Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp.429-450 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.4.201912.429 * Differences in Attitudes to Patient Safety and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning in Medical Students according by Gender and Grade Purpose: Necessity about interprofessional cooperation keeps on increasing and patient safety is also highlighted in the medical community. However, there is a lack of awareness of patient safety and interprofessional cooperation among medical students. Therefore, this study aims to find out the grade and gender-based difference among medical students through questionnaire, and then examines the relationship between attitude toward patient safety and readiness for interprofessional cooperation. Method: The survey on grade and gender-based differences in attitudes toward patient safety and readiness for interprofessional cooperation was conducted through a questionnaire survey of 500 medical students from two medical school. For perception of patient safety, APSQ-III was used, and RIPLS was used for readiness for interprofessional cooperation. For the study analysis, we used a two-way ANOVA and simple regression analysis Results: There were significant differences in attitudes to patient safety by grade and gender are sub-factors: Patient safety training received to date, Error reporting, Error inevitability, Team functioning, Patient s role in error, Importance of patient safety in the curriculum. Team-work and collaboration, and professional identity, which are sub-factors of Readiness of healthcare students for interprofessional learning, differed significantly by grade and gender. Teamwork and collaboration have been shown to influence on attitudes to patient safety. Conclusion: This study is expected to raise awareness of patient safety and interprofessional cooperation in the medical education curriculum. It may also help to establish the direction of how patient safety awareness education, including interprofessional collaboration in medical education, should be conducted by grade. Key words : patient safety attitudes, readiness for interprofessional learning, medical students, medical education * 2019. Corresponding Author: Yune, So-Jung. Pusan National University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Education, Busandaehakro 49, Yangsan, Korea, e-mail: cc139@pusan.ac.kr
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(Problem Based Learning; PBL)., PBL (Reynolds, 2003).,.. 2019 7 1 4.,. 619, 541 ( 87.4%). 1 2 3 4 78 82 95 91 346 % 22.5% 23.7% 27.5% 26.3% 100.0% % 64.5% 64.1% 66.0% 61.5% 64.0% % 14.4% 15.2% 17.6% 16.8% 64.0% 43 46 49 57 195 % 22.1% 23.6% 25.1% 29.2% 100.0% % 35.5% 35.9% 34.0% 38.5% 36.0% % 7.9% 8.5% 9.1% 10.5% 36.0% 121 128 144 148 541 % 22.4% 23.7% 26.6% 27.4% 100.0% % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % 22.4% 23.7% 26.6% 27.4% 100.0%
Carruthers, Lawton, Sandars, Howe Perry(2009) (Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire, APSQ-III). Carruthers, Lawton, Sandars, Howe Perry(2009) 9 26, (Cronbach α).64.82. 1, 1, 2, 1, 1 20. (Cronbach α).858,.512.860. Del Bigio, Mulhall, Shevchuk & Mansell(2016) (Readiness of healthcare students for interprofessional learning scale, RIPLS). 19, Likert 5 1 ( ) 5 ( ). (team-work and collaboration), (professional identity), (roles and responsibility) 3, Cronbach α.70.95., (Cronbach α).893.653. Cronbach α 3.860 2.766 3.833 2.725 2.681 2.512 2.836 2.807 2.657 20.858 9.893 7.653 16.874
