1...,, , - PDF Free Download

1...,,.. 2011, 2012...

2...... 2013 11

3 1 7 1 15 1 15 2 19 1. 19 2. 19 2 21 1 21 1. 21 2. (margin squeeze) 29 3. (predatory pricing) 32 2 35 1. 35 2. 37 3. 38 3 40

4 1 40 1. Comcast/NBC Universal FCC (FCC, 2011) 40 2. Comcast-NBCU Merger DOJ (DOJ, 2011) 45 2 EC 47 1. Liberty Global Corporation/Virgin Media(EC, 2013) 47 2. HBO/ZIGGO/HBO Netherland(EC, 2011) 50 3. News Corp/BSkyB(EC, 2010) 56 3 64 1. BSkyB Investigation(OFT, 2002) 64 2. Pay TV Statement(Ofcom, 2010) 72 3. Movies on pay TV market investigation(cc, 2012) 77 4 82 1 82 1. 82 2. 87 3. 91 4. 94 2 96 1. 96 2. 98 3. 104

5 4. 111 5. 114 5 119 1. 119 2. 122 123

6 2 1 30 MSP 37 4 1 86 4 2 90 4 3 98 4 4 103 4 5 110 4 6 114 4 7 118 2 1 22

7 1.. (, 2010),.. 2011 ( 35 5).,.,.

8..... 1.? 2.? 3.,,? 4. 1, 2, 3? 2..

9 : (1), (2), (3)..,.....,.

10. (1), (2), (3).. (eg, )..,....

11 (1), (2) (margin).. EU., 2002 OFT(Office of Fair Trade) BSkyB Investigation(2002)... (margin).,

12....,.. BSkyB (OFT, 2002) OFT,..

13 ( ) (input foreclosure), ( ) (customer foreclosure), ( ) (price squeeze), ( ) (predatory pricing). ( ), ( ), ( ). (a) (b). (a) (b)... ( ), ( ), ( ). (a), (b)..

14 ( ), ( ). (average variable cost). (a), (b), (c).

1 15 1 1. ( SO) 1995 3 (KBS, MBC, SBS). 3 3 100%. 1995 SO. 2002, 2009 IPTV, 2000 ( PP). (, 2010),.. 2011

16 ( 35 5). 2012 (,, 2012) 4 1) 7 (relevant markets). (1), (2), (3), (4). 2) (monopolistic power), (monopsonistic power). (exploitative abuse) 3). 1) 4 (1), (2), (3), (4). 2),,. 3)

1 17.,..,. (Structure-Conduct-Performance, S-C-P ). S-C-P,,. S-C-P (above-competitive level) (, 2008).

18... (market foreclosure) (customer foreclosure) (input foreclosure), (price squeezing) (predatory pricing).,., 4).. 4).,,.

1 19.. 2 1.. 1.? 2.? 3.,,? 4. 1, 2, 3? 2.

20...,.,,,,.,,.

2 21 2 1 1.. ( ) 5).. (, 2006)., (double marginalization).. 1960. (, 2006). (Chicago School) 5) 2011-12.

22,. (Post-Chicago School). 2 1 : Rey and Tirloe(2007). D1 U U D2 (input foreclosure). U D1 D1 Û (customer foreclosure).. (input foreclosure)

2 23,, (, 2006).,.,.,., (deadweight loss). (, 2006).. (customer foreclosure).,,.

24 (minimum efficient scale),. (, 2006).,.. 1) Riordan and Salop(1995) Riordan Salop..,....

2 25 Riordan Salop........ 6) 2) 7) ( ) (. ) 6) (, 2006). 7) 2011-12.

26 ( )... (1),, (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7). (1) :, (2) :, (3) :, (4) :

2 27. 3) EU Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines (European Commission) 2007 Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines (conglomerate mergers).., EC. EC (1), (2), (3). ( ). EC.. ( ).

28...,. ( ).,... EC (1), (2), (3). ( ).

2 29.. ( ).... ( ).,... 2. (margin squeeze).

30 (OECD, 2009). (normal profit). 8),.,, (, 2010).. 1) 2 (, 2010). (equally efficient competitor, EEC ). EEC EC 8) (, 2010),.

