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1 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.2, February (2016), pp 초등학생의기본심폐소생술교육효과 장희정홍선연 요약 이연구의목적은개정된기본심폐소생술가이드라인에근거하여교육을받은초등학생과교육을받지않은초등학생의기본심폐소생술에대한지식태도자기효능감을비교하여기본심폐소생술교육의중요성을인지시키고초등학생대상의심폐소생술프로그램개발의기초자료를제공하기위함이다본연구는초등학교정규보건교과시간에심폐소생술교육을받은군과교육을받지않은군의심폐소생술에대한지식태도및자기효능감을비교분석하기위한서술적조사연구이다연구결과는교육을받은군이교육을받지않은군보다기본심폐소생술에대한지식태도자기효능감등모든영역에서유의하게높게나타났다따라서초등학생에기본심폐소생술교육은지식과태도자기효능감을향상시키는데효과가있음을확인하였다따라서초등학생에대한심폐소생술교육이체계적으로이루어지도록학교교육과정에반영하는것을제안한다핵심어기본심폐소생술지식태도자기효능감초등학생 This study aimed to recognize the importance of the training in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by comparing the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy in CPR of trained and untrained elementary school students based on the revised Basic CPR Guidelines 2010, and providing the basic resources needed to develop the CPR training program for elementary school students. This research is a descriptive study to compare and analyze knowledge, attitude and self-sufficiency in the area of CPR between the group of students trained in CPR in a regular health education class and the group of students who were not trained. The result showed that all elements including knowledge (t=8.15, p<.001), attitude (t=-4.218, p<.001) and self-sufficiency (t=7.46, p<.001) were higher in the trained group than in the untrained group. Therefore, it was found that training in basic CPR for elementary school students was an effective way to improve CPR knowledge, attitude and self-sufficiency. therefore, we suggest that CPR education for elementary school students to reflect on the school curriculum in order to be done systematically. Received (January 5, 2016), Review Result(January 19, 2016) Accepted(January 26, 2016), Published(February 29, 2016) ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 403

2 Keyword: Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Knowledge, Attitude, Self Efficacy, Elemetary school students 연구의필요성 서론 현대의학의발전과응급의료체계의발달에도불구하고인구의고령화와심장질환의유병률증가에따라심정지로사망하는경우가점차증가하고있다심정지란원인에관계없이호흡과심장박동이정지되는일련의상태를말한다심정지가발생한후대뇌가비가역적인손상을받지않고견딜수있는시간은분분정도이며약분까지가신체조직의손상없이회복될수있는시기로이때의심폐소생술실시는조직의산소공급을유지하는것이가장중요한치료방법이다심정지환자는발생예측이불가능하고일상생활환경에서갑작스럽게발생하는경우가대부분으로신속한심폐소생술시행을위해서는심정지를목격한최초발견자의역할이매우중요하다또한심폐소생술교육을받은목격자는그렇지않은목격자보다심폐소생술을시도하려는의지가더강해심정지가일어난현장에서목격자에의해즉시시도되는심폐소생술은심정지환자의생존에결정적인요인이된다그러나일반인들에의한심폐소생술이시행되지않고있는이유가지식과기술의부족심폐소생술시행에대한두려움과감염의공포로나타났다따라서심폐소생술의교육의확대와대중화는매우시급한상황이다우리나라에서심폐소생술교육은성인교육과더불어교육효과가좋다고보고되는학교기반교육으로운영되고있다성인들에대한심폐소생술교육은자발적참여를유도하는데어려움이많은데비해체계적인교육과가정으로의전달교육이가능한학교심폐소생술교육은매우효과적이다또한현재보급되고있는일반인심폐소생술교육프로그램은초등학생부터교육이가능하고성인보다동기유발교육의연속성등성인이되어시작하는것에비해효과적이라고볼수있다선행연구에서등은세가심폐소생술교육을시작하는데가장적합한나이라고하였으며초등학생과고등학생을대상으로기본심폐소생술교육효과를비교한연구권용선에서교육에대한이해도나관심도지식술기수행평가에서고등학생보다초등학생에서유의하게높은점수를나타냈다심폐소생술에대한초등학생의교육효과가높은점을감안할때적극적이고체계적인교육이요구되며또한학생들의동기유발이매우중요하다실제초등학생이심정지환자에게심폐소생술을시행하기위해서는심폐소생술에대한기본지식과태도할수있다는자기효능감이매우중요하다고볼수있다따라서본연구자는기본심폐소생술교육을받은초등학생과받지않은초등학생의지식태도자기효능감을비교함으로서교육의필요성을제시하고기본심폐소생술교육의중요성과교육확대의기초자료를제공하고자한다 404 Copyright 2016 HSST

