Original Article Korean J Child Stud 2016;37(2):157-168 http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.2.157 pissn: 1226-1688 eissn: 2234-408X Factors Influencing Adolescent's Relationship With Non-Custodial Parents Sung Hui Cho Department of Social Welfare, HyupSung University, Hwaseong, Korea Objective: This study examined the facotrs influencing the relationship of adolescents with noncustodial parent. Specifically, this study focused on the comparative influence of the family function as a factor controlling other factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, beliefs about parental divorce, and social support. Methods: Data were collected from 322 adolescents from divorced families using a structured questionnaire. SPSS 22.0, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression were performed to analyze the data. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that beliefs about parental divorce, social support, and family function affected the relationship with non-custodial parent. After controlling the influence of other factors, family function was found to have a significant influence on the relationship with noncustodial parents. Based on the results, practical suggestions were provided to enhance the relationship between adolescents and non-custodial parents. Keywords: relationship with non-custodial parent, adolescent from divorced family, beliefs about parental divorce, social support, family function., (Y. S. Cho & Lee, 2004; Moon, 2007). 1,000, 1990 1.1 1997 2.0, 2005 2.6 2.3 (Statistics Korea, 2014). OECD,. Corresponding Author: Sung Hui Cho, Department of Welfare, Hyupsung University, 72, Choerubaek-Ro, Bongdam-Eup, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi- Do, Korea, 18330. E-mail: chosh@uhs.ac.kr The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sung Hui Cho 158,,.,,, (Amato & Cheadle, 2005; E. J. Kim & Baek, 2007)..,,. (Joo & Cho, 2004)., (Amato & Cheadle, 2005; Emery, 1999; K. E. Lee & Ju, 2005). (Statistics Korea, 2014).. (Emery, 2004).,. (Y. S. Cho & Lee, 2004; Felner, 2006; Masten & Coastsworth, 1998; Wallerstein, Kelly, & Blakelee, 2000).,, (Emery, 1999; Joo & Cho, 2004; Wallerstein, Kelly, & Blakelee, 2000)..,.. (Hong, 2004; Y. Y. Park & Kim, 2005).., (Falci, 2006; Risch, Jodl, & Eccles, 2004).,., (Depner & Bray, 1993). (Amato, 2000; Choi, 2013; Chung, 1993; Depner & Bray, 1993; S. Y. Lee, 2002; Son, 2013)., (Son, 2013)... (Kurdek & Berg, 1987). (Haggerty, Sherrod, Garmezy, & Rutter, 1996; E. S. Kang & Yi, 2013).,, (Joo & Cho, 2004; Ju, 2003; Kurdek, 2002).
159 Adolescent's Relationship with Non-Custodial Parents (Choi, 2013; Hetherington, 2003; Y. Y. Park & Kim, 2005).., (Demaray, Malecki, Davidson, Hodgson, & Rebus, 2005), (Jang & Lee, 2011; Lee & Joo, 2005).. (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983)., (Choi, 2013; Ju, 2003; Son, 2013)., (S. Y. Lee, 2002).,,,,.,,,, (K. W. Kim & Moon, 2005). - (Carothers, Borkowski, Lefevre, & Whitman, 2005; J. A. Park & Yoo, 2003), (Bae & Lee, 2006)., (Y. K. Kim & Han, 2006; Son, 2013)., (H. S. Kim, 2005; Yoon, Lee, Kim, & Jeong, 2012). (H. K. Kim & Chang, 2015; Y. K. Kim & Lee, 2011; S. Y. Lee, 2009). (Jun, 2002; Y. K. Kim & Han, 2006; Yoo, 2005). (Haggerty et al., 1996; Hetherington, 2003; Kurdek, 2002), (S. J. Kim, 2008)... (Choi, 2013; Ju, 2003; Jun, 2002; Yoo, 2005).,.,,..,..
Sung Hui Cho 160 1,,,? 2,,? Table 1 Participants' Characteristics Gender Age Categorie N % M 155 48.1 F 167 51.9 13 4 1.2 14-16 169 52.4 17 149 46.4 M (SD) = 16.49 (1.78) 연구대상 Siblings Yes 256 79.5 No 66 20.5 13 19.,,.,,,. 340 18 322. 322 Table 1. 167 (51.9%) 155 (48.1%). 14-16 169 (52.4%), 16.49 (SD = 1.78). 256 (79.5%) 66 (20.5%). 4 125 (38.8%), 3 99 (30.1%), 3.31(SD = 1.10). 191 (59.3%) 131 (40.7%). Economic status Religion 1 (Very low) 17 5.3 2 57 17.7 3 99 30.1 4 (Middle) 125 38.8 5 17 5.3 6 6 1.9 7 (Vert high) 3 0.9 M (SD) 3.31 (1.10) Yes 191 59.3 No 131 40.7 Period of single-parent family formation (years) <2 34 10.6 2 years < 4 59 18.3 4 years < 6 51 15.8 6 years < 8 71 25.2 8 years < 10 36 11.2 >10 61 18.9 M (SD) 6.18 (3.90) Note. N = 322. 6 8 71 (25.2%), 10 61 (18.9%), 2 4 59 (18.3%), 6.18 (SD = 3.90).
