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1 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol.14, No.3, 2014, pp RESEARCH ARTICLE 치위생과학생들의정신건강에영향을미치는요인 전은숙ㆍ황수현ㆍ고효진 춘해보건대학교치위생과 Factors Which Affect Mental Health of Dental Hygiene Students Eun-Suk Jeon, Su-Hyun Hwang and Hyo-Jin Ko Department of Dental Hygiene, Choonhae College of Health Sciences, Ulsan , Korea The purpose of study is to understand the relation with factors which affect the mental health and to investigate self-esteem, department satisfaction and career stress among dental hygiene students. The study performs self-administered questionnaires survey from March to May, 2013, among dental hygiene students of college in Busan and Ulsan with the convenience sampling and finally analyzes 376 questionnaires. The study performs the path analysis to analyze the impact of the mental health on self-esteem, department satisfaction and career stress and the correlation among these variables. The analysis result shows that the self-esteem most affects and the direct effect on the mental health. The factor which affects the self-esteem is the department satisfaction show direct effect, also career stress has direct and indirect effect. Self-esteem is important factors in the department satisfaction, career stress and mental health. Thus, a stable mental health for students and groups of individuals who need to take advantage of professional counseling and career exploration program structured should be configured. Key Words: Career stress, Department satisfaction, Mental health, Self esteem 서론 정신건강 (mental health) 은정신적질병에걸리지않은상태뿐만아니라만족스러운인간관계를형성하고유지해나갈수있는능력으로모든종류의개인적ㆍ사회적적응을포함하며어떠한환경에서도대처해나갈수있는건전하고균형있는통일된성격이라고미국정신위생위원회 (National Committee for Mental Hygiene) 에서는표현하고있다 1). 다시말해서만족스러운인간관계를형성해나가고생활속에서직면하는스트레스와요구등에적절하게대처해나갈수있는능력을갖추었을때정신건강이좋은상태라할수있다. 2009년국민건강통계에서우리나라만 19 29세청년기의스트레스인지율은 34.6%, 우울증상경험률은 13.3% 로, 2007년스트레스인지율 28.0% 와우울증상경험률 9.7% 에비해서다소높아졌으며 2), 2011년교육부는대학생자살자수가 2006년 191명에서 2008년 332명으로증가하였고매년평균 230명의대학생자살자가발생하는것으로보고하였다 3). 이런사실은우리나라대학생들이겪고있는심리적부적응현상으로인한문제의심각성을짐작할수있게한다. 청소년기에서성인기의전환단계에있는대학생들은개인의내적변화, 새롭게경험하는학업유형, 다양한사회적관계와활동, 취업준비등다양한유형의변화라는스트레스요인에노출되어있다 4). 또한많은대학생들이이성문제, 학업문제, 진로및취업문제, 대인관계문제, 경제문제, 가치관문제등으로인한스트레스를경험하고있다 5). 세계적인경제여건의악화및고용구조의불안정에따른청년실업이심각한사회문제로인식되고있는가운데생애첫 Received: July 30, 2014, Revised: September 5, 2014, Accepted: September 5, 2014 ISSN (Print) / ISSN (Online) Correspondence to: Hyo-Jin Ko Department of Dental Hygiene, Choonhae College of Health Sciences, 9, Daehak-gil, Ungchon-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan , Korea Tel: , Fax: , ginigo@hanmail.net Copyright 2014 by the Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 전은숙외 : 치위생과학생들의정신건강에영향을미치는요인 노동시장진입을앞둔대학생은상당한취업스트레스를겪고있고, 이로인하여사회심리적으로부정적인결과들이나타나고있다. 