3 연구의목적 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.2, February (2016) 본연구의목적은개정된기본심폐소생술가이드라인에근거한교육을받은초등학생과교육을받지않은초등학생의기본심폐소생술에대한지식태도자기효능감을비교하여기본심폐소생술교육의중요성을인지시키고초등학생대상의심폐소생술프로그램개발의기초자료를제공하기위함이다 용어정의 기본심폐소생술에대한지식지식이란사물이나상황에대한정보교육이나경험또는연구를통해얻은체계화된총체인식에의해얻어진성과객관적으로확증된판단의체계를말하며본연구에서는의도구와개정된가이드라인을기초로초등학생에맞게본연구자가간호학교수인인초등학교보건교사인과수정보완한도구로측정한점수를말한다 기본심폐소생술에대한태도태도란인간의행동을일정한방향으로향하게하는조직화되고지속되는일련의신념과감정으로어떤일이나상황에직면했을때가지는입장이나자세를말하며본연구에서는의도구를초등학생에맞게본연구자가간호학교수인인초등학교보건교사인과수정보완한도구로측정한점수를말한다 기본심폐소생술에대한자기효능감 자기효능감은어떤상황이나적절한행동을할수있다는기대와신념을말하며 본연구에서 는구체적자기효능감으로서심폐소생술을수행할수있는개인의능력에대한판단으로 등 과 의도구를 이수정보완한설문지를사용하여측정한 점수를말한다 연구설계 연구방법 본연구는초등학교정규보건교과시간에심폐소생술교육을받은군과교육을받지않은군의심폐소생술에대한지식태도및자기효능감을비교분석하기위한서술적조사연구이다 연구대상및자료수집 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 405

4 본연구의대상자는시에소재하는초등학교중에서 개성된가이드라인을기초로기본심 폐소생술을수행한학교를선정하고기본심폐소생술교육을받지않은군은학교규모와지역및 환경이유사하나교류가없는초등학교를선정하였다자료수집은 년 월 일부터 일까지 연구자기직접방문하여조사하였다연구목적설문내용을각학교장및담임교사에게구두로설 명한후연구진행에대한허락과협조를구하였다연구대상자는초등학교학년학생으로설문문 지의내용을이해할수있고의사소통이가능하며본연구의목적을이해하며참여를수락한자 를대상으로하였다자료수집방법은연구자가직접대상자에게연구목적을설명하고동의를얻 고자기기입식설문지작성을하도록한후직접수거하였다표본수는 프로그램을 이용해유의수준 α 검정력 β 효과크기 일때각그룹당 명씩총 명이었으나 탈락률을고려하여기본심폐소생술교육을받은군과받지않은군각 부를작성하여 부를 분석하였다 연구도구 기본심폐소생술에대한지식기본심폐소생술에대한지식을측정하기위해 의도구와 개정된가이드라인을 기초로초등학생에맞게본연구자가간호학교수인 인초등학교보건교사인 과수정보완하였으며예비조사를통해초등학생이어려워하는어휘는수정하였다총 문항으 로구성되어있으며각문항은맞으면점틀리면점으로처리하여최저점에서최고 점으로 점수가높을수록심폐소생술에대한지식정도가높음을의미한다 기본심폐소생술에대한태도기본심폐소생술에대한태도를측정하기위해의도구를초등학생에맞게본연구자가간호학교수인인초등학교보건교사인과수정보완하였으며예비조사를통해초등학생이이해하기어려워하는도구는수정하여사용하였다총문항으로점척도를사용하여매우그렇다점매우그렇지않다점으로하고점수가높을수록기본심폐소생술에대한태도가긍정적인것을의미한다도구개발당시신뢰도는제시되지않았으나본연구에서신뢰도 α 이었다 기본심폐소생술에대한자기효능감구체적자기효능감으로서심폐소생술을수행할수있는개인의능력에대한판단으로기본심폐소생술에대한자기효능감측정을위해등과의도구를이수정보완한도구를사용하였다총문항으로전혀확신이없다점매우확신한다를점으로한점척도로서부정문항은역환산처리하였으며점수가높을수록심폐소생술에대한자기효능 406 Copyright 2016 HSST

