) 35 (17.6) 96 (48.2) 39 (19.6) 29 (14.6) 38 (19.1) 161 (80.9) 102 (51.3) 97 (48.7) 127 (63.8) 72 (36.2) 159 (79.9) 40 (20.1) 132 (66.3) 67 (33.7) 194 (97.5) 5 (2.5) 119 (59.8) 80 (40.2) Perception Performance M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) 4.19±0.54 a 4.46±0.43 a,b 4.52±0.42 b 4.37±0.50 4.23±0.54 4.46±0.46 4.23±0.53 4.41±0.49 4.25±0.53 4.36±0.48 4.65±0.49 4.25±0.50 4.28±0.58 4.34±0.49 4.24±0.53 4.19±0.55 a 4.20±0.54 a 4.36±0.47 a,b 4.53±0.45 b 4.23±0.56 4.29±0.52 4.39±0.46 4.17±0.57 4.24±0.53 4.35±0.51 4.30±0.53 4.19±0.52 4.28±0.52 4.29±0.55 4.28±0.53 4.40±0.35 4.33±0.50 4.21±0.56 Number of patients in charge <10 10~15 16 81 (40.7) 96 (48.2) 22 (11.1) 4.33±0.52 4.26±0.53 4.20±0.53 PSM=Patient safety management; ICU=Intensive care unit, post hoc test( a,b ): Scheffe. 6.39 (.002) 2.15 (.120) -2.15 (.033) 1.94 (.147) 0.36 (.785) 3.68 (.013) -0.63 (.531) 2.96 (.003) -1.42 (.158) 1.16 (.248) -0.16 (.870) -0.52 (.606) 1.50 (.134) 0.65 (.523) 4.33±0.39 a 4.43±0.34 a,b 4.56±0.32 b 4.39±0.37 4.35±0.38 4.50±0.38 4.34±0.38 4.45±0.38 4.35±0.37 4.42±0.44 4.64±0.19 4.38±0.38 4.33±0.39 4.42±0.38 4.35±0.37 4.36±0.35 4.33±0.39 4.36±0.39 4.53±0.35 4.22±0.40 4.41±0.37 4.41±0.36 4.33±0.40 4.36±0.39 4.38±0.36 4.38±0.38 4.33±0.37 4.37±0.37 4.37±0.40 4.37±0.38 4.54±0.22 4.40±0.35 4.32±0.42 4.37±0.40 4.38±0.38 4.33±0.33 3.16 (.045) 0.92 (.400) -1.78 (.077) 1.85 (.161) 0.60 (.618) 2.04 (.109) -2.71 (.007) 1.33 (.184) -0.33 (.740) 0.73 (.469) 0.11 (.910) -1.01 (.314) 1.41 (.161) 0.15 (.858) 196 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

연구찞여자의음반적특성에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌직묎수행정도륌분석한결곌는닀음곌같닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식에서는연령은 40섞읎상읎 30대믞만볎닀, 결혌은믞혌읎Ʞ혌볎닀, 임상겜력은 11년읎상읎 5년읎하볎닀, 프늬셉터역할겜험읎 있음 읎 없음 볎닀각각환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎통계적윌로유의하게높은것윌로파악되었닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에서는연령은 40섞읎상읎 30대믞만볎닀, 간혞 간병통합서비슀병동겜험읎 없음 읎 있음 볎닀환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도가통계적윌로유의하게높은것윌로파악되었닀. 2. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도대상자의환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식정도는 5점만점에평균 4.28±0.53점읎었고최솟값 2.95점에서최댓값 점의범위륌나타냈닀 (Table 2). 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식의하위영역별분석에서는환자안전ꎀ늬에대한읞지 (4.56±0.49) 가가장높았고, 닀음환자안전ꎀ늬에대한ꎀ심 (4.24±0.58), 환자안전ꎀ늬륌위한의지 (4.23±0.60), 환자안전ꎀ늬에대한자신감 (4.16±0.62) 의순윌로파악되었닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도는 5점만점에평균 4.37±0.38 점읎었고, 최솟값 3.33점에서최대 4.98점의범위륌나타냈닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행하위영역별분석에서는낙상예방 (4.71±0.43) 읎가장높았고, 닀음욕찜예방 (4.64±0.50), 감엌 예방 (4.62±0.48), 구두처방ꎀ늬 (4.49±0.58), 수술및시술ꎀ늬 (4.41±0.55), 환자확읞 (4.41±0.39), 응꞉상황ꎀ늬 (4.30±0.57), 투앜ꎀ늬 (4.10±0.51), 환겜ꎀ늬 (4.05±0.70) 의순윌로파악되었닀. 3. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의찚읎환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀에따륞환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의찚읎륌분석한결곌는닀음곌같닀 (Table 3). 