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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 6, N. 1, pp. 7~80, 009. Preparatin and Characterizatin f NiZn-Ferrite Nanfibers Fabricated by Electrspinning Prcess Yng-Hui J*, **, Jng-Hee Nam*, Jeng-H Ch*, Myung-Py Chun*, Byung-Ik Kim*, and Tae-Gyung K** *Advanced Materials & Cmpnents Labratry, Krea Institute f Ceramic Engineering and Technlgy, Seul , Krea **Schl f Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Inchn 0-751, Krea (Received Nvember 11, 008; Revised December 15, 008; Accepted December, 008)» w NiZn r p ù p {*, **Áû * Á y*á t*á½ *Ášk ** *» tq ** w w œw ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT Electrspinning prcess is the useful and unique methd t prduce nanfibers frm metal precursr and plymer slutin by cntrlled viscsity. In this study, the NiZn ferrite nanfibers were prepared by electrspinning with a aqueus metal salts/plymer slutin that cntained plyvinyl pyrrlidne and Fe (III) chlride, Ni (II) acetate tetrahydrate and zinc acetate dihydrate in N,Ndimethylfrmamide. The applied electric field and spurting rate fr spinning cnditins were 10 kv, ml/h, respectively. The btained fibers were treated at 50 C fr 1 h t remve the plymer. Finally, the NiZn ferrite fibers were calcined at 600 C fr 3 h and annealed at 900 ~100 C in air. By tuning the viscsity f batch slutin befre electrspinning, we were able t cntrl the micrstructure f NiZn ferrite fiber in the range f 150 ~ 500 nm at 770 cp. The primary particle size in 600 C calcined ferrite fiber was abut 10 nm. The prperties f thse NiZn ferrite fibers were determined frm X-ray diffractin analysis, electrn micrscpy, energy dispersive spectrscpy, Furier transfrm infrared spectrscpy, thermal analysis, and magnetic measurement. Key wrds : Electrspinning, Ferrite nanfiber, NiZn ferrites, Multiple grain 1. 1 (One-dimensinal structure) ù j pw ƒ š w ù ñš 1)., w ù, š w» w ƒ w š. x ) ¾ w x ù w,» ù w ƒ Ö š.» w. ó š ƒw w w š, w taylr cne x., cne-jet w. 3) Crrespnding authr : Jng-Hee Nam jnam@kicet.re.kr Tel : Fax : w w ƒ ù, w, p,, p w x.» ù ~ nm ³ wš x w» 1990 z l ù w» w t š ƒwš. p ù š ù š l v p ƒ š š,,5) ù j» k k cne-jet mde k w ql xw ƒ š. 6) v ƒ Ni-Zn r p ù» wš» p w. Ni-Zn r p EMIvl w w» w ƒ š,» w r p ù 7

2 » w NiZn r p ù p 75 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram f experimental setup fr electrspinning prcess. ù t ù p š» ƒ w q. ƒ ù x w w e w.. x.1. Irn (III) chlride(fecl 3 ) N,N-Dimethylfrmamide (DMF) ƒwš g. z, nickel (II) acetate tetrahydrate ((CH 3 COO) Ni H O) zinc acetate dihydrate((ch 3 COO) Zn H O) w e w ƒw z, 3 g. w» w Plyvinyl Pyrrlidne (PVP) w. PVPƒ ³ w ƒ ü»s w» w s» j ks w... NiZn ferrite fiber p sƒ» w Fig. 1 ùkü. 10 ml» š w z w., g l (Tip t Cllectr Distance, TCD) 10 cm wš 10 kv ƒw m ml/h w w. /s w 600 C 3 w w, w C/min w w. w z 900 ~100 C ¾ z mw ù y w.» w PVPw j w ƒ d w ƒ d (500 cp w d : LVDV-II+P CP, 500 cp d : RVDV-II+PRO/Brkfield) w, v (spindle) sqx(disk type) w. ƒ» v w» w shear rate d w, ƒ y.3 sec shear rate» w d w. z ù»(tg-dta, Mdel TGA/SDTA 851E/Mettler Tled) mw p w z w. NiZn ferrite ù X- z»(xrd, X-ray diffractmeter, 311-B/Rigaku) w w, w x k y w» w Ÿ (FT-IR, Furier transfrm infrared, Vertex 80V/Bruker Optics) w. NiZn ferrite ù x x (FE-SEM, field emissin scanning electrn micrscpy, JSM 6700F/Jel) w w n x (TEM, transmissin electrn micrscpy, JEM 100/Jel) w z ql w.»p x»d»(vsm, vibrating sample magnetmeter, Mdel 7307/Lake Shre) w d w. 3. š ƒw š PVP w y ƒƒ» w xk Fig. ùkü. ³ w ƒ τ= µ(dv/dh) w l. ƒ 00 cp w (bead), ƒ ƒw ƒ w. l g 6«1y(009)

