방송채널의거래와가격에관한연구 2010. 12
1,.,,., VOD,.,,.,, PP..
2.. 2010 12
3 1 9 1 25 1 25 2 29 1. SO-PP 29 2. 32 2 36 1 36 1. PP 36 2. 45 2 53 1. PP 53 2. 60 3 82 1 (Solution) 83 1. Nash 83 2. 85 2 PP 86 1. PP 88 2. PP 2 1 90
4 3. PP 2 2 92 4. 100 5. 107 3 109 1. 109 2. 117 3. 120 4. 123 4 124 1 SO-PP 124 2 129 1. 129 2. 133 141
5 1 1 Salop 35 2 1 2001 PP 37 2 2 PP 37 2 3 PP 38 2 4 TV PP 41 2 5 TV 41 2 6 TV 42 2 7 TV 47 2 8 48 2 9 52 2 10 FCC 55 2 11 PP ( ) 55 2 12 PP ( 1 ) 56 2 13 2008 2009 62 2 14 10 64 2 15 67 2 16 4 70 2 17 TV 71 2 18 5
6 72 2 19 74 2 20 75 2 21 77 2 22 78 2 23 2003 80 3 1 93 3 2 95 3 3 ( ) 105
7 2 1 44 2 2 PP 57 2 3 63 3 1 Nash 84 3 2 Nash 114
9 1. PP PP, PP, PP. PP. PP.....
10. 1 2 SO-PP. 2. 3. 1 Nash 2 PP Nash. PP SO-PP PP PP. PP.. 3.,.,,. 4
11. 2 1. 1995 TV PP, SO, SO PP, SO-PP. 2001 PP 44 PP 100, 2002 SO PP. PP SO, PP. PP PP. PP, PP, SO-PP PP SO, 1995 32.5% PP 2003 13%. SO PP 2008 PP 25% SO, 2009 99 SO PP 25.2%. PP, SO PP. SO-PP
12 PP. 2009 SO, 2009 12 31, 2010 9.., SO, SO SO, SO TV,. 2010 11 SO. 2.. SO TV PEG(Public Educational Govermental), (buy-through).
13 SO. SO FCC SO. (Program Access Rule: PAR) 1992. 5%. PP CPS (Cost Per Subscribers). SO PP 25, PP 1 4.08. PP, (must-offer). Ofcom 2010 3 Sky premium sports channel. Ofcom Sky Sky., Sky,. Ofcom Sky Premium Sports Channel(Sports1, Sports2, Sports1&2) HD SD, SD retail-minus.,, SO /, SO,
14 SO. SO.., SO.., MVPD,, 14 FCC.. SO,., SO SO ( ),. 2011 8 31,. CRTC. 2002,.
15,,,. 3 1.,... Nash, PP,. 2. PP PP,,, PP. PP PP PP. PP
16., PP.,,,......,....
17..,. 3..,,, PP.,, PP. PP.,....
18.... 4 1. SO-PP SO-PP.,.., SO-PP., SO-PP.., PP, SO PP.. PP,
19. SO-PP. PP, PP. SO PP Nash SO-PP ( / ). / 수신료수입 플랫폼광고수입 플랫폼비용 광고수입 비용 = 수신료수입.. 2.. (Must-carry),
20.. TV, 1992 TV,.. Basic. Basic Basic Basic. Basic..,,
21.,,..,,.......
22... PP...,,.....
23 3... VOD.. PP PP VOD PP VOD PP..
24...
1 25 1 1,. ( SO),, IPTV 1), ( PP).,. 2). PP,. 1). 2) VOD,.
26 PP PP. SO 2001 PP, SO., SO-PP PP, SO 25% PP 3). PP SO SO. 25%. (SO ), VOD ( ), ( ),. PP, PP. PP. PP 3) 38 4 11 2 2,,,..
1 27.,.. (KBS1, EBS). TV, TV. TV,. SO SO, TV... 2000, IPTV ARPU(Average Revenue Per User)
28,.,..... 1 2 SO-PP. 2. 3. 1 Nash 2 PP Nash. PP SO-PP PP PP. PP
1 29.. 3.,.,,. 4. 2 1. SO-PP SO-PP, SO-PP,. (2006) PP TV, SO PP. SO PP, SO PP (two-sided) PP., SO
30, SO PP. PP, SO-PP SO. (2007) PP.,. PP 9 SO, SO. 2011 90% PP 17% SO, SO SO. TV.,,. PP, 14% 30% 22%., PP. PP., 0.614, 0.481, 0.641, 0.565., PP
1 31. (2010) PP,,,. PP,,., SO-PP., (2008). TV, TV. TV,, / TV,,. Chipty and Snyder(1999). TV, ESPN MTV (PP) ( SO).,, SO.
32 2.,. (2008) IPTV,. (Nash), IPTV. (2008),,., PP,. (2009),.,, 3,.. (IR ) (IC ), (IR ) (IC )
1 33. (IR IC ) + (IR IC ), {(IR IC ) (IR IC )}/2 (, 2009). 4) Time Warner Cable( TWC) Salop (2010). MVPD(Multichannel Video Programming Distribution) (blackout),, MVPD. MVPD 4), (IR IC ) (X) (Y), IR IC {( X ) ( Y / ) ( Y )}. X.. X Y IR X,. IR ( ) ( Y ) ( X ) X IC ( ) ( X )
34. MVPD, (must-have nature of network broadcast programming), MVPD, (tying),,.,, MVPD (must-have)..., 1992 MVPD. 1993 0.1% 2010 30%, IPTV MVPD. MVPD MVPD,., FCC MVPD. basic tier, tier (a-la-carte).. Salop (2010) MVPD. MVPD.
1 35 FCC 1 1. 1 1 Salop 1. MVPD. 2. FCC FCC,.,. 3. MVPD, FCC (good faith bargaining), MVPD. 4. MVPD, MVPD. : Salop (2010) Eisenach (2010).,, 1992,,. MVPD, (clustering),. MVPD.
