ORIGINAL ARTICLE Child Health Nurs Res, Vol.19, No.3, July 2013: ISSN(Print) ISSN(Onlin

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN(Print) 2287-9110 ISSN(Online) 2287-9129 보육교사를위한응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습의효과 : 일상생활응급상황과심폐소생술중심으로 최은주 청암대학교간호학과 Effects of Case-based Small Group Learning on Daycare Center Teachers Coping Ability in Emergency Situations: Focus on Daily Life and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Eun-Ju Choi Department of Nusring, Cheongam College, Suncheon, Korea Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of case-based learning on the coping ability of daycare center teachers in emergency situations. In the study knowledge of emergency treatment methods, attitude, intention and ability to perform CPR between were examined in an experimental group (daycare center teachers who participated in the small groups discussing case studies and comparing them with their own experience) and a control group. Methods: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Sixty-four teachers were recruited from 40 child daycare centers in S city located in J province. Thirty-three teachers were assigned to experimental group and participated in the case-based small group learning. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program to perform χ 2 -test, Pearson correlation coefficients and t-test. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores in knowledge, attitude, intention, and performance ability than those of the control group. Conclusion: The study results indicate that case-based small group learning on coping ability in emergency situation is effective in increasing knowledge, attitude, intention, and performance ability for daycare center teachers. Key words: Case, Small group, Child daycare center, Emergencies, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 연구의필요성 서론 여성의사회진출확대와자녀양육을위한가족지원망이부족함에 따라영 유아들의특성을고려한보육시설확충과종일제프로그램 요구의증가로아동의보육시설내생활시간도늘어나고있다 (Ministry of Health and Welfare [MHW], 2010). 이는과거유아의질병, 응급 Corresponding author Eun-Ju Choi Department of Nursing, Cheongam College, 224-9 Deokwol-dong, Suncheon 540-703, Korea TEL +82-61-740-7223 FAX +82-61-740-7180 E-MAIL cej1998@nate.com Key words 사례기반소그룹학습, 보육교사, 응급상황, 심폐소생술 투고일 2013/1/31 1 차수정 2013/4/11 2 차수정 2013/5/13 게재확정일 2013/6/3 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 관리부분에대한책임이부모에게국한된반면, 현재보육시설에도동일한책임이요구되는계기가되었다 (Kim, 2009). 따라서보육교사들에게응급상황이발생하였을때신속한응급처치를할수있는능력과안전에대한지식을요구하게되었으며, 이로인해정부는 2003년어린이안전원년으로선포하고, 안전예방의식과사고에대처하는생활응급의보급을실시하게되었다 (Kim, 2009; Lee & Jo, 2010). 영유아의안전사고는영구적인결함을초래하거나신체적, 심리적으로영향을미치며, 특히응급상황시영유아의생명과예후는사고현장에서신속하고적절한응급처치여부에따라결정된다 (Lee & Jo, 2010). 그러나대부분의보육교사들은화상, 골절, 심폐소생술, 중독사고및의식저하와관련한초기응급처치를위한지식부족과실행의어려움을호소하였으며 (Damjan & Rok, 2012), 근무하는동안실제심정지와급성기도폐쇄아동을목격함에도불구하고극히일부교사만이심폐소생술을정확히시행할수있다고답한것으로보고되었다 168 Copyright 2013 Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing

(Lee, Choi, & Cheon, 2010). 따라서영유아의생명과예후를위해보육교사의응급처치능력이강조되고있는현시점에서보육교사들을대상으로영유아의사고유형에따른응급상황대처교육이이루어진다면사고발생후적절한처치를통해영유아상태의악화예방과신체적심리적안정을되찾는데도움을줄것이다 (Alexis & Robert, 2012; Kim et al., 2011; Kim, Park, & Yi, 2006; Lee & Jo, 2010). 보육교사를위한응급상황대처관련교육의취약성은안전사고예방지침, 응급대처관련지식과기술, 안전사고시법적대응및부모와의대화기법에대한교육의부재로나타났으며, 이는일회성교육이아닌구체적인안전사고사례제시로부터의다양한안전점검과관리및예방지침교육을요구하게되었다 (Kim et al., 2011). 현재까지보육교사를위한교육은유아교육과재학시관련교과목의이수와안전이나응급처치에관한일반연수및직무연수과정이외에는응급상황대처에대해학습할수있는기회가충분하지않았다 (Lee & Jo, 2011). 보육교사의반성적사고를바탕으로서로협동하며상호학습하는집단학습이요구되고있으나 (Fukkink & Tavecchio, 2010; Ryu, Ji, & Yoon, 2001), 교육중재로대부분대규모강의로이루어지고있어효율적인교수방법의제고가필요하다. 본연구에서는보육교사대상으로응급상황대처의효과성을높이기위한다양한교육적시도가부족한현시점에서제시된아동의사례를바탕으로동료교사와의상호작용적토론과자신의경험에대한성찰을유도하고, 이에따른응급상황대처지침을유추하도록하는교수방법 (Choi & Hwang, 2012; Lim & Ryoo, 2009) 을선택하였다. 응급상황대처에대한연구를살펴보면동영상을보면서심폐소생술과복부밀어내기교육을제공한결과보육교사의응급처치에대한시행의지를증가시키는데효과적인것으로나타났으며 (Cho et al., 2010; Kim, Cho, Na, Cho, & Kim, 2010), Video self-instruction program 을활용한교육을제공한결과심폐소생술실기수행능력이향상되었음을보고하였다 (Kim, 2009). 보육교사대상의연구에서는응급처치교육에대한실태조사 (Kim et al., 2006), 안전교육요구도와사고예방에대한지식과태도조사 (Kim et al., 2003), 응급상황에따른처치방법에대한실태조사 (Lee & Jo, 2010), 초기대응방법의지식조사 (Damjan & Rok, 2012) 등의연구가이루어지고있다. 응급상황의접촉기회가많은보육시설에서직접돌보는보육교사들의대처수행이낮은상황을고려할때 (Lee, D. H., et al., 2010), 응급상황대처에초점을둔교육의개발과중재후효과검증은매우부족한실정이다. 따라서본연구에서는보육교사를대상으로응급상황별아동의사례를바탕으로소그룹학습을통해보육교사들이상호학습하며자신의대처와경험을성찰하는교수방법을적용함으로써응급상황대처능력을증진하고이들을위한맞춤형교육프로그램개발의근거자료를마련하고자한다. 연구의목적본연구는보육교사를대상으로응급상황별아동의사례를제시하여소그룹학습을적용한후대조군과비교하여대상자의응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지, 심폐소생술술기능력에미치는효과를확인하고자하기위함이다. 연구의가설가설 1. 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습을제공받은실험군과제공받지않은대조군의응급상황대처에대한지식점수는차이가있을것이다. 가설 2. 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습을제공받은실험군과제공받지않은대조군의심폐소생술태도와수행의지에대한점수는차이가있을것이다. 가설 3. 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습을제공받은실험군과제공받지않은대조군의심폐소생술술기능력점수는차이가있을것이다. 연구방법 연구설계본연구는보육교사를대상으로응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습을적용한후보육교사의응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지및심폐소생술술기능력에미치는효과를검증하기위한비동등성대조군전후유사실험연구이다. 연구대상본연구는전라남도 S시소재 230개보육시설중 20인이하의만 4 세이하원아가재원하고있는 133개의가정어린이집을모집단으로하여본연구의목적을이해하고참여에동의한 40개의보육시설을편의표집하였다. 대상자간연구진행과정에서의실험효과확산을방지하기위해보건복지부산하아이사랑보육포털사이트 (www.childcare. go.kr) 를바탕으로행정구역상동부와북부 20곳, 서부와남부 20곳을선정하였으며, 지리적인여건과보건정책의혜택이유사한지역에위치하고교육중재동안협조가가능한곳을실험군, 다른곳은대조군으로임의배정하였다. 본연구자는선정된보육시설을직접방문하여보육시설장에게연구자의신분을밝히고, 연구계획서를제시하여연구취지를설명하였으며, 연구실행에대한동의를구한후적극적인지원을허락받았다. 대상자의수는 G*Power 3.1 프로그램을이용하여산출하였으며 (Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2009), 유의수준 (α) =.05, 검정력 (1- β) =.80, 독립표본 t-test를위한효과크기 (d) =.80으로계산한결과집단 www.chnr.or.kr 최은주 169