. Tukey, Tamhane T2.,. SPSS 23.0 for Windows(SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).. < IV-1>, < IV-2>.,,,,,., (F=4.66, p=0.003) (F=10.58, p=0.001), (F=3.66, p=0.12). 4 (M=14.19, SD=3.18) (M=12.54, SD=3.47). 1 2, 3 4. 1 (M=15.22, SD=2.99) 1 (M=13.12, SD=3.23), 2 (M=14.98, SD=3.09) (M=14.44, SD=3.49). 2 (M=14.98, SD=3.09) 2 (M=14.44, SD=3.49), 3 (M=14.31, SD=3.45) 3 (M=14.99, SD=3.55) < IV-1>., (F=4.31,
p=0.005). 2(M=10.91, SD=2.00) 3(M=11.06, SD=32.31) 4(M=10.22, SD=2.21). (F=9.505, p=0.000). 1(M=12.21, SD=1.63), 2(M=12.11, SD=1.81), 3(M=11.97, SD=2.16) 4(M=11.08, SD=2.31). (F=3.58, p=0.014), 2(M=11.05, SD=2.16), 3(M=10.96, SD=2.05) 4 (M=10.29, SD=2.39). (F=4.63, p=0.003), 1(M=11.45, SD=1.83), 3(M=11.31, SD=2.05) 4(M=10.62, SD=2.11). (F=6.81, p=0.003) 1(M=11.15, SD=1.64), 2(M=10.88, SD=1.91), 3(M=10.94, SD=1.99) 4(M=10.15, SD=2.09)., (F=6.55, p=0.000), 1(M=108.37, SD=10.32), 2(M=107.55, SD=12.44), 3(M=107.53, SD=13.12) 4(M=102.43, SD=14.21)..,,,,,,, 4 1 2 3. 1 2 3 4 M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) 15.22 (2.99) 10.83 (2.49) 17.97 (2.91) 12.33 (1.68) 9.22 (2.19) 9.82 (2.38) 10.97 (1.97) 13.12 (3.23) 10.84 (2.00) 17.67 (2.79) 11.98 (1.52) 9.79 (2.01) 10.47 (1.72) 10.81 (1.97) 14.44 (3.49) 10.73 (2.02) 17.79 (2.84) 12.07 (1.96) 9.18 (2.44) 9.91 (2.44) 11.09 (2.26) 14.98 (3.09) 11.24 (1.93) 18.35 (2.41) 12.17 (1.52) 8.89 (2.59) 9.80 (2.21) 10.98 (2.01) 14.99 (3.55) 11.19 (2.14) 17.85 (3.09) 12.13 (2.08) 8.93 (2.78) 9.68 (2.45) 10.97 (2.14) 14.31 (3.45) 10.82 (2.10) 17.61 (3.04) 11.67 (2.29) 9.49 (2.32) 9.57 (2.30) 10.94 (1.90) 14.19 (3.18) 10.40 (2.23) 17.34 (3.07) 11.34 (2.08) 9.14 (2.69) 9.64 (2.46) 10.38 (2.09) 12.54 (3.47) 9.95 (2.44) 17.12 (3.63) 10.67 (2.61) 9.60 (2.36) 10.40 (2.37) 10.14 (2.81)
( ) 1 2 3 4 M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) 11.46 (1.85) 11.26 (1.62) 109.09 (11.11) 11.44 (1.83) 10.95 (1.68) 107.07 (8.69) 10.96 (2.42) 10.67 (1.96) 106.85 (13.27) 11.11 (2.08) 11.26 (1.77) 108.78 (10.85) 11.21 (2.05) 10.97 (1.89) 107.92 (13.68) 11.49 (2.05) 10.90 (2.19) 106.80 (12.06) 10.77 (1.93) 10.18 (2.08) 103.37 (12.55) 10.39 (2.37) 10.11 (2.11) 100.91 (16.54) SS df MS F p post hoc 154.19 3 51.40 4.66.003 2.3>4 116.79 1 116.79 10.58.001 * 121.14 3 40.38 3.66.012 5884.25 533 11.04 62.28 3 20.76 4.31.005 2.3>4.74 1.74.15.695 * 17.83 3 5.94 1.24.296 2565.70 533 4.81 48.72 3 16.24 1.80.147.32 1.32.04.851 * 14.67 3 4.89.54.654 4819.45 533 9.04 115.60 3 38.53 9.51.000 1.2.3>4 14.77 1 14.77 3.64.057 * 9.99 3 3.33.82.482 2160.85 533 4.05 14.33 3 4.78.78.506 13.02 1 13.02 2.12.146 * 15.32 3 5.11.83.477 3270.72 533 6.14 18.31 3 6.10 1.11.346 10.89 1 10.89 1.98.160 * 21.37 3 7.12 1.29.276 2939.11 533 5.51 50.24 3 16.75 3.58.014 2.3>4 2.26 1 2.26.48.487 *.82 3.27.06.982 2493.98 533 4.68
( ) SS df MS F p post hoc 60.37 3 20.12 4.63.003 1,3>4.00 1.00.00.977 * 8.30 3 2.77.64.592 2319.03 533 4.35 75.85 3 25.28 6.81.000 1,2,3>4.17 1.17.04.833 * 13.00 3 4.33 1.17.321 1977.71 533 3.71 3179.82 3 1059.94 6.55.000 1,2,3>4 104.15 1 104.15.64.423 * 356.88 3 118.96.74.532 86304.38 533 161.92 < IV-3>, < IV-4>.