36 2 1 1. PP. SO-PP 1995 TV 15,000, 32.5% 4,875 PP, 15% 2,250 NO. PP, SO SO PP, SO- PP. 2 1, PP SO-PP 2001. 80% 20%, 30%, 70%. 1998, 30%, PP. PP PP, TV (, 2007). SO-PP 2001 PP. PP 100, SO 70, SO PP (
2 37 2 1 2001 PP 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 PP 18 25 26 24 24 24 38 (20%) (80%) (70%) (30%) (70%) (30%) : (2009 5 12 ) (20%) (50%) (30%) (30%) (40%) (30%) SO (10%) (30%) (30%) (30%) (10%) (10%) (10%) AI (5%) (30%) (15%) (20%), 2010 2 25 ). PP SO, 2002 SO PP. PP (, 2007), PP. PP PP SO-PP PP SO, 1995 32.5% PP 2003 13% (, 2010 2 25 ). 2 2 PP ( : %) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 24.0 33.8 33.8 20.9 25.4 19.1 20.9 13.2 15.0 : (2006)
38 PP PP. 2 3 PP., PP 10%, PP. PP SO SO. 2 3 PP ( : %) 1997 10.12 31.18 58.71 1998 7.80 15.16 77.03 1999 5.03 16.27 78.70 2000 3.84 13.18 82.99 2001 9.11 7.23 83.66 2002 1.95 5.19 92.87 2003 4.89 13.92 81.19 2004 6.84 15.95 77.21 : (2006) SO PP 2006 SO-PP 2007 20%, 2008 25%, 30% PP (, 2008 7 30 ). SO PP, PP, (1/4 ) (, 2007 10 5 ).
2 39 PP, SO PP.,. 2007 SO PP 17.5%, 2008 25% (, 2008 7 30 ).., PP,. SO PP,,. SO, SO-PP,, (, 2008 9 4 ). SO-PP SO PP. 2008 10 SO-PP, SO PP VOD 20% (, 2008 10 28 ). SO 20% VOD 150 PP (, 2008 10 28 ), 25%, PP VOD PP.
40 PP 25%. 2008 11 5 5 SO, 25% PP, PP (, 2008 11 6 ).. 2009 99 SO 1 1,315 25.2% 2,857 PP. 2008 SO PP 21.5% 3.7% 25% (, 2010 4 28 ). 25% PP, 25%. SO PP 2009 12 TV PP., SO PP,, HD,,, SO. PP,,, TV TV, HD ( 2009 12 17 ). 2 4 2 6.
2 41 2 4 TV PP ( 6 1 ) ( ) ( ) 1. (40%) 2. (30%) 3. (30%) (AGB TNS ) SO (AGB TNS ) 60% 40% ( ) 20% HD 30% 50% ( ) 20% 30% 20% TV (PP ) 30% 4. SO ( ) 2 5 TV ( 7 2 ) (%) 10 20 PP 5 20 ( ) TV 10 30 10 20 10 20 10 40 5 10 5 10 TV PP ( SO / ) ( ) ( PP ), (, )
42 2 6 TV ( 7 3 ) (%) 10 20 PP HD 5 20 HD HD 5 20 (EPG) TV 10 30 10 20 10 20 10 40 5 10 5 10 TV PP ( SO / ) ( ) ( PP ), (, ) SO-PP, TV,, 74 SO 25% PP (, 2009 12 17 ).. SO-PP 1) PP
2 43, SO PP. SO-PP PP., VOD PPV,, VOD, PPV, SO. PP,, VOD PPV, PP 25%. 5) SO PP VOD FOD VOD. PPV PPV PP., PP. 2007 2 SO TV (DMC) VOD PPV, VOD. (CA, contents aggregator). 3 ( ), SO PP, 38 ( ), PP. 5) SO PP.
44 SO,. PP (, 2008 6 2 ). SO. 5 MSO GS 12.5% 75%, 25% SO. SO PP SO. 2 1 (%) (%) ( ) 12.5% Tbroad 12.5% ( ) 12.5% CJ 12.5% GS 12.5% SO(20 ) 25.0% HCN 12.5% : 2) PP
2 45... SO, PP. 2.. 1994 TV, KBS1, EBS, MBC TV. 2000 KBS1 EBS, KBS1 EBS (, 2009). 6) 6) TV,, KBS1 EBS ( 78 1 2 ), ( 78 4 ). ( 78 3 )., KBS1 EBS,,. IPTV ( IPTV ) 21 ( ) 4.
46 KBS1 EBS,. (2002 2005 ), DMB(2005 ), IPTV(2008 ), 7) 2010.. SO 1995 TV, SO 10. SO, SO., 7) 2002 KDB(, SkyLife). 3 SkyLife 2004 9 KBS2, 2005 2 MBC SBS. 2005 5 DMB, 2007 7 DMB TU MBC 20. 5 2007 12, 2010 12 31. 2008 11 (KT) 2009 1 (SKB, LG Dacom) IPTV. 2008 6, IPTV KBS1 EBS, IPTV 2008 10 (, 2009)., 2010.
2 47,. SO, SO,. SO,. 2 7 2008 2009 SO TV., SO, TV SO. 2 7 TV TV / SO (free riding)
48 TV / : (2009), IPTV TV ( 23 35 ) TV 2009 4 KBS MBC SBS 3 CJ HCN CMB 5 MSO. SO. 3 2009 9 10 HCN, CJ. 2009 11 23 3 CJ HCN CMB TV 5 MSO. 2 8 2009. 9. 10 HCN 2009. 9. 10 CJ ( ) CJ,, HCN, 2009. 11. 23 CMB TV,
2 49 3 2009 12 31,. SO.., 3. SO,. KBS2, MBC, SBS. SO,,, SO (2009 132731).. 18,,.,.,
50 (2009 132731). SO,, (, 2010). SO, SO (, 2010). 2010 9.., SO, SO SO, SO TV,., SO, 2009 12 18 (2009 132731).
2 51 SO,.,.,, 7 5,, (2009 132731). SO, SO SO, 1 (2009 132731). 2 9. 2010 9 28 SO, SO 2010 10 1, 10 13 3 (, 2010 10 1 ), SO,. 10 28, 2011 1 (, 2010 11 12 ).
52 2 9 SO SO SO 2009 12 18 KBS2, MBC, SBS SO 2009 12 18
2 53 2 1. PP. PP 1). SO TV PEG(Public Educational Govermental). SO (buy-through). 1992, basic tier tier. basic tier tier. HBO, Showtime (multiplex)., tier.,., (waiver) FCC (FCC, 2003). 1999
54 (Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999, SHVIA ) carry one, carry all (, 2009), 4% (non-commercial programming of an educational or informational nature).,., tier (a-la-carte) ppv(pay-per-view). SO. 1992 TV (Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act). SO SO. SO FCC SO, (effective competition). FCC,. 4,. (Program Access Rule: PAR) 1992. 5%.