2 31..,,, 9) (, 2010;, 2010). (reasonably efficient competitor, REC ) EEC. REC (, 2010), (Jorkjend, 2012). 2) (profitability).. (period by period, PBP ) ( ) 9), EEC,. EEC,.

32 (, 2012). (discount cash flow, DCF). 3)., (1), (2) (, 2010;,, 2009). EU, (,, 2009).. 3. (predatory pricing)., (

2 33, 2010).. 1.. 10) ( )... 11). 10) ( 134 ). 11). (1) ( :,, ) (2),, (3)

34.,,,, (, ).,. 12), 1... (average variable cost: AVC).. (4) (5) (6) (7) ( 134 ) 12) 2001. 6. 21. 99 4686 (,, ).

2 35 (Choi, 2012).,. EU EU.. EU, (AVC) (Choi, 2012). 2 1...

36 (, 2006)..... 2011 30 MSP 56.7%(17 ) 5 (, 2012). (SO) IPTV. MSP..

2 37 2 1 30 MSP 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 30 MSP 12 40.0% 14 46.7% 15 50.0% 14 46.7% 17 56.7% 6 20.0% 6 20.0% 10 33.3% 8 26.7% 8 26.7% 3 10.0% 5 16.7% 2 6.7% 2 6.7% 3 10.0% 4 13.3% 6 20.0% 1 3.3% 1 3.3% 2 6.7% 2 6.7% 3 10.0% : 2009 : (2012), 2012,... N-Screen OTT. OTT. 2.

38... (penetration rates) 13). 3.. 13)...

2 39 (normal profit)... (OFT, 2002).. ( ).. (lock-in effects). 2011 KT KT IPTV OTS(Olleh TV Skylife).

40 3 1 1. Comcast/NBC Universal FCC (FCC, 2011). 2009 12 Comcast NBC Universal. Comcast 51% NBC Universal. Comcast 420. (DOJ) (FCC)... (1), (2), (3) video programming market, (4), (5) Comcast programmers carriage.. 1) 14), 14) FCC(2011, pp.145 148)

3 41. News Corp.-Hughes.. (1) d MVPD MVPD, a MVPD. (1) Subs, Fee, Ad. Subs, Subs. (2) (2) s d Comcast. (1) (2) d d*. d d*, d d*. (3), Comcast MVPD. (2) (3). (3) c MVPD r. (1) (3) d*

42. (Comcast) Comcast-NBCU News corp.-hughes. News corp.-hughes (1) MVPD (, ), (2) (, ), (3) IPTV (, ), (4) ( ), (5) ( ), (6) ( )., Comcast,, s 1. d*,,, IPTV d*. d d*. d (, Fisher Communication-DISH Network ). d (treatment group) (control group) (difference-in-differences)., d d*,., Comcast-NBCU. 2) 15) (BATNA, best alternative to a negotiated agreement). 15) FCC(2011, pp.154 161)

3 43 BATNA BATNA. Comcast-NBCU MVPD BATNA.. (Nash Bargaining Model). (4) (4), MVPD (bargaining Skill) (relative patience).. NBCU 6 cable network NBCU., d DIRECTV. d, FCC. d, NBCU MVPD.,, MVPD.,, FCC.,.

44 3) Video programming market ACA, MVPD BATNA. FCC. FCC. 4) 16),. FCC. 5) Comcast programmers carriage 17) Comcast carriage (, ). MVPD ( ). FCC ( ). Goolsbee MVPD, 16) FCC(2011, pp.162 165) 17) FCC(2011, pp.165 167)

3 45. MVPD, MVPD. Rovi Corporation.. headend Comcast, MVPD MVPD.. MVPD.,., Comcast MVPD,. Comcast carriage.,. 2. Comcast-NBCU Merger DOJ (DOJ, 2011) DOJ Comcast-NBCU (input foreclosure) MPVD,,. 18) 18) DOJ(2011, pp.21 30)

46 ( ) NBCU NBC USA Network, Bravo, CNBC, MSNBC. DOJ Comcast MPVD (extremely important). 19) ( ) DOJ Comcast MVPD. Comcast (RSN). DOJ, Comcast RSN. ( ) Comcast NBCU Comcast NBCU NBCU. DOJ Comcast, Comcast. 19) DOJ,, Comcast MPVD,.