따라서대학생들이겪고있는여러가지심리적문제들중에서도가장큰비중을차지하는것은진로및직업선택에관한것이라할수있으며, 대학생들의진로스트레스 (career stress) 는대학생활의변화를가져올만큼중요한문제로부각되고있다. 자아존중감 (self-esteem) 은대학생시기에긍정적인내적평가도구로서취업스트레스에대처할수있는중요한심리적특질이고사회적성취동기를높이는데중요한요인이된다 6). 또한상황에대한인지적해석에영향을주고, 더나아가대인관계에도긍정적혹은부정적영향을미친다고할수있다 7). 학과만족도 (department satisfaction) 는개인이설정한진로나직업에대한기대와비교하여현재자신이소속한학과를평가하는판단과정의산물 8) 로서개인이속한전공학과내에서의행동은개인적특성과전공을둘러싼환경과의상호작용에의해서형성된다고할수있다 9). 자아를긍정적가치로서인식하는개념인자아존중감이높은경우학과만족도가높게나타나며또한자신이속한학과를긍정적으로평가하는경우자신의진로를정하기위해서도더욱적극적으로노력한다고하였다 10). 대학에진학하는모든학생들에게학과선택은향후진로와관련된중대한의사결정이다. 그럼에도불구하고대학진학시적성이나흥미등자신에대한이해와개인적가치를충분히고려하지않고, 합격가능성과성적및주위의기대에맞추어학과선택을하여대학생활에부적응을경험하는경우가많다. 전공에만족하지못한대학생의경우학습에대한흥미상실, 성적불량, 면학분위기저해, 개인의잠재력개발기회박탈뿐만아니라학교에서사회적고립으로인한소외감을느끼며대학생활부적응으로인한불안과신경증등심리적문제까지유발되었다 11). 이처럼개인의심리적특질인자아존중감과학과에대한적응과만족도, 자신의진로에대한고민과스트레스는대학생활뿐만아니라대학생에게초래될수있는정서적상태와도밀접한관련이있기때문에매우중요하다. 치위생과학생들은실기와필기로치러지는국가고시의합격이향후취업에필수적이며, 익숙하지않은환경에서미리경험하는다양한임상실습과외부대상자로이루어지는실습, 과도한수업량등으로인해교육과정중많은스트레스를경험하고있다 12,13). 따라서이러한문제를해결하기위한정신건강에영향을미치는다양한심리적인기질과요인에대한연구가필요하다. 그러나대학생을대상으로하는정신건강에대한연구는다양한분야에서활발하게진행 되어왔지만 1,14), 치위생학분야에서는학과만족도에대한연구 15), 자아존중감과취업스트레스에대한연구 6,16) 가일부진행되었을뿐정신건강에대한연구는거의없는실정이다. 따라서이연구에서는성인기로의발달과정을거치고있는치위생과학생들의자아존중감과학과만족도, 진로스트레스가정신건강에미치는영향을분석하고변수들간의인과관계를규명함으로써학생들이보다안정적인심리상태로성공적인대학생활을유지하는데필요한효율적인진로지도의기초자료를제공하고자하였다. 연구대상및방법 1. 연구대상이연구는 2013년 3월부터 5월까지부산광역시에소재하는 3개대학과울산에소재하는 1개대학의치위생과에재학중인설문참여에동의한여학생들을대상으로자기기입식설문조사를실시하였다. 420부를배부하여 394부의설문지가회수되었으나그중무응답및응답이불분명한 15부를제외한총 376부의자료를최종분석자료에사용하였다. 2. 연구도구 1) 자아존중감측정자아존중감측정도구는 Rosenberg 17) 가개발하고, Jeon 18) 이번안한것을수정ㆍ보완하여사용하였다. 이측정도구는우월적자아존중감 (positive self-esteem) 6문항과열등적자아존중감 (negative self-esteem) 4문항으로총 10개의문항이 Likert 5점척도로측정하였으며, 총점수가높을수록자아존중감이높다는것을의미한다. 도구의신뢰도는자아존중감 Cronbach s α=0.659이며하위영역인우월적자아존중감 Cronbach's α=0.862, 열등적자아존중감 Cronbach s α=0.735였다. 2) 학과만족도측정학과만족도측정도구는 Ha 8) 의연구에서사용한설문지에서학교만족문항을제외하고, 나머지문항을연구자의목적에맞게수정ㆍ보완하여사용하였다. 이측정도구는 4 개의하위영역으로교과만족 (curriculum satisfaction) 6문항, 관계만족 (relation satisfaction) 4문항, 일반만족 (general satisfaction) 7문항, 인식만족 (social perception) 5문항으로총 22문항으로구성되어점수가높을수록학과에만족한다는것을의미한다. 도구의신뢰도는학과만족도 Cronbach s α=0.868이며, 하위영역인교과만족 Cronbach s 425

3 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 α=0.783, 관계만족 Cronbach s α=0.711, 일반만족 Cronbach s α=0.857, 인식만족 Cronbach s α=0.825였다. 각변수들의인과관계및효과계수의결과를검증하기위해상관분석및경로분석을실시하였다. 3) 진로스트레스측정진로스트레스측정도구는 Seo 19) 의연구에서사용한측정도구를사용하였으며총 12문항으로 Likert 5점척도의점수가높을수록진로스트레스의정도가심하다는것을나타내며도구의신뢰도는진로스트레스 Cronbach s α= 0.888이었다. 4) 정신건강측정정신건강은 Hopkins Symtom Check List를발전시켜만든 Symptom Check List (SCL-90) 를우리실정에맞게제어표준화한간이정신진단검사 (Symptom Check List-90- Revision, SCL-90-R) 를사용하였다 20). 