2 55 2 10 FCC 1. (franchise area) 30% SO (Low Penetration test) 2. (unaffiliated) MVPD 50%, MVPD MVPD 15% (50/15 test) 3. (franchising authority) 50% (Municipal test) 4. (LEC) ( MVPD) (DBS, Direct broadcast satellite), (LEC test) : (2009) 2) PP SO PP PP CPS(Cost Per Subscribers). SO PP 25, PP 1 4.08 (SNL, 2009. 11. 11) 2 11 PP ( ) ( : ) ( : ) 1 ( : ) 2009 ( : ) 1 tbs 1,270,003 579,928 0.49 100.1 2 Discovery Channel 871,476 388,027 0.33 99.8 3 Nickelodeon/Nick At Nite 1,872,799 526,822 0.44 99.6 4 The Weather Channel 299,739 133,633 0.11 99.3 5 CNN/HLN 1,174,823 591,968 0.50 99.3 6 Food Network 507,513 90,495 0.08 99.2 7 USA 1,560,916 652,502 0.55 99.2 8 TNT 1,980,613 1,173,076 0.99 99.1 9 ESPN/ESPN HD 6,343,766 4,821,188 4.08 99.1 10 A&E 713,311 295,131 0.25 98.9
56 ( : ) ( : ) 1 ( : ) 2009 ( : ) 11 TLC 442,840 189,387 0.16 98.8 12 Lifetime Television 894,220 330,186 0.28 98.8 13 ESPN2 903,321 631,133 0.54 98.8 14 Spike TV 583,838 236,126 0.20 98.8 15 HGTV 616,278 160,291 0.14 98.7 16 Disney Channel 1,146,778 1,038,483 0.88 98.6 17 MTV 1,119,082 382,153 0.33 98.5 18 ABC Family Channel 572,091 253,073 0.22 98.4 19 Cartoon Network 569,175 200,836 0.17 98.3 20 History 600,271 252,839 0.22 98.2 : SNL 8) 2 12 2 2 1 ESPN, 2009 4.08. FOX SportsNet 2, PP 1. 2 12 PP ( 1 ) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1 ESPN/ESPNHD 3.3 3.48 3.75 4.08 4.4 4.76 5.14 5.55 2 FOXSportsNet 1.68 1.94 2.15 2.37 2.58 2.8 3.03 3.27 3 TNT 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.99 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.12 4 DisneyChannel 0.81 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.97 1 5 NFLNetwork 0.4 0.8 0.85 0.75 0.73 0.75 0.78 0.82 6 FOXNews 0.27 0.32 0.44 0.58 0.7 0.73 0.74 0.75 7 USA 0.49 0.5 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.64 8) http://www.snl.com/interactivex/tv_networkssummary.aspx?networktype=4
2 57 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 8 HDNet 0.79 0.81 0.64 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.46 9 ESPN2 0.4 0.46 0.5 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.67 0.73 10 MGMHD 0.5 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.6 11 CNNenEspanol 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.57 12 CNN/HLN 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.5 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 13 TBS 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.5 0.52 0.53 0.55 14 NHLNetwork 0.51 0.53 0.45 0.3 0.27 0.28 0.29 15 Nickelodeon/NickAtNite 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.53 0.55 16 HDNetMovies 0.5 0.5 0.51 0.44 0.42 0.4 0.38 0.37 17 FXNetwork 0.35 0.37 0.4 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.47 18 BigTenNetwork 0.27 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 19 FOXCollegeSports 0.29 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 20 DiscoveryChannel 0.29 0.29 0.3 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 : SNL 9) 2 2 PP ( 1 ) : SNL(2009. 11. 11) 9) http://www.snl.com/interactivex/tv_networkssummary.aspx?networktype=4
58. PP, (must-offer). 316 (Conditions relating to competition matters), Ofcom 2010 3 Sky premium sports channel. Ofcom Sky Sky., Sky,. 10) Ofcom Sky, Sky Sports 1 2 1, Sky sports 1 2 (competitive level). Sky Sports,. Sky 60%. 11) 10) Ofcom Sky. Sky, Premium Movie Channel. 6. Ofcom Sky, Sky 100%. Sky Sky. Ofcom Sky,., (competition commission).
2 59 Ofcom. Sky Sports 1 2,. Sky Sky Sports Sky. Sky. 12) Ofcom Sky Premium Sports Channel(Sports1, Sports2, Sports1&2) HD SD, SD. SD, HD. Ofcom Premium Sports,, IPTV. Sky cost-plus retailminus, (cost-based). Ofcom Retail-minus (discounted cashflow analysis). Sky 11) Ofcom, PAR. Ofcom PAR, IPTV. 12) Ofcom Sky Virgin, 2007 2008 Sky.
60, Sky Sports1 2 Virgin 23.4%, 10.5%. Ofcom Sky. Ofcom 3,.,. Sky, Sky (Ofcom, 2010). 2.. 1) 1992 TV (Cable TV Protection and Competition Act of 1992) 3 TV, (must-carry) (retransmission consent)., TV., TV. TV,,,.
2 61 (, 2009). MVPD(Multichannel Video Programming Distributor) (SHVIA) FCC 2000. MVPD, TV 2006 1. (in good faith) (good faith test)., 13) MVPD FCC. FCC 13) (good faith test). MVPD.... MVPD. MVPD. MVPD.