3 47 2 EC 1. Liberty Global Corporation/Virgin Media(EC, 2013). 2013 3 Liberty Global Corporation( LGI) Virgin Media. LGI 11,, VoIP, Virgin Media LGI. LGI Chellomedia Virgin Media LGI Virgin Media (European Commission, EC).. 1) Input Foreclosure LGI Virgin Media Virgin Media. 2) Customer Foreclosure LGI Virgin Media Virgin Media LGI.

48. 1) Input Foreclosure 20) ( ) EC (must-have), LGI. EC. (BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5),. LGI. EC LGI LGI Virgin Media. ( ) EC Virgin Media.. EC,. Virgin Media, LGI Virgin Media, LGI 20) EC(2013, pp.18 21)

3 49 70%. LGI EC. ( ) EC LGI Virgin Media LGI. LGI,. 2) customer foreclosure 21) ( ) EC, Virgin Media LGI. ( ) EC. Virgin Media (3.6 ), LGI. Virgin Media 30% 70%, EC. 21) EC(2013, pp.21 22)

50 2. HBO/ZIGGO/HBO Netherland(EC, 2011). (European Commission, EC) HBO HBO Netherlands Holdings( HBO) Ziggo (HBO Netherland) 2011 12. HBO 6,, TV. HBO Ziggo. 2 (UPC/Chellomedia Eredivisie) 1 (UPC/Chellomedia).. HBO Ziggo.. 1) Input Foreclosure HBO Ziggo Time Warner HBO. Time Warner HBO HBO Ziggo

3 51. Time Warner HBO, Ziggo. 2) Input Foreclosure EC HBO Ziggo Ziggo. (1) Ziggo IPTV, (2) Ziggo. HBO Ziggo Ziggo.. 1) Input Foreclosure 22) EC (input foreclosure). 22) EC(2011, pp.10 11)

52 ( ) EC Time Warner HBO. EC 23) 20 30% Time Warner HBO. ( ) EC Time Warner HBO.,, TV. EC Time Warner HBO. 2) Input Foreclosure 24) EC HBO Ziggo. ( ) EC HBO Ziggo. TV Turner HBO Ziggo.. EC 23) EC TV. 24) EC(2011, pp.11 13)

3 53. ( ) EC (Ziggo). Time Warner/HBO Ziggo. Ziggo Time Warner/HBO Ziggo. Ziggo (business plan). 25) EC (Film1). ( ) EC Time Warner/HBO Ziggo. Ziggo, IPTV 25) (zero),.

54,. (Sport1, Film 1) UPC/Chellomedia. IPTV,. EC.. ( ) EC.. 3) (customer foreclosure) 26) EC Time Warner/HBO Ziggo Ziggo Film 1 26) EC(2011, pp.13 14)

3 55. Ziggo (40 50%). EC Ziggo. EC Time Warner/HBO Ziggo Ziggo.. EC Film 1. EC Ziggo Ziggo. Ziggo. EC Time Warner/HBO Ziggo Ziggo (non-affiliated).

56. EC,. 3. News Corp/BSkyB(EC, 2010). 2010 7 News Corp BSkyB. BSkyB News Corp 39.14% News Corp 37.19%. News Corp Capital Research and Management Company( : 5.02%) 50% BSkyB News Corp BSkyB. (European Commission) News Corp BSkyB.. News Corp BSkyB. News Corp 20th Century Fox, TV. BSkyB

3 57,. EC. 1) (input foreclosure) News Corp BSkyB 100% News Corp BSkyB. News Corp 20th Century Fox, National Geographic, FX, BSkyB. 2) (customer foreclosure) News Corp BSkyB News Corp. BSkyB ( ). 3) (input foreclosure) News Corp BSkyB News Corp (advertising space) BSkyB. BSkyB BSkyB, News Corp BSkyB News Corp. 4) (tying) BSkyB News Corp 100%

58. (, ).. 1) Input Foreclosure 27) EC (1) BSkyB News Corp BSkyB, (2), (3). ( ) EC News Corp. BOX OFFICE (proxy), ( ) News Corp 20%. 28) EC News Corp News Corp TV 27) EC(2010, pp.24 28) 28) 2009 News Corp BOX OFFICE.

