99-4 1999. 12.
99-4-2 4 - ( 4 ) : / 1999 12 30 2-22 1591-6 (431-712) 0343-80-0429( ) 0343-80-0114( ) 6,000 ISBN 89-8182-109-7.
,. 1970 10.,..,,,,. 21....,....,.. 21,,,. 4. 4 4,,,,, 1998 12 25 1999 1 30.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,.,. 1999 12 30 1 : 4 ( 1 ) 1 1 2 2020 3 2 1 2 3 1 2 21 3 4
5 6 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 1 2 6 1 2 3 4 2 : 4 ( 2 ) 7 1 2 3 4 8 1 2
3 9 1 2 3 10 1 2 3 11 1 2 3 12 1 2 3 13 1 2 14 15 1 2 3 : 4 ( 3 ) :
11 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 4 : 4 ( 4 ) : 1 2 3 4 SO C 5 6 7 8 < > 3 1 1. ( ) 23 2. ( ) 24 3. ( ) 25 4. ( ) 26 5. ( ) 28
12 6. ( )29 7. ( ) 31 8. ( ) 32 9. 21C ( ) 33 10. ( ) 36 11. ( ) 37 12. ( ) 39 13. ( ) 40 14. ( ) 41 15. ( ) 42 16. ( ) 43 17. Energy m ap overlap ( ) 45 18. ( ) 46 19. CALS GIS ( ) 48 20. ( ) 50 21. ( ) 52 22. ( ) 53 23. ( ) ( ) 68 24. ( ) 69 25. ( ) 70 26. ( ) 72 27., ( ) 81 28. ( ) 84 29. ( ) 85 30. ( ) 88 31. ( ) 89 32. ( ) 92 33. ( ) 95 34. 3 ( ) 96 35. ( ) 98 36. ( ) 100 37. ( ) 101 38. ( ) 102 39. ( ) 104 40. ( ) 106
13 41. ( ) 107 42. ( ) 108 43. ( ) 114 44. netw ork ( ) 116 45. ( ) 117 46. ( ) 119 47. ( ) 120 48. ( ) 122 49. ( ) 123 50. ( ) 124 51. ( ) 126 52. Integratest transp ort p olicy ( ) 127 53. ( ) 128 54. ( ) 129 55. ( ) 131 56. ( ) 132 57. ( ) 134 58. ( ) 135 59. ( ) 137 60. ( ) 138 61. 4 ( ) 140 62. ( ) 142 63. ( ) 147 64. ( ) 150 65. ( ) 152 66. 4 ( ) 159 67. ( ) 163 68. ( ) 165 69. ( ) 166 70. ( ) 167 71. ( ) 169 72. ( ) 171 74. ( ) 172 73. ( ) 173 75. ( ) 174
14 76. ( ) 175 77., ( ) 176 78. ( ) 177 79. ( ) 179 80. ( ) 181 81. N GO CBO, ( ) 182 82. ( ) 183 83. ( ) 184 84. ( ) 185 85. I.T.S Car Navigation ATMS ( ) 186 86. ( ) 187 2 1. ( ) 191 2. ( ) 192 3. ( ) 193 4. ( ) 194 5. ( ) 196 6. ( ) 197 7. SOC ( ) 198 8. ( ) 199 9. ( ) 201 10. ( ) 202 11. ( ) 203 12. ( ) 213 13. ( ) 214 14. ( ) 217 15. ( ) 218 16. ( ) 220 17. ( ) 221 18. ( ) 222 19. Indu strial Ecosystem ( ) 223 20. ( ) 224 21. ( ) 226
15 22. ( ) 227 23. ( ) 230 24. ( ) 232 25. ( ) 234 3 1. ( ) 239 2. ( ) 240 3. ( ) 245 4. ( ) 247 5. Wind Farm ( )( ) 248 6. ( ) 249 7. ( ) 256 8. ( ) 257 9. ( ) 258 10. - ( ) 263 11. ( ) 275 12. ( ) 281 13. ( )284 14. ( ) 285 15. ( ) 287 16. ( ) 288 17. ( ) 289 18. (TDR) ( ) 291 19. ( ) 292 20. ( ) 296 21. ( ) 297 22. N ational Green Plan ( ) 298 23. ( ) 299 24. ( ) 301 25. ( ) 302 26. 21C ( ) 305 27. Recycling ( ) 306 28. ( ) 307 29. ( ) 308 30. ( ) 309
16 31. ( ) 310 32. ( ) 311 33. ( ) 312 34. ( ) 313 35. ( ) 314 36. ( ) 315 37. ( ) 317 38. ( ) 318 39. ( ) ( ) 319 40. ( ) 320 41. ( ) 321 42. ( ) 323 43. ( ) 325 44. ( ) 326 45. U ( ) 330 46. ( ) 332 47. ( ) 335 4 SO C 1. SOC ( ) 339 2. ( ) 344 3. ( ) 345 4. ( ) 346 5. ( ) 350 6. ( ) 352 7. Metering P-turn ( ) 353 8. ( ) 359 9. ( ) 365 10. ( ) 366 11. ( ) 367 12. ( ) 369 13. ( ) 370 14. ( ) 380 15. ( ) 381 16. ( ) 382
17 17. ( ) 383 18. ( ) 384 19. ( ) 386 20. 21 ( ) 387 21. U ( ) 388 22. ( ) 390 23. ( ) 406 24. ( ) 407 25. ( ) 408 26., ( ) 409 27. ( ) 411 28. ( ) 415 29. ( ) 416 30. SO C ( ) 417 31. ( ) 419 32. ( ) 421 33. ( ) 423 34. ( ) 429 35. ( ) 430 36. ( ) 431 37. ( ) 432 38. ( ) 435 39. ( ) 436 40. ( ) 440 41. ( ) 442 42. ( ) 443 43. ( ) 444 44. ( ) 446 45. 2 ( ) 447 5 1. 21 ( ) ( ) 451 2. GIS GPS ( ) 452 3. ( ) 453 4. ( ) 454
18 6 1. ( ) 457 2. ( ) 458 3., ( ) 459 4. ( ) 461 5. ( ) 464 6. ( ) 465 7. ( ) 466 8. (, ) ( ) 468 9. ( ) 470 10. ( ) 471 11. ( ) ( ) 472 12. M BS( ) ( ) 474 13. ( ) 475 7 1. ( ) 479 2. ( ) 480 3. ( ) 484 4. ( ) 487 5. ( ) 489 6. ( ) 490 7. ( ) 491 8. ( ) 497 8 1. ( ) 503 2. ( ) 504 3. ( ) 505 4. ( ) 511 5. ( ) 516 6. ( ) 518 7. ( ) 519 8. - - - ( ) 522
19 9. ( ) 523 10. ( ) 525 11. ( ) 526 12. ( ) 527
20 1 1 ( )
1 23 4....,...
24 2 ( ). 4 ( )., 3. 4 ( )., 4 ( ) ( ).
1 25 3 ( ), Car-free program,
26 4 ( ) 1. 3, 4.. 4,. 2..,, ( ).. 2002, ( ).
1 27 5 ( ) - :. - ) + -21C,, 200. -.,,...
28 6 ( ) 1. 3 ( ) - (,, ) ( ), -,,, 1-2 - - (, ) 2. incentive 1),, 2) id ea incentive - (, ) - SOC (,, ) - Incentive -,,,, - (,, )
1 29 7 ( ). ( ). (,,, ) ex) Shuttle Air Bu s, Cable Car. (ex GP,, ). Green N etw ork System.. ( ) ex),.,, N ew Silk Road ( )
30 8 ( ) 1. -. 21. 3. 2. 1~3,. 4 2,,..
1 3 1 9 ( ) 21C 1. 21C ( ) ( ) - - 2 - - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - : - - : -
32 - : - - - : - - - : - - : -. 2. 4 ( ). 21C 4, 5. ( ),.,.,. ( ). (.,, ) 1970. ( )., ( ).,. 21C 60. 21C.
1 33 10 ( ) 4 3......
34 11 ( ) 4. 3,,, 4,. 4,........,,.....
1 35,.
36 12 ( ).. (, ).?. /. PC.
1 37 13 ( ). -.. -.. -..
38 14 ( ),.,,.,..,..,.
1 39 15 ( ) Alum inu m can
40 16 ( ) 1.. (strategic plannin g) 4.. Bryson ( ). 2. 21?.. 1, 2, 3,,. 4,. netw orks, 21.
1 41 17 ( ) Energy map overlap Cascade concept of energy(heat) utilization,. (, ) Energy system balance, harmonize, ( ), ( ) Energy m ap overlap..