62, MVPD., FCC,. 1992. (, 2008),. 2000. 2 13 2009., Univision 2008 1, 2009 1 7. Sinclair, CBS,.. 2 3 SNL(2009), 2010 5, 2016 15. 2 13 2008 2009 2008 ( ) 2009 ( ) (%) 1 Univision 100.0 175.0 75.0 2 Sinclair 73.9 98.9 33.8 3 CBS Corp. 26.4 81.6 209.1
2 63 2008 ( ) 2009 ( ) (%) 4 Gannett Co. 18.7 56.0 199.5 5 Hearst-Argyle 26.9 45.0 67.2 6 Belo 33.1 42.6 28.7 7 Nexstar 21.8 33.6 54.0 8 Lin TV 20.4 32.4 58.8 9 Meredith Corp. 10.9 21.4 95.5 10 Newport TV 4.5 18.2 304.4 11 Media General 15.9 12 Gray 3.0 15.6 413.6 13 Young 5.1 12.3 141.0 14 Entravision 9.5 15 Fisher 3.1 8.4 174.5 16 E.W.Scripps 8.0 17 Journal 1.5 4.4 193.3 18 Bonten 0.7 3.3 371.4 : SNL(2010. 5. 11) 2 3 : SNL(2010. 4. 27)
64 2),,. Salop (2010), 2000 2010 5 51, 34. Salop, (Salop,, 2010). 2 14 10. 2008, 2000 80% 5. PP 2 14 10 pp(rsn(regional sports network) ) RSN or 2000 2 2 0 0 2 0 2001 1 0 0 1 1 0 2002 2 0 1 1 1 1 2003 7 1 4 2 3 4 2004 2 1 0 1 1 1 2005 4 2 2 0 3 1 2006 8 6 2 0 7 1 2007 2 1 1 0 1 1 2008 13 11 2 0 8 5 2009 7 5 2 0 5 2 2010(1 5 ) 3 2 1 0 2 1 51 31 15 5 34 17 : Salop (2010).
2 65 10.. WABC-Cablevision (2010 3 ) 2010 1 Disney WABC ABC Cablevision. ABC 3 7 20, ABC 15. News Corp TWC (2009 12 ) 2009 10 News Corp TWC News Corp 1 (SNL, 2009. 10. 28). TWC News Corp 20 (SNL, 2009. 12. 29),. News Corp TWC, American Idol 24 TV (SNL, 2009. 12. 18), TWC News Corp 2010 1 (SNL, 2009. 12. 29). News Corp 2009 12 31 TWC FOX FOX TWC. FOX IPTV FiOS. 2010 1 1, Fox (Sugar Bowl) (Salop, 2010; 8), 50 (SNL, 2010. 1. 4).
66 Sincliar Mediacom (2007 1, 2009 12 ) Mediacom 2006 10 31 Sinclair FCC. 2007 1 4, FCC Mediacom, Sinclair FCC Sinclair. 2007 1 6, Mediacom Sinclair Sinclair Mediacom 13 22 CBS(Cedar Rapids ), Fox(Des Moine ), 80 Mediacom TV Sinclair., Mediacom Sinclair, Mediacom Des Moine Fox TV. Mediacom 1 21, Sinclair TimeWarner, 2 2 (, 2009). Mediacom Sinclair 3 2009. 2009 10 Mediacom Sinclair 3, (multichannel, 2009). Sinclair 2009 12 31, Mediacom Mediacom 1 1 (Salop, 2010; 8). Sinclair 12 31 2010 1 8 (SNL, 2009. 12. 31), 2010 1 7 1 (SNL, 2010. 1. 7). 3)
2 67 (TWC ), MVPD (DirecTV ), (trade associations), 14 FCC (WeileyRein, 2010 3. 9). 2 15.. 2 15 1., Communications Act Section 325 (good faith), (compulsory arbitration), (expert tribunal) 2. ( ) ( ), 3., (good faith) : WeileyRein(2010. 3. 9) FCC 2010 3 19 FCC (proposed rulemaking). TWC.,, FCC. ACA(American Cable Association) MVPD.
68,. FCC (Tech Daily Dose, 2010. 3. 19). 1992. NAB(National Association of Broadcasters) FCC Baker,.,., 2009 NAB, 1 37 74, (expanded basic) 0.75% 1.5% (multichannelnews, 2010. 5. 6)... 1) ( ) ( ). TV, TV, TV, TV
2 69. 14), TV (, 2009). TV, TV IP, (, 2008). ( ). TV, TV, TV ( 13 3 ), ( 13 4 ), ( 13 5 ).,, TV (, 2008). TV TV, TV (, 2009)., 14),.
70. 1), 2), 3), 4) TV, TV, 5) TV, (, 2008). 2). ( ) 4. 2007 3 23 4 TV 4. 5 4,. 4. 2 16 4.,... TV. 15)....
2 71,.. : (2007. 8. 17),.,. 11. 2007 5 30 4 11 5, 2 17 2 18. 5 TV,, 5. 2 17 TV ( ) 3 ( ) 2 TV ( ) ( ) 3 TV( ) TV ( ) ( ) 2 TV ( ) ( ) : (2008. 2. 8) ( ) ( ) ( ) 15), (, 2008. 2. 8).
72 2 18 5......,,,.. 1) 2009 16) (Broadcasting Distribution Undertakings: BDU).,,. 2007 10 1 CRTC(Canadian Radiotelevision and Telecommunications Commission).,. 16).
2 73. CRTC, (CRTC, 2007).. CRTC. 17) 2009 7, CRTC LPIF(Local Programming Improvement Fund) 18) 1% 1.5% (CRTC, 2009).. CRTC,. LPIF LPIF. (The Local TV Matters Coalition) (Save Local TV Campaign)., BDU 17). 75%. 18) LPIF 2008. LPIF 3., ( ),,,,.
74. TV (Stop the TV Tax coalition).. (CRTC, 2010a). CRTC 2010 3 (Value for Signal). CRTC.. CRTC (CRTC, 2010a). (Retransmission Consent). 2) 2 19 BDU. BDU. VOD....., EPG.. : CRTC(2010b)
2 75 2011 8 31,. CRTC. 2 19.. 1) TV (EPRA, 2008), 1999 Communication Review. 2002 (Universal Service Directive). 31 1 2, TV. 2 20 EU (2002/77CE) 31 1 : /TV /TV.,.. 2 : 1 EU (Access Directive 2002/19EC) 3 2 (appropriate renunciation).. : European Commission(2002)
76, 1999. (, 2009)., 1984 Cable and Broadcasting Act TV (PDSL: prescribed diffusion service license) BBC1, BBC2, ITV, Channel 4(SC4 in Wales), the Public Teletext Service Ceefax(teletext) on BBC1 and BBC2. 1990, 1996 Ch5., (, 2009)., BSkyB 14. 2002 BBC Crown Castle, BSkyB Freeview. (, 2008). (, ) (TV5 Monde, France Outre-Mer), (La Chaîne parlementaire)., 2000, 34 3 (France 2, France 3, France 5, Arte, TV5 ) (, 2010;, 2009). 2002 DTT(Digital Terrestrial Television)
2 77 (, 2008).. 2 21 /, : EPRA(2008),, ( ),,,,,,,,, (French),,,,,,,, ( ),,,, (French),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,. 2 22,., (, 2008).
