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2 BUP JO (Korean Lawyers Association Journal) October 2005 CONTENTS Volume 589 Articles Objektiver Gehalt des objektiven T atbestandes der Unterschlagung S eong, N ak -Hy on / 19 A legal analysis on the exclusion clause of employee' s accident in the course of employment in the automobile insurance policy Park, S e-m in / 47 New Media Emerge and the Legal Response : Review on the Case Law of the United States H ahm, S eok - Cheon / 82 Progress, but Blind?: International T rade, Human Rights and Multi- national Corporation K im, K i- Y oung / 124 A Study about Denial of Unfair T ran saction and A ccounting in Korean T ax Law K im, J ung - Gon / 163 Comparative Study T he New Regulation on the T raffic Crimes in Japan and it ' s Implications to our Legal System S onn, K i- S ik / 188 Analyses on Court Decision In re Double Insurances, Public Order and Good Morals J oo, K i-d ong / 212 Legal Practice Study T he trend of the judicial precedent on the right to a view L ee, D ong - W on / 236

3 ,,,,,, Unterschlagung, rechtswidrige Zueignungsabsicht, Delikt mit überschießender Innentendenz, Schutzgut der Unterschlagung, Vollendung der Unterschlagung, Eigentumsrecht, Manifestationstheorie * : * : * :

4 : (Aneignung) ). 1), 6,, 2004, 370 ;,,, 2003, 427.,,,, 2002, (Vo l )

5 .. (Wegnahme)

6 ... (se ut dominum gerere).. 2). 3),.... 2) SK- Samson, Strafrecht II, 5. Aufl., 1985, S. 90 f. 3) Maurach-Schroeder-Maiwald, Strafrecht BT Bd. I, 8. Aufl., 1995, 34 Rdnr (Vo l )

7 ) 5)... 6) (animus rem sibi habendi) 4),, 5,, 2004, ;,,, 2003, 427 ; Bockelmann, ZStW 1953, 588 ff; Gribbohm, JuS 1963, 106; Schönke- Schröder- Eser, 26. Aufl., 2001, 246 Rdnr. 11; Maurach- Schroeder- Maiwald, Strafrecht BT Bd. I, 34 Rdnr. 24 (indizielle Publizität). 5) , ;, ( ),,. 6) Schmidhäuser, Strafrecht BT, 2. Aufl., 1983, 8/40; FS- Bruns, 1978, S

8 (factum)... 7)...,. 8) ) Schmidhäuser, a.a.o. 8) Jakobs, GS- Arm. Kaufmann, S (Vo l )

9 . 9)..... ( ).. 10) ) Jakobs, a.a.o. 10) Jakobs, ZStW 1985,

10 . 11) Kohlrust. 12) 13) Eckstein.,... 14). 11) Eckstein, GS 1913, 293 ff; Höpfner, Diebstahl und Unterschlagung im Vorentwurf zu einem Deutschen Strafgesetzbuch, 1910, S. 124; Krebs, Ü ber den Begriff der Zueignung bei Diebstahl und Unterschlagung ( 242, 246 RStGB), 1915, S. 38, ) Kohlrust, Zueignung und Zueignungshandlung in 246 StGB, 1953, S. 76 ff ) Gleispach, Die Veruntreuung an vertretbaren Sachen, 1. T eil, 1905, ) Eckstein, GS 1913, 297 f (Vo l )

11 .. (animus dominandi),,,. 15) (cogitationis poenam nemo patitur). 16) ) 18).. 19) 15) Eckstein, a.a.o., S. 308, Eckstein. Kohlrust, a.a.o., S ) Gleispach, a.a.o., S. 36; Schneider-Freyermuth, Der Begriff der Zueignung bei Diebstahl und Unterschlagung, 1955, S ) 929 :.. 18) Krebs, a.a.o., S ) Eckstein, a.a.o., S

12 Höpfner (cogitationis poenam nemo patitur). 20). (1) (Tatstrafrecht). 21).. 22). 23). (2). 24) 20) Höpfner, Diebstahl und Unterschlagung im Vorentwurf zu einem deutschen Strafgesetzbuch, 1910, S ) Schönke- Schröder- Lenckner, 26. Aufl., 2001, Vorbem. 13 ff. Rdnr. 23/ ) Jescheck-Weigend, Lehrbuch des Strafrechts AT, 5. Aufl., 1996, 21 II 2. 23) Schönke- Schröder- Lenckner, a.a.o., Rndr (Vo l )