검사내용은증상차원별 9개세부척도인신체화 (somatization) 12문항, 강박증 (obsessive-compulsive) 10문항, 대인민감성 (interpersonal sensitivity) 9문항, 우울 (depression) 13문항, 불안 (anxiety) 10문항, 적대감 (hostility) 6문항, 공포불안 (phobic anxiety) 7문항, 편집증 (paranoid ideation) 6문항, 정신증 (psychoticism) 10문항, 부가적인 7문항을포함하여총 90문항으로구성되었다. 각대상자에게간이정신진단검사의문항을읽고오늘을포함해서지난 7일동안경험한증상의정도를 전혀없다 0점, 약간있다 1점, 웬만큼있다 2점, 꽤심하다 3점, 아주심하다 4점으로하였으며, 척도별로산출된점수의합을표준화된점수인 T-score로변환하여제시하였다. 점수는낮을수록정신건강이양호한것을의미한다. 도구의신뢰도는정신건강 Cronbach s α=0.945이며하부영역인신체화 Cronbach s α=0.873, 강박증 Cronbach s α=0.841, 대인민감성 Cronbach s α=0.858, 우울 Cronbach s α=0.911, 불안 Cronbach s α= 0.908, 적대감 Cronbach s α=0.861, 공포불안 Cronbach s α=0.877, 편집증 Cronbach s α=0.848, 정신증 Cronbach s α=0.900이었다. 3. 분석방법수집된자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) 과 AMOS 20.0 프로그램을이용하였으며, 통계적으로유의성판정을위한유의수준은 0.05로고려하여다음과같이자료분석을하였다. 연구대상자의일반적인특성은기술통계분석을하였고, 자아존중감, 학과만족도및진로스트레스가정신건강에미치는영향정도와 결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성연구대상자는 1학년 90명 (23.9%), 2학년 174명 (46.3%), 3학년 112명 (29.8%) 이었다. 가정의월소득은 300만원미만이 150명 (39.9%) 으로가장많았고, 300만원 400만원미만 121명 (32.2%), 400만원이상 105명 (27.9%) 이었다 (Table 1). 2. 자아존중감, 학과만족도, 진로스트레스및정신건강의상관관계연구모형에서사용된변수들간의상관관계는피어슨상관계수 (Pearson correlation coefficient) 로나타내었다. 자아존중감은학과만족도와유의한양의상관관계, 진로스트레스및정신건강과는음의상관관계가나타났다 (p< 0.05). 학과만족도는진로스트레스및정신건강과음의상관관계, 진로스트레스는정신건강과양의상관관계가나타났다 (p<0.05). 그러나학과만족도의관계만족및인식만족과정신건강의강박증과는유의성이없었고, 교과만족및인식만족과대인민감성, 관계만족과편집증간의관련성이없었다 (Table 2). 3. 경로분석경로분석에서는범주형데이터인일반적특성을제외하고주요변수인자아존중감이학과만족도, 진로스트레스, 정신건강에영향을주었고, 학과만족도는진로스트레스와정신건강, 진로스트레스는정신건강에직접적인영향을준다는인과관계모델로설정하였다. Table 1. General Characteristics Characteristic n (%) Grade 1st 2nd 3rd Monthly income (10,000 won) < (23.9) 174 (46.3) 112 (29.8) 150 (39.9) 121 (32.2) 105 (27.9) 426

4 전은숙외 : 치위생과학생들의정신건강에영향을미치는요인 Table 2. Correlation Coefficients of Self-Esteem, Department Satisfaction, Career Stress and Mental Health (Symptom Check List-90-Revision) P-S N-S C-S R-S G-S S-P CS SOM O-C I-S DEP ANX HOS PHOB PAR PSY P-S 1 N-S 0.496*** 1 C-S 0.246*** 0.118* 1 R-S 0.179*** 0.110* 0.716*** 1 G-S 0.323*** 0.225*** 0.669*** 0.574*** 1 S-P 0.271*** 0.195*** 0.618*** 0.476*** 0.715*** 1 CS *** *** ** *** *** *** 1 SOM *** *** *** ** ** *** 0.175*** 1 O-C *** *** * ** *** 0.685*** 1 I-S *** *** * * *** 0.626*** 0.757*** 1 DEP *** *** ** * *** * 0.372*** 0.625*** 0.792*** 0.814*** 1 ANX *** *** *** * *** *** 0.253*** 0.797*** 0.744*** 0.711*** 0.718*** 1 HOS *** *** *** *** *** *** 0.266*** 0.656*** 0.676*** 0.713*** 0.683*** 0.704*** 1 PHOB *** *** *** ** *** *** 0.184*** 0.665*** 0.599*** 0.662*** 0.622*** 0.716*** 0.656*** 1 PAR *** *** * ** ** 0.311*** 0.638*** 0.714*** 0.817*** 0.755*** 0.741*** 0.731*** 0.713*** 