응용곤충51권4호

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1 Original article KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 한국응용곤충학회지 c The Korean Society of Applied Entomology Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51(4): (2012) pissn , eissn DOI: 미토콘드리아 COI 영역의뉴클레오티드서열차이를이용한팥나방과어리팥나방의 PCR 판별법 서보윤ㆍ정진교 * ㆍ조점래 1 ㆍ김용균 2 ㆍ박창규 1 농촌진흥청국립식량과학원, 1 농촌진흥청국립농업과학원, 2 국립안동대학교생명자원과학부식물의학전공 A PCR Method to Distinguish Matsumuraeses phaseoli from M. falcana Based on the Difference of Nucleotide Sequence in the Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Bo Yoon Seo, Jin Kyo Jung*, Jum Rae Cho 1, Yonggyun Kim 2 and Chang Gyu Park 1 National Institute of Crop Science, Seodun-dong, Suwon , Rep. Korea 1 National Academy of Agricultural Science, Seodun-dong, Suwon , Rep. Korea 2 Major in Plant Medicine, School of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong , Rep. Korea ABSTRACT: The two closely related major leguminous crop pests in Korea, Matsumuraeses phaseoli and M. falcana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) have very similar morphological characters, which occasionally give rise to a failure in distinguishing between the two. In this study, we report an easy PCR-SSP method to distinguish between them, with a sequence specific primer set (P-SF2, F-SF3, and C-SR3) based on single nucleotide mismatch in 3ʹ terminal base of a primer, which is found in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA (mtcoi). Through application of this method, each species may be clearly identified in terms of its PCR band size and pattern, only one band (245 bp) for M. falcana and one (409 bp) or two bands (409 bp & 245 bp) for M. phaseoli. Key words: Matsumuraeses phaseoli, M. falcana, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtcoi), PCR-SSP 초록 : 콩과 (Fabaceae) 작물해충인팥나방 (Matsumuraeses phaseoli) 과어리팥나방 (M. falcana) ( 나비목 : 잎말이나방과 ) 은형태적으로매우유사하여종구별이힘든것으로알려져있다. 본연구에서는 PCR-SSP(PCR with Sequence Specific Primers) 방법으로두종을빠르고정확하게구별할수있는판별법을찾고자두종의미토콘드리아시토크롬옥시다제 I(mtCOI) DNA 부분영역 (439 bp) 의염기서열을해독하였다. 그리고다른나방종의 mtcoi 염기서열과함께나열하여비교한후팥나방과어리팥나방에서종특이적으로차이가나는단일뉴클레오티드를프라이머의 3ʹ 말단으로하는염기서열특이프라이머조합을만들었다. PCR 산물들을전기영동한결과, 어리팥나방은 245 bp, 팥나방은 409 bp 와 245 bp 의특이적밴드패턴을보여두종을구별할수있었다. 검색어 : 팥나방, 어리팥나방, 미토콘드리아시토크롬옥시다제 I (mtcoi), PCR-SSP 팥나방 (Matsumuraeses phaseoli) 과어리팥나방 (M. falcana) 은잎말이나방과 (Tortricidae) 에속하는데, 국내에는현재까지같은속에이두종만이기록되어있다. 특히어리팥나방은팥나방의성페로몬을연구하는과정 (Cho et al., 2007; Yum, *Corresponding author: jungjk@korea.kr Received June ; Revised September Accepted September ) 에서성페로몬트랩에포획된개체들중에발견되어최근기록되었다 (Byun et al., 2005). 이들은유충이콩과 (Fabaceae) 작물의어린잎을말고그안에서섭식을하거나줄기속또는생식생장기에는꼬투리안으로들어가피해를주는것으로알려져있다 (Park et al., 1978). 국내에서팥나방은유충이팥생식기관을주로가해하는것으로관찰되었고 (Jung et al., 2009), 어리팥나방은콩의어린순을가해하는것이관찰되었다 (Heo The Korean Society of Applied Entomology (KSAE) retains the exclusive copyright to reproduce and distribute for all KSAE publications. The journal follows 365an open access policy.