13 )... 24) Eckstein, GS 1913, ) Jescheck-Weigend, a.a.o., 21 II 3. 29

14 26) ) (3) (cogitationis poenam nemo patitur).. 28). 29) ) Eckstein, a.a.o., S ) Paulus, Der strafrechtliche Begriff der Sachzueignung, 1968, S ) Otto, Die Struktur des strafrechtlichen Vermögensschutzes, 1970, S. 109; Paulus, Der strafrechtliche Begriff der Sachzueignung, 1968, S ) Gleispach, a.a.o., S. 41 ff (Vo l )

15 ... 30) (De likt mit übe rs c hie ße nde r Inne nte nde nz ). 30) Schönke-Schröder-Eser, 26. Aufl., 2001, 246 Rdnr. 11; SK-Samson, 4. Aufl., 1990, 246 Rdnr. 30; Otto, a.a.o., S

16 .,... 31) 2... ( ). 32). 31), 5,, 2003, 495 ;, 4,, 2002, 388 ;,,, 1999, 418 ;,,, 2002, 399 ;,,, 2003, 428., 5,, 2004, 20-38;, 6,, 2004, 375 ;,,, 2003, ),, 402 ;,, 20-1; , ; , (Vo l )

17 . 33) 3. 34).. 35). 33),, 346 ;,, 477 ;,,, 2002, ) (Unternehmensdelikt) ) Jakobs, ZStW 1985,

18 . 4. :.. 36).. 37). 359., ),, 346 ;,, 556 ;,, ),, ;,, 494 ;, (Vo l )

19 .. 1. (cogitationis poenam nemo patitur). (Manifestationstheorie). 38) ) 38) Bockelmann, ZStW 1953, 588; Maurach- Schroeder- Maiwald, BT Bd. I, 8. Aufl., 1995, 34 Rdnr. 24; Lackner/ Kühl, 23. Aufl., 1999, 246 Rdnr. 4; LK-Ruß, 11. Aufl., 1994, 246 Rdnr. 13; RGSt 63, 378; 65, 147; 67, 73; BGHSt 14, 41 f. 39). 35

20 . 40).. 41) 42).. 9, ) T enckhoff, JuS 1984, 780; Schönke- Schröder- Eser, 26. Aufl., 2001, 246 Rdnr ) Maurach-Schroeder-Maiwald, BT Bd. I, 8. Aufl., 1995, 34 Rdnr. 27 f. 42) Bockelmann, JZ 1960, 622; Maurach- Schroeder- Maiwald, a.a.o (Vo l )

21 ,,.. 43), ) 43) BGHSt 9, 349 f; 24, 120 ff. 37

22 .. (person) ). 46).. 47). 44) ) Cramer, Vermögensbegriff und Vermögensschaden im Strafrecht, 1968, S ) Rheineck, Zueignungsdelikte und Eigentümerinteresse, 1979, S ) Rheineck, a.a.o., S (Vo l )

23 . (Person). Lampe. 48)... 49). 50). 51) (Affektionsinteresse). 52). 48) Lampe, Eigentumsschutz im künftigen Strafrecht, in: Strafrechtsdogmatik und Kriminalpolitik, 1971, S ) Husserl, Rechtssubjekt und Rechtsperson, in: Recht und Welt, 1964, S. 42 f. 50) Radbruch, Rechtsphilosophie, 6. Aufl., 1963, S ) Otto, Die Struktur des strafrechtlichen Vermögensschutzes, 1970, S ). 39

24 . 53) ). ( )... 53) Sax, Bemerkungen zum Eigentum als strafrechtlichem Schutzgut, FS- Laufke, 1971, S ) Otto, Die Struktur des strafrechtlichen Vermögensschutzes, 1970, S (Vo l )