3 59. News Corp. ( ) TV. EC News Corp. EC. BSkyB, News Corp 20th Century Fox. 29) ( ) EC PPV VOD News Corp. PPV VOD. EC News Corp BSkyB BSkyB (News Corp TV ) 29) 3 BSkyB.

60. 2) Customer Foreclosure 30) EC News Corp BSkyB (1), (2), (3). ( ) BSkyB PPV/VOD 50%. BSkyB 50%, 10%. ( ) BSkyB, News Corp, News Corp EC., BSkyB News Corp. 30) EC(2010, pp.28 32)

3 61 ( ) News Corp BSkyB 100%. BSkyB.. EC. BSkyB,. EC News Corp BSkyB. News Corp 5%. ( ) EC. BSkyB,,. BSkyB. BSkyB, BSkyB

62. BSkyB. EC. 3) (input foreclosure) 31) ( ) News Corp. News Corp BSkyB News Corp. EC 40% News Corp. EC News Corp News Corp. ( ) News Corp BSkyB 100% BSkyB News Corp. BSkyB News Corp, News Corp News Corp ( ). News Corp BSkyB ( ) BSkyB 31) EC(2010, pp.54 59)

3 63. 32) EC News Corp BSkyB News Corp 5%. BSkyB News Corp, News Corp. EC News Corp BSkyB 39% 100% ( ). ( ) EC ( ),,. EC News Corp (next-best), 33), 34). 4) (tying) 32) News Corp BSkyB 39% BSkyB News Corp. 33) EC BSkyB News Corp, ( ). 34) EC ( ) 10%.

64. EC News Corp 40%, TV 20%. News Corp News Corp. EC. 3 1. BSkyB Investigation(OFT, 2002). OFT 2000 12 BSkyB Compatition Act Chapter II( ) 2012 12. (1), (2), (3).. BSkyB OFT. 1) BSkyB. BSkyB

3 65 BSkyB. 2) BSkyB (margin squeeze). (margin). 3) BSkyB (mixed bundling)... 2001 BSkyB 12.55. BSkyB 12.55 2.51 80%.. BSkyB. BSkyB

66. BSkyB (12.55 ) (2.51 ). 35) BSkyB BSkyB,. 4) BSkyB,.. 1) BSkyB 36) ( ) OFT, ( ), ( ),. 35). 36) OFT(2002, pp.67 81)

3 67 ( ) OFT (1) live FAPL ( Sky Sports1 ), (2) Category A B. ( ) OFT BSkyB live FAPL 100% 100%. OFT BSkyB. ( ) OFT,. BSkyB BSkyB. OFT BSkyB. 3 BSkyB 95%. : ( ) BSkyB live FAPL OFT. FAPL FAPL. FAPL. FAPL

68. ( ) BSkyB 1992 live FAPL, OFT. ( ) BSkyB live FAPL,, OFT BSkyB FAPL,, BSkyB. ( ) BSkyB OFT. OFT,. : ( ) BSkyB 7. (Matching rights) OFT BSkyB renewal options,. Renewal options bidder BSkyB valuation. ( ) OFT, OFT BSkyB 54%.

3 69 2) 37) ( ) OFT BSkyB BSkyB (normal profit). ( ) OFT BSkyB. BSkyB BSkyB. ( ) OFT BSkyB BSkyB ( DisCo ), DisCo (resonable return). OFT DisCo, DisCo BSkyB. BSkyB (DisCo) OFT BSkyB DisCo. 37) OFT(2002, pp.88 135)

70 ( ) 1998 BSkyB.... OFT. ( ). (NPV: net present value) (historial approach). OFT. ( ) OFT (ROCE: return of capital employed) (ROT: return on turnover). DisCo. ( ) (normal profit). (cost of capital). OFT DisCo DisCo

3 71. OTF 15.% 1.5%. ( ) BSkyB (DisCo), DisCo OFT 1.5%. OFT. DisCo,. 3) 38) ( ) OFT BSkyB.. OFT (1) (2). ( ) OFT BSkyB, BSkyB. 38) OFT(2002, pp.136 151)

72 ( ) OFT BSkyB. BSkyB BSkyB. OFT. 2. Pay TV Statement(Ofcom, 2010). 2007 1 BT, Setanta, Top Up TV, Virgin Media Sky Ofcom. Ofcom Sky Virgin Media Sky. Ofcom 2007 3 3 2010 3 (, 2011).. 1) OFT Market Power Guidelines Sky Ofcom OFT(Office of Fair Trading). OFT Market Power Guidelines.