78 2 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 : EPRA(2008),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2) (must-offer).,, (, 2006). (, 2008), TV,,
2 79.,,,,. (, 2009).. 2 23, 2003,, Ofcom (appropriate network) (, 2009)., (intended audience) ( 272 8 ) TV ( 272 7 ). 2 23,.,,,,,. 19) 19). (2010),,..., /. ( ).
80 2 23 2003 272 (must-offer obligations) (1) (a) (public service channel) (b) (teletext) (c) 64 (section) TV,(Ofcom 243 ), Ofcom. (2),. (3). (a), (b). (4),,, ( ). (5) 64. (6) (condition), Ofcom, (a),,, (b),,, Ofcom. (7) section (appropriate network),(sub-section 8 ), TV,. (intended audience), (a), (b),
2 81 (c),. TV (licensed Television Service) 1990 1 1996 1. (8),,. (9) subsection(7) (end-user) Part2. (10) section 411, 6,.
82 3..,.,.. 20). 20) Rubinstein 0 (S, D).
3 83 1 (Solution) 1. Nash Nash. (feasible set) S 1, 2 (Disagreement Point) (S, D). (individual rationality condition) 1. (S, D) S. Nash (, axiom) (invariance), (efficiency), (independence), (symmetry). (invariance). (efficiency). (independence). (symmetry). Nash S., 21), 22)
84 23)., S 1 3 1 ABD., 1 1 2 1.,. A 3 1 Nash 2 B S Nash Solution D= 45 A 1 21). 22). 23) (Kalai-Smorodinsky solution) (frontier).
3 85 1, B 2. 45 Nash,,,. 2. 24) (cooperative game) (coalitional form game) (coalition).,. 1 ( ) 1 (transferable utility) (non-transferable utility). (solution), (value) 1953 (L.S. Shapley).,. N S, S., (real valued function). S (worth). N,. 24) (1991).
86... : 25). (grand coalition).. 2 PP (PP).,,,,, PP,.., 25) A B. S i.
3 87,,....,.,.,...., VOD,,. PP Nash
88, Nash,. PP PP. PP PP Nash. SO-PP. PP 3, Nash. PP. PP. 1. PP PP. PP PP,. PP. 26) 26) PP.
3 89 Nash. PP 0 PP 0.., PP PP, p, PP PP PP PP + p. 0, PP. ( ) PP ( Pf )., ( Pf ),,,,,. PP p., + Pf p Pf. p PP. D (, ) (0, 0), S. 0., PP PP + p + + Pf p Pf. Nash PP PP + + Pf Pf,
90 N ({PP PP + + Pf Pf }/2, {PP PP + + Pf Pf }/2). PP p. p { + Pf Pf PP + PP }/2 PP,, PP PP., PP p/, 수신료수입 광고수입 비용 광고수입 비용 수신료수입 광고수입 비용 광고수입 비용 수신료수입. PP PP,, PP. PP SO 8:2 (Cue-tone) PP, Pf PP )/, PP. 2. PP 2 1 PP.
3 91. PP PP1 PP2, PP1 PP1. PP1, PP1. PP. Nash. PP1 0.. PP1 PP2 m(m>0). 27) D (, ) (0, m). PP1 1, Pf 1, PP1 Pf 1 PP1 p 1 + Pf 1 p Pf 1. PP1 PP1 PP 1, PP1 PP 1, PP1 p PP 1 PP 1 + p. S. PP1 27).
92. PP1 0 PP1. PP 1 PP 1 + 1 + Pf 1 Pf 1 m, Nash., N ( PP 1 PP 1 + 1 + Pf 1 Pf 1 m /2, PP 1 PP 1 + 1 + Pf 1 Pf 1 + m /2)., Nash 1 + Pf 1 p Pf 1 Nash p. 1 + Pf 1 p Pf 1 PP 1 PP 1 + 1 + Pf 1 Pf 1 + m /2 PP1. p { 1 + Pf 1 Pf 1 PP 1 + PP 1 m}/2 PP, PP PP m/2. PP PP2,. 3. PP 2 2 PP PP1 PP2, 1 2
3 93. PP1 1, PP2 2. 3 Nash PP. S S. 3 1 (marginal contribution). 3 2 3 3 Pf. 3 1 Pf PP1 PP2 Pf PP1 PP2 Pf PP2 PP1 PP1 Pf PP2 PP1 PP2 Pf PP2 Pf PP1 PP2 PP1 Pf /6 /6 /6
94 S PP 0. S PP PP1 1 1. Pf 1 PP1 PP 1. {Pf, PP1} {Pf, PP1} 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1. S PP2 PP2 2 2. Pf 2 PP2 PP 2. S {Pf, PP2} {Pf, PP2} 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2. PP1 PP2 3 3. Pf 3 PP PP 3. {Pf, PP1, PP2} 1 2 3 PP1, PP2 3 Pf 3 PP 3. 3 2.
3 95 3 2 Pf PP1 PP2 PF PP1 PP2 0 PF PP2 PP1 0 PP1 Pf PP2 PP1 PP2 Pf PP2 Pf PP1 PP2 PP1 Pf 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 2 + 2 ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2 Pf 2 PP 2) 0 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) 0 0 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) 0 0 /6 /6 /6 0 6,, ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)* 2 + ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) + ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) *1/6 PP1, ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*2 *1/6
96 PP2. ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*2 *1/6. PP PP. SO 20%, PP 80% PP. 3 PP1 PP2 PP1 PP2 PP1, PP2 ( 3 + ). PP1 ( ) PP2 광고수입 ( ).. 3 Pf 3 PP1 p1 PP2 p2.. 3 Pf 3 + * p1 p2 ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) + ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) *1/6...(1)
3 97 PP1 p1. PP 3 {Pf, PP1, PP2} PP PP1 PP2., PP, PP. PP1. PP + ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*2 *1/6...(2), PP2. PP + ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*2 *1/6...(3) (1) (2) p2, p2 ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/3 + ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/6 + PP. (1) (3) p1, p1 ( 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 + ( 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/6 ( 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/3 + PP
98. PP. 3 + 3 Pf 3 PP 3, PP PP1 PP2. 1 + 1 Pf 1 PP 1 PP1, 2 + 2 Pf 2 PP 2 PP2. PP1 PP2,. PP2 PP1, PP2. p1 PP1 PP1 PP1 p1. p2 PP2 PP2 p2. PP1 PP PP1 p1, PP2 PP PP2 p2.,. PP PP
3 99. PP. PP1 PP2 PP1 PP2 PP. PP1, PP2 PP. PP1 PP2 PP2 PP2. PP2......