25 .. 55) 3. (Ane ig nung).. (Aneignung) (Enteignung).. 55) Maurach- Schroeder- Maiwald, Strafrecht BT Bd. I, 8. Aufl., 1995, 32 Rdnr

26 Maiwald.. 56) (Enteignung) 56) Maiwald, Der Zueignungsbegriff im System der Eigentumsdelikte, 1970, S (Vo l )

27 ... 57).. Maiwald.. Maiwald.. 58) ) KG Berlin, GA 1972, 277 f; LK- Heimann/ Trosien, 9. Aufl., 246 Rdnr ) Maurach- Schroeder- Maiwald, Strafrecht BT. Bd. I, 34 Rdnr. 29; OLG Hamm, JR 1952,

28 ..... ( ) (Vo l )

29 in dubio pro reo. 59) 1., 6,, 2004, 4,, 2002, 5,, 2003,,, 2003,,, 2002,,, 1999, 5,, 2004,,, : Bockelmann, Literaturbericht, Strafrecht Besonderer Teil, ZStW 1953, 588 ff. Cramer, Vermögensbegriff und Vermögensschaden im Strafrecht, 1968 Eckstein, Ü ber den Begriff der strafrechtlichen Zueignung, GS 1913, 283 ff. Gleispach, Die Veruntreuung an vertretbaren Sachen, 1. Teil, 1905 Gribbohm, Zur Problematik dee Zueignungsbegriffs - BGHSt 9, 348, JuS 1963, 106 ff. 59) ;, 45

30 Höpfner, Diebstahl und Unterschlagung im Vorentwurf zu einem Deutschen Strafgesetzbuch, 1910 Husserl, Rechtssubjekt und Rechtsperson, in: Recht und Welt, 1964 Jakobs, Tätervorstellung und objektive Zurechnung, GS-Arm. Kaufmann 1989 Jescheck-Weigend, Lehrbuch des Strafrechts AT, 5. Aufl., 1996 Kohlrust, Zueignung und Zueignungshandlung in 246 StGB, 1953 Krebs, Ü ber den Begriff der Zueignung bei Diebstahl und Unterschlagung ( 242, 246 RStGB), 1915 Lampe, Eigentumsschutz im künftigen Strafrecht, in: Strafrechtsdogmatik und Kriminalpolitik, 1971 Lackner/ Kühl, StGB, 23. Aufl., 1999 Leipziger Kommentar, 11. Aufl., 1994 Maiwald, Der Zueignungsbegriff im System der Eigentumsdelikte, 1970 Maurach-Schroeder-Maiwald, Strafrecht BT Bd. I, 8. Aufl., 1995 Otto, Die Struktur des strafrechtlichen Vermögensschutzes, 1970 Paulus, Der strafrechtliche Begriff der Sachzueignung, 1968 Radbruch, Rechtsphilosophie, 6. Aufl., 1963 Rheineck, Zueignungsdelikte und Eigentümerinteresse, 1979 Sax, Bemerkungen zum Eigentum als strafrechtlichem Schutzgut,FS -Faufke, 1971 Schmidhäuser, Strafrecht BT, 2. Aufl., 1983 Schneider-Freyermuth, Der Begriff der Zueignung bei Diebstahl und Unterschlagung, 1955, S. 49. Schönke-Schröder, StGB, 26. Aufl., 2001 SK-Samson, Strafrecht II, 5. Aufl., 1985 Tenckhoff, Die Unterschlagung, JuS 1984, 775 ff (Vo l )

31 II,,., II , II,,,,, Third party liability insurance II, Exclusion clauses of employee's accident in the course of employment, Exclusions, Exceptions, Workmen's Compensation Insurance, Employer's liability insurance * : * : * :

32 .... II II..., (Vo l )

33 . (exceptions) (exclusions).,. 1),..,.,... 1) Robert Keeton & Alan Widiss, Insurance Law, (Student Edition, 1988), West Publishing Co

34 ,.,.. 2)... 3) 2) , ) (Vo l )

35 .,. 4). 4 1,. 5) ( ) ( ) 6)., 4), , ; , ) , ; , ; , ; , ; , ;,,, , ) ,

36 .,... 7),,,,,. 7) , (Vo l )