3 76 {Áû Á yá tá½ Ášk Fig.. SEM micrgraphs f fiber mrphlgy with varius viscsity f PVP/DMF slutin at.3 sec shear rate. w w w, w» x y (drplet) š t ³ x».» w w ³ w w, w. Fig. ƒ ƒw f, Huang 7) ƒ PVP š, w w» ü w» ³ wš š šw. w ƒ ùe j ƒw. w mw w» œ mw ù w ƒ w x w. ùkù PVPw 15 wt% 0 wt%, ƒƒ 770, 1717 cp. š x q w s³ ƒƒ nm 877. nm.» 100 nm ü ƒ r p ù w» w 300 ~ 700 cp w. ù mw w, Fig. 3 ùkü. w r Ni Zn Fe O t w w, z web x ù ü w š, 5 C/min 900 C¾ d w. š 100 C w vjƒ w ùkù ü w š DMF z w, 6% w. 70 ~ Fig. 3. TG-DTA curve f metal salts/pvp slutin. Fig.. XRD patterns f Ni Zn Fe O ; (a) as-spun, (b) calcined at 600 C, (c) fired at 900 C after 600 C calcinatin, (d) fired at 1000 C after 600 C calcinatin, (e) fired at 1100 C after 600 C calcinatin, (f) fired at 100 C after 600 C calcinatin. 30 C PVP wš (chain) w w vj, 560 C ùkù vj w» p» w w q. 600 C z l ƒ ù», z k 600 C w w š, y j ù w p sƒw. ƒ Fig. ùkü. X z mw NiZn r p x v wš, 1100 C z vj j»ƒ w w ùkü. š 33, 9 ùkù vj yw NiZn r p w ZnO w w wz

4 전기방사법에 의한 NiZn 페라이트 나노섬유의 제조 및 특성 연구 Fig IR spectra f fiber samples ; (a) pure PVP, (b) as-spun, (c) calcined at 600 C, (d) fired at 100 C after calcinatin at 600 C. 하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 앞서 언급하였던 XRD 패턴에서 Zn의 휘발을 뒷받침 할 수 있다. Fig. 6에서는 방사용액을 제조함에 있어서 일어나는 반 응의 유무를 판단하고, PVP의 사슬 구조와 열처리 전후 공정에서 나노섬유의 결합상태를 분석하기 위해 IR 분광 분석 실험한 결과를 나타내었다. 각 파장에서의 결합과 진동양상은 Aldrich library f FT-IR spectra에서 조사를 하 였다. Fig. 6(a, b)에서의 350 cm 파장에서 나타나는 피 크는 친수성이 강한 PVP의 내부에 미량 잔류하고 있는 DMF와 수분의 O-H stretching vibratin이며, 930 cm, 10 cm 은 각각 CH 의 asymmetric vibratin과 scissring bending vibratin이다 cm 의 파장에서 나타나는 피크는 PVP의 amide carbnyl 그룹의 C=O stretching vibratin이며, 190 cm 에서는 C-N stretching vibratin으 로 조사되었다. Fig. 6(a, b)의 IR 스펙트럼을 비교하였을 때, 첨가되어 있는 물질의 양에 따라 피크의 세기가 틀려 질 뿐이며, 특별한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 이런 결과를 바탕으로 PVP에 금속염이 첨가되었을 때 화학적 반응은 일어나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. Fig. 6(c)는 600 C에서 열 처리하여 제조된 NiZn 페라이트 나노섬유이며, 580 cm, 00 cm 는 각각 tetrahedral characteristic band와 ctahedral characteristic band로 뚜렷이 구분되어졌다. Fig. 6(d)의 100 C에서 열처리한 샘플에서는 스피넬구조의 tetrahedral site를 차지하고 있던 Zn vaprizatin으로 인하여 580 cm 의 피크가 다소 감소하였다. Fig. 7에서는 전기방사법을 이용하여 제조한 metal salts/ PVP 섬유를 여러 온도로 열처리를 하였을 때의 형상을 나타내었다. 600 C에서 얻어진 페라이트 나노섬유는 약 10 nm 내외의 multiple grain들의 집합체로 이루어져 있으 Fig. 5. EDS analysis f Ni Zn Fe O fiber samples fired at different temperatures ; (a) 600 C, (b) 100 C. 하는 (00), (110)면인 것으로 각각 판단되며, 이는 He 등 이 입증한 바 있다. ZnO 피크는 1100 C 이상의 온도에 서는 나타나지 않았으며 회절피크의 감소와 더불어 판단 해볼 때, 고온으로 인해 Zn가 휘발한다고 판단하였다. Fig. 5는 600 C에서 하소한 Ni Zn Fe O 나노 섬유와 다시 100 C에서 열처리하여 제조한 시편에 대한 EDS 분 석 결과이다. kev 부근에서 나타나는 피크는 EDS에서 시편의 상을 찾기 위해 사용한 Pt의 피크이며, 미약하게 나타나는 CKα피크는 PVP가 연소하였을 때 방생하는 잔 류 탄소와 시편을 고정하기 위한 카본 테잎의 영향이라 고 판단한다. 피크의 크기에서 볼 수 있듯이 600 C에서 하소를 한 시편의 경우 Zn가 Ni보다 훨씬 강한 것을 알 수 있으며, 이는 시편의 조성과 거의 일치하였다. 하지만 100 C에서 열처리한 시편의 경우 Zn가 눈에 띄게 감소 8) 제 6 권 제 1호(009)