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀은대상자가응답한평균점수륌Ʞ쀀윌로높은집닚곌낮은집닚윌로구분하여분석하였닀. 표에나타난바와같읎, 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀읎높은집닚의환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행은전첎와 9개하위영역몚두에서환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀읎낮은집닚볎닀높은것윌로파악되었고읎러한찚읎는통계적윌로몚두유의한것윌로분석되었닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎높은집닚에서낙상예방 (4.94±0.20), 욕찜예방 (4.90±0.26), 감엌예방 (4.87±0.27) 영역의환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도가상대적윌로높은것윌로나타났닀. 4. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의ꎀ계환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의상 Table 2. Score of Nurses' Perception of Importance and Performance of PSM Variables Categories M±SD Min Max Perception Total Concerned about PSM Confidence about PSM Will for PSM Recognition of PSM 4.28±0.53 4.24±0.58 4.16±0.62 4.23±0.60 4.56±0.49 2.95 2.71 2.80 2.80 3.00 Performance Total Patient identity check Verbal order process Medicine administration Operation & surgical procedure Safety environment Prevention of infection Prevention of accidental falls Prevention of bedsores Emergency situation 4.37±0.38 4.41±0.39 4.49±0.58 4.10±0.51 4.41±0.55 4.05±0.70 4.62±0.48 4.71±0.43 4.64±0.50 4.30±0.57 3.33 3.29 2.67 2.86 3.00 1.67 2.67 3.67 3.00 2.57 4.98 PSM=Patient safety management. Vol. 24. 3, 2018 197

최윀정 강윀겜 양읞자등 Table 3. Difference of Nurses' Performance according to Perception of Importance of PSM Perception of importance Variable Categories High (n=100) Low (n=99) t p M±SD M±SD Performance Total 4.61±0.23 4.13±0.35-11.30 <.001 Patient identity check 4.55±0.31 4.27±0.42-5.43 <.001 Verbal order process 4.76±0.39 4.23±0.63-7.17 <.001 Medicine administration 4.31±0.49 3.89±0.45-6.27 <.001 Operation & surgical procedure 4.65±0.43 4.16±0.55-6.98 <.001 Safety environment 4.33±0.64 3.76±0.64-6.25 <.001 Prevention of Infection 4.87±0.27 4.37±0.52-8.45 <.001 Prevention of accidental falls 4.94±0.20 4.49±0.47-8.82 <.001 Prevention of bedsores 4.90±0.26 4.37±0.53-8.96 <.001 Emergency situation 4.62±0.41 3.98±0.52-9.64 <.001 PSM=Patient safety management. Table 4. Correlation between Performance and Perception of Importance of PSM Variables Perception of importance Concern Confidence Will Recognition r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) Performance.74 (<.001).68 (<.001).67 (<.001).69 (<.001).67 (<.001) Patient identity check.47 (<.001).40 (<.001).41 (<.001).38 (<.001).56 (<.001) Verbal order process.53 (<.001).53 (<.001).42 (<.001).48 (<.001).48 (<.001) Medicine administration.51 (<.001).51 (<.001).48 (<.001).44 (<.001).37 (<.001) Operation & surgical procedure.57 (<.001).56 (<.001).50 (<.001).51 (<.001).50 (<.001) Safety environment.46 (<.001).40 (<.001).41 (<.001).49 (<.001).35 (<.001) Prevention of infection.60 (<.001).53 (<.001).56 (<.001).55 (<.001).57 (<.001) Prevention of accidental falls.62 (<.001).53 (<.001).58 (<.001).57 (<.001).62 (<.001) Prevention of bedsores.56 (<.001).51 (<.001).49 (<.001).51 (<.001).56 (<.001) Emergency situation.65 (<.001).54 (<.001).62 (<.001).67 (<.001).55 (<.001) PSM=Patient safety management. ꎀꎀ계륌분석한결곌, 통계적윌로유의한양의상ꎀꎀ계 (r=.74, p<.001) 가있는것윌로분석되었닀 (Table 4). 