37 ,. 8)..,,,. 9) 3 10) 8) , ) 81 10) 3 ( ) ,, 53

38 ....,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (Vo l )

39 .... II ) 11) , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; ,

40 ..,. ( ).. II , (Vo l )

41 .,,, ) ),, 4, (1991.7), ;,, IV, (1994.1),

42 , 3, ) ( ),. 14) 13) , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; , ( ) 14) , (Vo l )

43 . 15),, , 15) ,

44 . 16) 3. II II ,. (Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977), 16) , ; , ; , ( ) , ( );,, I,, (1995), (Vo l )

45 . 17).,. 18).. 17),,, , ) , ; , ; , ; , ; , ; ,

46 . 19), II. 20)., ),,, , 39 ;,,, , 2048, 11 ;,, , 6 20),, ;,, 1986, , (Vo l )

47 .,. (Business Auto Coverage Form) 2 B. (Part A-Liability coverage Exclusions). 21) Allstate Property and Casualty Insurance Company (Exclusions - What is not covered) (bodily injury to an employee of any insured person arising in the course of employment.). 22) 23). 21) Business Auto Coverage Form, Section II. Liability Coverage B. Exclusions : This insurance does not apply to any of the following: 4. Employee indemnification and Employer 's Liability Bodily injury to: a. An employee of the insured arising out of and in the course of employment by the insured or...; Personal Auto Policy Part A- Liability Coverage Exclusions A. We do not provide Liability Coverage for any person: 4. for bodily injury to an employee of the person during the course of employment. This exclusion does not apply to bodily injury to an domestic employee unless worker 's compensation benefits are required or available for that domestic employee. 22) Motor Cycle Policy: Exceptions to Clauses II. The company will not pay 3. in respect of death of or bodily injury to any person arising out of an in the course of such person 's employment by the Insured Person on whose behalf payment is claimed. 23) BAP 1 6, SAP 1 10, PAP

48 , , ), ). II.. 24) , ),, (Vo l )

49 (1)..,. 26)..,. 26),, 1957 (1990.8), 11 65

50 . II..,. 27) ) 27).,, 31, 3 4 ( ), 268 ;,, ),, 4, (1991.6), 58 ;,, XIII,, (Vo l )

51 ,..,., )

52 . (2).. 30) ),, II, (1996), ),, (Vo l )

53 ,,., II % 69

54 , ) (3).. 31) (Vo l )

55 ,. 32) ) Exclusions 32),,, ;,, , ),,

56 , Exceptions. II ( )., (4). II. 34),,. 34),,, (Vo l )

57 (5) II II

58 .., II. 35) II ( 3 ). II ) , (Vo l )

59 (6)... 36),, 36) , ; ; , ;,,, ,

60 .. 37) (7) ). 37),,, ) , ; , (Vo l )

61 . 39).,. II... (prudent insurer) (prudent insured).. 39) ,

62 , 3 3, ) , 40) , (Vo l )

63 ...., II ,

64 ,,, 2004,,, 2003,,, 2002,,, 2001,,, 2000, ( ),, 2005, ( ),, 2002, ( ),, 2000 Robert Keeton & Alan Widiss, Insurance Law, West Publishing Co. Edition, 1988) (Student,,, ( ),, 4,, ( ),, I V,, ( ),, I,,, (1995),,, ( ),,, ( ),,, 2048 ( ) (Vo l )

65 ,, ( ),, (1986),,, 1957 ( ),,, 31, 3 4 ( ),, 4,,, ( ),, XIII,, (1997),, II,, (1996),,, ( ) 81

66 - -.,,. peer-to-peer. (Videocassette Recoder, VCR). MP3, P2P. (contributory liability) (vicarious liability) 3 (third party liability), 3. /. 2. (inducement rule).. P2P (Vo l )

67 ,, 3,, 2,,,,,, contributory liability, vicarious liability, third party liability, inducement rule, secondary liability, fair use, staple article of commerce doctrine, peer-to-peer * : * : * : (Fair Use): 2. 3 (Third-party Liability). 1. VCR 2. VCR 3. Napster Grokster/Streamcast Video Killed the Radio Star The Buggles. MTV ,.. 83