42 18 ( ).. 1 6-8. 1, 2, 3.,.., 21. 1 ( )., /. http :/ / changhyun.org.
1 43 19 ( ) CALS GIS 21.. 1. CALS GIS 2.., 3. Eco-M edia Park Digital Valley 4. ( ) (,,, ) 5.
44 4.
1 45 20 ( ) 4. 1970, 2, 3,.,,,.,., 4..,...,.,,.
46 2 1 ( ) : : : : 21C : ( / / / / ), / / :
1 47 22 ( ) 1. 1) : 2) : 3) (,,,, ) (, ) 4) 5) (,, )
48 -, ( ) 2. 1) (1) 95 57, 96 64, 97 67 ( 66%) (97. 10.9) 1997~2001 9 28 850 96 21 ( 66%) (2) (3) 40%. (GB),,,, (4) ( ),
1 49 2) (, ) (1) 2, (2) (, ) IC ( ),,,,, ( ) - 2 1-7 1-3 - 1 3 IC 5 2 1 3 ( 1 3 ( ) ) 3. 1) (1) IC (2),,
50 (, ),,,,, (3) ( ) (4) 34 ( ) ( 3 ) 2) (1) IC (2) 21 1 ( ) 25 2 1 7 (3)
1 5 1, (4) 25 2 1 7-21 21-25 3) (1),. (2) ' 98.12 1,996 100m 385 105, 5.3%,, 6,500m, 960m (3), (4) 6 ( )
52 4. 1) (1). IC ( ) (, ) ( ) (2) (, ),,. ( ), ( ), (3) ( ) 6, (4) ( ) 2) (1)
1 53, 34 ( ) 1 7 (2) [ 57 ( 2)], 2020 7, 9,, (3) 34 6 3 3 ( ) 3) (1) 23.,,, (,, )
54 (2) 23, ( ). ( ) (3) 23. 4) (1) ( 25 ) ( 50 ) (2) (3) 5) IC, JCT ( )
1 55 (1) 45, 2 ) (2) ( ) ( ), (3), IC, JCT, IC, JCT 5) (1),,, 20 ( ) 7 (, )
56 (2) 1 ( ) (3) 11 ( ) (. ) 6) (1) 18 3, (2), ( ). (3) 19 2( ) 1 1 18 1 3 98.2.13 19 2 1 1 7)
1 57 (1) ( ) 87 1, 78 80 3 (2) (3),
58 23 ( ) ( ) 3,.,..
1 59 24 ( ) (nod al p oints) su bcenter infra data-base ( ) ( ). ) nod al p oints, clu sterin g G B ( ).. ( ) (d esignating units). ( ) ( )...
60 25 ( 2 ). 3 21. 1. (, ),. (,, ) 2., ( ) ( )., ( ).( 21 ) 3. (2016 ) 2 ( ),,,,. ( ),. ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ), ( )
1 6 1 ( ) ( ) ( ).
62 26 ( ) 1..,,. 2.. : 3...,,,,. 4. (prem ises). 4. : 1. -4., 30%. 5.
1 63.,,. 6..,,,,,,,. 7.... 1).,,,., 2,3. (intranet), (territory).,. 2). 3) (1) - / - / (2)
64,,,, 1) 2.,. 2) 1.,. 3) 2. ( ). 4). (,,, ).,.. (interm etrop o- litan p eriph ery). :,,,.,,,,,,,,.. 1).. 2)
1 65.. 1),,. 1) -, -.,,.,,. 2),, ( ),. 3).,,,. 4),. (, ). - -. 1)
66. 1),,. 2) 1 2. 1).,.,. 2)... 1),. 1).. 3.
1 67 2). (intra n et)..,.. 1) ( ; preservation). 2). 3).,,... -,,. 1)..
68 2). 1) 1. 2) 2. 3).
1 69 27 ( ), 4 21,,. ( ).. BESETO BESETO BESETO-KHA-SHA. 4.., Glocalization. BESETO-KHA-SHA. BESETO-KHA-SHA. 3.,.
70.,.,.., 4. 21... 4 BESETO-KHA-SH A...
1 71 28 ( ) 1. K L p ap er plan achieve plan 2 program 2. /.
72 29 ( ).,... 40~60%. 5.,,.,,.....,,,,. 1
1 73....,.,...
74 30 ( ),,.,. 1975 7 10........,..
1 75 3 1 ( ) 1.. Y T U. 4.,, 4., 4., 4., 4 4., 4.. 2.....,.
76..,.. 2 2.. 3.. 1 2 3. BESETO.
1 77 32 ( 3 ) 1 : 610 20,000. 2 : ( ). 10~13% B/ C Ratio IRR. 3 : ( ) (1/ 1200 )..
78 Screen ( ) Data Base ( ). ( ). 1/ 5000 ( ). Screen. 4 :. 2,000. 30~50cm (zoning),,,.,
1 79.
80 33 ( ) Safety. congestion. feasibility transportation accessibility. route ( hub ),. / internodal, hub and spoke.
1 8 1 34 ( 3 ) 1. 3 9 7 7 9. < > 9. 2. ( ).. 3... ( ). Sky Line. < >.
82 35 ( ).. 4...,.......,...
1 83 36 ( ),. 4.., ( ).. 4.
84 37 ( ).,. 4..,.,.
1 85 38 ( ).,, 5.,,. 4,,, 3. 4..,,.. 7 9.
86,,, ( ).,,. 4,, 4..
1 87 39 ( ) ( ).,,,..,... IMF...,..
88 4 0 ( ), ( ),....,.,,.
1 89 4 1 ( ) - - ( ) - - - - ( ) - - -, ( ) ),
90 4 2 ( ) 1. 1972 10 4... IMF. 4.....
1 9 1...,, 5~6..... IMF.. 2. 1).
92,,, 40%.,,,,,.. 2).,..,,. 3). 10 1 10. 1..
1 93,,,. 40% IMF SO C. IMF 200.. 3. 21 21 ( ). 21...
94 4 3 ( ) 1. 1) 21 2) 2.,,,
1 95 44 ( 2 ) network cyber space cyber space ( ) network. DMZ. 1km.. /. GIS...
96 45 ( ) 21!.........?...,, 3,... 21.
1 97 4 6 ( ) ( ) su stain abiliery d ensity cost 21C.,..
98 4 7 ( ).... ) : / / 4. ). (DMZ) / /. ),. ( ). 21C.,.. -,.,,,.,.., /.,
1 99.. GIS,... (G.B )
100 4 8 ( )... (,, ) (,, ),. ( ).,,,,.(,, ),,,.
1 10 1 4 9 ( ) 21C. 1., : - 1 - - / 2. -CKO (Chief Know ledge Officer) - - (, )
102 50 ( ) Pannel.,, Pannel.., ( ) list IMF. SOC IN FRA.
1 103 5 1 ( ),.,. ( )
104 52 ( ) Integratest transport policy 21 inter m odel transp ort netw ork integratest tran sp ort p olicy. su stainable d evelop m ent,.,, road show (, ).
1 105 53 ( ) 1. review (developm ent).,,, Project ( ). 2. ( ), ( ). (,,, ) 54 ( ).,,.
106 1.....,.. belt,.. ( ),,.. zon e, plan, ( ). zone plan ( )
1 107 55 ( ) 4. 3. ( )(1-3 )..
108 56 ( ).,,,. (Top d ow n). (Bottom u p).,.,,,. 4,.,, 4.
1 109 57 ( ) 4..,.,..,.,.
110 58 ( ) 1. ( ) ex), : ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) 2. (GIS) (, ) ( ) (,,, ) 3. ( ) : W ater front, : : SOC( ) -,,,, ( )
1 111 59 ( ).. (,,,,,,,,, ),. ( ) ( ), ( )...
112 60 ( )... 3,,,,,,,.. incentive. 94 4.. 3. 92%. IMF. 99..,.,
1 113.. P.U.D (Planned Units Developm ent). PUD..
114 6 1 ( ) 4 ) N ETWORK -,,,,,,,. 1. : 2012 : 1,500 : 750 : 250 7500.. 2. 5 (9 ) 23 4.
1 115 3.,,, (,,, ), 4. 4 5 (,, ) / / / /. SO C
116 62 ( ) 1. : - - -,,. - -, : -, - 10 ' 92 -,,,, 4,. 2. : : - 2001
1 117-2,, H ub. -. : - Hub, - 24 -,. 3. : 3 : -. - Hu b - 21 : - Tru nk-line H ub ( ) 3. - 3 Port - 20 21 3
118. 4. : : - -,, 3,, 119, - : - (,, ) - ' ' ( ), ' ',. -,,,,,,. 5. : <Bio-Tech > : - Bio-Technology 21. - -
1 119, : -,,, Bio-Tech, - - Green-Indu stry
120 63 ( ) 1. ( ) 3, ( ), (, -, -, - ) ( - ) 2. (,,, ),,,,. 3. 4. ( ) ( ) ( ),, 3, (, ). 4.. ( ),.,.