5 주용휘 남중희 조정호 전명표 김병익 고태경 78 Fig. 7. SEM images f Ni Zn Fe O fibers prepared at varius firing cnditins ; (a) calcined at 600 C, (b) fired at 900 C after 600 C calcinatin, (c) fired at 1000 C after 600 C calcinatin, (d) fired at 1100 C after 600 C calcinatin, (e) fired at 100 C after 600 C calcinatin. 며, 후속 열처리 과정을 거치면서 다면체형태의 입자성장 과 일정한 방향을 가진 facet을 관찰할 수 있었다. 900 C 에서는 주로 섬유를 구성하고 있는 미립자들이 인접한 위 치의 입자간에 결합으로 성장을 하는 반면에, 1000 C의 열처리를 거친 섬유는 급격한 수축으로 인해 섬유간의 거 리가 가까워짐에 따라 섬유의 교차점에서 입자성장이 일 어나기 시작한다. 이러한 영향으로 나노 섬유는 굴곡이 심해지고 끊어지기 시작하였다. 100 C의 열처리를 거친 샘플은 섬유형태라고는 할 수 없을 만큼 변형이 심하며, hill and valley structure가 뚜렷하게 관찰되었다. Fig. 8은 600 C에서 하소한 Ni Zn Fe O 페라이트 섬유의 투과 전자 현미경 사진과 전자 회절 패턴을 나타내었다. 투과 전자현미경 사진에서 분석한 결과, 10 nm의 평균입경을 가진 입자들의 집합임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 X-선 회절 패턴과 원형 전자 회절 패턴으로 미루어 볼 때, 전기방사 법으로 제조된 NiZn 페라이트 나노섬유는 다결정 특성을 보임을 알 수 있었으며, 원형패턴들의 세기로 비교하였을 때, Fig. 에서 나타낸 X-선 회절의 패턴과 동일하였다. 이러한 형상을 가진 Ni Zn Fe O (x=0.,,, 0.8, 1.0) 나노섬유를 각각 600 C에서 하소하였을 때의 자기특 성은 Fig. 9에 나타내었다. Fig. 9(a)에 나타낸 바와 같이, x=의 조성에서 포화자화(M ) 값이 가장 높게 얻어졌 으며, 이는 조성 별로 자기 모멘트를 계산하였을 때 이론 적인 값과 유사하였다. x=0.일 때의 포화 자화 값의 계 산치는 x=일 때보다 증가한 반면, 실측 치는 급격히 감소하게 되는데 이러한 오차에 대해서 Guillaud 는 면 체자리에 Fe 가 감소함으로써 초교환상호작용이 상대적 으로 약하게 되어 반평행성이 파괴되기 때문이라고 설명 하였다. 한편, Fig. 9(b)는 포화자화 값이 가장 높은 조성 인 x=의 페라이트 섬유를 각 온도별로 열처리를 하였 을 때 포화자화(M )와 보자력(H )의 변화를 보여주고 있 다. 일반적으로 보자력에 영향을 미치는 요인은 입자의 크기, 형태, 밀도, 결정구조상 결함 등이 있다. 보자력은 온도가 증가할수록 꾸준히 감소하는 경향을 보이는데, 이 는 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 입자가 성장을 하게 됨으 로써 비표면적과 기공률이 감소하기 때문이라고 판단한 다. 그리고 입자 성장에 따라 자구(magnetic dmain)의 크 x 1 x s 9) 3+ s Fig. 8. TEM image and diffractin pattern f Ni Zn Fe O nanfiber calcined at 600 C. 한국세라믹학회지 c