161 Adolescent's Relationship with Non-Custodial Parents 연구도구 비양육부모와의 관계 Lange (1998) Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) Lange (2002) Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire-Revised (PACHIQ-R) (PACHIQ-R-CH). 25, (conflict resolution) (acceptance). ( ), ( ). (1) (5) 5,. Lange (2002) PACHIQ-R-CH (Cronbach's α).90, (Cronbach's α).88. 부모이혼지각 Kurdek Berg (1987) Children's Beliefs About Parental Divorce Scale (CBAPDS). 36. (peer ridicule and avoidance), (paternal blame), (maternal blame), (ear of abandonment), (hope of reunification), (self-blame), 6.,,.,,. (1) (2),. Kurdek Berg (1987) CBAPDS (Cronbach's α).80, (Cronbach's α).72. 사회적지지 Malecki (1999) Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS) (teacher support) (peer support).,. 10 (1) (6) 6. Malecki (1999) CASSS (Cronbach's α).80, (Cronbach's α).92. 가족기능 Epstein (1983) Family Assessment Device (FAD) (general functioning). FAD 12.. (1) (4) 4,. Epstein (1983) FAD (Cronbach's α).92, (Cronbach's α).91.
Sung Hui Cho 162 인구사회학적 특성,,,,,. (0), (1),. (0), (1), (1) (7) 7. (0), (1).. 자료분석,, (hierarchical multiple regression analysis).,,,..,,,. SPSS 22.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY). 비양육부모와의 관계 및 주요 변수들의 특성 과 관련성 Table 2. 1.67 (SD =.14),. 2.69 (SD =.57) 4.02 (SD =.76),. 3.17 (SD =.59).. (r =.402, p <.001), (r =.710, p <.001), (r =.367, p <.001) Table 2 Variables Characteristics and Correlation Categories 1 2 3 4 1. Beliefs about parental divorce - 2. Family function.380*** - 3. Social support.263***.325*** - 4. Relationship with noncustodial parent.402***.701***.367*** - M 1.67 2.69 4.02 3.17 SD.14.57.76.59 Note. N = 322. ***p <.001.
163 Adolescent's Relationship with Non-Custodial Parents. 비양육부모와의 관계의 영향 요인과 가족기능 의 독자적인 설명력., (tolerance), (VIF). ( r =.380, p <.001)..736, 1.358,.,,,., Table 3,.. 3 4 Table 3 Multiple Regression Analysis of Relationship with Non-Custodial Parent Variables 1 st Model 2 nd Model 3 rd Model 4 th Model B β t B β t B β t B β t Constant 3.183 9.143***.364.734.051.105 -.261 -.689 Gender -.044 -.038 -.677 -.046 -.039 -.771 -.039 -.033 -.682.031.026.667 Age.017 -.050 -.901 -.010 -.031 -.607 -.010 -.029 -.588.022.068 1.697 Economic status.092.171 3.050**.079.146 2.828**.070.129 2.598**.022.041 1.019 Siblings -.221 -.151-2.696** -.176 -.121-2.327* -.152 -.104-2.089* -.106 -.073 -.1840 Religion.014.012.214.003.002.049.032.027.545 -.106 -.073-1.840 Period of single-parent.002.016.288.002.014.266.000 -.003 -.062 -.008 -.050-1.273 family formation Beliefs about parental 1.654.381 7.484*** 1.357.312 6.154***.556.128 3.041** divorce Social support.206.266 5.218***.099.128 3.085** Family function.636.616 13.786*** F 3.152** 11.177*** 14.004*** 41.109*** R 2.057.200.264.543 F change 3.152** 56.014*** 27.233*** 190.062*** R 2 change.057.143.064.279 Note. N = 322. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Sung Hui Cho 164 (F = 41.109, p <.001), 54.3% (R 2 =.543). 4 3,, 27.9% (F change = 190.062, p <.001, R 2 change =.279). 4,,, 3. (t = 3.041, p <.01), (t = 3.085, p <.01), 4 (t = 13.786, p <.001).,,. (β =.616), (β =.128), (β=.128)..,,,.,,.,,.,,.,,., (S. Y. Lee, 2002; Saphir & Chaffee, 2002; Son, 2013)., (Falci, 2006; H. Y. Kang & Lazarevic, 2013; Risch, Jodl, & Eccles. 2004).., (Joo & Cho, 2004; Kurdek, 2002) (Jang & Lee, 2011; K. E. Lee & Ju, 2005).....,,,,
165 Adolescent's Relationship with Non-Custodial Parents..,,,.. 3.. (Jeong, 2011).,..,, (Y. L. Kim, 2014)..,,. 3.,, (Jun, 2012; Y. K. Kim & Lee, 2011).. (Folberg, Milne, & Salem, 2004),.., (Wallerstein, 2000).. (Emery, 2004).., (Fagerstrom, 1997)..
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