1 12 1 5. ( )., ( ),,.,, hu b ( ), hub ( ), ( ). 6. (,, ),, ( ) (,, )., ( ).
122 64 ( ) VISION. 4 1995 4 1., (, ) 5,000,,. 4,,.,. 8, 5, 1995 SO C. 1998 1 W IN 21( )..
1 123 65 ( ).,..,.,,,.,,. 1. 1) 5.,.,.,..
124.,.,., ( 3 ), ( 3 ).,..,.,,,. 2. 1)., - -,.,,., 21 22. < >
1 125.., -, -,, -., -.. 2).,.,,,,.,..,.,,.. 3)....
126.., < > 1. 1. -10 -. - -. - -. 2. - - - - - -. -.... 2. - -. -,. -,.,,, -,. 3. 1). 3,.,,.
1 127 2).,,. 3,....,. 1)..,.,, 3.,, 1998.9, p290..,,,,,..,,,.,, 1),, 1998.9, p290.
128,.
1 129 66 ( ) 4 1..,,,.....,,.,,. 2... 50 1 2 3.,.
130..., 3. (Resource Managem ent).,.,,,,,,.. 4.,, 3.. Carrot and Stick,,,.
1 13 1 (1998) (The establishm ent of sequ ential developm ent p aradigm shift for su stainablility), 89,, p p51-65 Erh ard, Lu dw ig (1997) W ohlstand fu er Alle; Du esseldorf, p 387 Von Weisaecker, Ernst U (1994) Um w eltstand ort Deutschland;Argum ente gegen die O ekologische Phantasielosigkeit; Berlin, Basel, Boston, Birkhaeu ser, p 344
132 67 ( 2 ) 1. 1 1 (id) 1 2. ( ) ex),, -, ( ) ( ) - - : 1 30 1 ( 8 ) 3. - ( ) -,
1 133 68 ( ),. /. / / / / / /. IMF,. /. /, /...
134 69 ( 3 ) 1. DMZ ( - - ) 2., 3. -
1 135 70 ( ), : 60. 4..,. - -, : 2-3..,.., 30 Great Depression N ew Deal Policy T.V.A Public w orks IMF.. IMF Deal Policy. id ea. Our Deal Policy..
136 71 ( ) 4., 4. 4.. 4..... 95...,.....
1 137 72 ( ) 1. 2000,.,,.. 2.,...,.. 3..,..
138 74 ( ). ( ).,...
1 139 73 ( ) - ( ) ( ). -. - - - 1 - - 1 -,,. -,. -, (,,,, )
140 75 ( ) 5,,.. Bottom -up approach.. (,,..) vision 4,.
1 14 1 76 ( ) O D. ( ),.,.,.,.,.
142 77 ( ),, ( ). X 3 3. -3,,,... ) ( )..
1 143 78 ( ) 1. 4 21 4. 93.4.14 7 9. 4 (,,, ).. DMZ. 2. 96.9. 21 21. 1 1 1. 7 7.
144 3. 4 N etw ork 4. - 3 (5, 6, 7 ), 4 (1, 2, 3, 4 ) -. -.
1 145 79 ( )..,...,...,,,....,. TV.?.,..,.....
146,......
1 147 80 ( 2 ).....
148 81 ( ) NGO CBO,, N GO CBO. (N GO) (CBO).,., ( ).., 2000., ( ).., Agen da (H abitat Agend a),., (hou sing rights).
1 149 82 ( ) 10 (goal) 4..,.,.. 21C.
150 83 ( ) project 300 ( ).. Project. dem an d.. 1. 2.
1 15 1 84 ( ), -,.,,,,,, KRIHS,
152 85 ( ) I.T.S Car Navigation ATMS.,, I.T.S Car N avigation ATMS G7. (.) IMF Softw are H ardw are, R&D 5-10., Venture GIS GPS.,., IMF,, 5~10.,,,. 86 ( ) 4 ( ) 21 ( ) -,
1 153 -. ( ) 3( ) 3( )...,, Them e. 2
2 19 1 1 ( ) T....
192 2 ( ) 1. ( )- : (express), 1 10 ( ), 4. 2.,,... (,, ).
2 193 3 ( ),.. - :,,, - :,, -. - :,, - : 50 - (,, ) ( IC ) (,.)
194 4 ( ) 4. 4 - - small tri- angle - - big tri- angle.. 1997 ( ) 6.,. 6 ( ), ( ),, ( ),, ( ).,,.,.( 1 ) 4, (techno- belt ).., -,, -.( 2 ) 11,.
2 195 5 ( )..,.,..,.,.,..
196 6 ( ) 1...., -, -, - 2. 7.. 7.
2 197 7 ( ) SOC 2002 4.., 1960.... 21 SOC.
198 8 ( ) (, ).., 10 4. 3.8,... 4...,.,,.. ( ),.,.,.,
. 2 199
200 9 ( ) < - >. (,,, ),.,. 4.,,,.
2 20 1 10 ( ) 1. 1.....,.. 2....
202 11 ( ) 4. 21.! 4,. 12,,... ( 30 ), ( )., 4.?,.,.,. (GDP 16 5%)... 5 100, 7 200.,... 212. 80, 40
2 203..,. 94.11.8 4,,.. 4.,?.. 3. 6,,, 200. ( ). 4.. 11, 4.5%. 99.7%..,, - 3, - -.,,. < > - ( )
204 20 23 30 32 34 62 (km) 240 271 394 402 428 28 470 552 723 773 822 1,490 710 823 1,117 1,250 1,250 1,518 ( ) 1,440 1,669 2,264 2,457 2,534 3,098 : 1 1km, - 15, - 38, - 67, - 453, 1. ( ) 1) (1) (2) (3) ( ) 1) (1) -,, 5 - - 14m,,, -,,, 3 (,, ) (2)
2 205 < > ( ) - - 450km 526,000 210km 299,000 240km 227,000 : 1T EU, (1994.11), - < > - - 511 294 317 24 14 10 $27,215 $15,669 $11,546 (1TEU 9,200) : 2 1,000TEU, - Feeder - Supply - led ( ) (3) - : ( ) - : - 3) (1), (2) 4)
206 (1) ( : TEU) 2001 2011 - - - - - (TSR) - 20% - 20% - 3% 20% - 6% 0.75% 15 41 16 2 45 25 22 110 32 10 60 38 144 272 : - 40%, 25%, 100%, ( : TEU) 1993 2001 2010 - - - - - 8 38 224-375 1,990 74 205 539 10 752 3,323 110 550 1,057 40 1,007 5,095 : ( ). 2001 2010 ( TEU) ( TEU) 122 1,863 231 2,495
2 207 (2) : 500, 2000, 1,000 : 15,000-20,000, 50,000, 5) (1) 2001 2011 10,000-1 15,000-1 5-10 20,000-1 50,000-1 ( ) 20,000-1 15,000-1 6 5 4 5,000-1 20,000-1 2 5-3,000-5,000-1 5 : 10 ( 4 5 ) 4 6 2 8 6-6 7 0 ( 1,030 ) - (2) 1 - - -, 2 -, ( -
208 1 2-1 2,173-2 2,154 - : 770 6) (1) 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 2011 ( : ) 58,349 65,777 75,021 84,678 96,703 53,548 434,076 (2) 2001 2010 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3,200 1,500 1,700 3,800 7,000 5,000 2,800 2,200 6,000 11,000
2 209 12 ( ) (3, 5 ) (, ) - system - system ( ) - ( ) gap 21
210 13 ( ).,., -..... ( )., Monitoring,.( - )...,.
2 2 11.,..... -,,,, -,,.( )
212 14 ( )...,...,..
2 2 13 15 ( )...(, )...... (,, )., ( )..
214 16 ( ).. 7, 5-10.,,. 1 10..
2 2 15 17 ( )., 50%.. 4.,,,. 4....,,. 21., 21.
216 18 ( ) :. infrastructure. (= ) (= ). route(network). T CR, T SR, T AR ( ).
2 2 17 19 ( 2 ) Ind ustria l Ecosystem industrial ecosystem[symbiosis],,.,, industrial ecosystem.
218 20 ( ).... 1998 11 5 5.. 100....... 3,..
2 2 19 21 ( ) 4..... - 426km 200km. -,,,.