100,. 4..,. 2002 17 20 4,000., 78 61 1, 70 4 55 70 3 54. KBS1 EBS KBS2, MBC,.... PP1, PP2
3 101. A B..... PP1 A PP2 B. ( ) A A + B A B ( ). B. A B. PP. PP.
102 p1 (A + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 + (A + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/6 (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/3 + PP (A + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 + (A + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)* 1/6 ( 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/3 + PP p2 (A + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 (A + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/3 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/6 + PP (B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 ( 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/3 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/6 + PP, A, B. A B....
3 103 A + B A + B + d. A + B +d A B.. d 0 d 0. (A + B + d + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 + (A + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/6 (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/3 + PP (A + d + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 + (A + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/6 ( 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/3 + PP (A + B + d + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 (A + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/3 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/6 + PP (B + d + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 ( 1 Pf 1 PP 1)* 1/3 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/6 + PP A d, B d..
104. Pa(A>Pa). A Pa Pa. Pb.. A + B Pb A Pa. A + B Pb A Pa., Pb Pa + B.. Pb Pa + B. Pb Pa+ B., B.. PP1 PP2. 3 3.
3 105 3 3 ( ) (Pf) (PP1) (PP2) Pf 0 Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1 Pa + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 (Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) Pf 0 Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2 Pf Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1 0 Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 (Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) Pf Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 0 0 Pf B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2 Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) 0 Pf Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3 0 0 /6 /6 /6 6,, (Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) + (Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) *1/6 PP1,
106 (Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + (Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1) (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*2 *1/6 PP2, (Pa + B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*2 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2) (Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*2 *1/6. PP PP. (Pa + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 + (Pa + 1 Pf 1 PP 1)*1/6 ( 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/3 + PP (B + 3 Pf 3 PP 3)*1/3 ( 1 Pf 1 PP 1)* 1/3 + (B + 2 Pf 2 PP 2)*1/6 + PP Pa, B.,. (A Pa)/2..
3 107 Pa d B d... 5. PP,,, PP. PP PP PP. PP., PP.,,,..
108....? TV..,......,
3 109.,,, PP.,, PP. PP. 3 1. PP.,.,, PP.
110 PP. Nash Nash Nash...,,,.....,. BBC, ITV Freesat BS.,.
3 111.,,,,...,..,.. Nash..
112,.,., p + p. p...,., p + p. 28) 28) ( ),.,,,
3 113,.,.. p. D ( 지상파, 유료방송 ) (, ). S.. 3 2 A, B. Nash +, ( + /2, + /2)...
114 3 2 Nash 2 B S 추가되는이익추가되는이익 D= 45 A= 추가되는이익 1 p. p ( )/2., 29) /2,.. > +,. 29) Basic tier.
3 115 { }/2.,.. 30)....... Nash. 30).
116., (willingness to pay).. 홈쇼핑 홈쇼핑., p + p. + 홈쇼핑 + + 홈쇼핑 p. D ( 지상파, 유료방송 ) (, + 홈쇼핑 ), Nash + + 홈쇼핑 홈쇼핑., ( + /2, + 홈쇼핑 + /2),
3 117 p ( + 홈쇼핑 홈쇼핑 )/2., 홈쇼핑 홈쇼핑.. 2.. PP..,., PP (Hazlett, 1997)....
118.. 31). PP. 광고수입 ( 광고수입 < )., p 광고수입 + p... 유료방송패키지비용 ( 유료방송패키지비용 < ). 31) 48% TV (, 2009).
3 119 + 홈쇼핑 유료방송패키지비용 + 홈쇼핑 p. 32), ( 지상파, 유료방송 ) (, 홈쇼핑 ). Nash + 광고수입 + 유료방송패키지비용 + 홈쇼핑 홈쇼핑., Nash ( /2, 홈쇼핑 /2), p ( + 광고수입 + 홈쇼핑 홈쇼핑 + 유료방송패키지비용 )/2. PP. 33) > 광고수입, > 유료방송패키지비용 32)., 유료방송패키지비용 +. 33) Nalebuff(2003)
120..,,.,.,,.. 3..,
3 121.. A, B.. 34), 0. 35) A. A B B, A + + +., A 0,, ( + )/2. 34). Katz (2009).. 35).
122 ( 지상파, 유료방송 ) ( +, 0), Nash ( + )/2, ( + + /2, /2). A ( + )/4. B B ( + )/4. A, B, + ( + )/2, ( )/2.....
3 123. 4.,........
124 4 1 SO-PP PP PP. PP 2008 25% PP. SO,. SO-PP 25%,. 2011 SO-PP SO 3 SO-PP. SO-PP.,.., SO-PP., SO-PP
4 125.. IPTV, SO. IPTV IPTV, ARPU IPTV SO PP. PP. PP, PP. SO PP.. SO-PP 25% PP MSP MSP PP MSP MSP. PP,. SO-PP. PP. PP.
126 ARPU. PP. 3, SO PP Nash SO-PP ( / ). / 수신료수입 플랫폼광고수입 플랫폼비용 광고수입 비용 = 수신료수입, SO-PP., SO.. SO-PP., VOD,. FOD Free VOD, SO VOD PP. SO-PP
4 127. VOD. PP. VOD.. FOD FOD. FOD FOD. VOD FOD, VOD. VOD VOD. VOD VOD
128..,.. Buy through, VOD.., SO-PP PP,.
4 129 2 1.,,.,.,..,.. (Must-carry),
130... BskyB TV Freesat from Sky. J:Com, PP 10 1. BS... TV, 1992 TV,.
4 131,... Basic. Basic. Basic Basic. Basic.... 78 (KBS1, EBS) ( 1 ),
132 85 ( 3 ),.. (2009 132731),, KBS1 EBS.,,.,,.....
4 133 2.,, PP PP. ARPU. GDP.. PP.,,..
134......,......
4 135. 36) ARPU. PP.. 37)..,,. 36). 37) SO 2000 2005 45%, 2006 41% (SNL Kagan, 2007), 2009 58.2%(AGB, ), 65.4%. 2009 58.6% (http://www. barb.co.uk/index/index).
