J East Asian Soc Diet Life 27(3): 268 279 (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2017.6.27.3.268 268 Effects of Dietary Life Application according to Preferred Dietary Life Education Type on Quality of Life - Focus on Participants of Dietary Life Education Programs in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province - Suk-Hyun Park and Hee Sun Jeong Major in Traditional Dietary Life Food, Graduate School of Traditional Culture and Arts, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dietary life according to preferred dietary life education type on quality of life of participants in dietary life education programs and to provide basic data necessary to enhance dietary life education. The results of the analyses conducted to classify the types of preferred dietary life education and types of dietary life and to verify the validity and reliability of the factors are as follows. In terms of the types of preferred dietary life education, health-oriented type, knowledge-oriented type, and experience-oriented type were derived. In terms of types of dietary life, proactive and emotional were derived. Knowledge-oriented type and experience-oriented type were found to affect proactive and emotional in terms of real-life, and proactive and emotional were found to affect quality of life. Therefore, in order to enhance the dietary life education for adults in general, it is necessary to improve accessibility by initiating and promoting various programs along with continuous support from central and local governments. Moreover, in order to increase the real-life and utilization of such programs, the importance of practical and theoretical education must be recognized, and efforts should be made in training specialized instructors. Key words : Dietary life, preferred dietary life education type, quality of life Corresponding author : Hee Sun Jeong, Tel: +82-2-710-9853, Fax: +82-2-2077-7140, E-mail: sunnyj@sm.ac.kr.,, (Lee HW 2016).,,, (Choi JE & Kim YG 2012),...,,,,, (Lee IO & Na JK 2014).,,,
27(3): 000 000 (2017) 269 (Kim HJ 2015).., (Kang MH 2012)., (Shin KO 2010).,,,,, (Park YM & Ahn YK 2012)., (Shin KO 2010). Kim YH(2012),, Kim KY & Ko MA(2012), Her ES(2013),, Kim ES (2015) 1., 100 2016 4 11 4 29 350 336 ( 96%) 2., (Lee HJ 2011, Kim SH 2013, Lee SM 2013, Lee HW 2016, Shim BS 2006, Lee YK 2007, Sim KH 2011, Hong SK 2011), 1,,,,,,, 3. SPSS 21.0 AMOS 21.0,, (Exploratory Factor Analysis; EFA) (Confirmatory Factor Analysis; CFA),,, 4.,,,, H1. (+) H2. (+) H3. (+) H4. (+) H5. (+)
270 H6. (+) H7. (+) H8. (+) Fig. 1 1. Table 1. 40 132 (39.3%), 30 129 (38.4%) 30 40 292 (86.9%), 44 (13.1%). 225 (67.0%) 56 (16.7%), 34 (10.1%), 21 (6.3%) 400 600 124 (36.9%), 200 400 116 (34.5%), 600 84 (25.0%), 200 12 (3.6%) 305 (90.8%), 23 (6.8%) 165 (49.1%), 105 (31.3 %), 38 (11.3%), 28 (8.3%) 2. (Exploratory Analysis; EFA) (Principal Component Analysis; PCA) (Varimax) Bartlett 1) Table 2., (Varimax) 0.5, 1.0, Cronbach s α 0.7 14 0.5, KMO 0.904, Bartlett χ 2 1,783.95(p<.001) 3, 62.38%, Cronbach s α 0.772 0.817 0.7 Sim BS(2006),,,,,, Fig. 1. Research model.