3 73 (countervailing market power) ( ) OFT 40%. (ECJ) 50%.., 3 4.. ( ). ( ). 2) 39) ( ) Ofcom. ( ) 39) Ofcom(2010, pp.175 228)

74 bidding market ( ) Ofcom.,., (moderate constraint). (Bidding market) Ofcom bidding market. Ofcom Sky Premier bidding Sky, upstream market Sky bidding market. ( ) Ofcom advertising impact. ( ) Ofcom Sky 50%. ( ) Ofcom 2000 2009 Sky Sports proxy. Sky

3 75 proxy Ofcom. ( ) Ofcom, alternative market share. (1) Sky moderate substitutes (leading events) Sky 50%. (2) Ofcom weak substitutes( ) Sky. Ofcom. ( ) Ofcom,, Sky. ( ) Ofcom Sky OFT Market Power Guidelines. (1) outlet, (2), ( ), (3) ( ) Ofcom Virgin Media Sky outlet Virgin Media

76. Virgin Media Sky. Virgin Media Sky option. Ofcom Sky Virgin Media. Ofcom Sky Sky. Sky Oxera truncated IRR(internal rate of return: ). IRR.. 40) Ofcom IRR (cost of capital), IRR. Oxera Sky IRR 20 28%, 10.3%. ( ) Ofcom Sky, Sky. 40) IRR 5% 5%.

3 77 3. Movies on pay TV market investigation(cc, 2012). 2010 8 Ofcom Competition Commission( CC) TV. CC 2,, 2012 8.. (Theory of Harm) CC. 1: Sky Sky. 2:. (Conditions) CC CC. 1: Sky 2: 3: Sky Sky 4: Sky, Sky

78. 1) Sky 41) ( ) CC. 2011 2012 Sky 60 80%, 2 Virgin Media 20 35%. HHI 2012 5 5,000. ( ) CC. (2010 12 ) 10% 12 6% 12. 22% 42) (69%). 43) CC (consumer inertia). ( ) CC Sky (IRR). CC Sky 41) CC(2012, pp.5:1 5:43) 42) 32%, 40%, 30%, 55%, 52%, 65%, 20% 43) (32%), (23%), (14%), (12%)

3 79. ( ) CC.. ( ) CC. ( ) CC.,,. CC Sky, OTT CC. 2) 44) CC. ( ) CC. ( ) 60% 44) CC(2012, pp.6:1 6:36)

80, 22%. 7%. 6%. (Sky ) CC Sky. CC 1/3 Sky, Sky Movie, Sky Movie 22%, 10% Sky. ( ) CC. MMS. 2003 2010 30%, Sky 2%. ( ) CC Sky. 3) 45) CC.,,, OTT. 45) CC(2012, pp.7:1 7:39)

3 81 ( ) CC 20 Sky FSPTW (first subscription pay TV window). ( ) Sky bidding. Sky Sky. CC Sky bidding Sky bidding. CC. (OTT ) CC OTT. OTT. OTT, OTT. ( ) CC FSPTW, OTT.

82 4 46) 1 1.. : (1), (2), (3). EU 2008 (Guidelines on the Assessment of Non-Horizontal Mergers). 47) FCC, 2011 Comcast NBC Universal. 48) 46). 47) 3 Liberty Global Corporation/Virgin Media(2013), HBO/ZIGGO(2011), News Corp/BSkyB(2010).

4 83 1).,. 2).. 3).., 48) 3 Comcast/NBC Universal FCC (2011).

84.. 1) (1), (2). ( ).,. Liberty Global Corporation Virgin Media EC (EC, 2013). (, ) (, ). Comcast NBC Universal FCC NBC Universal

4 85 (FCC, 2011). ( ),.,.. News Corp BSkyB, EU News Corp News Corp (EC, 2011). News Corp 20%, EC. 2).,.

86 4 1 > <....,,...

4 87.. FCC Comcast NBC Universal NBC,, 49) (FCC, 2011). 3).. (1), (2). 2... (1), (2) 49) 3 Comcast/NBC Universal FCC (2011).

88, (3) 1). (eg, ). 2).,.. 3)..