68 ,... P2P. (common law) (contributory liability) (vicarious liability). (fair use) MP3, P2P..... (1),., (Vo l )

69 . MP3.,... (Videocassette Recoder, VCR, Video T ape Recorder, VTR).,, Universal City Studios.,. P2P.,,. ( ). (2),,. (time- sifting), 85

70 ,. (, public domain).,,.... P2P ( )., MP3 P2P. (contributory liability) (vicarious liability) 3. (fair use), (Vo l )

71 . 1. (Fa ir Us e ) : (1) ),.,.,.,... ( ) ( ).. (staple article of commerce) 1) 1) Staple article of commerce [a staple article... of commerce suitable for substantial noninfringing use] 271 (c). 87

72 .....,.. ).. 2) (fair use). (fair use) case law.,, (fair use),... 2) 6, (the Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, ) 9 2, (the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Including Trade in Counterfeit Goods, TRIPs) (Vo l )

73 case law, (fair use). 3) (fair use) (defense). (fair use). (2) Folsom v. Marsh 4) (fair use) 18 (fair abridgement). Folsom v. Marsh. Folsom v. Marsh 1,, 11 ( 7,000 ), ) (a justifiable use of the 3) [F]air use analysis must always be tailored to the individual case, Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises, 471 U.S. 539, 552 (1985). 4) Folsom v. Marsh, 9 F. Cas. 342 (C.C.D. Mass. 1841). 5), 2, 2. (fair use),,. 89

74 original materials) (the nature and objects of the selections made), (the quantity and value of the materials used),,. 6),, (fair use). (fair use), 7) ) (fair use) (fair use). 6) Folsom, at ) (fair use), (H. Ball, The Law of Copyright And Literary Property 260 (1944)), Folsom (precedence). Folsom Lawrence v. Dana, 15 F. Cas. 26 (C.C.D. Mass. 1869), Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc., 328 F.2d 541 (2rd Cir. 1964). 8) Copyright Act of United States Code 17.. Art., Sec. 8, Clause (monopoly right) (Copyright Act of 1909). fair use case law fair use (Vo l )

75 106, 9) 106 A 10) (criticism), (comment), (news reporting), (teaching, ), (scholarship) (research) 11).. (1),, (purpose and character) (2) (nature) (3) (amount) (substantiality) (4) (potential market) (value) (3) (fair use) , (fair use), 9) 17 U.S.C (reproduction), 2 (preparation of derivative works), (public distribution), (public performance display). 10), 1989 moral right. rights of attribution rights of integrity. 11) (use) 106 (phonorecords) (reproduction),. 91

76 (fair use),.. ( moral rights) 1989 ( ).,. (fair use),,. (fair use),. Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enterprises 12) Nation 1979 (Ford Memoirs - Behind the Nixon Pardon), Harper & Row ( Harper), Harper Time. Time, Harper Time. Harper Nation., (unpublished). 12) 471 U.S. 539 (1985) (Vo l )

77 (purpose and character). (fair use).. 13), (fair use) (amount) (substantiality),, Nation 13%, Nation Time. (nature). Nation, (unpublished).,, (fair use). 14) 13) 1. 14) Haper, 471 U.S. 539, 554, 564., (common law ) (publication) fixation. (fixation in tangible form). Fixation., 93

78 ( ) (fair use). Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. 15) (parody). (rap), 2 Live Crew (rock) Roy Orbison Oh, Pretty Woman, Pretty Woman. Oh, Pretty Woman Acuff-Rose 2 Live Crew Campbell. (fair use). (fair use). (transformative use). 2 Live Crew (derivative work) (license), (fair use).. (fair use),,,,.. 15) 510 U.S. 569 (1994) (Vo l )

79 ,., (purpose and character)., (fair use)., (nature) (fair use).,, (amount) (substantiality), (fair use).,,.. (a known original) (its parodic twin). 16), (fair use).,,., 16) Campbell, 510 U.S. 519 at

80 ,. 17), (fair use). 2 (derivative work). 18),,. 19) 2. 3 (Third- pa rty Lia b ility) (1) 3. 17) Id, at ) Id, at 591, ) Oh, Pretty Woman Live Crew. Pretty Woman,. Campbell (license) Acuff- Rose.,,,,, (Vo l )

