Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 (2011): 93-121. Kim, Heesoon (2011), A Study on Community Based Ecotourism: A Case of Yucatán in Mexico. Abstract This study firstly reviews the definition and significance of ecotourism. It also investigates the significance of the community based ecotourism by considering the emergence of the community-centered development strategy. It further looks into the role, significance, and problem of tourism players in the process of implementation of community based ecotourism based on the experience of ecotourism in the northern peninsular of Yucatán in Mexico. The concept of ecotourism was suggested from the development process of Yucatán peninsular in Mexico in 1980s. It is argued that the ecotourism can satisfy the two goals of the creation of social and economic revenues for the community and the natural environment preservation. The ecotourism is focused on natural regions and customer s satisfaction. It also centers on education, environment preservation, and cultural respect. The significance of ecotourism includes responsible tourism for the tourists and regional resident s participation to tourism in the perspective of economy, environment and society. The wild creature management led by government was failed and new and innovative preservation policy was required. The policy was called as community based natural resource management or community preservation area. Such a policy assumes that providing the benefit for production community is connected to the preservation. In the effect of neoliberalism, most developing countries experienced retreat of government role and regional communities realized the responsibility for restoration of local life environment. * 2008 ( ) (NRF-2008-362-B00015). ** 2010 12.
Thus, the community based ecotourism was emerged as an alternative of existing models. The programs of ecotourism of northern Yucatán in Mexico include Pac-chen village for original residents, historic sites of Mayan culture, and tropical forest as tourism attraction. The practical implementing subjects of that program were tourism company, guides, and participant residents for supporting tourists. The tourists were foreigners from developed countries. Key words ecotourism, community based ecotourism, community-centered development, environment preservation, Yucatán. 1),,, 1) 1823. John Muir(1838-1914) 1864, 1872. 1916 National Park Service.... Sierra Club Hetch Hetchy Reservoir,.,.
,.,,,,. de-gazetting 2),.. (Brenner and Job 2006).,. ( ) (Dzingirai 2003, 445-446). 1980., Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 094 095 2) de-gazetting,.,.
,. 1990., (Zeppel 2006, 68).,. 1990. 2010 10 (Pac-chen). (niche tourisim)., ( 2008). Wheeller(1994)
egotourism (Forsyth 1997, 272). (ecotourism) 1983 Ceballos-Lascurain (American Flamingo). PRONATURA Ceballos-Lascurain ( 2001, 60).,.,., ( 2006). 1965 Hetzer Links (ecological tourism). 1970 (ethical consumerism) 1980,,. (Forsyth 1997, 271-272). 1990 Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 096 097
. 1990,,,, (Shoup 1898; Alder 1990; Sadler 1990; Kusler 1991; Wallace 1991; Valentine 1992; Buckley 1994; Chalker 1994; Goodwin 1996; Fennell 1999; Weaver 2001).,,,,,,,,, ( 2004, 58-61). 2002 (The International Year of Ecotourism). 2002 UN.,...
(World Tourism Organization 2003: Uddhammar 2006, 659 ).,,,,,,,,,,. (Weaver 2001). Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 (nature based tourism).,,.,, ( 2006).,.,,,.,, 098 099
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Veltmeyer(2002),, (Jackiewicz 2006, 140 ).,,.,. (Jackiewicz 2006, 139). (Binns and Nel 2002, 235). Timothy(2002). Britton(1987). 1996,, 3)., (Binns and Nel 2002, 236). Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 102 103 3) (Binns and Nel 2002, 236).
(Jackiewicz 2006, 137-140).,,. NGO (Jackiewicz 2006, 141-144).,.,.., (Dzingirai 2003, 445-446). CAMPFIRE,. CAMPFIRE(Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources) (USAID), (Worldwide Fund For Nature) NGO
1989. CAMPFIRE.. (Boniface and Cooper 2009b, 201-207). CAMPFIRE, (Tonga),. 10% 50% (Uddhammar 2006, 659). CAMPFIRE 1. (Dzingirai 2003, 450). CAMPFIRE. CAMPFIRE. Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 104 105
CAMPFIRE (Dzingirai 2003, 446-447; 453-456). CAMPFIRE. CAMPFIRE. CAMPFIRE (Dzingirai 2003, 449-450). CAMPFIRE (Campbell et al. 2000, 42).,.,,,, (Zeppel 2006, 68)., 17%....
.,,. CONAIE 4) (Blangy 1999: Zeppel 2006, 68 ). 5) Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador(FEPTEC) FEPTEC,. (de Bont and Janssen 2002: Zeppel 2006, 68 ). 1997 A National Forum on Community Participation in Ecotourism,, (NGO, operators) (Zeppel 2006, 69). 2001 Otavalo 2003 San José (rural community-based Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 106 107 4) (2008), (2008; 2010), (2010). 5),. 10 4 13 8 75% 13 9 620 km 2 21%., (Drumm 1998; Zografos and Oglethorpe 2004; Boniface and Cooper 2005: Zeppel 2006, 68 ).
tourism). 1990 (Mader 2003; Ecotribal 2005: Zeppel 2006, 68 )..,.. 2010 10 29 (Quinttana Roo) (Coba).. (Cancún) Expedia.com...,,,,,
. Coba Maya Encounter Expedition alltournative. Pac-chen, (sinkhole). 119, 79 20-30%. 12., 1 19, CD 1 39, CD 79. IV-1,,,,.,, 12 20, 7 ( IV-1). 1 4 1. 5 70 Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 108 109
07:30 08:00 10:00 12:00 _ 12:20 _ 12:40 13:20 _ 15:20 17:00 Tierra Negra Zip-line crossing. 7 25,,... 10... 10. 10.....,,........................ 1.....
. 5.,.. (Chase et al. 1998, 466). 80% ( 2006).. 6),,. ( IV-2)... Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 110 111 6)..
(Paby et al. 1991).,, NGO.,,,,,. alltournative,,.. 3., alltournative, 2001 2,
( IV-3). (el Instituto Nacional Indígena: INI) (la Secretaría del Medio Ambiente Recursos Naturales: SEMARNAT).,, (http:// www.alltournative.com/).. 2002,...,,,.,,.. Revista Iberoamericana 22.1 112 113
,.., (, 2003).,.,, (Boniface and Cooper 2009b, 247-254; 2004, 68-70).,. ( IV-4).. alltournative Pac-Chen. alltournative
Revista Iberoamericana 22.1... 70% ( 2004, 58). (Wesche and Drumm, 1999; de Bont and Janssen 2003; Mader 2004: Zeppel 2006, 68 ).. 114 115
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