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.,,,.,.,. (organization health).,..,, (, 2005).,,, (,, ),.,, (, DeFank, & Cooper, 1987; Cartwright, & Cooper, 1993, 1996; Zeidner, & Endler, 1996)., (, 2007).??,?.,. (organizational well-being; organizational health, the psychological well-being of people in organizations) ( ) (,, 2010, Kashdan, 2004).. 2008, (Comprehensive Soldier Fitness; CSF) (, 2011).
(treatment-centric) (emotional), (social), (family), (spiritual) (fitness). ( ),,.,, (, 2012)..,.,,.,. Q, (, 2011).,,. (1997).. (2002).. (2007).. (2004).. (2012).. (2007).. (2009).
. (1995)... (1983).. 283-305. (1988).. (1), 55-78. (2013).. (2000).. (2007).. (2010). (OWB). (4), 325-348. (2010).. (1992).. 92-426. (2010. 8. 14). [, /2 ] <5>. http://news.donga.com/3/all/20100804/ 30299741/1. (2010).. (3), 61-92. (2004).. (2006).. (2011).. (2012).. (1), 105-124. (2010).. (2013).. (2010).. (1989).. (2011). :. (3), 457-491. (1975).. (2008).. (2004).. (1988).
. (1), 123-146. (2002).. (2012).. (2007).. (2), 425-435. (1995). :. 219-255. (2009). 5. (2008).. (2011).. (2008).. (2006).. 39-70. (1990).. 219-235. (2005).. 179-210. (1999).. (1988). ( ), (1), 241-262. (2010).. (1988). : Multivariate Analysis. (1), 289-323. (1990).. 291-309. (2010).. (2008). :. (1), 165-198. (2010).. 155-181. (2008).. (2008).. (2011).,. (4), 1321-1338. (2004)..
(2011).. (2012). ( ). (6), 2777-2802. (2009).. (1985).. (2004).. (2005).. (2002). Q :. 4-26. (2012). :. (1), 59-83. (2010). :. 5-18. (1993).. (2003).. (2007).. Baron, R. A. (1986). Behavior in organizations. Aiiyn & Bacon. Beehr, T. A., & Gupta, N. (1978). A note on the structure of employee withdrawal. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 21, 73-79. Brief, A. P., Schuler, R. S., & Van Sell, M. (1981). Managing Job Stress, Little, Brown & Company. Brown, S. R. (1980). Political Subjectivity. Yale UNIV. Press. Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (1993). The psychological impact of merger and acquisition on the individual: A study of building society managers. Human Relations, 46, 327-347. Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C. L. (1996). Coping in occupational settings. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Isen, A. M., Clark, M., & Schwartz, M. F. (1976). Duration of the effect of good mood on helping: Footprints on the sands of time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 385-393. Ivancevich, J. M., Matteson, M. T. (1980). Stress and work: A Managerial Perspective. Scott. Foresman and Company. Kashdan, T. B. (2004). The assessment of subjective well-being(issues raised by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire), Persenality and Individual Differences, 36, 1225-1232. Larry A. Samovar, & Richard E. Porter. (2007). Communication Between Cultures (5th) Thomson. Levin, P. E., & Isen, A. M. (1975). Further studies on the effect of feeling good on helping. Sociometry, 38, 141-147.
Locke, E. A., Samith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., Hulin, C. L., & Miller, A. M. (1964). Convergent and discriminant validity for areas and rating methods of job satisfaction, Journal of Applied Psychology, 48, 313-319. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and cause of job satisfaction, In Dunnett, M. D. (Ed). Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally. Maslach, C. (1998). A multidimensional theory of burnout. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Theories of organizational stress (pp.68-85). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Mckeown. B., & Thomas. D. (1988). Q methodology. Sage University Paper series on Quantitative Application in the Social Sciences, series no. 07-066. BeverlyHills: SagePubns. Michalos, A. C. (1986). What makes people happy? Paper presented at the Conference on Quality of Life, Oslo, Norway. Organ, D. W., & Bateman, Th. (1986). Organizational behavior: An applied psychological approach (3rd ed.). Texas: Business Publications. Peterson, C., Park, N., & Castro, C. A. (2011). Assessment for the US Army Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program: The Global Assessment Tool. American Psychologist, 66, 10. Quich, J. C., & Quick, J. D. (1984). Organizational stress and preventive management. McGraw-Hill. Rice, R. W., McFarlin, D. B., & Bennett, D. E. (1989). Standards of comparison and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 591-598. Shirom, A. (2002). Job-related burnout: A review. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Terrick (Eds.). Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 245-264). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Stephenson, W. (1953). The Study of Behavior: Q-Technique and its Methodology. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Thompson, G. C. (1966). The evaluation of public opinion. In B. Berelson and M. Janowitz(eds.), Reader in public opinion and communication (2nd ed.) New York: Free Press. Whyte, William H. (1956). The Organization Man. New York: Simon & Schuster. Zeidner, M., & Endler, N. S. (1996). Handbook of coping: Theory, Research, Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1 : 2013. 11. 01 2 : 2013. 11. 22 : 2013. 11. 25