별최소표본크기는 26명이었으나 20-30% 의탈락자를고려하여실험군과대조군각각 34명으로총 68명을선정하였다. 최종자료의분석에는교육에 2회이상참석하지못한실험군 1명을제외한실험군 33명과개인적사유로사후검사를완성하지못한 3명을제외한대조군 31 명으로총 64명의자료가이용되었다. 연구도구응급상황대처지식응급상황에대한대처지식은 Lee와 Jo (2010) 의응급처치상황에따른처치방법에대한실태조사도구와 2010년미국심장협회기본소생술가이드라인을토대로연구자가총 20문항을구성하였으며, 도구개발자와기관의동의를구한후사용하였다. 본도구는전문심장구조술강사인응급의학과전문의 2인과기본심폐소생술강사인간호학과교수 3인, 총 5인에의해내용타당도검증을통해내용타당도지수 (Content Validity Index; CVI) 가.80 이하인 5문항을삭제하였으며, 본지식측정도구는일상생활의응급상황에따른처치 10문항, 기본심폐소생술 5문항으로총 15문항으로구성되었다. 각진술에대해정답은 1점, 오답은 0점으로평가하여최고점수 15점이며, 점수가높을수록응급상황에대한대처지식이높다는것을의미한다. 본연구도구의 CVI는.89이었고, Kuder-Richardson formular (KR-20) 값은.73이었다. 심폐소생술태도와수행의지심폐소생술태도는 Park, Choi, Kang, Im과 Yeom (2006) 의도구를 Lee, Kim과 Kim (2010) 이수정, 보완한총 11문항의도구를연구도구개발자와수정보완한연구자의동의를구한후사용하였다. 응답은 매우그렇지않다 1점에서 매우그렇다 5점으로부여하였으며, 점수가높을수록심폐소생술에대한태도가긍정적인것을의미한다. Lee, E. K. 등 (2010) 의연구에서는내적일치도계수 Cronbach s alpha 값은.80이었으며, 본연구에서는.81이었다. 심폐소생술수행의지는 의식을잃고쓰러진아이를발견하거나도움을요청받았을때심폐소생술을시행하시겠습니까 라는질문에 매우그렇지않다 1점에서 매우그렇다 5점을부여하여측정하였다. 심폐소생술술기능력보육교사의심폐소생술술기능력을측정하기위한도구는대한심폐소생협회의 2010년기본심폐소생술술기체크리스트를토대로연구자가수정, 보완하여사용하였다. 본도구는성인과소아의심폐소생술술기를평가하기위해기관의연구도구사용동의를구한후전문심장구조술강사인응급의학과전문의 2인과기본심폐소생술강사인간호학과교수 3인, 총 5인의내용타당도를확인한후사용하였으며, 총 22개의항목을평가하였다. 도구의내용은성인과소아의의식확 인, 응급의료체계에신고및자동제세동기요청, 기도개방, 흉부압박, 인공호흡 ( 심폐소생술 5주기실시 ) 등 14개항목과영아 1인심폐소생술술기를평가하기위해영아의반응확인, 응급의료체계에신고, 흉부압박, 인공호흡 ( 심폐소생술 5주기실시 ) 등 8개항목이었다. 각항목을완벽하게시행한경우 1점, 불안전하게시행하거나시행하지않은경우 0점으로, 점수범위는 0점에서 22점이며점수가높을수록심폐소생술술기능력이높다는것을의미한다. 본연구도구의내적일치도계수 Cronbach s alpha 값은.93이었다. 연구절차응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습안개발응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습안은예기치못한응급상황이아동에게발생할경우보육교사가상황을인식하고중재하여부적절한응급처치로야기되는부작용을최소화하도록교사의응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지를향상시키고심폐소생술술기를습득하고자본연구자가개발한프로그램이다. S시소재보육시설 3곳의보육교사 7명을대상으로요구도조사및보육교사와의개별면담을시행하였으며, 문헌고찰 (Damjan & Rok, 2012; Kim et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2006; Lee & Jo, 2010) 을통해아동의응급상황에따른보육교사의대처능력이요구되는아동의사례를학습시나리오로구성하였다. 보육교사 6-7명이소그룹을형성하여벌레에게물린경우, 고열, 눈에이물질이들어간경우, 출혈, 중독과같은일상생활에서발생하는응급상황과질식및심폐소생술이요구되는아동의사례를제시하여자기성찰및동료교사와의상호작용에기초한소그룹학습을통해일상생활의응급상황대처방법을습득하도록하였다. 각학습시나리오에는여름캠프중벌레에물린증상을보이는 다빈이, 등원부터 4시간동안고열을보이고있는 나은이, 눈에이물질이들어간 은찬이, 미끄럼틀에서넘어져무릎에출혈이있는 성현이, 가정용세제를마신 유진이, 블록을삼킨 여진이 그리고계곡으로물놀이캠프를갔다가의식을잃은 자현이 등총 7개의사례가제시되었다. 소그룹학습팀은 6-8명의규모가각구성원들이문제를해결하기위하여정보를수집하고, 대안발표및토론을통해다양한관점의정보제공에효과적임을근거로 (Michaelsen, Parmelee, McMahon, & Levine, 2007), 본연구에서는 6-7명, 총 5팀을구성하였다. 교육시간과횟수는대상자들과적정시간을조율하여소그룹학습 120분씩 3 회와소그룹학습및심폐소생술실기를포함한 4시간 1회, 총 4회로구성하였다. 개발한시나리오는 5명의전문가 ( 소아청소년과전문의 1 인, 응급의학과전문의 1인, 아동간호학교수 1인, 유아교육과교수 1인, 시설장 1인 ) 로부터내용타당도를검증받아학습목표와학습내용을구체화하였다 (Table 1). 170 보육교사를위한응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습 www.chnr.or.kr

