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Jurnal f the Krean Chemical Sciety 006, Vl. 0, N. 3 Printed in the Republic f Krea LED용 Sr Ga S :Eu + 황색형광체의합성및발광특성 ½ *Á ³Á½ ûá Á½ wá y w yw yw xÿ q š w yw (006. 1. 13 ) Synthesis and Luminescent Characteristics f Sr Ga S :Eu + Phsphr fr LEDs Yellw Jae Myung Kim*, Jung Kyu Park, Kyung Nam Kim, Seung Jae Lee, Chang Hae Kim, and H Gyem Jang Advanced Materials Divisin, Krea Research Institute f Chemical Technlgy, Daejen 30-600, Krea Department f Chemistry and Center fr Electr and Pht Respnsive Mlecules, Krea University, Seul 136-701, Krea (Received January 13, 006). x LED š{ e w t w Ÿ» w. p, InGaN e y xÿ (YAG:Ce ) w š. w q w ƒ û, y YAG:Ce x Ÿ 0~70 nm» z Ÿw xÿ ƒ. q» p thigallate xÿ w w. ƒ SrGa S :Eu + xÿ y g Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + w w, Ÿp w. š w œ y w, yy % H /9 % N yw» CS H S ƒ w. w xÿ 0 nm Ÿ ƒ y xÿ 300~00 nm» mw Ÿ ƒ w. š YAG:Ce xÿ w 110 %, UV» p w UV LED ƒ w. : LED (Light Emitting Dide), YAG:Ce, xÿ, SrGa S :Eu +, Sr Ga S :Eu + ABSTRACT. Nwadays, LEDs has been applied t the luminescent devices f varius fields because f the inventin f high efficient blue chip. Recently, especially, the white LEDs cmpsed f InGaN blue chips and a yellw phsphr (YAG:Ce ) have been investigated extensively. With the exceptin f YAG:Ce phsphr, hwever, there are n reprts n yellw phsphr that has significant emissin in the 0~70 nm excitatin range and this LED system is the rather lw clr rendering index due t their using tw wavelength. Hence, we have attempted t synthesize thigallate phsphrs that efficiently under the lng wavelength excitatin range in the present case. Amng thse phsphrs, we have synthesized Sr Ga S :Eu + phsphr by change the hst material f SrGa S :Eu + which is well knwn phsphr and we investigated the luminescent prperties. In rder t btain the harmlessness and simplificatin f the synthesis prcess, sulfide materials and mixture gas f % H /9 % N were used instead f the CS r H S gas. The prepared phsphr shws the yellw clr peaking at the 0 nm wavelength and it pssible t emit efficiently under the brad excitatin band in the range f 300~00 nm. And 37

38 ½ Á ³Á½ ûá Á½ wá y this phsphr shws high luminescent intensity mre than 110 % in cmparisn with cmmercial YAG:Ce phsphr and it can be applied fr UV LED due t excitatin prperty in UV regin. Keywrds: LED (Light Emitting Dide), YAG:Ce, phsphr, SrGa S :Eu +, Sr Ga S :Eu + LED (Light Emitting Dide)» P-N w. Si P-N w x, III-V yw P- N w x. LED Ÿz 100% ƒ¾, ƒ š š ƒ w š, š. x LED 1 t d LED Ÿ,, j š ƒ t t t š,» w ƒ w š{ t y. š{ LED e mw LED w. ƒ e y xÿ YAG:Ce xÿ w q vƒ. w,3 ƒ 7 û tx ƒ. w w, YAG:Ce xÿ w xÿ yw f xÿ w. p YAG:Ce xÿ» p ƒ xÿ. w xÿ q» p thigallate xÿ kw Ÿp wš w. 197 Peters Bagli w thigallate xÿ ƒ š, w thigallate xÿ w v y w ƒ w š. 6-9, SrGa S :Eu + xÿ Ÿ w xÿ Ÿz z w w v (Field Emissin Display), Ÿ (Cathdluminescence) š Ÿ (Electrluminescence)., SrGa S y g Sr Ga S xÿ w w Ÿp ƒ r š w. Sr Ga S Kapias w w, w. 10) SrS(s) + Ga S(g) + S (g) = Sr Ga S (s), H (98 K) = 718. ± 3 kj z, Davls carbnate xide w š H S» w w, 00 C l Ar ƒ w y w w w. w ww 11) ƒ w, w œ w. ww ƒ w š yy % H /9% N ywƒ w (tube) ü y» w w w. w Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + 0 nm Ÿ š, q» ùkü LED y xÿ ƒ w., x š InGaN e YAG:Ce w q v YAG:Ce xÿ w 00 nm Ÿz UV LED. x Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ» w yy + (SrS, Ga S 3, EuS) w š w w, Fig. 1. š w x š, yw (mrtar) m ƒw (ball-mill) xk w. ƒ š yw w. yy yw w ƒ Jurnal f the Krean Chemical Sciety