27(3): 000 000 (2017) 271 Table 1. General characteristics of respondents Age Occupation Education level Monthly income (10,000 won) Type of family Number of children Characteristics Frequency (N) Percentage (%) 20s 8 2.4 30s 129 38.4 40s 132 39.3 More than 50s 67 19.9 Housewife 292 86.9 Office worker 44 13.1 High school graduate or lower 21 6.3 College 56 16.7 University 225 67.0 Graduate school or more 34 10.1 200 less 12 3.6 200 400 less 116 34.5 400 600 less 124 36.9 600 and over 84 25.0 Extended family 305 90.8 Nuclear family 23 6.8 One-person households 7 2.1 Friends and family home 1 0.3 None 38 11.3 Only one 105 31.3 Two 165 49.1 Three 24 7.1 Four 2 0.6 More than five 2 0.6 Total 336 100.0, HMR(Home Meal Replacement),,, Lee YK(2007),,, 4,,,,. Sim KH(2011),,,, 5,,,, Hong SK(2011),,,,,, Lee (2016),,,, 5, 1,,,,, 1, 3,, 2), Table 3., 0.5, 0.5, 63.65%, 2 KMO 0.882, Bartlett, 0.000, 1 4.14, 51.78%,. Cronbach's α 0.804, 2 1.15, 11.87%, Cronbach's α 0.800,. 3), Table 4., 74.4%, 1 3.72, KMO 0.855, 0.914, 3.
272 Table 2. Education-oriented type factors and credibility analysis Measurement items Factor loadings Variance Eigen value Cronbach α Q3. I m interested in education about safety of food and foods hygiene..781 Factor 1: Knowledge oriented Factor 2: Health oriented Factor 3: Experience oriented Q2. I want to know a lot of in-season ingredients..757 Q4. I want to know a lot of various food..677 Q1. I want to learn about nutritional content of foods after the curriculum..671 Q5. I want to learn about storage and utilization of ingredients..636 Q13. I try to provide well-balanced regular meals..803 Q12. I'm interested in conversion of food into low-sodium..766 Q14. I want to form healthy eating habits to my children..702 Q10. I want to doing groceries purchase properly..651 Q8. I want to make food with my family..842 Q9. I want to learn some food available on experiential activity..772 Q7. I want to improve my cooking skills..661 Q6. I want to introduce dietary life education to my family..520 43.48 5.65 0.817 10.62 1.38 0.815 8.28 1.07 0.772 (Total cumulative) Total variance explanation power (%)=62.38, KMO=.904, Bartlett χ 2 =1,783.95, df=78, p=.000 Table 3. Real-life of factors and credibility analysis Measurement items Factor loadings Variance Eigen value Cronbach α Q8. I try to utilize a lot of interesting stories for correction of eating only what one wants..811 Factor 1: Emotional Q7. I try to express beauty of dinning table through table setting. Q10. I think I grow the mind to consider others through the education..767.728 51.78 4.14 0.804 Q6. After the education, communication with family is flowed smooth through family meal time..654 Factor 2: Proactive Q2. After the education, I use groceries more various..852 Q3. After the education, taste of food is more nice..763 Q1. I m introducing the contents of education to family positively..726 Q9. I try to apply some contents of education to dietary life..581 11.87 1.15 0.800 Total cumulative explanation power (%)=63.65, KMO=.882, Bartlett χ 2 =1,036.08, df=28, p=.000,,, (Yu JP 2012), χ 2 (CMIN), df, GFI(Goodness of Fit Index), RMSEA(Root Mean Squrared Error of Approximation), RMR(Root Mean-squared Residual), CFI(Comparative Fit Index), TLI(Tucker-Lewis