Table 1. Contents of the Outline of a Case-based Small Group Learning on Coping Ability in Emergency Situation Session Module Content Time (minute) Pedagogy strategy 1 Introduction Orientation of program process and objectives 30 Introducing Introducing of lesson schedule and contents 40 Organization of small group 40 Conducting pre-test 10 2 Introducing session process and objectives 5 Communication Sharing the experience of previous lesson and introduction of lesson schedule 10 Small group learning Case 1: Dabin Sharing experiences of emergency event in the facility 20 Interactions among learners Understanding biting site care (Dabin shows bug bite symptoms) 10 Self-reflection Case 2: Naeun Sharing experiences of emergency event 20 Lecture Understanding fever care 10 (Naeun has fever for 4 hours since arriving at the daycare center) Case 3: Eunchan Sharing experiences of emergency event 20 Understanding foreign body care (Eunchan has debris in his eyes) 10 Providing manuals of prevention and care of emergency event 10 Instruction of next session 5 3 Introducing session process and objectives 5 Communication Sharing the experience of previous lesson and introduction of lesson schedule 10 Small group learning Case 4: Seonghyeon Sharing experiences of emergency event 20 Interactions among learners Understanding bleeding care 10 Self-reflection (Seonghyeon s knees are bleeding from falling on a slide) Case 5: Yujin Sharing experiences of emergency event 20 Lecture Understanding poison care (Yujin drank household detergent) 10 Case 6: Yeojin Sharing experiences of emergency event 20 Understanding choking care (Yeojin swallowed a toy block) 10 Providing manuals of prevention and care of emergency event 10 Instruction of next session 5 4 Introducing session process and objectives 5 Communication Sharing the experience of previous lesson and introduction of lesson schedule 5 Small group learning Case 7: Jahyeon Sharing experiences of emergency event 15 Self-reflection Understanding CPR (Adult, Junior, Infant) 200 Interactions among learners Jahyeon is unconscious after playing in a creek Summary of the lessons 5 Lecture Post-test 10 Practice 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습의적용응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습은교사들이제시된시나리오를보고응급상황을인식하여문제해결접근방법단계에따라자기성찰과대상자간의상호작용을통해응급상황대처방법을습득하도 록하였다. 소그룹학습은 120분씩 3회와소그룹학습및심폐소생술실기를포함한 4시간 1회로, 3주간총 4회를 S시소재대학심폐소생교육센터에서실시되었으며, 소그룹학습진행에적절하게자리를배치하였다. 보육시설의보육교사는한기관당최소 1명에서최대 4명이참 www.chnr.or.kr 최은주 171