136..... PP. VOD.....
4 137...,, IPTV.,.,.. 3. Basic,.. 3
138,. VOD. 38).. TV.. VOD 38).
4 139.. PP PP VOD PP VOD PP....,. PP
140....
141 (2008),, 2008. (2010), :, 2010. (2010), :., 2010 10. (2009), 2009. (2008),, 08-41. (2009),, 09-60. (2005), TV,, 6-1, 33-39. (2009),,, 7(2), 7-50. (2010),. (2008),,, 25 4, 199-222. (2009),, KDI 2009-06. (2008),., 2008.
142 (1991),,,, 30-2, 231-244. (2006),, 2006-07. (2010), :,, 2010 10. (2007), TV, 2007-10. (2008),, 2008-16. (2009),, 09-09. Chipty, Tasneem and Christoper M. Snyder(1999). The Role of Fir Size in Bilateral Bargaining: A Study of the Cable Television Industry, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 81, No. 2(May, 1999), pp.326 340. CRTC(2007). Broadcasting Public Notice 2007-53. CRTC(2009). Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2009-406. CRTC(2010a). Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2010-167. CRTC(2010b). Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2010-485. Eisenach, Jeffrey A.,(2009), The Economic of Retransmission Consent. Eisenach, Jeffrey A., Kevin W. Caves(2010), Retransmission Consent and Economic Welfare: A Reply to Compass Lexecon. European Commission(2002). must-carry obligations under the 2003 regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services. FCC(2000). FCC Adopts Rules for Retransmission Consent Nine Months ahead of Deadline. FCC(2003). Consumer Options for Selecting Cable Channels and their Tier Buy-
143 Through Prohibition. Hazlett, Thomas W.(1997). Must-Carry under Turner Broadcasting v. FCC. Supreme Court Economic Review, Vol. 8(1997), pp.141 207. Lubinsky, C.(1997). Reconsidering Retransmission Consent: An Examination of the Retransmission Consent Provision(47 USC 325(b)) of the 1992 Cable Act. Federal Communication Law Journal 49(1), pp.99 165. Katz, Michael L., Jonathan Orszag, Theresa Sullivan(2009), An Economic Analysis of Consumer Harm From the Current Retransmission Consent Regime. Multichannel News(2009). Mediacom Asks FCC for Retrans Help. Multichannel News(2010. 5. 6). NAB: Retransmission-Consent Regime is Working. Nalebuff, B.(2003), Bundling, Tying, and Portfolio Effects, DTI Economics Paper No. 1. Ofcom(2010). Pay TV Statement. Salop, Stenec C., Tasneem Chipty, Martino DeStefano, Serge X. Moresi, and John R. Woodbury(2010), Economic Analysis of Broadcasters Brinkmanship and Bargaining Advantages in Retransmission Consent Negotiations. SNL(2007. 7. 24). Media Money: Broadcast Viewing: How Low Can It Go?. SNL(2009. 10. 28). News Corp. reportedly upping the stakes in retrans talks. SNL(2009. 11. 11). Stations and networks eying higher retrans fees in round two. SNL(2009. 12. 18). FOX, Time Warner Cable go to the retrans mattresses. SNL(2009. 12. 29). Time Warner Cable reportedly willing to pay for FOX. SNL(2009. 12. 31). Sinclair, Mediacom extend carriage deal. SNL(2010. 1. 4). News Corp., Time Warner Cable reach agreement on retrans. SNL(2010. 1. 7). Mediacom, Sinclair make nice. SNL(2010. 4. 27). Let sleeping retrans fees lie. SNL(2010. 5. 11). Reported retrans revenues nearly double in 2009. Tech Daily Dose(2010. 3. 19). FCC Requests Comments On Retransmission Rules.
144 WeileyRein(2010 3. 9). Petition for Rulemaking to Amend Retransmission Consent Rules Filed with the FCC. Willard, Stephen Hopkins(1985), A New Method of Calculating Copyright Liability for Cable Rebroadcasting of Distant Televisions Signals. The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 94, No. 6, pp.1512 1528. (2007. 8. 17).. (2008. 2. 8) ). (2008). ). (2009).. (2007 10 5 ),, SO PP. (2010 4 28 ),, 25%. (2008 6 2 ), SO PP. (2008 7 30 ), SO, PP. (2008 11 6 ), SO 25% PP. (2009 4 24 ), PP. (2009 5 12 ),, PP. (2010 2 25 ), SO-PP. (2008 9 4 ), SO-PP. (2008 10 28 ), SO-PP 20%. (2010 9 8 ),, ( ). (2008 10 28 ), SO-PP VOD 20%.
145 (2006 12 6 ),. (2009 12 31 ),, TV. (2009 12 17 ), SO-PP TV PP, 2010.