5 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.2, February (2016) 감이높음을의미한다의연구에서신뢰도 α 이었고본연구에서신뢰도 α 이었다 자료분석자료수집된자료는을이용하여분석하였다측정도구의내적일관성은 α 계수를측정하였다기본심폐소생술교육을받은군과받지않은군의일반적특성동질성검증은로검증하였고두군의기본심폐소생술에대한지식태도효능감의차이검증은로검증하였다 대상자의일반적특성과동질성검정 연구결과 대상자의성별은남학생이여학생이였고종교는없다가있다가로나타났다부의학력은고졸이하가대졸이상이였으며모의학력은고졸이하가대졸이상이로나타났다기본심폐소생술교육을받은군과받지않은군의일반적특성에대한동질성검정을실시한결과성별종교부모의학력에서통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 표 일반적특성과동질성검정 χ 대상자의기본심폐소생술지식비교 기본심폐소생술에대한지식은점만점에교육을받은군은점교육을받지않은군은 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 407

6 점으로교육을받은군이유의하게높게나타났다기본심폐소생술에대한지식은점만점에교육을받은군은점교육을받지않은군은점으로교육을받은군이유의하게높게나타났다하부문항별로살펴보면번생명이위급한사항을묻는문제번구조요청을해야전화번호문제번호흡확인방법문제번구조호흡을하였을때가슴이올라오지않았을때문제번순환의징후를확인하는방법번심폐소생술동안호흡확인문제번언제심폐소생술을그만두어야하는지문항에서두집단에서통계적으로차이가없었고문항에서교육을받은군이지식이높은것으로나타났다번문항인언제심폐소생술을그만두어야하는문제는교육을받은군과받지않는군모두에서정답을맞춘학생이한명도없는것으로나타났다 표 기본심폐소생술교육을받은학생과받지않은학생의지식비교 대상자의기본심폐소생술태도비교 기본심폐소생술에대한태도는점만점에교육을받은군은점으로기본심폐소생술교육을받은군이유의하게높게나타났다 점교육을받지않은군은 408 Copyright 2016 HSST

7 표 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.2, February (2016) 기본심폐소생술교육을받은학생과받지않은학생의태도비교 대상자의기본심폐소생술자기효능감비교 기본심폐소생술에대한자기효능감은점만점에교육을받은군은점교육을받지않은군은점으로기본심폐소생술교육을받은군이유의하게높게나타났다 표 기본심폐소생술교육을받은학생과받지않은학생의자기효능감비교 고찰 심정지는발생을예측할수없고대부분병원환경이아닌일상생활환경에서발생한다병원외환경에서최초발견자가심정지를확인한후도움을요청하고심폐소생술을시작하는능력에따라소생율이증가할수있다심정지환자를발견하고도심폐소생술교육경험이없고교육을받지않았기때문에생기는두려움때문에초기대응의부재로사망하는경우가빈번히발생한다따라서일반인들에대한심폐소생술교육을확대실시하고또한심정지가누구에게나발생할수있는점을감안할때교육의대상또한확대되어야한다효과적인심폐소생술교육방법으로학교에서의체계적교육이중요하며심폐소생술과정에대한이해의측면에서성인에비해초등학생이우수하다는연구결과도보고되고있다따라서초등학생을대상으로심폐소생술교육을시행후그효과를파악하고자본연구를시도하였다심폐소생술에대한지식은기본심폐소생술교육을받은학생이받지않은학생에대해유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다이것은초등학생을대상으로한와연구에서년이내교육유무에따라심폐소생술의지식차이가있다고보고한연구와일치하며의연구에서초등학교고학년학생의기본심폐소생술에대한지식이향상된결과와도일치한다또한등은세아동을대상으로심폐소생술을교육후대부분이론적지식점수가증가 ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 409