4 89. 1) (1), (2). ( ). (minimum efficient scale).,. News Corp BSkyB, BSkyB BSkyB (EC, 2011). BSkyB PPV/VOD 50%, 50%. 10%. EC BSkyB. ( ).

90,. 2).,. 4 2 > <,.,,.,

4 91.,,,... 3).. (1), (2). 3.. (1)

92, (2) (margin).. EU., 2002 OFT(Office of Fair Trade) BSkyB Investigation(2002). 1).. 2) (Margin) (margin).,

4 93.. (margin). 1) ( ).. ( ) (foreseeable future).,. 2) (normal profit).

94. MSP, (normal profit). OFT BSkyB Investigation(2002) BSkyB BSkyB ( DisCo ), DisCo (resonable return). BSkyB (DisCo), DisCo OFT 1.5%. OFT. 50) 4.... 50) 3 BSkyB Investigation(2002).

4 95. 51),.. 1) ( ). ( ). OFT BSkyB (incremental per subscriber programming cost, IPC ). OFT IPC (incremental price, IP ) IP IPC 1 (OFT, 2002). 2) 51) EU.,.

96. BSkyB (OFT, 2002) OFT,. 2 1.. ( ). 1). 2) 2012

4 97. 35 5 ( 4 ) 23. 3),,..,... (1), (2), (3).

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100. ( )... 1).. 2) ( )...

4 101.,. ( ). AA A B B A. A. A = ( A * B ARPU) ( A * ) A AA. AA B,, AA B A A. AA B, B AA B A A.

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4 103, 53).,,. A AA, B A.. 4 4 II. 1.. (1),. (2),. 53),,,,.

104 (3). (4).. (1) :. :. :.. (2) :. :. :.. 3.. (1), (2), (3).

4 105. 1).,.,,. 2). ( ).,,,

106. ( ),. (minum efficient scale),.. 1),.. 2) ( ),. AA A B, AA

4 107 B, B AA. B, B AA. B, B AA B AA. 54) ( ),. ( ), ( ),. AA A B B, A A. 54).

108.. AA B A. 55). A ( ) AA B 56), ( ) B, ( ) B A. B B AA, B 55) AA A A. B A B. 56), 0 (proxy variable).

4 109 A B. B. AA B. AA, B A. B, A... B, ( ) A, ( ) A. B, ( ) A B A, ( ) A

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4 111 (2) :. ( ). ( ):.. 4.. (1), (2), (3). 1).. A AA

112 B, AA B. AA AA. 2). ( ). AA B AA AA. AA AA. ( ). B AA, B AA AA.. 1)

4 113.. 2) (equally efficient competitor).. B AA A B AA A. A B, A AA.

114 4 6 II. 3.. (1),,. (2) ( ). (3) ( ). (4) ( ).. (1) :. :. :. (2) :.. 5.

4 115. ( ), ( ). 1).... 2).,. Areeda-Turner rule. (marginal costs), (average variable costs)..

116, (0),.. 1)..,. 2) ( )..

4 117 ( )... ( ), (recoupment)..,.

118 4 7 II. 4.. ( ), ( ).. (1) :. (2) :. ( ). ( ). ( ), (recoupment).

5 119 5 1... 2011.,.. (exploitative abuse) (S-C-P).,.

120 (exclusionary abuse) S-C-P...,.,,. ( ) (input foreclosure), ( ) (customer foreclosure), ( ) (price squeeze), ( )

5 121 (predatory pricing). ( ), ( ), ( ). (a) (b). (a) (b)... ( ), ( ), ( ). (a), (b).. ( ), ( ).

122 (average variable cost). (a), (b), (c). 2. 2012.,,..,.

123 (2011. 12. 28), 2011-12. (2012. 4. 25), 134. (2010),,. (2012),, 25. (2006), (I),. (2012), 2012,. (2008), 3 2 1 5, 49 3. (2009), EU, 144. (2006), :,. (2010),,. (2010),, 3 2. Choi, Y.(2012). A Study of Competition Law and Policy on Predatory Pricing : Comparative Perspectives, 32 3.