2008 08 01 (,,, ) 08 02 (,,, ) 08 03 (DRM) (,,, ) 08 04 IT ( ) 08 05 (,,, ) 08 06 2.0 (,, ) 08 07 IT (,,, ) 08 08 IT (,,, ) 08 09 (,,, ) 08 10 All-IP ( ) 08 11 (two-sided market) (,,,,, ) 08 12 ASEAN IT (,,,, ) 08 13 IT FTA ( ) 08 14 : (,, ) 08 15 : (,,, )
08 16 ( ) ( ) 2009 09 01 (, ) 09 02 (,, ) 09 03 (,, ) 09 04 IPTV (,, ) 09 05 (,, ) 09 06 (,, ) 09 07 (,,, ) 09 08 (,, ) 09 09 (, ) 09 10 (,, ) 09 11 (I) (,, ) 09 12 (, ) 09 13 (,, ) 09 14 (,, ) 09 13 01 IT ( ) (,, ) 09 14 01 ( ) (,, )
2010 10 01 ( ) 10 02 IP (,, ) 10 03 (,,, ) 10 04 (,, ) 10 05 (, ) 10 06 (,, ) 10 07 : (,, ) 10 08 ( ) (,, ) 10 09 (MPS) (,, ) 10 10 ICT (,, ) 10 11 (, ) 10 12 ( ) 10 13 (II) ( ) 10 14 ICT (,, ) 10 15 u-city (,,,, ) 10 16 (,, ) 10 12 01 IT ( ) ( ) 10 13 01 ( ) (, )
2008 08 01 ( ) 08 02 ( ) 08 03 (,,,, ) 08 04 2008 TV (,,,, ) 08 05 ( ) 08 06 (,,,,, ) 08 07 (,, ) 08 08 2008 (,,, ) 08 09 (,,,,, ) 08 10 (,, ) 08 11 24 UPU (,,,, ) 08 12 (,,, ) 08 13 ( ) 08 14 ( ) 08 15 ( ) 08 16 (, ) 08 17 (,,, ) 08 18 New IT ( ), New IT ( ), New IT ( ) ( ) 08 19 IT ( ) 08 20 IT (,,,, )
08 21 2009 IT ( ) 08 22 ( ) 08 23 IT (,,,, ) 08 24 2007 ( ) 08 25 (,,,,, ) 08 26 (,,,,, ) 08 27 (,,, ) 08 28 TV ( ) 08 29 The e-business Strategy for APPU Countries ( ) 08 30 ( ) 08 31, ( ) 08 32 ( ) 08 33 (,,,, ) 08 34 FTA,WTO (,, ) 08 35 (,,,,, ) 08 36 (,,,, ) 08 37 ( ) 08 38 M&A : M&A ( ) 08 39 (USIMLock) ( ) 08 40 (WiBro, MVoIP ) (,,,,, )
08 41 (,,,, ) 08 42 / (,, ) 08 43 (,,,,, ) 08 44 ( ) 08 45 (, ) 08 46 (,,, ) 08 47 ( ) 08 48 ( ) 08 49, (,,,, ) 08 50 (,,, ) 08 51 (,,,,, ) 08 52 (,,, ) 08 53 08 09 ( ) 08 54 (,,, ) 08 55 ( ) 08 56 (,,, ) 08 57 ( ) 08 58 (,,,, )
08 59 (,,,,, ) 08 60 ( ) 08 61 : (,,, ) 08 62 ( ) 08 63 (,,,, ) 08 64 (,, ) 08 65 (,,,, ) 08 66 (, ) 08 67 ( ) 08 68 (,,,,, ) 08 69 ( ) 08 70 : (,,, ) 08 71 (,, ) 08 72 ( ) 08 73 ( ) 08 74 ( ) 08 75 ( ) 08 76 ( ) 08 77 ( ) 08 78 ( ) 08 79 ( ) 08 80 ( )
2009 09 01 ( ) 09 02 (,, ) 09 03 (,,,,, ) 09 04 (, ) 09 05 ITU (,,,, ) 09 06 ( ) 09 07 (,, ) 09 08 (,,, ) 09 09 EMS (,,,,, ) 09 10 (,,, ) 09 11 (,,,,, ) 09 12 (,,,, ) 09 13 2009 (,,, ) 09 14 (,, ) 09 15 (,,, ) 09 16 (,, ) 09 17 (, ) (,,,,, ) 09 18 (,,,, ) 09 19 010 (,,
) 09 20 (,, ) 09 21 / : (,,,, ) 09 22 (,, ) 09 23 (,,, ) 09 24 (,, ) 09 25 FTTH (,, ) 09 26 (, ) 09 27 (,, ) 09 28 (,,, ) 09 29 (,,, ) 09 30 (,,,, ) 09 31 (,, ) 09 32 (, ) 09 33 (,, ) 09 34 (,,,,, ) 09 35 (,,, ) 09 36 (,
, ) 09 37 IPTV (,,, ) 09 38 (,,, ) 09 39 (,,, ) 09 40 (,, ) 09 41 (,, ) 09 42 (,, ) 09 43 ( ) (,, ) 09 44 (,, ) 09 45 (, ) 09 46 (,, ) 09 47 (, ) 09 48 (,, ) 09 49 ( ) 09 50 ( ) 09 51 (2) (,, ) 09 52 2010 ( ) 09 53 (,,, ) 09 54 (,, ) 09 55 (KISDI ) 09 56 ( ) (, ) 09 57 2009 (,,, )
09 58 60 ( ) (, ) 09 59 (,,,,, ) 09 60 (,, ) 09 61 ( ) 09 62 ( ) 09 63 : ARS (,, ) 09 64 2009 (,,, ) 09 65 : (,,,, ) 09 66 (,,, ) 09 67 (,,, ) 09 68 (,,, ) 09 69 (,,,, ) 09 70 (,,,, ) 09 71 (, ) 09 72 IT IT ( ) 09 73 (, ) 09 74 IT (,, ) 09 75 (,,,, ) 09 76 (2) (,,,,, ) 09 77 ( ) 09 78 (,,, ) 09 79 (,,,
, ) 09 82 (,,, ) 09 83 (,,, ) 09 84 (,,,, ) 09 85 ( ) 09 86 (WTO) (FTA) (,,, ) 09 87 09 ( ) 09 88 (,,, ) 09 89 (,,, ) 2010 10 01 IPTV ( ) 10 02 (,, ) 10 03 2010 (, ) 10 04 (,,, ) 10 05 IT (,,, ) 10 06 (,, ) 10 07 (,, ) 10 08 ( ) 10 09 (,, ) 10 10
( ) 10 11 (,, ) 10 12 (,, ) 10 13 ( ) 10 14 (,,, ) 10 15 ( ) 10 16 (,, ) 10 17 (,, ) 10 18 ( ) 10 19 (, ) 10 20 R D (,,, ) 10 21 ( ) 10 22 (,, ) 10 23 ( ) 10 24 (,,, ) 10 25 (,, ) 10 26 (,,, ) 10 27 (,, ) 10 28 : Solution (,, ) 10 29 2009 ( )
10 30 (,, ) 10 31 IP ( ) 10 32 ( ) 10 33 IT (,,, ) 10 34 2011 ( ) 10 35 ( ) (, ) 10 36 ( ) 10 37 (,,, ) 10 38 IPTV (, ) 10 39 (, ) 10 40 : (,,, ) 10 41 : (, ) 10 42 : (,, ) 10 43 2010 (,,, ) 10 44 (,,, ) 10 45 (,, ) 10 46 (,,, ) 10 47 (,,, ) 10 48 IT (,, ) 10 49 (,, ) 10 50 2010 ( ) 10 51 2010 ( )
10 52 10 53 10 54 10 55 10 56 10 57 10 58 (, ) (, ) (, ) : ( ) (, ) (, ) (,, )
/ Univ. of Illinois / / 2010 12 2010 12 2 38( 1-1) TEL: 570-4114 FAX: 579-4695 6 ISBN 978-89-8242-726-8 93320