27(3): 000 000 (2017) 273 Table 4. Quality of life factors and credibility analysis Measurement items Factor loadings Variance Eigen value Cronbach α Q2. I feel quality of my life is improved by fulfilling correct dietary life..886 Factor 1: Quality of life Q3. I feel I'm in healthy life to improvement of dietary life..872 Q4. My dinner table is flourishing through dietary life education..869 Q5. Satisfaction of family's dietary life rises..843 Q1. I feel energy in my life by improvement of dietary life..842 74.4 3.72 0.914 Total cumulative explanation power (%)=74.4, KMO=.855, Bartlett χ 2 =1,176.35, df=10, p=.000 Index), 0.5, t 1.965 Table 5, χ 2 =656.66(p<.001, df=284), GFI=0.917, CFI= 0.915, TLI=0.903, RMSEA=0.063, RMR=0.023, Hair (2006) (Construct Validity) (Convergent Validity) (Discriminant Validity) (CR) (AVE), 0.7, 0.5. Table 6, CR, AVE CR 0.7, AVE 0.5,. 3 (,, χ 2 ) AVE Table 7. AVE> 2 (0.806), AVE 0.645 2=0.650, AVE> 2. ±2 S.E. 0.854, 0.758 1 χ 2 χ 2 (χ 2 =3.84 ) (Woo JP 2012). 4. 1),,, (Modification Index; MI), (Fig. 2). MI 4,, Table 8 GFI=0.907, CFI=0.922, TLI=0.911, RMSEA Table 5. The goodness-of-fit index from confirmatory factor analysis Mode χ 2 (p) df GFI CFI TLI RMSEA RMR Evaluation standard - - 0.9 0.9 0.9 <0.08 <0.05 Analysis result 656.66 (.000) 284 0.917 0.915 0.903 0.063 0.023
274 Table 6. Path coefficient and validity analysis Construct Knowledge oriented Experience oriented Health oriented Proactive Emotional Quality of life Measurement index Non-standardized coefficient C. R Validity analysis Standardized coefficient Education oriented type 5 1.000-0.758 0.15 Education oriented type 4 0.951 12.469 0.709 0.18 Education oriented type 3 1.112 13.620 0.773 0.17 Education oriented type 2 0.950 10.736 0.614 0.30 Education oriented type 1 0.939 10.553 0.604 0.31 Education oriented type 9 1.000-0.708 0.28 Education oriented type 8 1.028 10.802 0.687 0.33 Education oriented type 7 0.656 9.221 0.575 0.25 Education oriented type 6 0.942 11.297 0.727 0.22 Education oriented type 14 1.000-0.723 0.15 Education oriented type 13 1.150 11.922 0.717 0.21 Education oriented type 12 1.170 11.486 0.689 0.25 Education oriented type 10 1.125 12.749 0.774 0.14 Application to real life 9 1.000-0.718 0.18 Application to real life 3 1.308 12.531 0.761 0.23 Application to real life 2 1.188 12.002 0.725 0.24 Application to real life 1 1.074 10.562 0.633 0.32 Application to real life 10 1.000-0.744 0.14 Application to real life 8 0.920 11.361 0.660 0.26 Application to real life 7 1.001 11.846 0.688 0.35 Application to real life 6 0.926 12.796 0.744 0.36 Quality of life 5 1.000-0.795 0.16 Quality of life 4 1.029 16.835 0.824 0.14 Quality of life 3 1.023 17.268 0.840 0.12 Quality of life 2 1.092 17.690 0.856 0.12 Quality of life 1 1.006 16.467 0.810 0.14 S.E. Concept of confidence AVE 0.915 0.685 0.871 0.629 0.918 0.738 0.892 0.676 0.879 0.645 0.962 0.675 Table 7. Correlation coefficient by factors and validity analysis Knowledge oriented type Experience oriented ttype Health oriented type Proactive Emotional Knowledge oriented type (ρ 2 ) 1 0.452 0.558 0.306 0.324 0.235 Experience oriented type (ρ 2 ) 0.672 1 0.517 0.268 0.285 0.207 Health oriented type (ρ 2 ) 0.747 0.719 1 0.210 0.198 0.132 Quality of life Proactive (ρ 2 ) 0.553 0.518 0.458 1 0.650 0.521
27(3): 000 000 (2017) 275 Table 7. Continued Knowledge oriented type Experience oriented Ttype Health oriented type Proactive Emotional Quality of life Emotional (ρ 2 ) 0.569 0.534 0.445 0.806 1 0.572 Quality of life (ρ 2 ) 0.485 0.455 0.363 0.722 0.756 1 Concept of confidence 0.915 0.871 0.918 0.892 0.879 0.962 AVE 0.685 0.629 0.738 0.676 0.645 0.675 Fig. 2. Correction model. Table 8. The goodness-of-fit index from correction model Mode χ 2 (p) df GFI CFI TLI RMSEA RMR Evaluation standard 0.9 0.9 0.9 <0.08 <0.05 Existing model 729.974 (.000) 288 0.850 0.899 0.886 0.068 0.24 Alternative model 628.008 (.000) 286 0.907 0.922 0.911 0.060 0.24 =0.06, RMR=0.24, 2) Table 9., H1. (+) 1.503(C.R.=4.047, p<
