2011. 10. 28
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Ⅰ. EU ㅇ EU (Directorate-General Environment) EU,, (Directorate-General Climate Action), (ETS) ㅇ EU 2008 (Climate Change & Energy Package), 2011 8 2050 (A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050) 2050 1990 80% (2020 25%, 2030 40%, 2040 60% ) 20%, 20% EU (ETS ; Emission Trade Scheme) ㅇ EU 2001 (ETS), 2005 (Cap & Trade) 1 (2005-2007) 2 (2008~2012) ㅇ EU ETS 2009 EU 1990-17.4%,, HSBC 2010, EU 33%, 82% - 3 -
ETS ㅇ 2012 ETS 2006 EU, ETS 3 (2013-2020) Climate Change & Energy Package (2008) EU (Directive 2008/101/EC) (2009 2 ) ㅇ 2011 10, EU 2009 ( ) 80%, EU 21%, ETS EU (100 = 1990 ) ( : EU ) - 4 -
ㅇ EU (MRV ;monitoring, reporting, verification) 2011 9, ETS Ⅱ. EU (1) EU ETS ETS ㅇ ( : ) - 5 -
ㅇ 1970, 1997 ( 17 ) (Cap & Trade) (Baseline & Credit) (Cap & Trade) * (Cap), (e.g. EU-ETS, RGGI ) * * * * *, (Baseline & Credit) *, (Credit) (e.g. CDM, JI, KCERs ) * * * * ( : ) ㅇ, EU EU-ETS, UK-ETS, 2005 10 RGGI(Regional GHG Initiative) NSW(New South Wales) (//) CCRM(Climate Change Response Moderated Emissions Trading Amendment Bill) - 6 -
EU-ETS ㅇ EU ETS (Kyoto Protocol) EU CO2 EU ETS ( : ) ㅇ EU 2001 (ETS; Emission Trade Scheme), 2005 (Cap & Trade), 1 (2005-2007, EU 25 12,000 ) 2 (2008~2012, EU 3 30) - 7 -
EU ETS, 1 (2005-2007) - - ETS -,,, - 1 2,298MtCO2. - 25, 11,500 - I - CDM. - (CO2 - - 2 (2008-2012) - 1 : EU 1990 8% 3 (2013-2020) - : UNFCCC 1 2020 1990 25-40% - EU : EU 1990 20%. 30% - 2020 ETS - ETS 1 2005 21% - 1-2013 2008-2012 -EU 1.74% ( 2020 1 9.4% / 1 1,720MtCO2 (EU 2009 11.8% ) ). - 30 : EU 27 +,, - CDM JI. - (EU -,. - (opt-out) 3% ) - A :, (23), (296), (12~12,000), (5,700-11,900), 6 (22,200) - ETS IPCC(Third Assessment IPCC Report, 2001) (GWP, CO2 CO2 equivalent). (banking) (borrowing). - 40/tCO2-100/tCO2-100/tCO2 ( ) - -. ( : ) - 8 -
ㅇ EU EU action against climate change -The EU ETS,2009, ETS EU EU GDP 0.1% ㅇ 2011 10, EU, EU 2012 1990-10.5% (-8%), 2009 EU-27 1990-17.4% -7.1%(GDP -4%), EU-15 1990-12.7%, -6.9%(GDP -4%) ㅇ Non-ETS ( 60%) EU (Effort Sharing Decision) (2009) (GDP/ ) 2013~2020 (2005 20 ~ -20%) EU, ( ) (2) EU ETS EU ETS ㅇ 2012 ETS 2006 EU, ETS 3 (2013-2020) Climate Change & Energy Package (2008), 2009 2 EU (Directive 2008/101/EC) - 9 -
ㅇ EU, 2020 2006 63%~88% 2050 290%~667% (EU, ICAO, 2011.9.29) ㅇ EU 7 ETS & R&D ICAO ETS (EU, ICAO, 2011.9.29.) EU 2009 ( %) EU 27 15 / 100.0 32.4 26.7 20.2 10.3 7.0 3.2 0.2 100.0 29.8 28.3 21.8 10.2 6.7 3.0 0.3 ( 출처 : EU 집행위 ) EU 1990-2009 ( %) EU 27 15 / -17.4-18.9-26.1 20.8-22.0-30.8-31.6-32.5-12.7-12.2-19.9 16.8-14.1-29.1-38.8-30.9 ( 출처 : EU 집행위 ) - 10 -