220 22 ( ) -., Paradigm.,,...,,,. - -,. -,. -,
2 22 1 ( ),. ( ) -,. (, )
222 23 ( ) 1. 4 21 4. 93.4.14 7, 9 4 (,,, ).. DMZ. 2.. 96.9. 21 21 1 1, 1 7 7. 3. 4 Network
2 223 4. - 3 (5,6,7 ), 4 (1,2,3,4 ) -.
224 24 ( ),., 2. 1 : 2 :. ( ).,..,.,... - - ( ) ( )..,. 1.
2 225 25 ( ) 1. Enterprise Zone.. Enterprise Zone 1980 ( ). 1970.. Peter Hall 1980 Enterprise Zone. Enterprise Zone.. Enterprise Zone - - ( ) - - - - - - - - 2...,
226. Enterprise Zone. Enterprise Zone.,,.
3
3 239 1 ( ) 21. 21 ( ). 4 ( ). ( ).,. ( ).
240 2 ( ) 1...,..,..,,,.. A. hardware( ) ( ) C.? B.?? D.? E. (software)..,.,, 2~3.....
3 24 1... 1).,...??.?.,.....,... 2). 4...,... 4. 2. ( )
242.,..?. (identity ).. ( ),.....,,.....
3 243 3 ( ) (WSP, vermicomposting), (ecological & economical engineering method) (WSP, waste stabilization pond) - merit point N, P,, protein recovery methane gasification chemicals extraction. -,,. 1. vermicomposting merit point slurry,,.
244 4 ( ).,,,,, corridor..
3 245 5 ( ) Wind Farm( ) ( ) California Wind Farm,, ( :, ), ( : Solan )
246 6 ( ) 1.,, 21. (Environmental Design ),,, Environmental T echnology..,,. IMF.,,....,.... 2.
3 247,,,,. 3. 1995. 8. ( ) Urban Design Guideline. 4.. 1). ( )..,,,,. 2),,,,,,.. 3) (La ndma rk)
248.,.. 4),,. identity. 5)..... 6),, 4..,.. 5..
3 249 - - - PR - - 6.,......... -. -. -,. -. -.
250 7 ( ),....,....,. 20 ( 10 ) ( )..
3 25 1 8 ( ) 4,. ( ).,,,.,. 7.,,,, (, ), - - - -
252 9 ( ).,. (NOx ) ( ), (VOC),. (VOC). VOC. VOC. VOC.. ( ), ( ),,,. ( ).,, (Isoprene), (Monoterpene: alpha- pinene) VOC..,., VOC 7, 3 (, 1998)., 65%, 82%., 45%, ( ) 28%.,,,.,,,,. VOC
3 253. 1978 1989 7 ( 6300 ) VOC, (> 120ppb ). VOC,. (Oak tree) (OFP ) 75 VOC 4. NOx,..,,.,., (trees),.,, (OFP ).. ( VOC, ).. (,,, ).. ( 60 ppbv ; 100ppv ).
254 10 ( ) - Natural Volatile Organic Compounds - Emis s ions and Control Strategy 1 VOC,.., ( ),,,. ( ). 500 825 T gc/ yr ( VOC 1150 T gc/ yr )., (Isoprene), (Monoterpene) VOC., (Fehsenfeld et al., 1992). T able 3-1 VOC.., VOC VOC VOC. VOC Went (1960). (blue haze) VOC Went (1960). VOC OH. VOC (Guenther et al., 1994). VOC. SO2, NOx, NMHC VOC. VOC.
3 255,.,. 2. VOC T able 3-2 VOC., 65% 20% (, 1995) VOC. < > Global natural VOC emission rate estimates (Tg C yr- 1) by source and compound Monoter Isoprene pene ORVOC OVOC Total VOC Note Woods 372 95 177 177 821 Crops 24 6 45 45 120 Shrub 103 25 33 33 194 Ocean 0 0 2.5 2.5 5 Other 4 1 2 2 9 All 503 127 260 260 1150 : Natural VOC species are grouped into four catogories: Isoprene, Monoterpenes, ORVOC, and OVOC. where ORVOC = Other Reactive VOC, OVOC Source: Guenther et al. (1994) = Other VOC 3 VOC VOC,., (Kim, 1997). (surface layer theory ). VOC,, (Kim, 1995). GC/ MS, GC/ FID (e.g., Aerotrap 6000, T ekmar ).. Emissions = ( Biomass ) x Green Area x Emission F actor ( g C/ hr) (kgdw/ ha) (ha) ( gc/ kgdw/ hr) Emissions = ( Leaf Area ) x Green Area x Emission F actor ( g C/ hr) (km2leaf area/ ha) (ha) ( gc/ km2leaf area/ hr) dw dry weight.
256,,,,,,, (Kim, 1995; Guenther et al., 1994). VOC,. 1990 (, ). VOC. Altshuller (1983) VOC 18 T g C yr - 1 30 60 T g C yr - 1., 1.5 3, Winer (1983) 4 10. T able 3-3 1960 VOC. Guenther (1994) 7. < > Comparison of global natural VOC emission rate estimates (Tg C yr- 1) Isoprene Monoterpene ORVOC OVOC Total Rasmussen and Went (1965) 432 Robinson and Robbins (1968) 480 Zimmerman (1979) 350 480 Rasmussen and Khalil (1988) 452 Dignon and Logan (1990) 450 Taylor et al. (1990) 175 143 Turner et al. (1992) 285 Muller (1992) 250 147 491 Guenther et al. (1994) 503 127 260 260 1150 Note : Natural VOC species are grouped into four catogories: Isoprene, Monoterpenes, ORVOC, and OVOC. where ORVOC = Other Reactive VOC, OVOC = Other VOC Source: Guenther et al. (1994) VOC. 65% VOC 75%, 25 %., VOC, VOC, VOC 3. 4. VOC VOC 3
3 257 VOC 65%. 1) VOC.,.,. (Conifers) 44.7% 82% (, 54.2%). < > (ha) (ha) (%) (%) 60543 15957 26 46.5 53117 22027 41 45.8 45617 23547 52 40.3 33961 9982 29 26.5 50132 20348 41 58.3 53985 30859 57 40.5 1078032 584988 54 35.1 1687041 1371363 82 54.2 743856 503031 68 37.6 836765 445912 53 51.1 804177 453661 56 54.8 1186332 700138 59 61.8 1945110 1375215 71 46.1 1178023 799349 68 47.0 182660 93175 51 26.2 :, 1995 T able 5. < >
258 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Abies firma Siebold et Zuccarini Abies holophylla Maximowicz Abies Koreana Wilson Abies nephrolepis Maximowicz Cedrus deodara(roxb) Loudon Moni Fir Needle Fir Korean Fir Manchurian Fir Deadar Cedar Himalay Cedar,,, 500 2000m,, 700m. 1930 Larix gmelini var prineipisuprechtii(m Prince Ruprecht, ayr) Pilger Larch Larix Leptolepes(Sieb. et Zucc) Gordon Japanese Larch Picea abies Karsten Norway Spruce (,, ) Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc) Carriere Pinus banksiana Lambert Pinus bungeana Zuccarine et Endlecher Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini Pinus paruiflora Siebold et Zuccarini Yedo Spruce Jack Pine, 1904, 1920,, 500 2300m Laceback Pine Japanese Red Pine Korean Pine Japanese white Pine,,,,, Pinus pumila Regel Pinus rigida Miller (, ) : (1995) Pinus strobus Linnaeus Pinus taeda Linnaeus Pinus thunbergii Parlatore Japanese stone Pine Dwarf Siberian Pine Pitch Pine White pine Wey mouth's Pine Loblolly Pine Japanese Black Pine, 900 2500m.,,,
3 259.. :,, :,,, :,, :,, :,,,, :,,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,. 1 : 13 14,,,,,,,. - :,,,,,,,,,,. 2 : 12 13, 1. - :,,,,,,,,. 3 : 9 12 2,,,. - :,,,,,,,,. 4 :, 5. - :,,,,. 5 : - :,,,,,. (Deciduous T rees) ( ) 26%. T able 3-6.,,,.