2 Table 1. PCR primer sets used to amplify mtcoi region of M. falcana and M. phaseoli Primer set 1 2 Primer name D* Sequence (5-3 ) C1-J-1751 F GGATCACCTGATATAGCATTCCC C1-N-2191 R CCCGGTAAAATTAAAATATAAACTTC P-SF2 F AAATAATATAAGATTTTGAC F-SF3 F TAGCTGGAATTTCATCTATC C-SR3 R GATGTTGATAAAGAATAGGG Annealing temp. Length of PCR product bp 46.2 M. falcana: 245 bp M. phaseoli: 409 bp * D (Direction of transcription), F (forward primer), R (reverse primer) et al., 2009). 두종은형태적으로매우유사하여유충과암컷은구별할수있는검색키가없으며수컷의경우에내부생식기인파악기의형태적차이 (Byun et al., 2005) 로동정하고있으나그차이가뚜렷하게드러나지않는경우가종종있어왔다 (Jung, J.K., unpublished observation). 또두종에대해보고된성페로몬조성들 (Cho et al., 2007; Yum, 2010) 을이용하여야외에서성충을포획하고파악기의형태적특징만으로구별할때, 한종의성페로몬트랩에두종이한꺼번에포획되는현상이발견되어 (Jung, J.K., unpublished observation) 형태적특징하나만을이용한종동정에불완전성을보였다. 따라서형태동정의오류를극복하고자, 미토콘드리아시토크롬옥시다제 (mtcoi) DNA영역의염기서열을판독하고 PCR-RFLP 방법으로두종이유전자수준에서차이를보이는것을뚜렷하게밝혀두종을구분할수있는분자판별도구를마련하였다 (Heo et al., 2009). 그러나그보고에서 mtcoi DNA 염기서열판독에오류가발견되었는데, 본연구에서는그오류를수정하고, 정확한염기서열에근거하여두종 mtcoi DNA 주형과프라이머 3ʹ 말단염기서열차이 (mismatch) 에따른 PCR 반응효과를이용한간단한 PCR-SSP (Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence Specific Primer) 방법 (Kwok et al., 1990; Steffensen et al., 2000) 으로대량의샘플을빠르게동정할수있는분자표지를개발하여보고한다. 재료및방법미토콘드리아시토크롬옥시다제 (mtcoi) DNA 부분영역염기서열해독 팥나방은 2004년경기도수원시팥포장에서, 어리팥나방은 2008년전라남도무안군콩포장에서채집되어실내에서누대사육되었다. 각종의수컷성충으로부터 G-spin TM Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (For Cell/Tissue) (intron Biotechnology, Inc) 를이용하여제조사의방법에따라순수하게게놈 DNA를추출하였다. mtcoi DNA 영역부분염기서열해독을위해각각의게놈 DNA를주형으로보존형 PCR 프라이머인, C1-J -1751과 C1-N-2191 (Table 1) (Simon et al., 1994) 를이용하여 PCR 반응을시켰다. PCR 반응은 AccuPower PCR PreMix (( 주 ) 바이오니아 ) 튜브에게놈 DNA 주형 1 μl, 두종의프라이머각각 10 pmol 1 μl씩넣고고압멸균된 3차증류수를 17 μl를넣어최종 20 μl를만들고잘섞어 Heo et al.(2009) 의반응시간조건을이용하였다. 증폭된 PCR 산물은 1x TAE 버퍼와 1% 아가로스겔 (SeaKem LE Agarose, Lonza) 을이용하여 100V로 30분간전기영동시켜약 500 bp 사이즈의단일밴드를확인하였다. 단일밴드는다시 1% 아가로스겔로부터 QIAquick gel extraction kit (QIAGEN) 를이용하여순수하게회수하였다. 순수분리된 PCR 산물을주형으로 ( 주 ) 마크로젠 ( 서울 ) 에의뢰하여팥나방과어리팥나방의 mtcoi DNA 영역부분염기서열 439 bp를해독하였으며각각의염기서열을 GenBank에등록하였다 ( 어리팥나방 : JN , 팥나방 : JN ). 종특이 PCR 프라이머제작 MegAlign (DNAStar, USA) 프로그램을이용하여팥나방과어리팥나방의 mtcoi 439 bp를잎말이나방과 (Tortricidae) 의코드링나방 (Cydia pomonella), 복숭아순나방붙이 (Grapholita dimorpha), 복숭아순나방 (Grapholita molesta) 과밤나방과 (Noctuidae) 의멸강나방 (Mythimna separata), 왕담배나방 (Helicoverpa armigera) 의같은영역의염기서열과함께 Clustal W방법으로나열하고비교하였다 (Fig. 1). 이비교에서다른나방들과다르면서팥나방과어리팥나방사이에만특이적으로차이가나는뉴클레오티드를찾았다. 해당부분을 forward 프라이머의 3ʹ 말단염기로하여 Gene Runner 3.01 프로그램 (by Spruyt and Buquicchio) 을이용하여 PCR 프라이머 366 Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51(4): 365~370 (2012)