ㅇ EU ( ) 80%, 1990~2009 EU 27 21% ㅇ EU 2020 1990 20% 2005 14%, (ETS) 21%, Non-ETS 10% (EU,, 2011.10.7) ㅇ EU ETS 3(2013~2020),,, 2012 1 ETS ETS ㅇ 2012~2020 : (EEA; European Environment Agency) 2011 7 ETS 2 30 (cap) 2004~2006 EU (2 2,144) ㅇ ( ) : 2012 97% (2 1,480), 2013 ~ 2020 95% (2 1,037) - 11 -
ㅇ 2012 85%(1 8,260), 15%(3,220), 2013~2020 82%(1 7,250), 15%(3,160), (special reserve) 3%(631) ㅇ 2012 : EU 2010~2011 (tonne-kilometres; ) (benchmark value) ㅇ, 2010 ㅇ (EEA; European Economic Area) 30 EU 62 900, (, ) (administering state) ㅇ 2011 9 EU (EUA: EU Allowances) 11.83 (2011.12 ), 2012 21.6-12 -
ㅇ EUA (EU ETS ), CER (CDM ), ERU (JI ), EU ETS EUA, CER, ERU EU ETS ETS 2011 12.26 2012 2.28 2012 3.31 2011 2.28 2013 2013 3.31 2012 4.30 2012 ( : EU ) ETS ㅇ EU 2011 9 ICAO, ETS 2020 7,000, R&D, 2015 3,600 ㅇ,, ETS 2012-2020 2-13 -
ㅇ 10~30 (1.1~3.3 ) (2011.3.7 PointCarbon,, 15 ) ㅇ EU ETS, (the European Court of Justice) 2012 Ⅲ. (1) (ICAO, IATA) (ICAO; International Civil Aviation Organization) ㅇ ICAO 1991, 1998, 2001 ㅇ 2004 ICAO, ㅇ 2007 ETS, EU EU-ETS, 2050 3% - 14 -
ㅇ 2010, EU ETS ㅇ EU EU ETS 2001, 2004 ICAO (,, 2010 15 ) (IATA; International Air Transportation Association) ㅇ IATA ETS EU ㅇ ICAO 2010 ㅇ IATA 2007 EU ETS ㅇ IATA,,, - 15 -
IATA ( : ) (2) ㅇ,,,, EU ETS ㅇ ICAO UN ㅇ EU, ㅇ - 16 -
ㅇ 30%, ㅇ ETS, 2014 75, 28 ㅇ, (ATA, Air Transport Association) ETS (), ETS (Financial Times, 2011.7.5) ㅇ 10%,, ETS ㅇ (Cap-and-Trade), ` ' "EU " - 17 -
ㅇ, 2011 7, EU (ETS) (EU ETS Prohibition Act of 2011), 10 ㅇ EU ㅇ EU "EU. " ㅇ,, (CAAC; Civil Aviation Administration of China) EU ETS ㅇ, ETS 10 (1694) EU ㅇ ETS 2012 8 ( 1 470) 2020 30-18 -
ㅇ, ㅇ 6 EU ETS ㅇ 2009 4,,,,, EU-ETS (,, 2011) ㅇ EU-ETS 2009 9, (MRV; Monitoring Reporting Verification), 2010,, 2011, 3 ㅇ CO2,,, - 19 -
- : 2004,,,,, 2010 5 8,500, 18 4,300, 0.9%,, - : -,, - : A380, B787, B747-8i, CS300, 20% ㅇ IATA, EU-ETS /, ㅇ Eco-flight,, - :,,,, - 20 -
- : Eco-counter,,,, -, :, ㅇ - 142kg, 2010 [-: 797KG, -:895KG, -: 912KG// B777-200ER] ㅇ IATA (FEGA : Fuel Efficiency Gap Analysis), ㅇ 20~30% A350XWB, 30 ㅇ 2009 6 3, 2010 8 5, 2009 2010 4,500, 7,000, 1-21 -
Ⅳ. ETS ㅇ EU 2011 9 ICAO ETS, 1 2 ~ 12 1 ( : kg) ( : ) ( : ) - 379 0.91 4.55-627 1.50 7.52-683 1.64 8.20-753 1.81 9.04-746 1.79 8.95 ( : EU ) ㅇ EU ETS ETS ETS 2020 ( : EU ) - 22 -
ETS ㅇ EU ETS 2020 7,000 3,600 ETS 2012-2020 2 ㅇ - : " 2012 8 ( 1 470) 2020 30 " (2011.9) - : 54 271, 2019 196 980 (2011.9) ㅇ ETS EU EU,, EU ( 11. 9) ( : EU ) - 23 -
ㅇ EU-ETS (, ICAO ) EU (2012 ), EU ICAO EU-ETS, ㅇ (Kunal Sinha),,, ㅇ, R&D ㅇ 5.2%,,,.. - 24 -