260 < > ( : %) 20.3 54.2 9.6 46.5 28.2 37.6 12.4 45.8 23.3 51.1 12.1 40.3 15.6 46.1 33.4 26.5 18.7 47.0 10.6 58.3 25.8 54.8 40.5 40.5 18.6 61.8 35.4 35.1 39.7 26.2 :, 1995,. < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 482,464 22.8 1 24,652,899 24.4 2 399,101 18.9 2 18,795,312 18.6 3 392,612 18.6 3 17,008,647 16.8 4 296,806 14.0 4 16,027,308 15.9 5 124,589 5.9 5 4,807,163 4.8 6 106,640 5.0 6 4,508,184 4.5 7 84,815 4.0 7 4,378,913 4.3 8 81,588 3.9 8 4,167,102 4.1 9 79,909 3.8 9 3,802, 874 3.8 10 64,482 3.1 10 2,806,8047 2.8
3 26 1 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 111,871 40.2 1 4,509,756 38.5 2 35,257 12.7 2 1,542,344 13.2 3 30,262 10.9 3 1,284,874 11.0 4 26,839 9.6 4 1,250,234 10.7 5 23,414 8.4 5 1,014,884 8.7 6 21,951 7.9 6 872,631 7.4 7 10,086 3.6 7 412,415 3.5 8 9,034 3.2 8 396,952 3.4 9 5,364 1.9 9 251,826 2.1 10 4,375 1.6 10 186,486 1.6 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 223,936 43.2 1 16,297,021 44.0 2 94,664 18.0 2 5,774,962 15.6 3 72,376 13.8 3 5,535,751 15.0 4 34,389 6.6 4 2,496,747 6.7 5 22,003 4.2 5 1,397,619 3.8 6 20,749 4.0 6 1,395,868 3.8 7 19,064 3.6 7 1,311,988 3.5 8 15,329 2.9 8 1,131,695 3.1 9 12,005 2.3 9 880,848 2.4 10 10,378 2.0 10 819,251 2.2 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 70,240 31.5 1 2,632,194 28.3 2 38,709 17.3 2 1,773,916 19.0 3 35,463 15.9 3 1,509,613 16.2 4 30,569 13.7 4 1,368,772 14.7 5 14,014 6.3 5 558,027 6.0 6 9,245 4.1 6 407,902 4.4 7 8,699 3.9 7 303,118 3.3 8 5,791 2.6 8 273,862 2.9 9 5,337 2.4 9 273,536 2.9 10 5,233 2.3 10 211,813 2.3 < >, ( )
262 (ha) % (m3) % 1 41,737 27.7 1 1,523,218 28.2 2 35,268 23.4 2 1,227,278 22.8 3 23,166 15.4 3 848,223 15.7 4 11,746 7.8 4 413,791 7.7 5 8,431 5.6 5 297,133 5.5 6 7,865 5.2 6 274,558 5.1 7 6,694 4.4 7 244,247 4.5 8 6,025 4.0 8 221,840 4.1 9 5,994 4.0 9 214,531 4.0 10 3,589 2.4 10 128,311 2.4 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 29,761 20.9 1 1,420,546 23.8 2 29,133 20.5 2 1,018,440 17.0 3 21,167 14.9 3 882,690 14.8 4 18,436 13.0 4 729,765 12.2 5 8,828 6.2 5 487,526 8.2 6 8,568 6.0 6 453,134 7.6 7 7,581 5.3 7 312,427 5.2 8 7,217 5.1 8 264,565 4.4 9 6,744 4.7 9 206,919 3.5 10 4,886 3.4 10 138,584 2.3 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 36,097 19.8 1 1,035,410 17.7 2 32,417 17.8 2 1,027,505 17.6 3 29,169 16.0 3 958,071 16.4 4 25,019 13.7 4 830,888 14.2 5 16,873 9.3 5 528,139 9.0 6 12,527 6.9 6 414,509 7.1 7 10,147 5.6 7 344,907 5.9 8 9,919 5.4 8 343,274 5.9 9 5,163 2.8 9 194,019 3.3 10 4,952 2.7 10 171,095 2.9 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 144,646 33.3 1 5,883,283 30.4 2 72,279 16.6 2 3,110,648 16.1 3 53,879 12.4 3 2,958,313 15.3 4 53,211 12.2 4 2,757,092 29.4 5 48,095 11.1 5 1,802,294 9.3 6 17,627 4.1 6 872,371 4.5 7 12,157 2.8 7 627,198 3.2 8 11,795 2.7 8 480,701 2.5 9 10,429 2.4 9 463,155 2.4 10 10,353 2.4 10 419,943 2.2
3 263 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 75,623 33.7 1 2,361,680 26.7 2 33,841 15.1 2 1,221,408 13.8 3 29,195 13.0 3 1,177,822 13.3 4 25,699 11.5 4 1,068,778 12.1 5 25,593 11.4 5 695,057 7.9 6 20,539 9.2 6 631,983 7.2 7 17,013 7.6 7 515,665 5.8 8 8,791 3.9 8 318,339 3.6 9 7,708 3.4 9 588,445 6.7 10 6,114 2.7 10 257,462 2.9 < >, ( ) (ha) % (m3) % 1 11,208 33.9 1 1,172,165 35.9 2 6,082 18.2 2 597,777 18.3 3 3,481 10.5 3 436,585 13.4 4 3,337 10.1 4 306,511 9.4 5 2,417 7.3 5 185,524 5.7 6 1,700 5.1 6 151,015 4.6 7 1,698 5.1 7 119,418 3.7 8 1,257 3.8 8 119,144 3.7 9 1,028 3.1 9 107,616 3.3 10 836 2.5 10 66,909 2.1 :, 1996 5. VOC, VOC 7, 3., 65%, 82%., 45%, ( ) 28%.,,,.,,,,. VOC. 1978 1989 7 ( 6300 ) VOC, (> 120ppb ). VOC,. (Oak tree) (OFP ) 75
264 VOC 4. NOx,. 1).,. (trees ).,, OFP...... ( 60 ppbv ). (1995) 1991 1994 139 433,.., VOC., (1997, 9).,,. Alt shuller, A.P. (1983) Review : Natural Volatile Organic Substances and their Effect on Air Quality in the United States. Atmospheric Environment 17, 2131-2165. F ehsenfeld F., Calvert J., F all R., Goldan P., Guenther A.B., et al, (1992) Emissions of volatile organic compounds from vegetation and the implications for atmospheric chemistry. Global Biochemical Cycles, 6, 389-430. Guenther A., Hewitt N., Erick son D., F all R., Geron C., Graedel T., Harley P., Klinger L., Lerdau M., Mckay W.A., Pierce T., Scholes B., Steinbretcher R., T allamraju R., T aylor, J. and Zimmerman P.R., (1995) A global model of natural
3 265 volatile organic compound emissions. J. Geophy s. Res. 100, 8873-8892. Kim J - C (1995) Monoterpene emission s from pine trees and their contributions to ambient air quality in a southeastern pine forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, UF, Gainesville, FL., pp88-102. Kim J - C, E.R. Allen and J.D. John son (1995) T erpene emis sion s in a southeastern pine forest, in technical session of 88th national AWMA annual conference proceeding (paper # 95-WA74A.03) San Antonio, T exas, June 18-23 Kim J - C (1997) Biogenic Hydrocarbon Emis sion s in a Southeastern Pine F orest, U.S.A. Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 2, 95-106. Lamb B.K., Guenther A., Gay, D. and Westberg, H.H. (1987) A national inventory of biogenic hydrocarbon emission s. Atmospheric Environment 21, 1695-1705. Lamb B.K., Westberg H.H., Quarles T. and Flyckt D.L. (1984) Natural Hydrocarbon Emis sion Rate Measurement s from Selected F orest Sites. EPA - 600/ S3-84- 001: U.S.EPA. Went F.W. (1960) Blue hazes in the Atmosphere. Nature 187, 641-643. Winer A.M., F itz D.R. and Miller P.R. (1983) Investigation of the Role of Natural Hydrocarbon s in Photochemical Smog F ormation in Calif., Contract #A0-056- 32, Air Resour. Board, Sacramento. Winer A.M., Arey J., Atkinson R. and Aschmann S.M. (1992) Emission rates of organics from v egetation in California 's Central Valley. Atmospheric Environment 26, 2647-2659. (1995),,. (1995) ( 25 ),. (1996).
266 11 ( 3 ) - ( :,, ),,, 1900 50-60,.
3 267 12 ( ),. 21 4.,.,.....,........,...,..... ( ).,.,....,.
268.. 21..,?.....,..,. 4. 4. =!
3 269 13 ( ) 3,. 3., 21.,,.,...,.,,..
2 70 14 ( ) 1000,. 1980, 1991.,,,. 1990, 70%., NIMBY.,. 1998 100,.,.,,.
3 271 15 ( ) 3., 1.,., ( ).,.
2 72 16 ( ),.,,,.. (city tourism ) - Infra T ech Park, T heme P ark, Industrial T ourism (Heritage tourism ) -,, (Eco- tourism ) - DMZ, (Recreation) -,. (Sustainable T ourism ).
3 273 17 ( ).........,. ( ).,???.,,.