276 Table 9. Hypothesis test result (correction model) Route Standardized coefficient t-value p-value Verification result Knowledge oriented type Proactive 1.503 4.047 Experience oriented type Proactive 1.870 3.998 Health oriented type Proactive 2.548 3.749 Knowledge oriented type Emotional 1.667 3.819 Experience oriented type Emotional 2.066 3.707 Health oriented type Emotional 2.875 3.480 Adopted Adopted Dismissed Adopted Adopted Dismissed Proactive Quality of life 0.330 3.222 0.001 Adopted Emotional Quality of life 0.486 4.614 p<0.001. Adopted 0.001) H2. (+) 1.87(C.R.=3.998, p< 0.001) H3. (+) 2.548(C.R.= 3.749, p<0.001) H4. (+) 1.667(C.R.=3.819, p< 0.001) H5. (+) 2.066(C.R.=3.707, p< 0.001) H6. (+) 2.875(C.R.= 3.48, p<0.001) H7. (+) 0.33(C.R.=3.222, p<0.01) H8. (+) 0.486(C.R.=0.486, p<0.001) 3) Fig. 3,, (+), (+) Kim YH(2010) (27.0%), (25.5%), (16.2%), / (7.6%), (6.0%), (3.5%) Kang MH(2012) 77.9%, 1 2,,, Lee HW (2016),,,
27(3): 000 000 (2017) 277 Fig. 3. Model route summarization. Kim YH(2012),,,, 5.,, CR, (Bootstrapping) (Heo J 2013) 500, 95% Table 10., 2.066, 1.87 (p<.05),, (p<.05),, Song BG(2010) Table 10. Direct effect, indirect effect, total effect of route Direct effect p Indirect effect p Total effect p Emotional 2.875 0.003 0.000 0.000 2.875 0.003 Health oriented type Experience oriented type Knowledge oriented type Proactive 2.548 0.002 0.000 0.000 2.548 0.002 Quality of life 0.000 0.000 2.237 0.003 2.237 0.003 Emotional 2.066 0.023 0.000 0.000 2.066 0.023 Proactive 1.870 0.021 0.000 0.000 1.870 0.021 Quality of life 0.000 0.000 1.621 0.022 1.621 0.022 Emotional 1.667 0.174 0.000 0.000 1.667 0.174 Proactive 1.503 0.179 0.000 0.000 1.503 0.179 Quality of life 0.000 0.000 1.305 0.173 1.305 0.173 Emotional Quality of life 0.486 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.486 0.005 Proactive Quality of life 0.330 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.330 0.012
278 (34.50%), (30.50%), (23.50%), (11.50%),, Han JS (2015), - (+), Lee KA(2015),,,,,,,,, 100, (Exploratory Analysis; EFA),,,,,,,,, 8 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,, 1, REFERENCES Choi JE, Kim YG (2012) The relationship between university students nutrition knowledge, dietary self-efficacy, dietary habits and menu choice behavior. J Foodserv Manag 15(6): 249-275. Han JS, Kim SS, Go NA (2015) Influences of dietary education activity on education satisfaction and self-respect. Korea J Culin Res 21(4): 236-250. Heo J (2013) Heo Jun s Easily Follow to Structural Equation Modeling Amos. pp 104-111. in : Hannarae Publishing Co. Seoul, Korea. Her ES (2013) Eating behavior, nutrition knowledge, and educational needs of the food and nutrition of elementary school
27(3): 000 000 (2017) 279 students in the Gyeungnam province. Korean J of Community Nutr 18(1): 11-24. Hong SK (2011) A study on processed food purchasing behavior and satisfaction according to the urban housewives food-related lifestyle. Doctoral Degree Thesis Kyonggi University, Kyonggi. pp 73-126. Hair Jr JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Tatham RL (2006) Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.), pp 72-104. In : Upper Saddle Ricer, NJ: Pearson Education, Lewiston, NY, USA. Kang MH (2012) Activation method and actual condition of dietary life education in household. Master s degree thesis Sookmyung Women s University, Seoul. pp 7-44. Kim ES, Cho HY, Kim YH (2015) A study of relationship of green dietary education, self-esteem and happiness of middle school home economics students. J Korean Home Econo Educ 27(7): 63-77. Kim KY, Ko MA (2012) Effects of