81 ,. (vicarious liability) 20) (contributory liability) 21). (vicarious liability)., (right and ability to control/ supervise the infringing conduct)., 20) Vicarious liability.., sometimes called imputed liability, attachment of responsibility to a person for harm or damages caused by another person in either a negligence lawsuit or criminal prosecution. T hus, an employer of an employee who injures someone through negligence while in the scope of employment (doing work for the employer) is vicariously liable for damages to the injured person. ( dictionary.law.com vicarious liability )., vicarious liability respondeat superior. vicarious liability, respondeat superior respondeat superior. Respondeat superior latin for let the master answer, a key doctrine in the law of agency, which provides that a principal (employer) is responsible for the actions of his/ her/ its agent (employee) in the course of employment. T hus, an agent who signs an agreement to purchase goods for his employer in the name of the employer can create a binding contract between the seller and the employer. Another example: if a delivery truck driver negligently hits a child in the street, the company for which the driver works will be liable for the injuries. ( dictionary. law.com respondeat superior ). 21) (contributory liability) tort law. (jointly and severally). 97

82 (financial benefit from the infringement).. (contributory liability)., (knowledge of infringing activities)., (material contribution to the infringement).. (direct infringers).. (contributory liability), (vicarious liability). (2) : (vicarious liability) ) (vicarious liability) (flea market, swap meet) 22). ( ) ( ). (vicarious liability) (right and ability to control/ supervise the infringing conduct), 22) Fonovisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, Inc, 76 F.3d 259 (1996) (Vo l )

83 .. 38,000,.. (financial benefit),,,,..,... (vicarious liability), 10 12% (vicarious liability). 23), 99

84 3. 24) ) (vicarious liability)... (public domain). (vicarious liability) (contributory liability).. 1. VC R : So ny Co rpora tio n of Ame rica v. Unive rs a l City Stud ios, Inc. 25 ) (1) VCR VCR, VCR 23) Shapiro, Bernstein and Co. v. H.L. Green Co., 316 F.2d 304 (2d. Cir. 1963). 24) Deutsch v. Arnold, 98 F.2d 686 (2d Cir. 1938). 25) 464 U.S (Vo l )

85 , 3,. 26) 1 VCR (fair use), VCR, (contributory infringers). VCR ,. 3 (third party liability) (fair use). 1 VCR (time- shifting use, ) (fair use). 4 VCR. (2) 3 (third-party liability) (vicarious liability) 26) (28 U.S.C. 1338).. common law. preemption of state law by federal law., 17 U.S.C National Basketball Ass N v. Motorola, Inc., 105 F.3d 841 (1997). 101

86 (contributory liability). 27). (contributory infringer). 28), (staple article of commerce). (staple article of commerce doctrine)..,. 29) VCR. VCR (knowledge). 30) VCR, 27), (contributory infringement) vicarious liability (contributory liability). (vicarious infringement), vicarious liability (contributory liability). 28) 35 U.S.C. 271 (c). 29) Sony, 464 U.S. 417 at 440, ) Id, (Vo l )

87 (substantial noninfringing uses) (generic) (constructive) (contributory liability). 31) VCR VCR..,, VCR. VCR. (time- shifting use)., (authorized) (unauthorized). (authorized time shifting),,,, ) (unauthorized time shifting), (fair use).. (3) (fair use) 31) Id, ) Id,

88 VCR (capable of substantial noninfringing uses) 33) (fair use). (fair use),,, (time- shifting for private home use),.,,, TV (fair use)...,. 34). (actual present harm) (with certainty that 33) Id, ) Id, 450, 451. future harm (Vo l )

89 will result). (by preponderance of the evidence that some meaningful likelihood of future harm). 35), 1. (fair use) (fair use).,,. 36) 2. VC R (1),,!!,!.. 35) Id, ) Id,

90 ,. VCR,., VCR., 1992 Audio Home Recording Act(AHRA). (2) AHRA.,. (digital audio recording device) 37) (CD).. 38). 39)., MP3 MP3? RIAA v. Diamond MP3, MP3 37) 17 U.S.C. 1002(a)(1). 38) 17 U.S.C. 1003(a)... 39) Serial Copy Management System(SCMS). 17 U.S.C. 1002(a)(2) (Vo l )