여하였고, 팀구성원선정은밀폐된상자에서대상자의이름을한번에하나씩뽑아팀별로할당하고뽑힌이름은다시상자에넣지않는방법으로하였으며, 4회의교육동안같은구성원으로학습에참여하였다. 1회기에서부터 3회기까지의교육진행은본연구자가 120분동안직접진행하였으며, 그룹학습경험이있는학생 2명을보조인력으로두었다. 도입단계는대상자의출석을확인하고지난주학습내용을대상자간서로공유하도록하였다. 전개단계는대상자의호기심과관심을유발하도록응급처치가요구되는아동의상황이진술된시나리오를제시하였다. 대상자들은소그룹으로구성하여각자의역할을정하였으며, 팀장이구성원들의의견을모아공동의문제해결방안을제시하도록하였다. 본연구에서는문제해결접근방법의단계진행동안대상자간활발한의사소통과상호작용을증진하고대상자들의참여율을높이기위해메모지를활용한집단명목기법을이용하였다. 각사례별해결방법은팀구성원들이토론을통해도출한공동결과이며, 다른팀도대상자들의생각을공유할수있도록팀구성원중한명이발표하도록하였다. 마무리단계는대상자들에게간단한퀴즈를제시하여그들이습득한지식을평가하고, 대상자들이그동안경험하였거나알고있는사실과의차이점에대해무작위로선정하여발표하도록하였다. 이단계에서소그룹학습활동에활발한집단은긍정적인성취감이인식될수있도록연구자의피드백을제공하였으며활동이활발한팀으로추천받은한팀을선정하여소정의상품권을증정하였다. 4회기는 4시간동안진행되었으며, 본연구자가계곡으로물놀이캠프를갔다가의식을잃은자현이사례를 20분간소그룹학습으로진행한후대상자의심폐소생술술기수행능력습득을위해미국심장협회전문심장구조술강사 4인이대한심폐소생협회의 Basic Life Support (BLS) Provider 일반인과정의가이드라인에따라심폐소생술동영상을보면서마네킹을활용한실습수업진행과심폐소생술술기능력평가를시행하였다. 자료수집방법본연구는 S시소재 40개보육시설기관장의동의를구한후시행하였으며, 대상자에게연구목적과방법을설명한후참여동의서를받았다. 수집한자료에대해서는익명과비밀유지를약속하였으며, 연구가진행하는과정에서도대상자가원하지않으면연구에대한참여의사를언제든지철회할수있음을설명하였다. 자료수집기간은 2012년 6월 7일부터 21일까지였으며, 실험군은응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습 1회기와 4회기에설문조사를하였고, 대조군은실험군과동일한시기에각보육시설의교사실에서실시하였다. 설문지작성에걸리는시간은약 5-10분이었고, 회수율을높이기위하여작성이끝난직후설문지는회수하였다. 사후조사가끝난 후대상자모두에게감사표시로상품권을제공하였으며, 대조군에게는 BLS Provider 일반인과정의가인드라인에따라마네킹을활용한실습수업과대한심폐소생협회에서제작한 생명을살리는심폐소생술 책자를제공하였다. 자료분석방법자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 18.0을이용하여분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성은실수와백분율을구하였으며, 일반적특성및종속변수에대한두집단간사전동질성검정은 χ 2 -test, t-test를실시하였다. 또한심폐소생술태도와수행의지와의관계는 Pearson s correlation coefficient를이용하여양측검정을하였으며, 소그룹학습의중재효과를파악하기위하여 paired t-test 로분석하였다. 연구결과 대상자의일반적특성과두집단의동질성검정일반적특성으로연령, 학력, 경력, 재학시응급처치관련교과목이수경험, 응급상황발생시대처방법, 심폐소생술관련지식정도, 심폐소생술교육경험, 응급상황경험및심폐소생술교육의필요성등을비교한결과두집단간에유의한차이가없었다. 본연구의종속변수인응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지및심폐소생술술기능력에서는두집단간에통계적으로유의한차이를보이지않았다 (Table 2). 가설검정가설 1 응급상황대처지식점수는사례기반소그룹학습후실험군 10.06 점, 대조군 7.45점으로나타났다. 또한실험군의사례기반소그룹학습참여전과후의평균차이는 3.24 ± 1.92점, 대조군의전과후의평균차이는 1.06 ± 1.81 점으로통계적으로유의한차이가있어제1가설은지지되었다 (t = 8.13, p <.001). 가설 2 심폐소생술태도점수는사례기반소그룹학습후실험군 37.21점, 대조군 32.52점으로나타났다. 실험군의사례기반소그룹학습참여전과후의평균차이는 5.52 ± 8.20점, 대조군의전과후의평균차이는 1.90 ± 4.08점으로통계적으로유의한차이가있었다 (t = 4.47, p <.001). 심폐소생술수행의지는사례기반소그룹학습후실험군 4.27점, 대조군 3.26점이었으며실험군의학습전과후의평균차이는 0.97± 1.38점, 대조군의평균차이는 0.16 ± 1.37점으로통계적으로유의한차이가있어제2가설은지지되었다 (t = 3.25, p =.002). 심폐소생술에대한태도와 172 보육교사를위한응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습 www.chnr.or.kr

Table 2. Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics and Outcome Variables between the Experimental and Control Group (N=64) Characteristics Category Experimental (n=33) Control (n=31) Mean ± SD or n (%) Mean ± SD or n (%) χ 2 or t p Age (year) 27.73±5.56 30.56±5.69 17.78.576 Education level Child C.C. 5 (15.2) 5 (16.1) 0.05.974 College 22 (66.7) 21 (67.7) University 6 (18.2) 5 (16.1) Total length of child care (year) <1 4 (12.1) 3 (9.7) 1.84.388 1-5 17 (51.5) 21 (67.7) 5-10 12 (36.4) 7 (22.6) Experience of education about