3 조합을검색하였다. 3ʹ 말단염기가팥나방과어리팥나방에서는모두일치하지만다른나방종과는차이가나는곳을찾아 reverse 프라이머를설계하였다. 따라서팥나방과어리팥나방종특이적 forward 프라이머각각 1개 (P-SF2, F-SF3) 와 reverse 프라이머 1개 (C-SR3) 로구성된염기서열특이 PCR 프라이머세트 (PCR-sequence specific primer, PCR-SSP) (Table 1) 를 ( 주 ) 마크로젠에의뢰하여합성하였다. 종판별을위한 PCR 반응및전기영동본연구에서설계한종특이 PCR 프라이머세트 (P-SF2, F-SF3, C-SR3) 를이용하여팥나방과어리팥나방판별가능성을확인하기위해팥나방과어리팥나방의수컷성충머리와가슴부위로부터순수하게추출된게놈 DNA를주형으로 PCR 반응을수행하였다. 그리고동일프라이머세트를이용하여멸강나방과왕담배나방의게놈 DNA를주형으로 PCR 반응을하여예상대로팥나방과어리팥나방에서만특이적으로작동하는지확인하였다. 또한실제로수원의야외포장에서팥나방과어리 팥나방성페로몬트랩에포획된수컷성충의종판별가능성을검토하였다. PCR 반응은게놈 DNA 1 μl, 두종류의 PCR 프라이머 (10 pmol) 각각 1 μl씩총 3 μl와고압멸균 3차증류수 16 μl를 AccuPower PCR PreMix (( 주 ) 바이오니아 ) 튜브에첨가하고잘섞어준후 MJ Mini 48-Well Personal Thermal Cycler (BIO-RAD) 를이용하여다음과같이수행하였다. 95 5분간반응시킨후 95 30초 (denaturation), 초 (Primer annealing), 72 30초 (Primer extension) 순서로 34회반복하고 72 에서 10분간반응시켰다. PCR 결과를확인하기위해 1% 아가로스겔 (SeaKem LE Agarose, Lonza) 을준비하고 PCR 산물을 2 μl씩로딩하여 1x TAE 버퍼에서 100 V로 30분간전기영동시켰다. 결과및고찰 mtcoi DNA 부분영역염기서열비교 팥나방과어리팥나방 mtcoi 439 bp 의염기서열을비교한 Fig. 1. Alignment of mtcoi DNA sequence (439 bp) of seven different lepidopteran species (five from Tortricidae and two from Noctuidae) and deduced amino acid sequence for M. falcana and M. phaseoli (dotted line box). A sequence specific PCR primer set (P-SF2, F-SF3, and C-SR3) to distinguish M. falcana from M. phaseoli is shown by arrow lines (5ʹ to 3ʹ direction) below each target template sequence. Red boxes show one different nucleotide in 3ʹ terminal of primers to specifically identify M. falcana and M. phaseoli. Nucleotides with black background indicate different sequences between M. falcana and M. phaseoli. A dot ( ) shows identity with sequence of M. falcana. Gray box indicates a cleavage site (GTAC) by the restriction enzyme, RsaI (Heo et al., 2009). * GenBank accession number: C. pomonella(cydia pomonella; FJ ), G. dimorpha (Grapholita dimorpha; JQ ), G. molesta (Grapholita molesta; FJ ), H. armigera-44, 45 (Helicoverpa armigera; Seo, B.Y. et al., unpublished observation), M. separata-1, 2 (Mythimna separata; Seo, B.Y. et al., unpublished observation) 팥나방과어리팥나방의 PCR 판별 367