2 74 18 ( ) (TDR) :, : T DR., :,,,, : ( ) Pinelands,
3 275 19 ( ) 1. 1) ( ) (,, ) ( ) 2).,. 1, 2, 3 1 2, 2, 3.,,,.. ( ).... (.) ( ).???., ( : C.C, )..,.?,..,
2 76..( )?. 2. 1).,.,, (, ) 2)... (,. ),.. 2-3 (,, - -,,? ) T V??.. ( 1. -?).?.,.
3 277 20 ( )...,. (15 ). (, ),.,,,.,. ( ),,,, 120 2
2 78 21 ( ). Dam... 100m..
3 279 22 ( ) Nationa l Green Plan 4,, 21C ( ). Green plan <National Green Plan>. <National Green Plan>,, <Local Green Plan>. <National Green Plan> 4.
280 23 ( ) 1. 3,,,. 5,,,,,,.,,,. 2. 3 90% p239. 1990 N.S.W 1991 Hawaii Ocean and Marine Resources Council. 1990 N.S.W (Sydney ) (conservation ) (preservation) ( )
3 28 1 3. data data.
282 24 ( ).,..
3 283 25 ( ) 21.,....,.,,..,.. (rent). 4., 1 2 100. 1 3 70, 2 30 70 3.,,. 1..,., ( ),...
284.,.....
3 285 26 ( ) 21C 21C..,,,., 21C., (, ).,,., 21C...
286 27 ( ) Recyc ling 21C ( ),,. (ESSD). 222, 99. 65%, 21%,, 4.3%.. RECYCLING. 3 (LOST LAND SPACE), 28 ( ) 1. :, 2.,, ( )
3 287 3. ( ) 1,,, ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ) 4. ( ) :,
288 29 ( ). (carrying capacity ) (Ecological planning)., NGIS, GIS. GIS ( :, ( :Ecological model) ).. ( ).
3 289 30 ( )..,. 4, ( ).,.
290 31 ( ) (is land) ( )..,. (island).,..
3 29 1 32 ( ) 3,.,...,. 4...
292 33 ( )..,,,.,..,,,.
3 293 34 ( ). 4 (ESSD: Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Develop - ment).
294 35 ( ) 4. 1992 2001 3 2 4.,,,.. 4,,,, ( ),, ( ) Hub,. 5 2000.
3 295 36 ( ) (, ) ), (,, ) ( ) ) : (T ourism Information Center ) (Information Center ) network ( ) event ) 1, 1, ) RBD( ) ( 1998,, ) ( :sun belt, :snow belt ) ) ( ) : ( ), 4 ( - - - ) ( - - ) - cruise( ) U - ( ) - Snow belt (, ) (, )
296 37 ( ) 21 OECD (amenity ).. ( -,, ).. ( ).
3 297 38 ( )....,... ( ).
298 39 ( ) ( ) 1. ( )...,. ( ), - 1 ( ) 2. :,, :. 21
3 299 40 ( ),.,,.
300 41 ( ) 1.. UN, 1,280.. 2. :.. 3 4. :.. :.. 21,. :.,.. 1 4.
3 30 1 42 ( ). 21..,.. 4,,.,,... 5..... ( ).,.,,..... 4.
302 43 ( ) 21. 1992 UN Agenda21,, UN For Life on Earth..,,.., 1 2..
3 303 44. 30 5,341.33 100. ( ). 21,.,,,.. 30.. 3 19.
304.,.,,,,. (,,, ),,,,,,.,? -,, -,, - :,,,, :,,, :,, - : 50 60% - : : :,
3 305-1 : - 2 : - 3 :
306 45 ( ) U (, ) 21C. 21C U..... 21C. 21C U 21C... 21C,,,,, ( ),,. 21C.
3 307 46 ( ),., 2 3, 4 4,, (hard) (soft ) ) :, : 10.,,,.,,
308,,,,, 4 :, 5, ( ),,, :,,, 4
3 309 47 ( )..,.,.,.,.,. 1.
310 4 SOC
4 SOC 339 SOC 1 ( ) SOC 1. SOC SOC ( ) Infra ( ) SOC / /., ( ). 2. ( ) SOC ( )., /,,,. ( :,,, ) Cash Plus. SOC ( ) Flow - / / SOC SOC, - SOC Infra, -,, -,, (, ). - (Financing Source)
340 (Source), Project Financing Brand Image,,,,,,,, Mutual Fund, Fund Fund SOC,, (Assurance), Tax 1) (1),,.,. (Developer ) BOT, 3. (Operator ). T enant,
4 SOC 34 1 T enant Chain Package Image,, Incentive. ) T enant - A Brand (XX XX ) Package,, (Developer), -,, 2) Street Furniture,..,,. (.) ( 200 20 ).,.. - : : Osaka Business Park, Battery Park City :, Poster City -,,,. 3),. 3,.,..,.,,.,.,..,.
342.
4 SOC 343 SOC 2 ( ).., 1...
344 SOC 3 ( ) -, - SOC,,.
4 SOC 345 SOC 4 ( ) 1. 10 40..,,.,,,,,. 2. 5 (TIP).. 10,,,..,
346 (Capital Improvement Program ).,,,,...,,. 3. 5 (TIP) 5 4...,,..,,. 10,... 5,
4 SOC 347. (,,, ). ( )
348 SOC 5 ( ) 1. rk network (, ), network ( ) 2. 3... 4. pipe line,, pipe line. 5. 100% SOC. 6. 7. system.,.
4 SOC 349 SOC 6 ( ), -., 4 7 9., 2.
350 SOC 7 ( 11 ) Metering P- turn ( ) (. 4 2,. 30 70% ). Metering P - T urn,. 1.. (T SM. T ransportation System Management)..,,. P - T urn,. P - T urn. P - turn,. P-Turn. P-turn. 2.
4 SOC 35 1 P - T urn, P - T urn. P - T urn P - T urn, P - T urn P - T urn P - T urn., < 1>. 4 1 2 3 4 < 1> 4 P - T urn 2 Metering P - T urn P - T urn. (Uninterrupted flow ) Metering (Interrupted flow ). < 2> P - T urn P - T urn P - T urn, < 3> P - T urn (, P - T urn ) Metering P - T urn, P - T urn, (nose),.
352 P-Turn 1 2 < 2> P- Turn P-Turn 1 2 < 3> P-Turn 4) P-Turn
4 SOC 353 Signal interval 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Y R R R R Y R R R R R R Y R R R R Y R R R R R R R R Y R R R R Y R R R R R R Y R R R R Y ) : Y, R P - T urn, P - T urn, P - T urn P - T urn P - T urn Metering Clearance time interval P - T urn. P - T urn < 3> < 4> Interval Metering.
354 SOC 8 ( ) 1.,...,,,, 30,000(1997 ). < > 5 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 670 773 866 806 847 6.4% < > (1997 ) ( / ) ( ) 29,472 564/ 1,631 121,712,. /
4 SOC 355.. < > 3 < >..,,. 2., /. 3. 1) - - -
356 - - ( / ( )/ ) - - - 4. /.. 5.. - - - ( ) - / - - -
4 SOC 357 - - -
358 SOC 9 ( ),..,,,..,..,. 4.
4 SOC 359 SOC 10 ( ), ( ). ( ).,..,,
360 SOC 11 ( ),,..,,.....,,,.
4 SOC 36 1 SOC 12 ( ),..,,.,...
362 SOC 13 ( ) 1. 21 1) 21,,,,,. -,,,. -,. -,,. -.,, 24,..,,. 2) (1). -,,,,,,. -,,
4 SOC 363,. (2),, < >. -, 21. -., < >,.. (3) - 80%. -. - 1960. 2/ 3,. - 1960 21% 1980 35.5%, 1995 45.3%. - 1970 36 1980 32, 1990 12. -., -,,,,,,,. 20. - ;, 500km/ h ( ) 20,. - 30.,,
364. 2. 1),,. -,.,,,,,, < >. < >, < >, < > 3. - < > 3.,,,,,,. -,,. -., - (,,, ), -.,,. (, ) (, ),,. - ( )
4 SOC 365,,.,,.. - ; - 500km/ h ( ) (,,, ) (, ), ( ). - 30,, (F eeder T ransit),., < >. - ( ) -,, (, ). 2), -.,. ( ) ( ),.,.