coping ability in emergency situation No 16 (48.48) 15 (48.4) 2.61.253 Yes 17 (51.52) 16 (51.6) Coping ability Poor 31 (93.9) 27 (87.1) 3.62.062 Good 2 (6.1) 4 (12.9) Perceived knowledge about CPR FIP 22 (66.7) 21 (67.7) 0.062.805 Ever heard 11 (33.3) 10 (32.3) CPR education experience No 22 (66.7) 17 (54.8) 3.89.154 Yes 11 (33.3) 14 (45.2) Emergency experience No 31 (90.1) 28 (90.3) Yes 3 (9.1) 3 (9.7) CPR necessity recognition Strongly agree 14 (42.4) 20 (64.5) 3.62.176 Agree 15 (45.5) 10 (32.3) Neutral 4 (12.1) 1 (3.2) Outcome variables Knowledge Range (0-15) 6.82±1.33 6.38±1.58 1.18.243 Attitude Range (11-55) 31.70±4.71 30.61±2.91 1.10.276 Intention Range (1-5) 3.30±1.26 3.10±1.62 0.68.500 Performance ability Range (0-22) 10.12±1.02 9.94±0.93 0.76.451 Child C. C. =Child care certification; CPR=Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; FIP=Fear of imperfect performance. Table 3. Differences in Dependent variables between the Experimental and Control Groups Variables Groups Pretest Posttest Difference Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Knowledge Exp. (n = 33) 6.82 ± 1.33 10.06 ± 1.12 3.24 ± 1.92 8.13 Cont. (n = 31) 6.45 ± 1.70 7.45 ± 0.81 1.06 ± 1.81 ( <.001) Attitude Exp. (n = 33) 33.56 ± 4.68 37.21 ± 7.33 5.52 ± 8.20 4.47 Cont.(n=31) 32.23±4.37 32.52±3.41 1.90±4.08 ( <.001) Intention Exp. (n = 33) 3.30 ± 1.26 4.27 ± 0.97 0.97 ± 1.38 3.25 Cont. (n = 31) 3.10 ± 1.62 3.26 ± 1.15 0.16 ± 1.37 (.002) Performance Exp. (n = 33) 10.12 ± 1.02 20.30 ± 0.81 10.18 ± 1.07 9.33 ability Cont. (n = 31) 9.94 ± 0.93 10.77 ± 1.41 0.84 ± 1.29 ( <.001) Exp. =Experimental group; Cont. =Control group. 수행의지와의관계를살펴본결과실험군 (r =.711, p <.001) 과대조군 (r=.366, p =.043) 에서유의한상관관계가있는것으로나타났다. t (p) 점으로통계적으로유의한차이가있어제3가설도지지되었다 (t = 9.33, p <.001). 연구가설에대한검정결과는 Table 3과같다. 논의 본연구는응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습이보육교사의응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지및심폐소생술술기능력에미치는효과를측정한연구이다. 본연구에서개발한응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습은아동에게발생하는응급상황사례를통해보육교사의자기성찰과토론등의상호작용을바탕으로응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지를향상시키고마네킹을활용한심폐소생술실습을통하여술기를습득하도록하는교수학습전략을접목하였다. 기존의응급상황대처교육은보수교육을통한일회성 강의였으며보육교사를위한교육은서로상호작용할수있는그룹학 가설 3 심폐소생술술기점수는사례기반소그룹학습후실험군 20.30점, 대조군 10.77점으로나타났으며, 실험군의사례기반소그룹학습참여전과후의평균차이는 10.18±1.07 점, 대조군의평균차이는 0.84 ±1.29 습과반성적사고를반영하는것이요구되지만 (Fukkink & Tavecchio, 2010; Ryu et al., 2001), 보육교사들이경험하는응급상황사례제시와실습이병행된교육은이루어지지않았다. 따라서본연구에서는응급상황에따른대처지식과기술을습득하고자하는교육요구가증가 www.chnr.or.kr 최은주 173