LED Sr Ga S :Eu +y xÿ w Ÿp 39 Fig. 1. Flw chart f the slid-state synthesis methd. Fig.. Crystal structure f Sr Ga S phase. e w, z yw w m w 0 yww. š yw wš m w» w 80 C 1 g. yw Eu + 3ƒ k w» w % H /9 % N» w x w š, Eu +, ƒ y g. w xÿ Ÿ Ÿp w» w xenn v v ü w Perkin Elmer LS0B spectrmeter w phtluminescence (PL) d w. w xÿ { w w. xÿ y w» w Rigaku DMAX-33 X- z» w, Cu-K, Ni vl, 0 kv, 0 maw d. š p j», s xk w» w JEOL JSM-6360 x (SEM) ƒ 0 kvw w. š Fig. Sr Ga S ICSD (Inrganic Crystal Structure Database) Diamnd v mw ùk ü. Sr Ga S rthrhmbic œ (space grup) Pbca. j» a=1. Å, b=1.03 Å š c=11.18 Å ƒ z 8 w 16 p p, 16, 0 y w. p p y 7 w mn-capped trignalprism ƒ, y.98 Å 3.19 Å š w. y, y tetragnal xk w. Å. Å. Sr Ga S w wš w Sr Ga S :Eu + xÿ p p e v e y. Shannn w w Eu 7 r + 1.0 Å 1.1 Å Sr ey +, ey v y 1) w Ÿ. Fig. 3. XRD patterns f Sr Ga S :Eu + synthesized in varius temperature at (a) 800 C, (b) 900 C, and (c) 1000 C. 006, Vl. 0, N. 3

김재명 박정규 김경남 이승재 김창해 장호겸 0 Fig.. PL emissin spectra f SrGaS:Eu+ phsphrs as a functin f firing temperature (λex=6 nm). 은 소성온도에 따른 Sr Ga S :Eu 형광체의 XRD 패턴을 나타낸 것이다. 우선 800 C 경우, 출발 물질인 SrS와 SrGa S 결정이 합성 되었으며, 미량의 Sr Ga S 결정이 형성되었다. 이는 합성에 있어 보다 낮은 온도에서 형성되는 SrGa S 결정이 선행 되었으 며, 충분한 결합에너지를 얻지 못한 결정들은 Sr Ga S 의 조성을 가지지 못하고 과량의 SrS와 SrGa S 상이 검출되었다. 이는 Fig. 의 소성온도에 따른 PL 발광 특성을 통해서도 SrGa S 상의 확인이 가능하다. 900 C 로 소성시 JCPDS (Jint Cmmittee n Pwder Diffractin Standards) 카드의 Sr Ga S (#7-1130)과 피크가 일치 하는 결과를 보였다. 1000 C에서 소성하였을 경우에는 900 C 보다 더 높은 결정성과 패턴의 일치성을 보였 다. 이는 충분한 에너지를 받은 Sr Ga S 는 입자들이 서로 응집되어 더 좋은 결정성을 나타냄을 예상할 수 있으며, 이는 SEM을 통한 형광체의 입자를 확인하였 다(Fig. ). Fig. 는 소성온도에 따른 Sr Ga S :Eu 형광체의 PL 발광특성을 나타내었다. 800 C 그리고 80 C 의 경우, nm 부근에서 중심파장을 가진다. 이는 소 성온도에 따른 XRD 패턴에서 언급한 바와 같이 Sr Ga S 상이 형성되지 못하고 SrGa S 상이 형성됨 을 알 수 있다. 이후 온도가 승온 됨에 따라 발광효율 은 증대되며, 9 C에서 가장 높은 발광효율을 보였 다. 90 C부터는 결정상의 성장 및 온도 퀸칭(thermal quenching)의 영향으로 인해 발광효율의 감소가 관찰 된다. Fig. 3 + + 13 Fig.. SEM phtgraphs f SrGaS:Eu+ phsphrs in varius firing temperature at (a) 800 C, (b) 900 C, and (c) 1000 C. 형광체의 발광효율은 형광체의 광특성 뿐만 아니라 형광체의 표면 특성 및 입경에 영향을 받는다. 즉 형 광체가 최적의 발광효율을 가지기 위해서는 입경의 경우 외부의 에너지가 모체 및 활성제에 전달됨에 있 어 적당한 침투 깊이를 가져야 하며, 단위면적당 흡 수하는 에너지가 커야 한다. 따라서 입자의 크기가 너 Jurnal f the Krean Chemical Sciety