366 < > (, ) (,) -3,. (1),,,.( ),.,,,,,. ( ),. (Amenity ). -, Street Furniture. < > ( ) (Traffic Management),,,,,
380, ( ) ; U-Tern,,,,, (CTM : ( ) ; Comprehensive, Traffic Management) ( ) ;., (TSM :,,, Transportation System Management) ( ) (TDM : (, Transportation ) Demand Management),,,,. -,,. -,,. (Cell). -,. -,. SOC 14 ( )
4 SOC 38 1 21,... 4. 6. 21,,. http.// www.detr.gov.uk/ itwp/ index.htm A New deal for trans - port.,...
382 SOC 15 ( 3 ) 20 2, 3. 4.. 1., 7 9., ZONE.,.,., 7 9 8 - -. SOC 16 ( )....
4 SOC 383..,.,.,.,....
384 SOC 17 ( ).,. (,,,, ),..,.,, 4.., OVERPASS... OVERPASS. SOC 18 ( ) 1. 80% 21
4 SOC 385,, 2.,,,,,,.
386 SOC 19 ( ) 1. ( ) 2.,.,.,,,. number.. exit.,,.,. 1-2,.
4 SOC 387 SOC 20 ( ) 21, 21. 21,. 21 24, 2 1 4:3. ( )., - - - - - 2,.
388 SOC 21 ( ) U 3,,, 21., 21, 4. 4. 1. 3 U 3 U,,,,, 2. SOC 2022. 3.,,,,,
4 SOC 389 SOC 22 ( ). 1.,.... 2. (1) 1996 14,,,,, 6,,,,,, 8. 56 13 12. < >
390,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13 5 12,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 4 4,,,,,,,, 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 56 (2) 30%. < > 1990 1995 1996 2000 2005 2010 11,064 42,844 (31.10) 48,071 (12.20) 72,163 (10.69) 87,748 (3.99) 115,820 (5.71) 9,626 ( ) 14,741 98.90) 16,139 (9.48) 21,336 (7.23) 28,402 (5.89) 38,032 (6.01) 20,690 57,585 (22.72) 64,210 (11.50) 93,499 (9.85) 116,150 (4.43) 153,852 (5.78) 183 645 (28.65) 703 (8.99) 1,187 (13.99) 1,402 (3.39) 1,938 (6.69) 777 ( ) 1,295 (10.76) 1,436 (10.89) 1,654 (3.60) 2,198 (5.85) 2,875 (5.52) 960 1,940 (15.11) 2,139 (10.26) 2,841 (7.35) 3,600 (4.85) 4,813 (5.98) ( ) 139,529 379,844 (22.18) 411,517 (8.34) 519,654 (6.01) 674,278 (5.35) 801,772 (3.52) ) : 1. ( ) (%) 2., (1997),
4 SOC 39 1 (3).. 5 KDI..,. 2001 9% 2,000 3,000, 75,000, 10% 300. 1996 14.7, 19.7 1.64.. 2010 ( 2).,,..,.. 3. (1) 1980 1990,,, 3..
392.. (2) B747,,., MD,,.,.. (VST OL) 4. (1) (Commuter Airline)....,
4 SOC 393.. VIP,,...... (2),,,,.,,,.,,.,,....,,.,.
394...,....,. 1... (3) 1944.7,,.,, (RAA.Regional Airlines Association). 1992 802 69% 578.. -
4 SOC 395 - -, - -,. 19 120. 1970. (ERA.European Regional Airlines Association ) 45 1993 26 340. 1992 3,160 1992....,. (4),,,.,,
396.,,..,... < > Gateway International Airport Regional Airport Local Airport General Aviation Airport,, (25 ),, ( 4). < > 1,, 4 2, 25 3 49, 6 6 8 98 ) :, AIRPORT HANDBOOK, 1996
4 SOC 397... - ( ) - - - -, 500 800m.,.,,.,,,,..,,,.,,, 5. (1),.. -,,
398.. (2).....,,. (3),,,,,, - - - - - - - - - 6.
4 SOC 399....,.
400 SOC 23 ( 1 ).,, ( ),,,,,. 60 ( ).,,..
4 SOC 40 1 SOC 24 ( 5 ) 1...,.,,.,
402 SOC 25 ( ),,, - ( )- ( )- / ( )- ( ) (NET WORK CIT Y)., ( ) - -., + + + ( ), Randstad.
4 SOC 403 SOC 26 ( ),,. -.,.,. 100.,..?. 5000.. 1,,..
404 SOC 27 ( ) 1..,.,.,,.,.,. 2..,, 21. 4.,.,, 5km 5%,..,.,,,.,, (,, ). ( )
4 SOC 405,.,.,,,. 3. 17.,.,,.., (,, ),.,,. 35 ( - ), 1012, 1019 ( - ), 811 ( - )~1 ( - )~ 831 ( - )~ 825 ( - ), 42 ( - )~ 397 342 ( - ) 312 ( )., - - -,...,.
406 SOC 28 ( ),.,,, /.,,..( ), PCS.,.,,
4 SOC 407 SOC 29 ( ),,, ( ). ( ),.,,..
408 SOC 30 ( ) SOC 3 SI..,..,,, SOC. 40-60% 1-4 2 2 4000 2..,. 21.
4 SOC 409 SOC 31 ( ), ( ) 2. : 1 2,,,,. 2!,,., ( 1 ),, ( ).., ( ) ( 100-200M )..
4 10 SOC 32 ( ) - - -,, V/ C - - / -,, V/ C - - IT S
4 SOC 4 11 SOC 33 ( ) 1.. 1997 94.8%, 74.1%. 18.1% (80 262km 97 4,437km ). - -. 7 9 6. 5 ~ ~, ~, ~ ( 6 ). 2. < >,,,,. < >
4 12 (km) JCT 72.2 4 JCT JCT 68.41 4 6 JCT - -, - - - ~ - - -, -,,, JCT 23.9 4-3. 1) (1) (drive r be havior patte rn). 6. 2. (2), 7 6. (3) 6,,. 2) 8..
4 SOC 4 13. (1) J CT- JCT < > JCT ~ JCT 5 ~ ~ ~,. (2) 6 ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~., -,.
4 14 < >,,, 4. < > (1995 ) (, ) 90 GRP(, ) 1,268,432 499(482) 256,363 341,024 5,532,871 2,485,977 1,017(987) 520,280 685,058 10,238,870 123,406-22,613 26,635-284,230-55,420 68,234-510,867-110,992 139,051-2,101,268 1,295(1,278) 405,414 555,495 17,116,379 :,, 1996 4.
4 SOC 4 15. 6.. O/D DB.
4 16 SOC 34 ( ).,,, ( ).,.....
4 SOC 4 17 SOC 35 ( ) 1. : : 4 (,. 2. : Network : 4.
4 18 SOC 36 ( ),. 21., ( )., (7 9) mobility tringe area. (, ) 4.
4 SOC 4 19 SOC 37 ( ) 1. 2002 12 1 2001 12. 3.. 1000 100, 100 10. 10 1. 3.,........ - - -........
420.? -. -. -... -.. 2... SOC.
4 SOC 42 1 SOC 38 ( ) -. - 1 300. - 145km 1. 21-1 2. 2..
422 SOC 39 ( ).. 2000 500..,,, (HDT V ), 21.,,,.. 1.,. 175,,,,,,..,,,. 4....,,,,,.
4 SOC 423,,,,,. 2.,, ( ), ( ),,,,,.,.,.,,,.,,,. 3. 3,,.,..,.. 4. 7 5 12 35,000..,.,.., - - - - -
424 - - -.
4 SOC 425 SOC 40 ( ) 9, 7,,...,... ICD,..,...,,.,, JIT (Just In T ime),,.... 21C...,.....,,.,.
,,.
4 SOC 427 SOC 4 1 ( ), ( ) ( ),.,.
428 SOC 42 ( ).,., -, -, - 4...
4 SOC 429 SOC 43 ( ) 1960 - -. 1970-1980 -. - T IP 1 -. 5 - - - - - -, - (,,, ) -,, - - - -
430 SOC 44 ( ) - - -
4 SOC 43 1 SOC 45 ( ) 2 7 9,. ( ). - - - - - - 2.,,. 2011 - - - -, -,. 5
4 SOC 435
5 45 1 1 ( ) 21 ( )- ( ) 1. /. 2.., -. 21 /. ( ) ( ),,,. /. (,, ) (, ).,,. 2 ( ) GIS GPS GIS GPS...
452 3 ( ) 4 1) 2).,.,,,,, T echnobelt., DJ,,.
5 453 4 ( ) 4.,. Infra..
6
6 457 1 ( 3 )....
458 2 ( ),. -. -. -,. -. -. - -.
6 459 3 ( ), < ( )> (Deposit) ( ) ( ). 1. (Residential Mobility ) ( 5~10% ) 1~2 IMF 2.. ( )(- )..
460 4 ( ) 21,,,,,,,,,,, (interdisiplinary ).,,.,,,,., 21. 2.. 18 55. 5 ( )...,.. (spirit).?..,. 100~200%...,. 21..