하고있으나적절한교육의기회를제공받지못한보육교사들에게보육시설에서발생할수있는응급상황사례를바탕으로동료교사와의상호작용적토론과자신의경험에대한성찰을유도하고, 이에따른응급상황대처능력을유추하도록하는교수방법을선택하여교육을제공하였다. 이는보육교사를위한교육이강의식의획일적인방식보다는서로상호작용할수있는그룹학습과반성적사고를반영하는것이필요하다는인식을반영하였다는점에서의의가있으며, 효율적인교육을위한다양한교수학습전략을제안했다고생각된다. 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습후실험군의응급상황대처지식은대조군에비해통계적으로유의하게향상되어학습이보육교사의응급상황대처지식을향상시키는데효과가있음을알수있었다. 이는대한심폐소생협회에서제작한한글판교육용 DVD을보면서마네킹을이용하여 DVD 순서에맞도록따라하는교육을시행한결과소아심폐소생술지식에는차이가없었다는 Kim (2009) 의연구결과와는상반된다. 동영상의순서에따른심폐소생술교육은지식에는변화를보이지못했지만, 본연구에서와같이심폐소생술외질식, 중독과같은다양한사례중심의소그룹학습은응급상황대처지식변화에효과적이었음을입증한다. 특히본연구에서의응급상황대처지식향상은보육시설에서발생하는아동의사례와집단명목기법의활용으로대상자가알고있는내용을서로토론하여다른대상자와자신의의견을공유함으로써응급상황대처지식을습득하도록한점이었다고본다. 이러한교수방법은대상자에게적극적인학습참여와흥미를유발시켜응급상황대처지식을향상시켰다고생각된다. 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습적용후심폐소생술태도와수행의지정도를대조군과비교한결과실험군의태도와수행의지점수는대조군에비해유의하게높았으며, 심폐소생술에대한태도와수행의지간에순상관관계를보여소그룹학습이효과적인것으로나타났다. 이는농촌주민을대상으로심폐소생술교육후태도와수행의지를향상시켰다는결과 (Lee, E. K., et al., 2010) 를지지한다. 또한일반인을대상으로심폐소생술교육후심폐소생술태도를향상시켰다는연구결과 (Lee, Choi, & Park, 2007; Lee et al., 2009) 와보육교사에게 2시간동안비디오동영상을보고소아및영아심폐소생술과급성기도폐쇄에대한응급처치를직접따라하는교육이응급처치에대한시행의지를증가시켰다는결과 (Kauramoto et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2010) 를지지하였다. 이는강의와실습이함께이루어지는교육이수행의지를향상시키고 (Hamasu et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2009), 긍정적인태도변화를유도한다는연구결과 (Song & Kim, 2006) 를뒷받침한다. 특히응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습은보육시설에서발생하는아동의사례를제시하고집단명목기법을활용하여대상자가알고있는내용을토론하고다른대상자와자신의의견을공유한후대한심폐소생협회의동영상지침에따라심폐소생술실습을시행함으로써대상자에게흥 미를유발시키고적극적인학습참여를유도한점이심폐소생술태도와수행의지를향상시켰다고생각된다. 따라서보육교사의심폐소생술태도와수행의지를증진하기위해서는사례중심의토론및자기성찰과같은교수학습전략의활용을통해적극적인학습과정참여유도와동기를부여하고강의와실습수업을포함한보육교사를위한응급상황대처와심폐소생술교육의확대및다양한교육프로그램개발이필요하다. 심폐소생술술기능력점수는응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습적용후실험군의심폐소생술술기점수가대조군에비해유의하게높아보육교사의심폐소생술술기능력을향상시키는데효과가있음을알수있었다. 이는보육교사에게 Video self-instruction program을시행하면서전문강사의지도와추가실기교육을받은경우수행능력이향상되었다는보고 (Braslow et al., 1997; Kim, 2009) 와는유사하지만, 일반인에게 E-learning을활용하여인터넷강의와시뮬레이션동영상교육을제공한결과술기능력변화에효과적이지않았다는연구결과 (Lee, C. W., et al., 2010) 와는상반된다. 이는일회성강의나관찰교육은술기능력의변화를가져오지못하지만, 동영상을보면서진행하는전문강사의실습수업이나본연구에서와같이사례기반소그룹학습은술기능력향상에효과적이었음을입증한다. 또한본연구에서의술기능력향상은아동을대상으로발생가능한응급상황을제시하여대상자가알고있거나대처방안들을서로토론하여다른대상자와자신의경험을공유함으로써자신의문제를발견하고대처방안을찾도록한점이었다고본다. 이러한교수방법이대상자에게응급상황대처방안과심폐소생술에대한동기를유발시켜심폐소생술술기능력을향상시켰다고생각된다. 따라서추후에는학습의효과를극대화하기위해아동에서발생가능한시뮬레이션상황에서학습하고수행하는사례기반응급대처시뮬레이션학습프로그램의개발과적용후효과를측정하고평가하는것이필요하다. 또한보육교사의경우보육시설내아동의안전사고를예방하고최소화하기위해서는일회성응급상황대처교육으로끝날것이아니라장기기억으로내면화되고실기가정착되도록장기간에걸친반복적인교수학습프로그램의개발이필요하다. 본연구는지방의일지역어린이집을실험군과대조군으로선정하였기때문에본연구결과를국내다른어린이집으로확대적용할수없다는제한점이있다. 그러나보육교사를대상으로응급상황에따른대처가필요한아동사례중심의소그룹학습을시도하였고, 보육시설내에서빈번한안전사고예방과보육교사의응급상황대처기술향상에효과적인교수방법을제시하였으며보다확대된아동간호실무영역을위한실제적인근거를마련했다는데연구의의의가있다. 또한본연구를기반으로현재까지보육교사에게제공되고있는교수방법의제고를통해응급상황대처능력향상을위한프로그램개발과효과 174 보육교사를위한응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습 www.chnr.or.kr