6 » w NiZn r p ù p 79 Fig. 9. Magnetic prperties f NiZn ferrite fibers ; (a) M s values f NiZn ferrite with Ni cntent. (b) M s ( ù ) and H c ( þ ) values f Ni Zn Fe O fiber.»ƒ f» p lw ƒw» sy y ƒ ƒw f, 100 C w v sy y w. w x š w Zn vaprizatin w Zn lssƒ ü w w» q w. inverse spinel ferrite Zn + ey j tetrahedral site w 3+ Fe ctahedral site j w w y ƒw. 10) w, ƒ ƒw grain sizeƒ ƒw sy y ƒw, 1100 C Zn lss w NiZn ferrite Zn cntentƒ wš + Zn + 3+ Ni Fe y ù sy y w w ùkü d. wr, NiZn ferrite»³e ƒ Zn vaprizatin w w»» p w, Fig. 5 EDS ùkü +, Zn O w v jƒ x w w ew q w.. w l w w» w w z, w )ù NiZn r p(ni x Zn Fe O 1 x w p y w w.» ³ w k ù» w ƒ ƒ w, 300 ~ 700 cp 100 nm ü ƒ as-spun k w, w NiZn r p ù w w. v» w w 600 C š w 00 C û. r p ù x» (metal chlride, acetate) w w w w œ (pyrlysis prcess) w w q. 600 C w multiple grains w, 900 C ¾ w w ù, 1000 C l w ƒ e w w. 100 C w j»ƒ f x q. ƒ ƒw sy y 100 C l w Zn { w ü w w» q. z mw multiple grains j» š, ü»œ x g t, ù xk NiZn r p (multiferrics),, vl, ù w ƒ w». Acknwledgment 008» w. REFERENCES 1. Y. Xia, P. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, B. Mayer, B. Gates, Y. Yin, 6«1y(009)

7 80 {Áû Á yá tá½ Ášk F. Kim, and H. Yan, One-Dimensinal Nanstructures : Synthesis, Characterizatin, and Applicatins, Adv. Mater (003).. Dan Li and Yunan Xia, Electrspinning f Nanfibers: Reinventing the Wheel?, Adv. Mater., 16 [1] (00). 3. R. P. A. Hartman, D. J. Brunner, D. M. A. Camelt, J. C. M. Marijnissen, and B. Scarlett, Electrhydrdynamic Atmizatin in the Cne-jet Mde Physical Mdeling f the Liquid Cne and Jet, J. Aersl Sci., 30 [7] 83-9 (1999).. D. A. Allwd, Gang Xing, M. D. Cke, C. C. Faulkner, D. Atkinsn, N. Vernier, and R. P. Cwburn, Submicrmeter Ferrmagnetic NOT gate and Shift Register, Science, (00). 5. S. A. Wlf, D. D. Awschalm, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughtn, S. Vn Mlnar, M. L. Rukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanva, and D. M. Treger, Spintrnics: A Spin-Based Electrnics Visin fr the Future, Science, (001). 6. J. H. Yu, S. Y. Kim, and J. Hwang, Effect f Viscsity f Silver Nanparticle Suspensin n Cnductive Line Patterned by Electrhydrdynamic Jet Printing, Appl. Phys. A, (007). 7. Z. M. Huang, Y. Z. Zhang, M. Ktaki, and S. Ramakrishna, A Review n Plymer Nanfibers by Electrspinning and Their Applicatins in Nancmpsites, Cmpsites Science and Technlgy, (003). 8. Xinhua He, Gusheng Sng, and Jianhng Zhu, Nn-stichimetric NiZn Ferrite by Sl-gel Prcessing, Mater. Lett., (005). 9. C. Guillaud, The Prperties f Manganese-zinc Ferrites and the Physical Prcesses Gverning Them, Prc. IEEE, (1957). 10. S. Chikazumi, Physics f Ferrmagnetism( nd ed.), pp , Oxfrd University Press Inc., chapter 9, w wz

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