8 하였다이것은초등학생들에게심폐소생술에대한이해도나관심도가높도학습태도가좋은결과로볼수있으며또한초등학교들이심폐소생술개념을어느정도이해할수있고초등학생이실기교육을통해학습자의지식과기술을향상시키는데효과적이라고본다면초등학교부터교육이시작되어야한다고본다심폐소생술에대한태도는교육을받은학생이받지않은학생에유의한차이가있었다이것은교육과태도의관계에대해긍정적으로나타난선행연구와초등학생의심폐소생술태도에미치는효과연구에서긍정적결과를가져온선행연구와일치한다심폐소생술이응급상황에서인간의생명을구하고자하는교육의목표가학생들의호기심과관심도를향상시키고따라서심폐소생술에대한태도를향상시킨것으로볼수있다심폐소생술에대한자기효능감은교육을받은학생이받지않은학생에유의한차이가있었다초등학생의심폐소생술의자기효능감영향요인에대한선생연구가없어서직접비교는어렵지만심폐소생술이자신감에영향을미치는요인으로나타난연구결과와태도와인식을수행자신감의영향요인으로나타난연구와심폐소생술의지식이높을수록심폐소생술의태도가긍정적일수록자기효능감이높게나타난선행연구와맥락을같이하고있다초등학생들에대한심폐소생술교육의확대실시로자기효능감증진을위한연구가계속되고나아가심폐소생술의목적을이해하고긍정적가치관을확립하는것이중요할것으로사료된다초등학생을대상으로기본심폐소생술을시행한후지식태도자기효능감에서효과가있음을알수있었다심폐소생술교육이심정지상황에서도움을주어야겠다는태도변화와자신감을갖는것을목적으로하고있음에따라초등학교부터체계적인교육이이루어짐으로서심정지상황에적극적으로대처할수있고심폐소생술을활성화할수있을것으로생각된다 결론및제언 본연구는기본심폐소생술교육을받은초등학생과받지않은초등학생에대해지식태도자기효능감을비교한서술적조사연구이다연구대상자는초등학교학년을대상으로교육군이명비교육군이명이었다본연구결과기본심폐소생술교육을받은초등학생이지식태도자기효능감이유의하게높게나타나초등학생의기본심폐소생술교육의중요성과필요성을확인하였고기본심폐소생술교육의기초자료를제공하는데의의가있다이상의결과로다음과같이제언하고자한다초등학생심폐소생술교육효과의지속기간에대한연구가필요하며이를토대로재교육시점을결정할수있을것으로본다또한초등학생에대한심폐소생술교육의중요성과효과가검증된바학교교육과정에서체계적으로이루어져야할것으로사료된다 410 Copyright 2016 HSST

9 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.2, February (2016) References [1] Choi, H. J. A study of the knowledge and attitude of first responder about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Unpublished Master s thesis, Hanyang Unicersity, Seoul. (2006) [2] Hwang, S.H., Im, K.S. Caediopulmonary Resuscitation and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. 1-11, 27.(2006) [3] Tanigawa K, Iwamia T, Nishiyama C, Nonogic H, Kawamura T. Aretrained individuals more likely to perform bystander CPR? An observational study. Resuscitation. (2011), 82, [4] Axelsson, A. Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Would They Do It Again?, The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. (2001), 16(1): [5] Chamberlain DA, Hazinski MF. Education in resuscitation. Resucitation(2003), 59:11-43 [6] Park, C. W., Cho, J.H., Ok, T.G., Kim, Y.S., Choi, K. H., Seo, J. Y. The effect and appropriateness of CPR training in elementary school children. Journal of the korean Society of Energency Medicine. (2006), 17(1), 1-7 [7] Lester C., Donnelly P., Weston C., Morgan M. Teaching schoolchildrencardiopulmonary resuscitation Journal of Resuscitation (1996). 31(1): [8] Kwon, Y. S.. The comparison of effectiveness in basic life support education between elementary school students and high school students. Unpublished master s thesis, Ulsan University, Ulsan (2005) [9] Research Institute of Korean Studies, Korea university dictionary. Research Institute of Korean Studies Press, Seoul (2009) [10] Schlessel, J. S., Rappa, H. A., Lesser, M., Rogge, D., Ennis, R., & Mandel, L. CPR knowledge, self-efficacy, and anticipated anxiety as functions of infant/child CPR training. Am Emerg Med. (1995), 19(11), [11] Kang, K. H. The development and evaluation of a self-efficacy-based life support program for high-risk patients family caregivers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul.(2004) [12] Lee, C. H., & Park, S. S. Influence of knowledge and attitude toward car\-diopulmonary resuscitation in elementary school students of some regions upon self-confidence. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society.(2010), 11(5), [13] Song, M.g., & Kim, S.J. Development and effect analysis of web-based instruction program on safety for sixth grade elementary school student. Journal of korean Academy Child Health Nursing. (2006), 12(2), [14] Kim, E.M., Lee, E.K. The effects of BLS Training on CPR Attitudes of Primary School Students. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. (2009), Vol.20, No.2, [15] Lee, C. H., & Park, S. S. Influence of knowledge and attitude toward car\-diopulmonary resuscitation in elementary school students of some regions upon self-confidence. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. (2010), 11(5), ISSN: AJMAHS Copyright 2016 HSST 411

10 [16] Park, Y. R., Kim, H. S., & Cha, H. K. Awareness, attitude and perceived competency about cardiopulmonary resuscitation in elementary school stu\-dents. Journal of the Korean Society of School Health. (2010), 23(2), [17] Chun, Y.M., Park, S.H., Park, S.Y. Effects on Self Efficacy in Knowledge and Attitude of Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Higher Grade of Elementary School Students. Journal of East-West Nursing Research. (2013), 19(2): Copyright 2016 HSST

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.6, No.2, February (2016), pp. 403-412 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2016.02.44 초등학생의 기본심폐소생술 교육효과 장희정