1 2 3 4 M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) M(SD) 37.60 (4.41) 24.96 (3.18) 62.56 (6.74) 37.67 (3.75) 25.70 (2.84) 63.37 (5.53) 34.12 (5.57) 23.98 (2.95) 58.10 (7.45) 35.27 (4.84) 24.04 (3.76) 59.22 (7.97) 34.76 (5.76) 24.00 (3.95) 58.76 (8.80) 34.53 (5.32) 23.96 (3.85) 58.49 (8.34) 33.98 (5.24) 24.05 (4.02) 58.03 (8.44) 32.28 (5.82) 22.65 (3.43) 54.93 (7.64) SS df MS F p post hoc 1284.38 3 428.13 15.74.000 1>2,3,4 3.86 1 3.86.14.707 * 132.82 3 44.27 1.63.182 14466.80 532 27.19 248.85 3 82.95 6.55.000 1>2,3,4 3.190 1 3.19.25.616 * 78.10 3 26.03 2.06.105 6749.45 533 12.66 2666.84 3 888.95 14.62.000 1>2,3,4 15.92 1 15.92.26.609 * 363.35 3 121.12 1.99.114 32358.52 532 60.82,,., (F=15.74, p=0.000), (F=6.55, p=0.000), (F=14.62, p=0.000),.., 1(M=37.63, SD=4.17) 2(M=34.53, SD=5.33), 3(M=34.68, SD=5.60), 4(M=33.32, SD=5.51), 1(M=35.22, SD=3.08) 2(M=24.00, SD=3.25), 3(M=23.99, SD=3.90), 4(M=23.51, SD=3.85), 1(M=62.85, SD=6.32) 2(M=58.50, SD=7.63), 3(M=58.67, SD=8.62), 4(M=56.84, SD=8.25).
, r=-.17 r=.65. (r=.63, p<.001). (r=.55, p<.001), (r=-.17, p<.001). (r=.59, p<.001). r=-.18 r=.54. (r=.54, p<.001)., (r=-.18, p<.001). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1. - 2..38 ** - 3..18 **.38 *** - 4..13 **.39 ***.59 *** - 5. -.17.06.19 ***.25 *** - 6..00.36 ***.18 ***.21 ***.22 *** - 7..29 ***.35 ***.35 **.37 ***.01.26 *** - 8..31 ***.42 ***.42 ***.50 ***.11 **.26 ***.63 *** - 9..33 ***.40 ***.33 ***.36 *** -.02.19 ***.55 ***.54 *** - 10..31 ***.29 ***.27 ***.36 *** -.02.14 **.45 ***.46 ***.54 *** - 11..32 ***.18 ***.12 **.16 *** -.18 *** -.03.30 ***.28 ***.38 ***.59 *** - * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001 < IV-6>. Durbin-Watson 1 3, VIF 10.
. 15% 35%. M SD B β t p R 2 37.63 4.17 1.15.46 4.93.000 1.22 25.22 3.07.15.04.46.644 34.53 5.32 1.12.48 5.24.000.24 2 23.97 3.24.09.02.26.797 34.68 5.60 1.02.44 4.36.000.15 3 23.99 3.90 -.24 -.07 -.70.485 33.32 5.51 1.61.62 7.89.000.35 4 23.51 3.85 -.17 -.05 -.60.553 35.04 12.87 1.21.51 8.67.000.22 24.23 3.60 -.30 -.08-1.40.162 34.74 5.39 1.31.55 7.76.000.34 23.96 3.64.22.06.88.379 34.93 5.43 1.24.53 11466.000.26 24.13 3.61 -.10 -.03 -.62.536.,..,. 4.,,,, 4.., (Myung et al., 2012).
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Nyström, 2015)... (Bar, Leurer, Warshawski, & Itzhaki, 2018),..,,.. 60% (, 2012).. (Ryan & McKenna, 1994). (Zwarenstein & Bryant, 2008).,,. (Kyrkjebø, Brattebø, & Smith-Strøm, 2006).,,, (Kim, Kang, & Kim, 2007).,,..,,.,,,,.,.
.512.,.,.,,,, (2005).. (4), 110-135.,,,,,, (2012).. (2), 213-221.,,,,,,,,,,, (2018).,. (2), 26-40. (2017).,. (2), 71-79., (2014).,. (1), 5-14. (2019).,..,, (2019). :. (1), 219-227. (2009).. (3), 217-228.,. (2018).. (1), 23-29.,, (2017).. (1), 75-85., (2015).. (8), 5458-5467. (2015).
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:..,,. : 2 500. APSQ-III, RIPLS.. :,,,,,.,., 15.0% 35.0%. :..