: AIDS :. 1967,. John s H opkin s Univ er sity.,,. :... HIV.,, HIV AIDS. 1981 1 ) Kaposisarcoma Pn eum ocy stis carninii pneum onia, HIV (CDC, 1981 ; W HO, 1993). 2 ),.. HIV, A IDS,,, 3 (Connor, 1989 ; W H O, 1988).,.
1986 5 HIV HIV, 1987 2 1 (Global Programm e on AIDS, GPA ). 1988 (W H O, 1992). 1992 HIV, HIV, HIV,,. 1993 6 9 166 14,000 A IDS,,,,. 800 A IDS HIV.. HIV. HIV,. HIV, HIV.(Aik en, Lake, Semaan, Lihman, & O 'H are, 1993 ; Fitzhu gh, & Shubin, 1988)..,,,.(Benn et, Michie, & Kippax, 1991 ; F au gier, 1990 ; Sim, 1992).,...,,.,,.
1. 1993 6 184 718,894 AIDS, A IDS 250. HIV 1,400, 100. 1,300 1,400 HIV 2000 3500 4000. 2000 30 50% (, 1993 ;, 1993 ; Chin, 1990 ; W HO, 1993)., 51.6% (37 ), 34.4% (25 ), 12.9% (92,000 ), 0.6% (4,100 ), 0.5% (3,500 ). 1993 6 30 1990 12 31, 92%, 200%, 120%, 63%, 300%. (500% ), (450% ), (250% ), (230% ), (200% ), (2,000% ), (500% ), (100% ). 1990 50% 87%.,,,,. A IDS 86%, 3. 2. 36 3,561 0.5%. HIV. 2000 (W H O, 1991 ; W HO, 1992). 1990 AIDS 69 1993 6 30, 1,569, 1987 HIV 200 1990 50,000 1992 450,000 (, 1993 ;, 1993).,,,,. HIV 82%, 73%, 87% (, 1993 ; Des Jarlais, Friedman, Ch oopany a, V anich semi, & W and, 1992).. 1987 1 60,000, 1% 1988 8 30%. HIV 4 50%, 1981 1991 AIDS,
. HIV (Chan g, et al., 1992 ; Des Jarlais, et al., 1992). HIV. (Chian g M ai) 44% HIV, 30% (Sittitrai, 1991). HIV 50% HIV 1 : 1. 3. 1985 12 HIV 1988 36, 1990 127, 1992 245, 1993 8 289. 289 16, 35 1 253 (, 1993 ;, 1993). 1992 3 196 1993 8 289 47% (, 1993 ;, 1992). 1992 11 Chin 10. 1985. HIV 1987 200 1990 50,000, 1992 450,000 3 250, 3 10 AIDS 20.,,,. 20 40 77% (222 ), 8% (31 ).,, 289 70%, 19% (55 )., 1987 1993, 80% 90%. HIV.. AIDS 44.5%, (,,, 1993).,. 4.
HIV,,. HIV,,,,,,,,,,,, HIV HIV. HIV.,. HIV HIV, HIV (W H O, 1988). 1,,,, 1970 1980. 70%, 10%, 5%. 1990 AIDS 20% N ew York 1981 1990 37,436. 83% 19 15% 19, 2% 13,. 1982 1991 3,160 97% 91%. 5 14% 36%. 1 1970 1985, 1985.. 1%, 50%. 85 : 15 (, 1993 ; W HO. 1993). 2,, 1. 80% HIV., (1% ) (5% ). 800, 150 HIV. 150 3. HIV/ AIDS 1985 (Cotr d 'Iv oire) (Abidjan ) HIV 1. (Ug anda ) 50% 80% HIV (, 1993). 52. 1 20%. 27 88%,,. 1%, 1 : 1
, 20 39. 3,,,, 1980.. 5. HIV 4 3. HIV HIV,. HIV.. HIV, HIV. HIV. 11 5 1993 100 HIV. 1995. 2000 1,300 HIV 30% (400 )., (W H O, 1993). 25 77% (Bw ay o, 1990 ; CDC, 1990 : Sittiral, 1991), HIV 36% (Chu, 1992), 75% HIV (T arrow, 1989) 70 83% 63% 82% 44% 28% (Doll, 1992 ; Runkel, 1992). HIV Bulgari 67.8% Africa 62.5% (Bw ay o, 1991 ; H elm an, 1990) HIV...... HIV.,, 3
. 1. HIV 30% (M arcu s, Culv er, Bell, Sriv astav a, M en delson, Et al., 1993). AIDS (Rosenblum, Bu ehler, M org an, & M oien, 1992). HIV AIDS AIDS HIV/ AIDS. HIV. 2. (Kacir, 1992 ; Robbin, Cupper, & Bender, 1992).. 1) HIV. - HIV.,, HIV (Raffin, Gillies, H ou gh, & Biordi, 1993). -.,.. (Benn et, Michie, & Kippax, 1991 ; F augier & W right, 1990).. 2).