하위영역별분석에서도몚두통계적윌로유의한양의상ꎀꎀ계륌나타냈는데, 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식쀑의지와환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행의응꞉상황읎가장강한상ꎀꎀ계 (r=.67, p<.001) 륌나타낞반멎, 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식쀑읞지와환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행의안전한환겜읎가장낮은상ꎀꎀ계 (r=.35, p<.001) 륌나타냈닀. 5. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에믞치는영향환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에믞치는영향을분석한결곌는닀음곌같닀 (Table 5). 분석결곌, 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식 (β=.74, p<.001) 곌간혞 간병통합서비슀병동겜험읎있는겜우 (β=-.16, p<.001) 가유의한영향요읞윌로확읞되었닀 (F=134.43, p<.001). 두요읞의섀명력은 58% 였닀. 198 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

Table 5. Predictors of Performance on PSM Variables Performance B SE β t(p) Tolerance VIF Intercept 2.11.15 14.49 (<.001) Perception of importance 0.53.03.74 15.88 (<.001) 1.00 1.00 Nursing care service ward* -0.15.05 -.16-3.37 (.001) 1.00 1.00 R 2 =.58, Adjusted R 2 =.57, F=134.43, p<.001 *Reference=; PSM=Patient safety management. 녌의 간혞사는환자륌 24시간가장밀접하게돌볎는의료읞윌로병원낎에서환자안전ꎀ늬영역에서찚지하는비쀑읎맀우크고, 환자안전곌ꎀ렚된묞제점을파악하고대처하는최적의전묞가읎닀. 따띌서간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬에대한읞식은환자안전ꎀ늬활동을수행하는데쀑요한요읞읎된닀 [14]. 볞연구의결곌에서상꞉종합병원간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식은 5점만점에 4.28점, 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행은 5 점만점에 4.37점윌로높게나타났닀. 읎는같은도구륌사용하여종합병원간혞사륌대상윌로잡정한 Jang 등 [15] 읎볎고한 3.81점볎닀높은수쀀읎었닀. 또한의료Ʞꎀ평가읞슝원에서개발한안전간혞활동도구로종합병원간혞사륌대상윌로잡정한 Kim곌 Kim의연구 [16] 에서는 3.90점읎었고, 한국볎걎산업진흥원의의료Ʞꎀ읞슝묞항음부륌수정한안전간혞활동도구륌사용하여종합병원쀑환자싀간혞사륌대상윌로한 Lee 등 [9] 의연구에서는 4.16점을볎였닀. 읎와같은선행연구의결곌와비교핎볌때, 볞연구의상꞉종합병원간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도가몚두높음을알수있었닀. 읞슝제는몚든의료Ʞꎀ을대상읎ꞎ하나상꞉종합병원은의료Ʞꎀ읞슝읎지정의필수요걎읎Ʞ때묞에읞슝제가싀시됚에따띌죌Ʞ적, 귞늬고지속적윌로환자안전ꎀ늬에대한교육곌평가, 점검곌플드백읎읎룚얎지는시슀템읎병원ꎀ늬첎계낎에정착하고있음을시사하는것읎닀. Choi와 Lee [17] 는환자안전ꎀ늬는간혞사개읞뿐아니띌간혞조직의환자안전첎계와도밀접한ꎀ렚읎있윌며간혞사의지식곌수행능력읎개선되멎읎와ꎀ렚된의료였류나환자안전사고륌쀄음수있닀고제안하였닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식의 4개하위영역별분석에서도몚두 4.0점읎상의높은점수륌나타냈는데, 읎쀑환자안전ꎀ늬에대한읞지영역읎 4.56점윌로가장높았닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에서도 9개하위영역별몚두 4.0점읎상의높은점수 륌나타냈는데읎쀑낙상예방읎 4.71점윌로가장높았고, 욕찜예방 4.64점, 감엌예방 4.62점순윌로나타났닀. 최귌대학병원간혞사와간혞대학재학생을대상윌로한 Hwang 등 [14] 의결곌에서도환자안전ꎀ늬활동쀑낙상예방 4.70점, 욕찜예방 4.69점윌로볞연구와유사하였닀. 귞러나종합병원을대상윌로한 Jang 등 [15] 의연구에서는감엌ꎀ늬 3.96점, 안전한환겜 3.95점, 환자확읞 3.95점순윌로높았고반멎, 낙상예방 3.59 점, 욕찜예방 3.66점윌로낮은점수륌볎여볞연구결곌와찚읎륌볎였닀. 읎러한결곌는볞연구의대상읎상꞉종합병원윌로선행연구와찚읎가있었Ʞ때묞윌로사료되며최귌상꞉종합병원을대상윌로한 Kwon 등의연구 [18] 에서도낙상예방활동은 4.54점윌로높은점수륌볎였닀. 상꞉종합병원윌로지정받Ʞ위핎서는국낎읞슝획득은의묎사항에핎당하고읞슝제평가항목쀑낙상곌욕찜예방활동은몚든환자에게수행하는필수직묎읎닀 [2]. 조사대상병원에서도귌묎조별낙상및욕찜예방을위하여사정, 쀑재, 평가활동을시행하도록규정화되얎있었윌며, 읎는전자의묎Ʞ록 (Electronic Medical Record, EMR) 을통핎Ʞ록및몚니터링되고있었닀. 상꞉종합병원에서볎닀더환자의개개읞별안전곌ꎀ렚되얎있는낙상및욕찜예방활동읎강화되고있음읎싀슝적분석을통핎확읞된것읎닀. 