91 AHRA. 40) AHRA, MP3. MP3,,. 41) MP3. MP3. MP3 ( ) P2P ( ) Na ps te r Groks te r/ Stre a mca s t (1) 3 /. MP3, / 42) 40) Recording Industry Association of America, et al. v. Diamond Multimedia Systems Inc., 180 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999). 41) Id, ) (supernode) P2P (Gnutella) P2P 107

92 .. /..,. (2) ) VCR,.., (time- shifting) (space- shifting) (fair use).. 3,.. ). P2P 43).,,,. 43) Peer- to- peer P2P (Vo l )

93 , ( ),.,. (index),., peer-to-peer., (indexing),. ) P2P. /. (supernode),. (FastTrack). / (Gnutella),. 109

94 .,. (3) 44) ) A&M Records, MP3 45),.,, (id), (user library),,. (collective directory) (indexing). 44) A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001). 45), Moving Picture Experts Group. MP (Vo l )

95 . MP3 MP3. (contributory liability) (vicarious liability). (fair use). (sampling), (space- shifting),.,,, CD MP3 ( ). 46) ) (contributory liability). (knowledge), (material contribution). (knowledge), (know or have reason to know). 46)

96 . (material contribution) (site and facilities) 47)., MP3 (locate), (download) (site and facilities),.. (contributory liability). ) (vicarious liability). (financial benefit from the infringing activity), (right and ability to supervise/ control infringer) (vicarious liability).. (increases in user-base), (draw for customers),. 47) (Vo l )

97 ,... (premises) (vicarious liability). (4) / ) 48) 1) ( 9 ).,.. (contributory liability), (generic), (constructive) (contributory liability) 48) Metro- Goldwyn- Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 259 F.Supp. 2d 1029 (C.D.Cal. 2003). 113

98 . VCR. (staple article of commerce) (contributory liability), (actual knowledge of specific infringement). VCR. VCR. (contributory liability)... P2P., 49) Morpheus,. 50) (site and facilities). (root supernodes) 49).. P2P 3. 50) (Vo l )

99 ,. P2P.,, (site and facilities).,., (contributory liability) (not material to the alleged infringement)., VCR.,.. 2) (vicarious liability), (financial benefit from the infringement) 115

100 .,,., (vicarious liability) (right and ability to supervise/ control infringer).,. ) 51),?, 9...,., (induce).,,. 52) 51) 125 S.Ct ) (Vo l )

101 (contributory liability) (vicarious liability).,. (common law) (inducement rule) 53)., 3, ( ), 3. 54) VCR. MGM ( ) ) inducement rule. Inducement, [t]he act or process of enticing or persuading another to take a certain course of action", active inducement [t]he act of intentionally causing a third party to infringe a valid patent." (Black 's Law Dictionary, 7th ed., 1999). ( ),. 54) 3 (third party liability), 2 (secondary liability) 117

102 ( ).,..,... (contributory liability), (actual knowledge of specific infringement) (misread) % MGM. 55) (knowledge).. 55),, (Vo l )

103 (staple article of commerce doctrine) (liability). (advertisement), (induces). 56),, (the law 's reluctance to find liability). 57) 2 (secondary liability).. 56) Kalem Co. v. Harper Brothers, 222 U.S. 55, ). 35 U.S.C. 271(b). [Whoever actively induces infringement of a patent shall be liable as an infringer.]., (inducement theory). Water T echnologies Corp. v. Calco, Ltd., 850 F.2d 660, 668 (C.A.Fed.1988) -. Fromberg, Inc. v. T hornhill, 315 F.2d 407, (C.A ) -. Haworth Inc. v. Herman Miller Inc., 37 U.S.P.Q.2d 1080, 1090, 1994 WL (W.D.Mich.1994) -. Sims v. Mack T rucks, Inc., 459 F.Supp. 1198, 1215 (E.D.Pa.1978), overruled on other grounds, 608 F.2d 87 (C.A )