적인학습방법에대한간호연구를수행할수있으리라사료된다. 따라서응급상황대처에대한지식과수행능력이오래지속될수있는체계적이고개선된교수방법및사례중심의응급상황대처교육안의지속적인개발과효과검증을위한추후연구를제언한다. 결론 본연구에서는보육시설아동을돌보는교사들의응급상황대처능력향상을위해사례기반의소그룹학습프로그램을적용하여효과를확인하였다. 학습에참여한보육교사는학습에참여하지않은군에비해응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지및심폐소생술술기능력이유의하게향상되었다. 이는일상생활에서흔히발생하는벌레물림, 고열, 출혈, 가정용세제중독, 질식등보육시설아동의응급상황사례제시와집단명목기법으로학습에참여한대상자가다른대상자와자신이알고있는내용을서로공유함으로써적극적인학습참여유도와동기를부여하였으며심폐소생술동영상시청과함께마네킹을활용한실습수업은응급상황대처능력향상을도모하였으리라생각된다. 따라서유아교육과재학생의교육과정과보육교사를위한보수교육및승급교육에서응급상황별아동의사례를바탕으로자기성찰과동료와의상호작용을반영한사례기반소그룹학습을적용한다면보육아동의안전사고예방과보육교사의응급상황대처수행능력향상에기여할수있으리라사료되며향후아동간호사의실무영역확대를위한새로운방향을제시하였다고생각된다. Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this articles was reported. 요약 목적본연구는보육교사를대상으로제시된응급상황별아동의사례를바탕으로동료교사와의상호작용적토론과자신의경험에대한성찰을유도하는소그룹학습을적용한후대조군과비교하여대상자의응급상황대처지식, 심폐소생술태도와수행의지, 심폐소생술술기능력에미치는효과를확인하고자하기위함이다. 방법본연구는비동등성대조군전후유사실험연구로전라남도 S시소재 40개보육시설의보육교사 64명을대상으로하였다. 이중 33명이실험군이였으며, 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습에참여하였다. 자 료는 SPSS 18.0 program을이용하여 χ 2 -test, t-test, Pearson s correlation coefficient 로분석하였다. 결과연구결과사례기반소그룹학습은대상자들의응급상황대처지식을향상시키고보육교사의심폐소생술태도와심폐소생술을수행하고자하는의지의변화를도모하여심폐소생술술기능력을유의하게증가시켜응급상황대처능력증진을위한효과적인교수방법임을확인할수있었다. 결론응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습은보육교사들에게일상생활에서발생할수있는응급상황의대처능력을향상시키기위한교수방법으로고려할수있으며본연구결과를토대로응급상황대처능력을오래지속될수있는새로운교수방법제안및다양한학습프로그램을개발시킬수있으리라생각된다. 참고문헌 Alexis, A., & Robert, A. (2012). Pediatric out-of hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation, 125, 2374-2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circula- TIONAHA.111.071472 Braslow, A., Brennan R. T., Newman, M. M., Bircher, N. G., Batcheller, A. M., & Kaye, W. (1997). CPR training without an instructor: Development and evaluation of a video self-instructional system for effective performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 34(3), 207-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(97)01096-4 Cho, G. C., Sohn, Y. D., Kang, K. H., Lee, W. W., Lim, K. S., Kim, W., et al. (2010). The effect of basic life support education on laypersons willingness in performing bystander hands only cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 81, 691-694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.02.021 Choi, E. J., & Hwang, S. Y. (2012). Effects of case-based small group learning about care of infected children for daycare center teachers. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 42, 771-782. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/ jkan.2012.42.6.771 Damjan, S., & Rok, F. (2012). Kindergarten teachers and their assistants knowledge of first aid in slovenian kindergartens. Health Education Journal. Advanced online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00178 96912446555 Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2009). Statistical power www.chnr.or.kr 최은주 175

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