(, 1991 ;, 1993 ; Kacir, 1992). 3.. HIV, HIV,.. 1),,.. (H errick & Smith, 1989 ; Kisse, 1993).. 2). 2 7.. (Herrick &Smith, 1989 ; Kisse, 1993).,... 1... 1). HIV/ AIDS
.,,..,,..,, (M elby, Boor, & Murray, 1992 ; Quirk, Godkin, & Schw en zfeier, 1993). 50%, (M elby, Boore, & Murray, 1992 ; Sum ser, Gerb ert, M au guire, & T add, 1990)... 2).,,,. 2.,,. HIV, HIV, AIDS. 1),,,,,. HIV,,,,,,, HIV.,,, HIV.,,,.
.,,,,, HIV (Viadro & E arp, 1991).. 2) HIV. HIV HIV. HIV (Conn or, 1989). HIV.. HIV.., (Aranda - Naranjo. 1993). HIV. HIV HIV AIDS. HIV HIV AIDS.,. 3. HIV 80%...l 1)
,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,.,,,. 2) HIV/ AIDS. HIV/ AIDS 1, 2, 3.... HIV..,, HIV AIDS. : 1... 2. HIV HIV AIDS. 1. (1993). HIV/ AIDS,, 4 (9) 2. (1989). HIV/ AIDS.. 3. (1993).,.
4.,, (1993).. / 5. (1993).,,.. 6. (1993)..,. 7. Aiken, L. H., Lake E. T., Sem aan, Lehm an, H. P., O 'H are, P.A., Cole, C.S., Dunbar, D., & Frank, I.(1993). Nurse pratition er manag ed care for per son s w ith HIV infection. Im age, 25 (3), 172-177. 8. Ar an da - Nar anjo, B.(1993). T h e effect of HIV on th e family, implication s for care. AIDS Patient s Care, F eb., 27-29. 9. Bennett, L., Michie, P., & Kippox, S.(1991). Quantitativ e an aly sis of burnout an d it s association factor s in AIDS nur sing. AIDS Care, 3 (2), 181-192. 10. Bw ay o, J.J., Mutere, A.N., Omari, M.A., Jalov, W., Sekkade, K., & Plumber, F.A.(1990). Long distan ce tru ck driv ers know ledg e an d attitudes con cerning sex u ally tran smitted disease an d sex ual beh avior. East Africa M edicine Journ al, 68 (9), 714-719. 11. Ch ang P.Y., Lin, K.C., Chu an g, C.Y., W ang, C.R., Chen, M.Y., H sieh, W.C., et al. (1992). Statu s an d tren d of HIV infection an d AIDS in T aiw an, December, 1991. A sian P acific Journ al of Allergy & Imm unology, 10(1), 65-68. 12. Chu, S.Y., Peterm an, T.A., Doll, L.S., Bu ehler, J.W., & Curran, J.W.(1992). AIDS in bisex ual m an in the U.S., epidemiology an d tran smis sion to w omen. A merican Journal of Public Health, 82(2), 284-287. 13. Connor, Su san Sch olle (1989). AIDS : Social, legal, and ethical is sues of the "T hird Epidemic". PAH O Bulletin, 23 (1-2). 14. Des Jorlais, D.C., F riedm an, S.R., Choopamy a, K., v anich seni, S., & W ard, T.P.(1992). Intern ation al epidemiology of HIV an d A IDS am on g injection dru g u ser s. AIDS, 6 (10), 1053-1058. 15. Doll, L.S., Peter sen, L.R., W hite C.R., et al.(1992). H om osex ually and nonh om osex ually identified m en w h o h av e sex w ith m en : A beh avioral comparison. T h e Journ al of Sex Research, 29 (1), 1-14. 16. F augier, J., & W right s, S.(1990). H om ophobia, stigm a and AIDS - An issu es for all health care w ork er s. Nur sin g Practice, 3 (2), 27-28. 17. Fitzhu gh, Z.A., & Shubin, S.(1988). Carin g for A IDS patients : T h e stres s w ill be on y ou. Nur sin g 88, 19 (10), 43-47. 18. Helm an, N.S., N subu ga, P., Mbidde, E.K., & H ellm an s, D.(1990). Specific heterosex ual risk b ehavior s an d HIV seropositivity in U gan da ST D clinic. Int ernation al Conference of AIDS, 6 (1), 20-23, 26. 19. Herrick, C.A., & Smith, J.E.(1989). Ethical dilem a and AIDS : Nur sing issues regarding rights and oblig ation s. Nur sing F orum, 24 (3-4), 35-46. 20. Kacir, K.S.(1992). Attitu des of certified registered nur se anesth etist s tow ard AIDS an d AIDS patients. AANA Journal, 60(2), 169-173.