en ¾ ƒ, j w ƒ w. w LED œ j»ƒ 0 µm w j» w. Fig. y j» SEM mw ùkü. (a) 800 C, xÿ s³ µm ü, x x ƒ. (b) 900 C ƒ w mw, w 10 µm ü j». 1000 C (c), mw w ƒ x š 0 µm ƒ. LED xÿ q œ ù e t z œ v w. 9 C Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + 10 µm ü j» LED. y Eu w xÿ + Ÿ rp k 7 f» k f 6 d w Ÿ, q q ¾ s ùkü š +. w Ÿ rp 1 Eu z w Ÿz j. Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ Ÿ y + y mw PL Ÿp Fig. 6 w. Eu ƒ ƒ + PL Ÿz, Eu + 0.0 mle (Sr 1.9Ga S :Eu 0.0) ƒ ùkü. Eu +, k (killer) Ÿz Fig. 6. PL emissin intensities f Sr Ga S :Eu + phsphrs with respect t Eu + cntents (λ ex=6 nm). 006, Vl. 0, N. 3 LED Sr Ga S :Eu +y xÿ w Ÿp 1 Fig. 7. PL emissin intensities f Sr Ga S :Eu + phsphrs as a functin f flw rate f mixed gas (λ ex=6 nm).. y ƒ v, yw (chemical cmplexity) ³ (structural hetergeneity) x j w Ÿ. 1-17 w š ƒ w. Fig. 7 Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ ƒ + y Ÿz r. w H Sù Ar ƒ w š w» ww % H / 9% N ywƒ w w w.» w ù xw» w y w w w û, w w., 100 cc/min ƒ ùkü ƒ w r. v» w w ü y Ÿp p w. l w Sr Ga S :Eu + xÿ LED ƒ y xÿ YAG:Ce xÿ PL Ÿp Fig. 8 ùkü. q YAG:Ce 30 nm + ƒ, Sr Ga S :Eu 0 nm ƒ. 6 nm q» Ÿ w Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + YAG:Ce xÿ

½ Á ³Á½ ûá Á½ wá y Fig. 8. Relative PL emissin and excitatin spectra f synthesized phsphr and Sr Ga S :Eu + phsphr. 10%. Ÿz YAG:Ce xÿ û (30 %) r. w x 6 nm» mw LED ƒ (cld white)», w» w UV e w 3q vƒ š. 0 nm û YAG:Ce xÿ, 0 nm Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ ƒ +. v v Sr Ga S xÿ š w w w ww H S CS ƒ w š yy % H /98% N» mw w w. w Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + w ü. 1. Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + 9 C 3 w, 0.0 mle v y ƒ v, š 100 cc/min ywƒ w w ƒ w Ÿ».. w Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ j»ƒ + 0 µm w, ³ w p w œ LED. 3. w Sr Ga S :Eu xÿ + 0 nm q YAG:Ce xÿ w, 00 nm Ÿz UV LED ƒ w y w. x 1. Nakamura,GS.; Fasl, G. The blue laser dide: GaN based light emitters and lasers, Springer, Berlin, 1997, 33.. Narukawa, Y. et al, Phsphr-cnversin white light emitting dide using InGaN near-ultravilet chip, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 00, 1, 371-373. 3. Mueller-Mach, R.; Mueller, G. O. White light emitting dides fr illuminatin, Prc. SPIE., 000, 3938, 30-1.. Park, J. K. et al, Applicatin f strntium silicate yellw phsphr fr white light-emitting dides, Appl. Phys. Lett., 00, 8, 167-169.. Peters, T. E.; Bagli, J. A. Luminescence and structural prperties f thigallate phsphrs Ce +3 and Eu + activated phsphrs. Part I, J. Electrchem. Sc., 197, 119, 30-36. 6. Yang, S. et al, Green phsphr fr lw-vltage cathdluminescent applicatins : SrGa S :Eu +, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1998, 7, 18-160. 7. Benallul, P.; Barthu, C.; Benit, J. SrGa S :RE phsphrs fr full clr electrluminescent displays, J. Ally and Cmp., 1998, 7-77, 709-71. 8. Aidaev, F. S. Synthesis and luminescent prperties f Eu-activated CaGa S and SrGa S, Inrg. Mater., 003, 39, 96-98. 9. Kmatsu, C.; Takizawa, T. Phase diagram f the SrS- Ga S 3 system and its applicatin t the single-crystal grwth f SrGa S, J. Crystal Grwth., 000, 10, 677-68. 10. Kapias, P.; Edwards, J. G. Vaprizatin and stability f phases in the SrS-Ga S 3 system, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 9, 369-366. 11. Davls, M. R. et al, Luminescence f Eu + in strntium and barium thigallates, J. Slid State Chem., 1989, 83, 316-33. 1. Shannn, R. D. Revised effective inic radii and systematic studies f interatmic distances in halides and chalcgenides, Acta Cryst., 1976, A3, 71-76. 13. Chartier, C. et al, Phtluminescence f Eu + in SrGa S, J. Lumin., 00, 111, 17-18. 1. Drenbs, P. Energy f the first f 7 f 6 d transitin f Eu + in inrganic cmpunds, J. Lumin., 003, 10, 39-60. 1. Dexter, D. L. and Schulman, J. H. Thery f cncentratin quenching in inrganic phsphrs, J. Chem. Phys., 19,, 1063-1070. 16. Laverenz, H. W. An intrductin t luminescent f slids, Dver, New Yrk, 1968, 333-337. 17. Rnda, C. R. and Amrein, T. Evidence fr exchangeinduced luminescence in Zn SiO :Mn, J. Lumin., 1996, 69, -8. Jurnal f the Krean Chemical Sciety