1 PSY *** *** *** * *** *** 0.319*** 0.674*** 0.695*** 0.722*** 0.736*** 0.727*** 0.663*** 0.747*** 0.795*** 1 P-S: positive self-esteem, N-S: negative self-esteem, C-S: curriculum satisfaction, R-S: relation satisfaction, G-S: general satisfaction, S-P: social perception, CS: career stress, SOM: somatization, O-C: obsessive-compulsive, I-S: interpersonal sensitivity, DEP: depression, ANX: anxiety, HOS: hostility, PHOB: phobic anxiety, PAR: paranoid ideation, PSY: psychoticism. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; statistically siginificant by Pearson correlation coefficient. 427

5 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 Fig. 1. Pathway of study model. χ 2 = , χ 2 /df=2.954, GFI=0.912, CFI=0.959, TLI=0.947, RMSEA= P-S: positive self-esteem, N-S: negative self-esteem, SE: self-esteem, CS: career stress, DS: department satisfaction, C-S: curriculum satisfaction, R-S: relation satisfaction, G-S: general satisfaction, S-P: social perception, MH: mental health, SOM: somatization, O-C: obsessive-compulsive, I-S: interpersonal sensitivity, DEP: depression, ANX: anxiety, HOS: hostility, PHOB: phobic anxiety, PAR: paranoid ideation, PSY: psychoticism, GFI: goodness of fit index, CFI: comparative fit index, TLI: Turker-Lewis index, RMSEA: root mean square error of approximation. 1) 연구모형의적합도검정연구모형의적합도지수산출결과 χ 2 /df 값 (p< 0.001), 적합지수 (goodness of fit index, GFI) 값 0.912, 비교적합지수 (comparative fit index, CFI) 값 0.959, 적합도지수 (Turker-Lewis index, TLI) 값 0.947, 절대적적합도지수 (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA) 값 0.072로나타나모델의구성개념타당성이인정되었다. χ 2 /df 값을제외하고 GFI, CFI, TLI값이모두 0.9 이상 1.0 이하이고, RMSEA는 1.0 이하에해당하여모두적합기준에부합하였으므로연구모형은적합한것으로판단하였다 (Fig. 1). 2) 연구모형의경로도변수의영향력에대한직ㆍ간접경로가유의미한지를살펴보기위하여공분산구조분석의경로계수로확인한결과자아존중감은학과만족도에유의한영향을주었고 (p< 0.001), 자아존중감 (p<0.001) 과학과만족도 (p<0.05) 는 진로스트레스에유의한영향을주었다. 그러나자아존중감은정신건강에는유의한영향을주었지만 (p<0.001), 학과만족도와진로스트레스는정신건강에유의한영향을주지않았다. 즉, 자아존중감이높을수록학과만족도는높아졌으며 (p<0.001) 설명력은 12.9% 였다. 또한자아존중감이높을수록진로스트레스가낮아졌고 (p<0.001), 학과만족도가높을수록진로스트레스는낮아졌으며 (p<0.05) 설명력은 31.5% 였다. 자아존중감이높을수록정신건강이낮아졌지만 (p<0.001), 학과만족도와진로스트레스는정신건강에유의하게영향을미치지않으며설명력은 24.4% 였다 (Table 3). 3) 효과분석자아존중감은학과만족도에직접적인영향 (β=0.359) 을미쳤다 (p<0.001). 진로스트레스에대한예측변수중자아존중감은직접효과 (β= 0.477) 와간접효과 (β= 0.061) 를 428

6 전은숙외 : 치위생과학생들의정신건강에영향을미치는요인 Table 3. Pathway Estimate Pathway Estimate SE t p-value SMC Department satisfaction Self-esteem Career stress Self-esteem Career stress Department satisfaction Mental health Self-esteem Mental health Department satisfaction Mental health Career stress SE: standard error, SMC: squared multiple correlation. Table 4. Direct, Indirect and Total Effects among Variables Pathway