4 Fig. 1. Continued 결과, 23개의단일뉴클레오티드에서차이가관찰되었으며그중 22개는코돈 (codon) 의세번째염기가, 나머지 1개는첫번째염기가치환되었으나해당 DNA 염기서열로부터도출된아미노산서열은두나방사이에 100% 일치하였다 (Fig. 1). 또한 Heo et al.(2009) 이보고한바와달리서로결실된뉴클레오티드가없어두나방사이해당유전자의크기변이는관찰되지않았다 (Fig. 1). 팥나방과어리팥나방의종구분을위해 Heo et al.(2009) 에의해보고된 PCR-RFLP 방법에서제한효소 RsaI 의절단영역인 GTAC(Fig. 1, 회색박스 ) 염기서열은팥나방과복숭아순나방붙이에서확인되었다. 따라서종특이성을높이기위해보존형 PCR 프라이머보다는종특이프라이머를통한 PCR 산물에제한효소를처리하는방법이근연종판별을위해더욱정확성을높일수있을것으로판단되었다. 368 Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51(4): 365~370 (2012)

5 Fig. 2. Agarose gel electrophoresis (1%) of DNA fragment after PCR amplification with the sequence specific primer set (P-SF2, F-SF3, and C-SR3) from the individual genomic DNA of M. falcana (lane 1-4), M. phaseoli(lane 7-10), Mythimna separata (lane 6 and 12), and Helicoverpa armigera (lane 5 and 11) * M indicates a 100 bp ladder plus molecular size marker (Bioneer) 팥나방과어리팥나방판별 PCR-SSP Fig. 3. Example of species identification with the sequence specific PCR primer set (P-SF2, F-SF3, and C-SR3) between M. falcana male (F) and M. phaseoli male (P) captured by respective sex pheromone traps in the field. A: Target species of sex pheromone trap B: Species identification based on the result of PCR-SSP * M indicates a 100 bp ladder molecular size marker (Bioneer) 본연구에서설계한종특이 PCR 프라이머세트 (P-SF2, F-SF3, C-SR3) 를이용하여팥나방과어리팥나방의게놈 DNA 를주형으로 PCR 반응을시킨결과예상대로어리팥나방에서 245 bp 사이즈의단일증폭산물이특이적으로나타났다 (Fig. 2). 그런데팥나방의경우, 예상했던 409 bp의단일증폭산물은 4개체의팥나방게놈 DNA로부터모두나타났으나, 어리팥나방에서나왔던 245 bp의단일증폭산물은 3개체에서 409 bp 밴드보다약하거나동일한수준으로함께나타났다 (Fig. 2). 이러한결과는팥나방특이 forward 프라이머인 P-SF2가어리팥나방게놈 DNA 주형에는분명하게작동되지않았지만, 어리팥나방의특이 forward 프라이머인 F-SF3가팥나방게놈 DNA 주형에서는어느정도작동될수있음을보여주었다. 이는 Kwok et al.(1990) 의결과와고찰에서처럼같은 DNA 주형이라도프라이머 3ʹ 말단염기와 DNA 주형의염기종류조합차이와 dntp 농도와 DNA polymerase의 5ʹ 3ʹ exonuclease 활성, 프라이머 annealing 온도등반응성분및조건등에따라상대적 PCR 증폭효율이다를수있기때문으로추정된다. 그러나왕담배나방과멸강나방게놈 DNA에서는예상대로증폭산물이나오지않았으며팥나방과어리팥나방의 PCR 증폭산물의밴드패턴을통해서두종을구별하는데어려움은없을것으로판단된다 (Fig. 2). 다만, 현재까지무안에서채집된어리팥나방과수원에서채집된팥나방집단의 mtcoi DNA 염기서열 (439 bp) 에서는개체변이가관찰되지않았고이를토대로제작한종특이프라이머세트를이용하여종판별이가능하였으나, 만일해당프라이머영역의 3ʹ 말단염기에서개체변이가있을경우본연구에서개발된프라이머세트가오류를범할수있어추가로보완된마커개발이필요할것으로사료된다. 한편, 실제야외에서발생하는팥나방과어리팥나방샘플에서도종특이 PCR 프라이머세트가잘작동하는지확인하기위하여수원지역에설치된팥나방 (Yum, 2010) 과어리팥나방 (Cho et al., 2007) 성페로몬트랩에서포획된팥나방과어리팥나방수컷의게놈 DNA를주형으로본연구에서제작한종특이 PCR 프라이머세트를이용하여 PCR 반응을시킨결과, 팥나방과어리팥나방을분명하게구별할수있도록 245 bp와 409 bp의단일증폭밴드가나왔다 (Fig. 3). 