124 CC(2012). Movies on Pay TV Market Investigation. DOJ(2011) Competitive Impact Statement: Case 1:11-cv-00106. EC(2010). Case No COMP/M.5932 News Corp/BSkyB. EC(2011). Case No COMP/M.6369 HBO/ZIGGO/HBO NEDERLAND. EC(2013). Case No COMP/M.6880 Liberty Global/Virgin Media. FCC(2011). Memorandum Opinion and Order: In the Matter of Applications of Comcast Corporation, General Electric Company and NBC Univeral, Inc. for Consent to Assign Licenses and Transfer Control of Licensees. FCC 11-4. Jorkjend, H.(2011). Margin Squeeze in the EU. OECD(2009). Margin Squeeze. Ofcom(2010). Pay TV Statement. OFT(2002). BSkyB investigation: alleged infringement of the Chapter II prohibition. Rey, P., Tirole, A.(2007). A Primer on Foreclosure, in Handbook of Industrial Organization, Mark Armstrong and Rob Porter eds., vol. III, North Holland. Riordan, M.H., Salop, G.,(1995). Evaluating Vertical Mergers-A Post Chicago Approach. Antitrust Law Journal 63, 513-568.

2011 11 01 (, ) 11 02 ICT (,, ) 11 03 (,, ) 11 04 ( ) 11 05 (,, ) 11 06 TV ( ) 11 07 (,,, ) 11 08 : (, ) 11 09 ( ) 11 10 (,, ) 11 11 (, ) 11 12 (,, ) 11 13 (, ) 11 14 (,, ) 11 15 ( ) 11 16 (, ) 11 17 ( ) 11 18 (, ) 11 19 ICT ( ) ( ) 11 20 ITU ICT (IDI) (,, )

11 21 (,, ) 11 12 01 IT ( ) (,, ) 11 13 01 ( ) (,,, ) 2012 12 01 (,, ) 12 02 N (,,, ) 12 03 (,, ) 12 04 (,,, ) 12 05 ICT (,, ) 12 06 (, ) 12 07 ( ) 12 08 SW ( ) 12 09 (,, ) 12 10 ( ) 12 11 ICT (, ) 12 12 (,, ) 12 13 : (, ) 12 14 (,, ) 12 15 (,, ) 12 16 : ( ) 12 17 ICT ( ) ( )

12 18 OECD (STRI) (,,, ) 12 19 (,,, ) 12 20 (,,, ) 12 09 01 (I) (,,, ) 12 10 01 e (,, ) 2013 13 01 13 02 13 03 13 04 13 05 13 06 13 07 13 08 13 09 13 10 13 11 13 12 (,, ) (,, ) (,,,, ) (,,, ) (,, ) (,, ) (, ) : (,,, ) (,, ) (, ) (,, ) ICT (R&D) (,, )

13 13 (VOD) (,, ) 13 14 N (,, ) 13 15 (, ) 13 16 (, ) 13 17 (,,,, ) 13 24 01 ( ) (,,, ) 13 25 01 ( ) (,,, )

2011 11 01 (,,, ) 11 02 (,, ) 11 03 ( ) 11 04 (,,, ) 11 05 ( ) 11 06 2011 (,, ) 11 07 2010 ( ) 11 08 2011 (,, ) 11 09 (,,, ) 11 10 (,, ) 11 11 (,, ) 11 12 (,, ) 11 13 ( ) 11 14 ( ) 11 15 (,,, ) 11 16 (,,, ) 11 17 MNO, MVNO ( ) 11 18 (,,, )

11 19 (,, ) 11 20 (,, ) 11 21 mvoip (,,, ) 11 22 ( ) 11 23 ICT ( ) 11 24 (,,, ) 11 25 (, ) 11 26 2012 ( ) 11 27 R&D ( ) 11 28 R&D ( ) 11 29 WiBro (,, ) 11 30 ( ) 11 31 (, ) 11 32 ICT (, ) 11 33 (,, ) 11 34 ( ) 11 35 (,,, ) 11 36, (,,, ) 11 37 ( ) 11 38 ( ) 11 39 ( )

11 40 (,, ) 11 41 ( ) 11 42 ( ) 11 43 ( ) 11 44 2010 ( ) 11 45 (,, ) 11 46,, (, ) 11 47 (,, ) 11 48 (, ) 11 49 SO-PP (, ) 11 50 (, ) 11 51 ( ) 11 52 PP ( ) 11 53 ( ) 11 54 / (, ) 11 55 :.. ( ) 11 56 2011 KI (, ) 11 57 (,,, ) 11 58 (,, ) 11 59 (,, ) 11 60 ITU PP-14 : PP-14 ( ) 11 61 (,,, ) 11 62 (,,, )