Standardized effects (p-value) Direct effects Indirect effects Total effects Department satisfaction Self-esteem (0.001) (0.001) Career stress Self-esteem (0.001) (0.020) (0.003) Career stress Department satisfaction (0.002) (0.002) Mental health Self-esteem (0.001) (0.055) (0.003) Mental health Department satisfaction (0.371) (0.080) (0.268) Mental health Career stress (0.058) (0.058) 나타내어총효과가 (p<0.01) 로나타났다. 정신건강에대한예측변수중자아존중감은직접효과 (β= 0.394, p<0.001) 와간접효과 (β= 0.085) 를나타내었으나간접효과는유의하지않았고, 총효과는 (p<0.01) 로나타났다. 학과만족도는진로스트레스에직접적인영향 (β= 0.170) 을미쳤다 (p<0.01). 그러나학과만족도는정신건강에대한직ㆍ간접효과와진로스트레스의직접효과는모두유의성이없는것으로확인되었다 (Table 4). 고찰 후기청소년기에속하는대학생시기는생활환경의변화로인한심리, 사회적적응및진로선택에대한고민, 장래에대한불안등으로인하여심리적부담을경험하게된다 21). 대학생의정신건강과관련된연구중 Troll과 Skaff 22) 는정신건강에영향을미치는요인중하나를자아존중감이라고하였고, 내가존귀하다는자각인자아존중감이낮다는것은정신건강이나쁜것이며결국신경증과정신병과같은증상과연결되었다고하였다. 또대학생시기의자아존중감과 10년후직업생활을살펴본종단적인연구의결과에서는높은자아존중감을가진대학생은 10년후정규직의직업을가지고, 높은연봉을받으며, 높은정도의직무몰입과직업만족, 낮은수준의소진 ( 피로 ) 을예측할수있음을보여주었지만, 낮은자아존중감은실업과피로감, 냉소주의, 낮은성 취감, 낮은정도의직무몰입과낮은직업만족을예측할수있음을보여주었다 23). 따라서대학생시기의자아존중감은개인의직업생활과정신건강등에밀접한관련이있으며인생전반에걸쳐아주중요한작용을한다고할수있다. 대학생을대상으로하는자아존중감은전공및학과에대한만족도, 직업또는진로스트레스, 정신건강등과관련한연구가선행되었고유의한상관관계가밝혀진바있다 24-26). 그러나이에대한명확한인과관계및경로분석과직ㆍ간접효과에대한파악이이루어진연구는부족하며, 특히치위생과학생들을대상으로진행된정신건강에대한연구는아주부족하기에본연구를실시하였다. 정신건강을포함한주요변수들간의연관성을분석하기위하여상관분석을실시한결과, 자아존중감은학과만족도, 진로스트레스, 정신건강과상관관계가나타났고, 학과만족도는진로스트레스와상관성이있었으며, 정신건강의일부척도와는상관관계가확인되지않는것도있었지만대부분의척도와상관성을확인할수있었다. 또한진로스트레스는정신건강과유의한상관관계가있는것으로나타났다. 이처럼상관분석을통하여정신건강과연관성있는변수들은확인할수있었지만이들변수들간의인과관계를파악하기위하여경로분석을실시하였다. 경로분석에서자아존중감의경우학과만족도, 진로스트레스, 정신건강에영향을미치며직접적인효과뿐만아니라진로스트레스를통해서전달되는간접효과도유의한것으 429

7 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 로확인되었다. 따라서치위생과학생들의자아존중감을증진시켜서정신건강을안정화할수있는교육적접근에있어서진로스트레스에대한효과적인대처에도노력을기울인다면학생들이안정된심리상태를유지하여성공적인학업생활을마치는데도움이될것이라생각된다. 학과만족도는진로스트레스에영향을미치는것으로나타났지만, 정신건강에는영향을미치지않는것으로파악되었다. 대학생을대상으로진행된 Kong과 Kang 1) 의연구와간호과대학생을대상으로진행된 Jee 등 27) 의연구와마찬가지로전공및학과만족과정신건강의상관관계결과는유사하였지만, 본연구에서최종경로를분석하여직ㆍ간접효과를알아본결과는학과만족도가정신건강에유의한영향을미치지않는것으로조사되었다. 즉학과만족도는진로스트레스및정신건강과유의한상관관계가있고진로스트레스에직접적인영향을미치지만정신건강에대한직ㆍ간접적인효과는없다고할수있다. 따라서학과만족도를높이는것은학생들의진로스트레스를줄이는데효과적인대처가될수있지만심리적으로안정되고좋은인성을갖춘전인적인인재양성을위해서는학생들스스로자신의가치와강점을강화하여본인이선택한학과에대한자긍심을갖도록하는것과학생들이만족스러운학교생활을유지하도록여러가지차원의사회심리적지원이더욱중요하다고볼수있다. 본연구모형에서는학과만족도가정신건강에직ㆍ간접적인영향을미칠것이라는가정하에진행하여경로분석을하였으나유의성을확인할수없었기에, 추후연구에서는이경로를제외하거나학과만족도와관련지을수있는더욱다양한연구변인들을반영한추가적인탐색이필요할것으로생각된다. 진로스트레스가정신건강에미치는경로와직접효과에서유의성을확인하지는못하였으나진로스트레스가높을수록정신건강이불안정해진다는상관관계를확인하였고, 이결과는 Lee 28) 의연구에서진로스트레스가높을수록정신건강수준이낮아진다는해석과같았다. 진로스트레스또한심리적인변수로정신건강에직접적인영향을미칠것이라는예상과달리진로스트레스는자아존중감의영향을받아서는정신건강에영향을미치지만, 정신건강에미치는직접적인효과는확인할수없었다. 이런결과는치위생과학생들의경우다른직종보다높은취업률로취업에대한부담감이비교적적어서진로에대한스트레스와이에따른정신적스트레스도적게나타난것이라생각되며, 진로스트레스와관련된다양한변인을고려한추가적인연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 이연구는치위생과여학생만을대상으로하여지속적으로증가하고있는치위생과남학생들의결과는반영하지못 하였다. 