knowledge about dietary life education on dietary life attitude and community consciousness. International J of Tourism and Hospitality Res 26(5): 183-197. Kim MJ (2006) Characteristics of ordinary diets in present - Problems and solutions -. Fam Environ Res 44(8): 151-152. Kim SH (2013) A study for the effects of student s educational satisfaction of cooking class on happiness of personal and family. Master s Degree Thesis Woosong University, Daejeon. pp 83-88. Kim YH (2010) A study on the needs of dietary education of high school students in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province. J Korean Home Econo Educ 22(4): 77-90. Kim YH (2012) A survey on the nutrition knowledge dietary behavior and satisfaction of dietary education of high school female students. J Korean Home Econo Educ 24(1): 21-36. Kim HJ (2015) 21C Dietary life education, What should we do? J Korean Pract Arts Educ pp 133-139. Lee IO, Na JK (2014) Effects of food-related lifestyle on consumer nutrition attitude and food preference - Focused on a married woman with young children -. Journal Foodservice Management Society of Korea 17(2): 201-227. Lee KA (2015) Current status of out-of-school dietary education for elementary school children and adolescents. J Korean Pract Arts Educ 28(4): 305-326. Lee SM (2013) Effects of a healthly diet lifestyle and the desire to improve one s health on the demand for healingexperience. Master s Degree Thesis Sookmyung Women s University, Seoul. pp 78-83. Lee YK (2007) A study on food purchase behavior according to wives food relate life style - Focused on soy sauce pro- ducts. Master s Degree Thesis Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul. pp 22-66. Lee JS, Kim KS (1999) A study on the dietary attitude of the house wives in Pusan by nutrition knowledge, purpose value of meals and monthly food expenditure. Korean J Food & Nutr 3: 300-305. Lee HJ (2011) Current cooking classes at community centers and promotional plans for the cooking classes according to food-related lifestyle. Master s Degree Thesis Sookmyung Women s University, Seoul. pp 62-68. Lee HW, Na YS, Cho MS (2016) Development and evalua- tion of dietary education program focused on slow life in school children. J Korean Soc Food Cult 31(2): 111-120. Park YM, Ahn YK (2012) The relationship between teacher s and parent s nutrition knowledge, foodhabit, diet-guidance for early chilhood and children s nutrition knowledge, food- habit. Wonkwang Journal of Humanities 13(1): 67-91. Park YS, Chung YS (2002) Characteristic and pattern of food and cultural background. J Korean Soc Food Cult 17(4): 435-445. Shin KO, Yoon JA, Lee JS, Chung KH (2010) A comparative study of the dietary asswssment and knowledge of (Full- time) housewives and working (Job-holding) housewives. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 20(1): 1-10. Sim KH (2011) A survey on the recognition and satisfaction of Korean herbal foods according to dietary behavior in lifestyle. Korean J Culin Res 17(4): 39-58. Shim BS (2006) A study on the effects of using HMR cus- tomer s selection attribute on expenditure and purchasing frequency. Master s Degree Thesis Sejong University, Seoul. pp 1-64. Song BG (2010) A study on the effect of home education programs for correcting unbalanced vegetable diet. Major in Traditional Dietary Life Food Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, pp 27-65. Woo JP (2012) Structural Equation Model Concepts and Under- standing. pp 154-176, pp 360-367 in : Hannarae Publishing Co. Seoul, Korea. Date Received Date Revised Date Accepted Nov. 24, 2016 Mar. 19, 2017 May 16, 2017