11 63 ( ) 11 64 2011 ( ) 11 65 (Youth) ( ) 11 66 (,, ) 2012 12 01 ICT (, ) 12 02 ( ) 12 03 VOD (,, ) 12 04 ( ) 12 05 (, ) 12 06 2012 (, ) 12 07 (, ) 12 08 IT (,, ) 12 09 (2012 ) ( ) 12 10 ICT ( ) 12 11 ( ) 12 12 (,,,, ) 12 13 SNS (,, ) 12 14 (,, ) 12 15 (, ) 12 16 2013 ICT ( ) 12 17 ( )

12 18 (,,, ) 12 19 ICT ( ) 12 20 ( ) 12 21 ( ) 12 22 ICT (,,, ) 12 23 ( ) 12 24 (, ) 12 25 ( ) 12 26 ICT ( ) 12 27 (mvoip) ( ) 12 28 2012~2013 ( ) 12 29 MVNO (,, ) 12 30 2012 (,,, ) 12 31 (,,, ) 12 32 ( ) 12 33 (,, ) 12 34 (,,, ) 12 35 (, )

12 36 (,, ) 12 37 TV (, ) 12 38 (,,, ) 12 39 (,, ) 12 40 (, ) 12 41 (,, ) 12 42 (, ) 12 43 (,,, ) 12 44 ICT (,, ) 12 45 ICT (,,, ) 12 46 (,,, ) 12 47 ( ) 12 48 25 UPU (,, ) 12 49 (,, ) 12 50 : ( ) 12 51 2012 KI (,, ) 12 52 ( ) 12 53 2011 ( ) 12 54 2012 (,, )

12 55 (,,, ) 12 56 ( ) 12 57 (,,, ) 2013 13 01 13 02 13 03 13 04 13 05 13 06 13 07 13 08 13 09 13 10 13 11 13 12 13 13 (ICT ) (,,,,,,, ) IC (,, ) (2013 ) ( ) ICT (,,,, ) (,,, ) 2014 ICT (,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ) (,,, ) (,,,,,, ) ICT (,, ) ICT ICT (,,,, ) ICT R&D (,,, ) (,,,,, ) ICT (,,,,,, )

13 14 13 15 13 16 13 17 13 18 13 19 13 20 13 21 13 22 13 23 13 24 13 25 13 26 (,,,,,,, ) ICT (,,,,,,, ) (,,,, ) 14 15 (,,,,, ) CPND (,,,,,,, ) MVNO MVNO (,,, ) (,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) LTE (,,,, ) (,,,,,,,, )

13 27 (,,,,, ) 13 28 (,,,, ) 13 29 (,,,, ) 13 30 (,,,,,, ) 13 31 (,,, ) 13 32 (,, ) 13 33 (,, ) 13 34 (,,, ) 13 35 (,,,,, ) 13 36 (,,,, ) 13 37 (,,, ) 13 38 (,,,, ) 13 39 ICT (ODA) (,,,,,, ) 13 40 (,, ) 13 41 (,,,, ) 13 42 (,, ) 13 43 (,,,,,,,,,,,, )

13 44 13 45 13 46 13 47 13 48 13 49 13 50 13 51 13 52 13 53 13 54 13 55 13 56 13 57 13 58 13 59 13 60 : ITU-KCC 3 (,,,,, ) (,,,,, ) 2013 (,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) ICT (,,,,,,,,,, ) (,,,,, ) (,, ) (hyper-connected society) (,,, ) (,,, ) 2.0 (,,,,, ) Digital Dividend (,,,,,,, ) (,,,,,, ) 2013 KI (, ) 2013,, ( ) 2013 (, ) (,, ) 2013 (,,,, )

13 61 13 62 13 63 13 64 (,,,, ) IT (,,,,, ) 2013 (,,,,,,,, ) (,,, )

/ Indiana University 2013 11 2013 11 3 36( ) TEL: 570-4114 FAX: 579-4695 6 ISBN 978-89-8242-995-8 93320