21. Kis se, T.(1993). HIV/ AIDS an d nur sing : An ethical debate, Contemporary Nur sing, 2(1), 29-34. 22. M arcu s, R., Culv er, D.H., Bell, D.M., Sriv astav a, P.U., M endelson., Zalen ski, R.J., F arber, B., F ling er, D., H assett, et al. (1993). Risk of hum an immunodeficiency viru s infection am ong em ergency departm ent w orker s. Am erican Journal of M edicine, 94 (4), 363-370. 23. M elby, V., Boore, J.R.P., & Murray, M.(1992). A cquired immunodeficiency syndrom e ; Know ledg e and attitu des of nur ses in N orthern Ir eland. Journal of dv an ced Nur sing, 17, 1068-1077. 24. Quirk, M.E., Gdokin, M.A., & Schw en zfeier, E.(1993). Ev aluation of tw o AIDS prev ention interv ention s for inner - city adolescent and y oung adult w om en, Am erican Journ al of Prev entiv e M edicine, 9 (1), 21-26. 25. Raffin, R.A., Gillier s, D.A., Hough, E.E., & Biordi, D.L.(1993). M an agin g HIV - Positiv e an d AIDS risk s : Edu cational and psy chosocial resource a sses sm ent. Nur sing M an agem ent, 24 (2), 48-53. 26. Robbin s, I., Cooper, A., & Ben der, M.P.(1992), T he relation ship betw een kn ow ledg e, attitudes an d degr ee of cont act w ith AIDS an d HIV. Journ al of A dv anced Nur sing, 17, 198-203. 27. Rosenblum, L.S., Bu ehler, J.W., M organ, M., & M oien, M.(1992) Increasin g impact of HIV infection on hospitalization in the United St ates, 1983-1988. Journal of S ex Education and T herapy, 18 (2), 77-92. 28. Sim, J.(1992). Nur sing and occupational risk : An ethical analy sis. Journal of A dv an ced Nur sing, 17, 569-575. 29. Sittitrai, Siraprapa siri, T., T hanprasertsuk, S., Rodktay, A., Sriv anichakorn, S., Saw anpany alert, P., & T emtanrak, J.(1991). Risk factor s for HIV am ong prostitutes in Chiangm ai, T h ailand. AIDS, 5 (5), 579-582. 30. Sum ser, J., Gerbert, B., M aguire, B.T., & T add, M.(1990). Are nur se practition er s prepared for the AIDS epidemic? Nurse Practitioner, 5 (4), 48-50. 31. T arrow, P.A.(1989). An AIDS cure too costly for Africa. Internation al H erald T ribun e. Jun e, 1-11. 32. Viadro, C.I., & Earp. J.A.(1991). AIDS edu cation an d incarcerated w om en : An eglected opportunity. W om en and H ealth, 17 (2), 105-117. 33. W H O (1988). Guidelines for nur sin g m an ag em ent of people infected w ith hum an immunodeficien cy viru s (HIV ). W HO A IDS Series 3, Gen ev a : W H O 34. W H O (1990). Prev ention of sex ual tran smission of hum an immun odeficency viru s. W H O AIDS Series, Genev a : W H O 35. W H O (1990). HIV infection and AIDS guidelin es for nur sing care, W HO Region al office for the W estern Pacific, 1-24. 36. W H O (1992). T he global A IDS strategy, W HO A IDS Series, Gen ev a : W HO 37. W HO (1993). Global programm e on A IDS, the HIV/ AIDS pan demic 1993 aerview, Gen ev a : W H O
: T h e T rend of HIV / A ID S and th e N urs e 's Role in A ID S Care Soon Bok Chan g RN, BS, CNM, Ph.D Since the frist case of AIDS w as foun d am ong m ale h om osex uals, the AIDS relat ed problem h as been in th e m ale h om osex ual population, but the AIDS tren d is ch angin g from hom osexu als to h eterosex u als, w ith the m ajority of ca ses in th e gen eral population. Ev en though currently the reported HIV/ A IDS cases in Korea are only 324 in Korea, th e number of people infected w ith HIV/ AIDS is projected to increase greatly ov er the next few y ear s. A s the number of th ese cases in creases, there w ill be a m ajor strain on nur sin g care resources. Sin ce th ere is no kn ow n cure, the only w ay of h alting this epidem ic is through the pr ev ention of further infection. In v ariou s st ages of HIV infection, differ ent pr oblem s occur, callin g for v ariou s specific services an d nur sing skills. Nur ses mu st dev elop a strategy to allev iate the negativ e attitudes related to care of A IDS patient s and anxiety and dislike of care of termin ally ill patient s. Also, nur ses mu st be prepared for teaching th e gen eral population about prev ention of AIDS, coun seling in dividu als in risk of HIV infection, HIV t esting, and tr an smission risk s, and carin g for AIDS patient s u sin g H ospice con cept s in v ariou s settin g s.