또한편의표본추출의특성으로인해연구를통해얻게된결과는다른지역과대상으로일반화시키는데한계가있다. 따라서남학생을포함하고, 보다큰표집을대상으로하는추후연구의진행으로본연구에서발견한사실들을재확인할필요가있다. 또지속적인관찰로조사하지못하였고학기초반학과에대한파악이제대로이루어지지않은상태여서발생되는제한점이있다. 따라서일정한기간에걸쳐여러차례조사하는지속적인연구와자아존중감향상프로그램과같은상담프로그램등의활용이미치는구체적인효과를입증하는후속연구가수행될필요가있다. 선행연구에서는주로학생들의자아존중감, 학과만족도, 진로스트레스와정신건강에상관관계파악만이루어졌기에본연구에서확인한경로분석에대한비교연구에는한계가있었다. 하지만이연구는경로분석을통하여치위생과학생들의정신건강에영향을미치는요인들의직접효과와간접효과를파악하여제시하였으며, 자아존중감과진로스트레스와같은심리적변인과학생들이직접적으로느끼는학과만족도라는변인이여러가지정신적차원에미치는인과관계와효과를제시하였다는의의가있다. 결론적으로학생들스스로자신의문제를해결하기위한능동적인자세와노력이중요하며이를지원하기위한대학현장에서진로및취업에관한전담부서및산학협력체계의활용과학교행정서비스강화등보다나은학문적환경을조성할필요가있다고생각된다. 요약 본연구는치위생과학생들의자아존중감, 학과만족도, 진로스트레스, 간이정신진단검사를시행하여정신건강에영향을미치는요인과영향관계를파악함으로써, 치위생과학생들이안정적인심리상태로학교생활을유지하기위해서효과적인진로지도에필요한기초자료를제공하고자하였다. 2013년 3월에서 5월까지편의표본추출법을적용하여부산과울산의 4개대학교의치위생과여학생들을대상으로자기기입식설문조사를실시하여 376부를최종분석하여다음과같은결론을얻었다. 1. 정신건강에영향력을미치는변수는자아존중감이며직접효과가있었다. 2. 자아존중감은학과만족도, 진로스트레스, 정신건강에영향을미치며직접효과가있었고, 진로스트레스를통해서전달되는간접효과도있었다. 3. 학과만족도는진로스트레스에영향을미치며직접효과가있었지만, 학과만족도와진로스트레스는정신건강에 430

8 전은숙외 : 치위생과학생들의정신건강에영향을미치는요인 는영향을미치지않았다. 이상의결과를종합해볼때치위생과학생이안정적인심리상태로학교생활을유지하기위해서는올바른자신의가치관을확립하여전공및진로에대한확신을갖고뚜렷한목표와계획을수립하여교육과정에임하는것이가장중요하다. 따라서체계적인진로탐색프로그램의운영, 전문적인개인및집단대상의심리상담기회제공등학생들의정서적지원에대한적극적인논의가필요할것으로생각된다. References 1. Kong M, Kang YJ: A study on the influence of college life stresses on the mental health of college students. J Rehabil Psychol 19: 1-22, Ministry of Health and Welfare: Retrieved April 1, 2011, from April 1). 3. Ministry of Basic Education: Retrieved April 1, 2011, from April 1). 4. Steinhardt M, Dolbier C: Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology. J Am Coll Health 56: , Lee JH, Jeoung KY, Yu HJ: Effect of the intergenerational family relationship, self-differentiation and self-esteem of college student on the college life adjustment. J Youth Studies 14: , Shin SH: A study on employment stress and self-esteem of health college students. J Dent Hyg Sci 12: , Lee MS, Chae KM: The mediating effects of emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal relationship abilities. J Korea Assoc Cogn Behav Ther 12: 63-75, Ha HS: A study of department satisfaction and school satisfaction of undergraduate students. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Yu JS, Choi SY: The effect of emotional perception on major satisfaction among students at the department of dental hygiene. J Dent Hyg Sci 10: , Kang YS, Hwang SK: Correlations of self-esteem, major satisfaction and career motivation in college nursing students. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 14: , Chang MY: The relationship among college students satisfaction on their majors, attributional style, and career decision level. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Lee JH, Jeon ES: A study on causes of stress experienced by party students of dental hygiene department during clinical training. J Dent Hyg Sci 9: , Park IS, Lee SH: A study on the stressors and coping patterns of some dental hygiene students. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 8: , Yu EY, Yoon CK, Yang YJ: The relationship between self-esteem and mental health of college student in some regions. J Korea Acad-Ind Coop Soc 13: , Kim JY, Jung GO: A study on satisfaction of major at the dept. of dental hygiene, and on attitude one's course of employment. J Dent Hyg Sci 14: , Song AH, Youn HJ, Jung EJ: Influential factors for stress and self-esteem of dental hygiene students. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 14: 49-57, Rosenberg M: Society and adolescents self-image. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, p.326, Jeon BJ: Self-esteem: a test of its measurability. Yonsei University Press, Seoul, pp , Seo EG: The effects of career barriers and optimism on level of career decision, career preparation behavior, and career stress of college students. Unpubished master's thesis, Catholic University, Seoul, Kim GI, Kim JH, Won HT: Guidelines for SCL-90-R. 1st ed. Central Institute of Aptitude. Seoul, pp.7-39, Lee EH: Life stress and depressive symptoms among college student: testing for moderating effects of coping style with structural equations. J Health Psychol 9: 25-52, Troll LE, Skaff MM: Perceived continuity of self in very old age. Psychol Aging 12: , Katariina SA, Jari-Erik N: Self-esteem during university studies predicts career characteristics 10 years later. J Vocat Behav 70: , Lee JH, Lim ST: The moderating effects of college students career maturity on the relations between satisfaction of major and career stress. J Vocat Educ 30: , Lee IS: A study on appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, depression, and employment stress among nursing college students. J Korean Data Analysis Soc 13: , Kim HR: Study on relationship between self-concept and 431

9 J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 14, No. 3, 2014 mental health of nursing students. Unpublished master's thesis, Hanyang University, Seoul, Jee YJ, Lee YB, Lee AR, Jeon JW: Factors influencing mental health among nursing students. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 14: , Lee BJ: The effects of career decision making self-efficacy on the relation between career stress and psychiatric symptoms. Soc Sci Stud 36: ,

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