: What makes professional officers hard in military life?: Focusing on officers' perception Il Park Min-sun Kim Young-gun Ko Korea Military Academy Korea University Korea University The present study was conducted to examine psychological mindsets concerning what makes professional officers hard in military life. A semi-structured interview was arranged to 12 active and reserve officers who have serviced for more than 5 years in the army. Sixty eight Q statements were selected through case studies. Then, the 33 active officers who were selected as P sample were asked to answer the question, what is the hardest aspect up to now in your military life. The responses were classified by factor analysis employing the Q-Methodology. According to the results, the types of perception about the hardest aspect of military life are as follows; Promotion oriented type, demonstration effect oriented type, organization oriented type, hierarchical obedience oriented type, environmental instability type, perception of discrimination type, and perception of insufficient reward/support type. Based on these findings, implications of the present study on adjustment to military life and directions for future research were discussed. Key words : professional soldier, officer, adjustment to military life, organizational health, Q-Methodology
Q 45..* 2.50 (2.348) 12..* 2.28 (3.022) 54.,. 1.65 34..* 1.47 (.929) 52.. 1.32 29.. 1.14 42..* 1.13 (.677) 32.. 1.02 67..* -1.00 (-1.284) 63.. -1.11 5.. -1.18 35.. -1.24 17.. -1.41 11.. -1.69 6.. -1.73 40.. -1.75 21..* -1.84 (-1.719) 4..* -1.85 (-1.663) 1..* -2.10 (-1.318) 56..* -2.15 (-2.037) *, ( ) 1 ±0.5 ( 1 - )
Q 22..* 2.01 (.930) 55..* 1.81 (1.839) 37. (, ).* 1.50 (1.039) 30.. 1.47 18.,. 1.23 25.,. 1.20 8.. 1.13 45.. 1.12 23.. 1.06 14.. -1.13 4.. -1.14 11.. -1.29 40.. -1.34 39..* -1.64 (-1.400) 20..* -1.72 (-1.149) 59..* -1.77 (-1.715) 49..* -1.83 (-2.126) 35.. -1.86 3..* -1.90 (-1.071) 6..* -2.86 (-1.104) *, ( ) 2 ±0.5 ( 2 - )
Q 31..* 2.28 (2.428) 58..* 1.92 (1.747) 2..* 1.67 (1.178) 50. 1.55.* (.748) 22.. 1.30 55.. 1.26 65..* 1.10 (.796) 8.. 1.05 32..* 1.05 (.582) 62..* 1.05 (.775) 3.. -1.03 29.. -1.07 12.. -1.21 7. ( ) ( ).* -1.28 (-1.365) 39.. -1.30 13.. -1.30 53..* -1.32 (-1.014) 36..* -1.39 (-1.537) 6.. -1.44 52..* -1.46 (-2.071) 57.. (.)* -1.64 (-1.841) 68..* -1.67 (-1.428) 17.. -1.80 27.. -1.83 16..* -1.85 (-1.130) *, ( ) 3 ±0.5 ( 3 - )
Q 54.,.* 51..* 2.26 (1.876) 2.17 (1.961) 10..* 1.99 (1.744) 8.. 1.55 64..* 1.45 (1.195) 22.. 1.42 30.. 1.40 59..* 67..* 49..* 46..* 1.33 (1.899) 1.21 (1.293) 1.06 (1.244) 1.04 (1.156) 12.. 1.01 56.. -1.01 48..* -1.12 (-1.025) 16.. -1.16 1.. -1.20 31..* -1.29 (-1.740) 20.. -1.33 17.. -1.40 4.. -1.42 3.. -1.43 35.. -1.58 11..* -1.93 (-1.399) 5..* -1.96 (-1.214) 6.. -2.17 *, ( ) 4 ±0.5 ( 4 - )
Q 29..* 1.96 (2.077) 38. /.* 1.87 (2.160) 30.. 1.56 47..* 1.37 (1.728) 52..* 1.36 (1.224) 25.,.* 1.36 (1.207) 66..* 1.33 (1.449) 22.. 1.30 50.. 1.26 60..* 1.26 (.835) 15.. 1.25 34.. 1.08 36.. -1.00 40.. -1.06 26..* -1.06 (-.662) 20.. -1.07 5.. -1.08 6.. -1.46 1.. -1.46 13..* -1.58 (-1.286) 12.. -1.67 3.. -1.78 17.. -1.79 35..* -1.99 (-1.222) 27..* -2.12 (-1.494) *, ( ) 5 ±0.5 ( 5 - )
Q 8..* 15..* 2.21 (1.188) 1.87 (1.460) 29.. 1.78 45.. 1.70 13..* 17..* 1.54 (2.358) 1.54 (2.928) 38. /. 1.35 22.. 1.26 2.. 1.12 57.. (.)* 1.10 (1.362) 54.,. 1.09 62.. 1.02 51.. 1.01 63..* -1.18 (-1.101) 16.. -1.20 30..* -1.28 (-2.288) 46..* -1.43 (-1.730) 44..* 14..* 10..* -1.51 (-2.113) -1.53 (-1.740) -1.62 (-2.466) 40. -1.95.* (-1.081) 12..* -2.30 (-2.326) 6.. -2.38 *, ( ) 6 ±0.5 ( 6 - )
Q 14..* 2.05 (2.432) 19..* 2.05 (1.901) 18.,.* 1.71 (1.388) 30..* 1.71 (1.191) 58.. 1.71 9..* 1.36 (1.281) 23..* 1.36 (1.287) 34.. 1.36 50.. 1.36 7. ( ) ( ).* 1.02 (1.321) 4..* 1.02 (1.685) 33..* 1.02 (1.281) 8.. 1.02 44..* 1.02 (.846) 51. -1.02.* (-1.760) 13.. -1.02 3.. -1.02 47..* -1.02 (-1.070) 15..* -1.02 (-1.921) 6.. -1.36 57..(.) -1.36 66..* -1.36 (-1.696) 54.,.* -1.36 (-2.348) 59.. -1.71 38. /.* -1.71 (-2.013) 29..* -1.71 (-2.196) 17..* -2.05 (-1.261) 27.. -2.05 *, ( ) 7 ±0.5 ( 7 - )