또한팥나방성페로몬트랩에어리팥나방수컷성충들이포획된것을확인할수있었다 (Fig. 3). 팥나방과어리팥나방은형태적으로구별하기어렵고야외포장의성페로몬트랩에두종이한꺼번에포획되기때문에 (Yum, 2010; Jung, J.K. et al., unpublished observation) 본연구에서제작된 PCR 프라이머세트가팥나방과어리팥나방을구분하여각종의피해및발생생태를연구하는데매우유용하게사용될것으로기대한다. 사사 근연종의미토콘드리아유전자염기서열에관해귀중한조언을해준국립농업과학원의박해철박사와한태만씨에게감사드린다. 본연구는농촌진흥청기관고유사업 ( 과제번호 : PJ008692) 의지원으로수행한결과입니다. Literature Cited Byun, B-.K., Park, K-.T., Park, Y-.M., Review of Genus Matsumuraeses Issiki (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) with discovery of 팥나방과어리팥나방의 PCR 판별 369

6 M. falcana (Walsingham) in Korea. J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 8, Cho, J.R., Choi, K.S., Jung, J.K., Park, J.H., Seo, B.Y., Development of sex pheromone trap for monitoring Matsumuraeses falcana (Walshingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 10, Heo, H.J., Son, Y.R., Seo, B.Y., Jung, J.K., Kim, Y.G., A molecular marker discriminating the soybean podworm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli and the podborer, M. falcana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 48, Jung, J.K., Seo, B.Y., Cho, J-.R., Kwon, Y-.H., Kim, G-.H., Occurrence of lepidopteran insect pests and injury aspects in adzuki bean fields. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 48, Kwok, S., Kellogg, D.E., McKinney, N., Spasic, D., Goda, L., Levenson, C., Sninsky, J.J., Effects of primer-template mismatches on the polymerase chain reaction: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 model studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 18, Park, K.T., Hwang, C.Y., Choi, K.M., Lepidopterous insect pests on soybean. Kor. J. Pl. Prot. 17, 1-5. Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., Flook, P., Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87, Steffensen, R., Thiel, S., Varming, K., Jersild, C., Jensenius, J.C., Detection of structural gene mutations and promoter polymorphisms in the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) gene by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. J. Immunol. Methods 241, Yum, K.H., Identification of sex pheromone of the soybean podworm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), MS Thesis, Chungnam National University, Daejeon. 370 Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51(4): 365~370 (2012)

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