104 (fact).,., ( )., (Napster) (free filesharing). 58),. 59),. 60), 58), the next Nepster ',. 40 ("T op 40" songs),. 59) VCR. 60)., (Vo l )

105 ., (advertising space) 61)..,. (significantly different). VCR,... 2 (unlawful objective).,... 61). 121

106 .., VCR, MP3, P2P.,.. VCR, P2P., ( ).. ( ) P2P.,,.. P2P. P2P.,,,., (Vo l )

107 P2P.,.,. P2P P2P...,. P2P,, P2P. P2P. P2P. AHRA,,.. 123

108 1994 WTO.. ( New Round) WTO OECD..,.,,,,.,,,,,, Multi-national corporation, Human rights, U.S. Congress, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Alien Torts Claims Act, International Human Rights Law, International Trade * : * : * : (Vo l )

109 ..., GATT. 7 UR, 1995 WTO. WT O,,,,,,,. WT O, 125

110 ,,,. WT O,. WTO 10 WTO,.,..,,, ER.,... (D.E. Lilienthal), (R. Vernon), (R.D. Robinson), (C.P. Kindlerberger).,, (Vo l )

111 1,. 1) UN,,, 1.. 2),.,.,.,..,.,,.,.. (Venture business).,. 1),, 19 (1988), ),,

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140 ,.,. 3, 9, 19, 20, 23 (4). 40) Miller. ILO 87,.,.,.,.,.,. UN,,,, 41), 40) Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, July 9, 1948, 68 U.N.T.S. 17 (1948). 41) Development and International Economic Co- Operation: Transnational (Vo l )

141 ..,.,...., WT O..,.,,.. 42),. Corporations, U.N. ESCOR, 2d Sess., U.N Doc. E/ 1990/ 94 (1990). 42) H.R. 3489, 102d Cong. s (401)(b)(9) (1991). 157

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145 Int 'l L. & Bus. 66, pp Dermont O' Callagahn, From Belfast to Brixton: Could New Monitoring Measures Cross the Irish Sea?, Perssonnel Mgmt., Aug. 1988, pp Douglas Cassel, Corporate Initiatives : A Second Human Rights Revolution?, 19 Fordham Int' l L. J., (1996) ; Erin Elizabeth Macek Scratching the Corporate Back : Why Corporations have no Incentive to Define Human Rights. Minn. J., Global Trade, (2002). Frank C. Newman & David Weissbrodt, International Human Rights : Law, Policy and Process 5-16 (2d. ed., 1996). Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, July 9, 1948, 68 U. N.T.S. 17 (1948). Jeremy Lehrer, Trading Profits for Change, 25 Hum. Rts. 21, 23 (1998). Model Business Principles,, Paul L. Ferrari, U. S. Business ad Human Rights Guidelines, Soc. Issues Service 1995 (Investor Responsibility Research Center, Washington D. C. ), Mar. 3, 1995, p. 4. P.T. Muchlinski, Multinational Enterprises and the Law pp. 5-11, 457 (1995). Stratford P. Sherman, Scoring Corporate Conduct in South Africa, Fortune, July 9, 1984, p Su-Ping Lu, Corporate Codes of Conduct and the FTC: Advancing Human Rights through Deceptive Advertising Law, 38 Colum. J. Transnat'l L. pp (2000). Thomas F. McMahon, Socio-Ethical Issues : Two Conceptual Frameworks in Profit and Responsibility 17 (Patricia Werhane & Kendall D'Andrade eds., 1985). Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217, U. N. GAOR, 3rd Sess., at 71, U. N. Doc. A/ 810 (1948). II. 161

146 ,, (2001), ,, 19 (1988), ,, (1999), 111., 22 (2002) ,,, 32 (2003). III. 22 U. S. C. s 2151 (n) (1990). 19 U. S. C. s 2432(a) (1994). 28 U. S. C.A (2000). 28 U. S. C.A 1330 (a), 1602 (2000). H.R. 3489, 102d Cong. s. 401 (b) (1) (1991). H.R. 3489, 102d Cong. s (401) (b) (9) (1991). Enahoro v. Abubakar 408 F. 3d 877 (2005). John Doe I v. Unocal Corporation, 395 F. 3d 932 (2002) (Vo l )

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