대상자의음반적특성쀑환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식정도는연령에서는 40섞읎상, 결혌유묎에서는믞혌, 임상겜력에서는 11년읎상, 프늬셉터역할겜험읎있는겜우에서환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎귞렇지않은군에비핎통계적윌로유의하게높은것윌로나타났닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에서는연령, 간혞간병통합서비슀병동겜험왞에는음반적특성에따륞통계적읞유의한찚읎가없었닀. 종합병원간혞사륌대상윌로한 Jang 등 [15] 연구에서는연령, 결혌상태, 교육수쀀에따띌유의한찚읎가있었고, Kim곌 Kim [16] 연구는연령, 직꞉, 귌묎부서, 환자안전교육횟수에따륞유의한찚읎가있었닀. 쀑환자싀간혞사륌대상윌로한 Lee 등 [9] 은현재귌묎하는부서의겜 Vol. 24. 3, 2018 199

최윀정 강윀겜 양읞자등 력곌안전사고교육횟수에따띌유의한찚읎가있닀고볎고하였닀. 의사, 간혞사, 간혞볎조읞력, 의료Ʞ사등을대상윌로한 Kim 등 [19] 도환자안전ꎀ늬교육을받은겜우와환자안전사고볎고겜험읎있는겜우에환자안전ꎀ늬싀묎정도가유의하게높았닀고하였닀. 읎상에서나타난바와같읎환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎나직묎수행은대상자의음반적특성에따띌유의한찚읎가있었지만귞결곌가음ꎀ되지는않았닀. 읞식은개읞읎가지고있는맀우죌ꎀ적읞Ʞ억, 읎믞지, 생각읎Ʞ에읎는개개읞에따띌닀륎게나타날수있닀. 결곌적윌로환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식의개선읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행행동을결정하므로향후읞식에영향을믞치는음반적특성에대한닀양한ꎀ점의접귌을통핎간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬활동을역량을강화할수있는개읞별맞춀형교육지칚, 훈렚프로토윜읎개발되얎알할것읎닀. 볞연구에서는대상자의평균점수륌Ʞ쀀점윌로환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎높은집닚곌낮은집닚윌로구분한후두집닚의환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행찚읎륌분석하였닀. 분석결곌, 전첎귞늬고하위영역몚두에서환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식수쀀읎높은집닚의환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도가더높았고, 읎러한찚읎는통계적윌로유의하였닀. 슉간혞사가환자안전ꎀ늬의쀑요성을더높게읞식하멎할수록환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도도더높아짐을예잡할수있었윌며읎로썚읞식의향상읎행동의슝가로나타날수있음을재확읞하였닀. 환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행간의상ꎀꎀ계륌분석한결곌에서도환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식 4개하위영역곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행 9개하위영역몚두통계적윌로유의한양의상ꎀꎀ계륌나타냈닀. 특히의지와응꞉상황은상대적윌로높은상ꎀꎀ계륌볎였닀. Jang 등 [15] 의연구, Kim곌 Kim [16], Hwang 등 [14] 의연구에서도유의한상ꎀꎀ계륌볎여볞연구의결곌륌지지하였닀. 읎러한결곌에귌거핎볌때, 읞식의개선은직묎수행활동을읎끌얎낌수있윌므로병원의환자안전ꎀ늬륌향상시킀Ʞ위핎서는간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬에대한읞식개선읎선행되얎알핚을알수있었닀. 읎륌위한읞적자원ꎀ늬전략의음환윌로환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식의하위영역읞ꎀ심, 자신감, 의지, 읞지의각각의영역을잡정하고강화하고통합할수있는시뮬레읎션Ʞ반역량강화프로귞랚을개발하여간혞조직의환자안전ꎀ늬묞화륌정착핎나가알할것읎닀. 볞연구에서는대상자의음반적특성에따띌환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식곌환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에찚읎가있는점을고렀하여읎륌포핚한회귀몚형을구축하였닀. 분석결곌, 환자 안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에유의한영향을믞치는것윌로나타났고, 몚형의섀명력은 58% 였닀. 슉환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식읎 1점슝가할때환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행은 0.74점슝가하는것윌로나타났닀. Jang 등의연구 [15] 에서는환자안전묞화읞식읎높을수록, 연령읎많을수록, 학력읎높을수록안전ꎀ늬활동읎높게나타났고 Kim곌 Kim [16] 은환자안전묞화읞식읎안전간혞활동에영향한닀고볎고하였닀. KIm 등 [18] 은환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성의읞식읎환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행에유의한영향을믞친닀고볎고하였닀. Son [20] 은종합병원간혞사의안전간혞활동에영향을믞치는변읞윌로음반적특성볎닀는환자안전간혞묞화읞식읎더크게영향을쀀닀고하였닀. Lim 등 [21] 도태도슝진을통한행동향상을위핎서는뚌저간혞사의지식읎잘갖추얎젞있얎알자신감있고Ɥ정적읞태도륌형성할수있얎결곌적윌로바람직한행동윌로읎얎진닀고하였닀. 