6 46 1.,.......,,. 2 detatched house. 1, 2, 3. 1 100~200%. 3 400% 600%. high- and- law.
462 5 (( ) ).... potential. potential, potential..
6 463 6 ( ),, DAT ABASE....
464 7 ( )..,. /., /. /. ( ).,... /.. 1970~80. /..... ( )..
6 465 8 ( ) (, ) 1. (, ). 2.,,., 40% 3. - - (GPS ) -..
466 9 ( ) (Life time Housing Program ). www.kyongju.ac.kr/ urban/ cho publications.
6 467 10 ( ) ( ) APT.....,..
468 11 ( ) ( ) 80..,,,,,. (1951) (1962), (1930) 1975. (1955),. 95. 4. ' ( ) (96. 7.) IMF.,,, 4 ( ). 2000.
6 469 12 ( ) MBS( ) MBS ( ) mechanism MBS T ask F orce.
470 13 ( ) 1. 1),,. 2. ( ) 2) ( ) : 3.
7
7 479 1 ( ) 21, ( ). ( ). land use. SOC,,. Group. vision., ( ). T ailored- GIS Macro ( scenario ).
480 2 ( ) 1..,,. 21C.,,,, 2. 21C. SOC,.,,,,..,,,,,,,,,,
7 48 1, 3. 1),,,, 100-500 ( ),..,,. 2) 60~70, 10 600 ( 97. 2 ) 1~2 300~400 10~20% 2 10 ~15, 1 ( ) 120 ~200 3 ~20 22. < > ( ) ( :, ) 6,200 2,000 22 (,, ), 3,400 1,100 6,,, 70 180 3,,, 550 180 4,,, 460 140 4,,,, 1,730 400 5 < > ( ) ( )
482 ( ) ( ) 300~350 250 100 30~200 200~250 150 100 50~200,,,
7 483 3 ( ),,.,.,,.,,,.. 1.,,,., 20km,..,,,.,. 21,,,,, 21.,, 21. 2. 100.
484.,,.. 50..,.. 20~30...,, (Defence Heritage) Network. 1,000m Network.,.
7 485 4 ( ) 1. ( ). 20 21.. Le F ebre..,.......,,,. 2. ( ) 20 ( ). 4.? 21... 20.,. Anthony Giddens 3.,,
486...
7 487 5 ( ) -,,,, -,.,,,, ( )
488 6 ( ). - HUB, - SOC 17%,. -,,. (,,,, ), -,, (,, ) IT S, - GIS system, IT S system.,, (,,, ).
7 489 7 ( ) 1. = 1), /,,,,,,, 4, bilingual, 2) 4 (,,, ) Oriental World City 3), - 4) 21 2.?..
490.. - 1)?? : 60.,.,..,..,,... < > 1.,,,,,, 2.,,, 3.,, 4., 5.,, 6.,, 7.,,,, 8.,, 9.,, 10.,,,,,.,, 60..,,,,.?
7 49 1 21.,,,,,.,,,,,. < > (90 ) Nies( ) o o o o o o( ) o o o o o o o o ) :, :, o :,,.,, ( ),..,.,.....,,. 21. < >
492 NEC, 21, (, ) 2030, 2020, 21.....,,.,.,. ( ). Infra.,,,.
7 493 8 ( ) 4 21,,.,. 3,,,,,,,. 4,. 1. 21,.,. SOC,. 95 5,300, SOC, 22%. 2.. 4 1992
494..,,,.,. 3.. 3, 3 262 54%,. 4.
8
8 503 1 ( ) 4. upper ceiling ( : 15%) - homogeneous factor ( : + + ) - - - - - SOC ( : 15-25%, 5-10%) - SOC bench marking
504 2 ( 1 ) -. -,,,, - -. -,. -. -.
8 505 3 ( 3 ) 4. 1. ( ) 1970 1,842,259 905,351 936,908 1971 1,943,958 970,711 973,247 1972 2,015,162 1,002,086 1,013,076 1973 2,071,950 1,031,502 1,040,448 1974 2,306,041 1,143,575 1,162,466 1975 2,453,173 1,222,153 1,231,020 1976 2,573,713 1,274,588 1,299,125 1977 2,697,947 1,333,391 1,364,556 1978 2,879,570 1,430,287 1,449,283 1979 3,034,596 1,506,996 1,527,600 1980 3,159,766 1,570,367 1,589,399 1981 3,249,643 1,603,248 1,646,395 1982 3,343,783 1,644,583 1,699,200 1983 3,395,171 1,689,784 1,705,387 1984 3,495,289 1,734,894 1,760,395 1985 3,514,798 1,736,376 1,778,422 1986 3,578,844 1,777,660 1,801,184 1987 3,654,097 1,815,431 1,838,666 1988 3,750,626 1,866,413 1,884,213 1989 3,857,312 1,916,907 1,940,405 1990 3,798,113 1,881,926 1,916,187 1991 3,892,820 1,946,204 1,946,616 1992 3,887,278 1,944,544 1,942,734 1993 3,868,429 1,934,599 1,933,830 1994 3,846,544 1,923,770 1,922,774 1995 3,892,972 1,946,702 1,946,270 1996 3,878,918 1,939,725 1,939,193 1997 3,865,114 1,933,045 1,932,069 2. - -, -,, 60% -, 1/ 2
506 ( :,, %) 1994 2001 2006 2011 (1 ) 3,912 4,180 4,380 4,600 0.95 Logistic Curve K=480 3,912 4,010 4,150 4,420 0.72 K=500 3,912 4,030 4,180 4,480 0.80 3,912 4,090 4,270 4,540 0.88 3,912 4,078 4,245 4,510 0.84 3,912 4,070 4,240 4,500 0.82-1994 ~2011 ( ) : 0.82% - 2001 ~2006 ( ) : 0.81% - 2006 ~2011 ( ) : 1.19% 3. ( ) ( ) 750.90 3,865 450 2011 463.36 305 70 2016 40Km 110.90 133 30 484.13 173 59 292.74 508 79 329.32 427 75 60Km 1,055.70 1,013 150 799.00 129 25 399.74 167 30 ( 97.12.31 ) 4. - 95
8 507 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 3,827,444 3,816,545 3,804,522 3,797,455 3,788,615 3,778,425 3,767,019 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 3,754,555 3,745,530 3,735,213 3,724,223 3,712,585 3,700,000 3,688,424 3,675,116 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2019 3,660,740 3,645,553 3,629,563 3,613,916 3,596,603 3,578,325 3,559,367 3,539,764 95 3,852 2020 3,540 1970 2,046 25 1,806 1995 3,852 2020 3,540 25 312-25 (1970~95 ),,,,,,,,,. - 25 (1995~2020 ),, 25 3.4 25 (1970~95 ) 26 25 (1995~2020 ) 3.4-25 19 25 12-25 5 25 7 5. (,, ) - : 94 2001(0.18%), 2001 2006(0.27%), 2006 2011(0.30%),, - : 94 2001(0.58%), 2001 2006(0.81%), 2006 2011(1.19%)
508 < > 98 ( : ) 1994 3,846,467 3,912,000 3,846,544-1995 3,852,295-3,892,972 3,814,325 2001 3,797,455 4,070,000 - - 2006 3,745,530 4,240,000 - - 2011 3,688,424 4,500,000 - - 94 3,912 3,847 65 ( 95 ) 6. - 70, - (GB, 50.9%) - 47.6% ( 97.9 ) 77 : 1,305, 70,027 7. ( - ), 50.9%,
8 509 4 ( ),...., 2) ( ). ( ),. ( ) ( ).. ( ). 3). 2)... ( ). 3) ( )..
510... 4).. ( ) 5).. ( ),.. 4). 5)..
8 5 11 : (2 ) : 14 < 1> ( )
512 : (2 ) : 14 < 2> ( )
8 5 13 5 ( 1 ). 50. 1960 39.1%, 1970 50.1%, 1980 68.7%, 1997 87.2%.,,,., 4. 4. (, )...,...,,., ( ).,. 4. 2 3.
514., 4.
8 5 15 6 ( ) 21 7.,,,,..,,.,,..
516 7 ( ).,,. 1970 30.... 3D..,..,..,,,...
8 5 17.....,.,.,.,,, 5, 6..,,.
518 8 ( ) - - - - - - - - 3 (,, ), - -.
8 5 19 9 ( )..,,. 200,..,.... (Filtering Down Process)..,.. ( ),.. ( ) ( ).
520 10 ( )...,,..,.
8 52 1 11 ( ) 1970, 1/ 2,. 100~150km 50~70.,.. ( )..
522 12 ( ) 20 21. 21...,. 4
< > :, : : : :