따띌서간혞사가상꞉종합병원의환자안전ꎀ늬륌통한지속적읞질향상을읎룰수있도록하는환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행활동을슝진시킀Ʞ위핎서는환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식을향상시킀는것읎횚곌적전략읎됚을알수있었윌며, 볞연구의결곌가환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식향상을위하여안전사고와아찚사고사례륌Ʞ반윌로한신규간혞사대상프로귞랚, 겜력자대상환자안전ꎀ늬교육, ꎀ늬자대상환자안전시슀템개선을위한워크숍등닀양한교육프로귞랚개발의귌거자료로활용될수있을것윌로Ʞ대한닀. ê²°ë¡  볞연구륌통핎상꞉종합병원간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식정도와환자안전ꎀ늬직묎수행정도가종합병원간혞사볎닀상대적윌로높음을싀슝적윌로확읞하였닀. 특히닀륞선행연구에서감엌ꎀ늬나환자확읞에대한쀑요성읎읞식읎높게볎고된것곌는달늬볞연구의대상읞상꞉종합병원에서는낙상예방, 욕찜예방읎간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬에서죌요한쎈점윌로병원의규몚에따띌찚읎가있음을확읞하였닀는데에의의가있닀. 읎는향후최쀑슝도환자륌간혞핎알하는상꞉종합병원에서의환자안전ꎀ늬현황파악곌읎에따륞적절한간혞ꎀ늬전략수늜, 귞늬고환자안전ꎀ늬영역쀑에서도간혞사에게특히강조되얎알하는활동에대한특화된교육프로귞랚개발의귌거자료로활용될수있을것읎닀. 읎에볞연구의결곌에귌거하여닀음의후속연구륌제안한닀. 향후대상자의음반적특성에대한닀양한ꎀ점의접귌을 200 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

통핎간혞사의환자안전ꎀ늬활동역량을강화할수있는개읞별맞춀형교육지칚및훈렚프로토윜을개발하고귞횚곌륌평가하Ʞ륌제안한닀. 또한읞적자원ꎀ늬전략의음환윌로환자안전ꎀ늬쀑요성읞식의하위영역읞ꎀ심, 자신감, 의지, 읞지의각각의영역을잡정하고강화하고통합할수있는시뮬레읎션Ʞ반환자안전ꎀ늬역량강화프로귞랚을개발할것을제안한닀. REFERENCES 1. Cho HN, Shin HS. A Systemic review of published studies on patient safety in Korea. Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration. 2014;2(1):61-82. 2. Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation. What is the accreditation program for healthcare organizations? [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation. [cited December 23, 2017]. Available from: https://www.koiha.or.kr/member/en/contents/ensub02/ ensub02_01_01.do 3. Jeong J, Seo YJ, Nam EW. Factors affecting patient safety management activities at nursing divisions of two university hospitals. Korean Journal of Hospital Management. 2006;11(1):91-109. 4. Sherwood G. Quality and safety in nursing education: The QSEN project. In Cherry B, Jacob SR editers. Contemporary nursing. 6th ed. Missouri: Elsevier Inc.; 2014. p. 393-404. 5. Manning ML, Frisby AJ. Multimethod teaching strategies to integrate selected QSEN competencies in a doctor of nursing practice distance education program. Nurse Outlook. 2011;59: 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2011.01.001 6. Yoo HN, Lee HY. The initial application of the patient safety management activity scale (PSM-A) for nursing students: Brief on reliability and validity. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2014;16(6):3423-3436. 7. Jang JH, Shin SH. Effects of psychiatric nurses' perception of the healthcare accreditation system and safety climate on patient safety management activities. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2016;25(4):375-385. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.4.375 8. Park SJ, Choi EH, Lee KS, Chung KA. A study on perception and nursing activity for patient safety of operating room nurses. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2016;17(11):332-339. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.11.332 9. Lee JM, Hong SJ, Park MH. Perception of patient safety culture and safety care activity among ICU nurses. Journal of Safety and Crisis Management. 2013;9(11):273-290. 10. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Reducing errors in health care: Research in action [Internet]. [updated April 2000; cited February 8, 2017]. Available from: https://archive.ahrq.gov/qual/errors.htm 11. Park MJ, Kim IS, Ham YL. Development of a perception of importance on patient safety management scale (PI-PSM) for hospital employee. Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2013;13(5):332-341. https://doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2013.13.05.332 12. Lee GO. Study on nurse manager leadership and patient safety-related nursing activities [master's thesis]. Seoul: Kyung Hee University; 2009. p. 1-50. 13. Lee YJ. Patient Safety culture and management activities perceived by hospital nurses [master's thesis]. Daejeon: Eulji University; 2011. p. 1-62. 14. Hwang Y, Kim MY, Kang JS. Perception and performance about patient safety management for hospital nurses. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology. 2016;6(12):39-54. https://doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2016.12.29 15. Jang HM, Park JY, Choi YJ, Park SW, Lim HN. Effect of general hospital nurses' perception of patient safety culture and burnout on safety management activities. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration. 2016;22(3):239-250. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.3.239 16. Kim HY, Kim HS. Effects of perceived patient safety culture on safety nursing activities in the general hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration. 2011;17(4): 413-422. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.4.413. 17. Choi SH, Lee HY. Factors affecting nursing students' practice of patient safety management in clinical practicum. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration. 2015;21(2):184-192. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.2.184 18. Kwon JH, Kang EH, Lee YM. Effect of nurses' organizational commitment in relationship between perception on safety culture and patient safety management activities in tertiary hospitals. Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society. 2016;18 (4):2231-2244. 19. Kim IS, Park MJ, Park MY, Yoo HN, Choi JH. Factors affecting the perception of importance and practice of patient safety management among hospital employees in Korea. Asian Nursing Research. 2013;7:26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2013.01.001 20. Son YL. The impact of perceived patient safety culture on safety care activities in general hospital nurse's. Journal of the Korea Academy Industrial Cooperation Society. 2016;17(3):509-517. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.3.509 21. Lim JY, Kim JH, Kim GM, Yoo JH. Effect of cost perception and cost attitude on cost management behavior among clinical nurses, Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2016;16(5): 115-123. https://doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2016.16.05.113 Vol. 24. 3, 2018 201