,,
iii iii iv I 1 1 1 2 4 3 7 II 8 1 8 1. (Pluralism ) 8 2. (Corporatism ) 12 2 18 1. 18 2. 20 3 25 III 30 1 30 1. 30 2. 36 2 : 39 3 43 IV 45 i
1 45 1. : 45 2. 59 2 61 1. : 61 2. 62 3 66 V 69 1 69 1. 69 2. 71 2 73 1. 73 2. 76 3 83 V I 86 89 A BST RA CT 97 ii
< 1 > 27 < 2 > 50 < 1 > GNP 31 < 2 > 32 < 3 > ( ) (1961 1998) 33 < 4 > 34 < 5 > 35 < 6 > 42 < 7 > 45 < 8 > : 52 < 8 1 > : 53 < 9 > 63 < 10 > 64 < 11 > 64 < 12 > 65 < 13 > 70 < 14 > 74 iii
:,,,,........... 1961 iv
............ :,,,,,,,,,,,, v
I 1.. 1). (, 1991;, 1991;, 1991) (, 1986).,.., 2).,, (, 1997: 56). 1) 2),. 1
...,..,... 60,.,..,. 1961.... 1988 2
....,,,.. 80. 1988.,.,....,. ( ). 3
,,, 1988 3).,. 2,. 1961 2000. 80....,. 3) North,. North,. 80 88. 4
. 3..,.,...,.,.,. 4...,..,...... 5
.,. 1988 4).,.. 1988.. 2000... 5. 60 2000.,..,. 4), 61. 7. 29 670. 63 1584, 67 1879, 1932, 73 2577, 76 2963, 78 3121, 80 3300, 88 4080 (8 ), 89 4096, 91 4419, 4423, 4433, 93 4541, 94 4707, 4819, 96 5153, 5211, 97 5408, 5453, 5454, 98 5505, 5591, 99 5949. 6
,... 3..., (1961 2000 ), ( ),,,, ( ).,.....,. 7
II 1 20.,.,. 1. (P lurali s m ) (1)..,.,..,. 8
., (, 1987: 128 129).,,,... (2). (ICA )..,. (1988). 9
.,.,...,.. 5). 5). (1991),,,,,., (1991),,,,,,,. (1987),,,,,,,,.. 10
. (, 1985: 28). 6)....,.,.,. 90... 6),,. 11
. 1988..,,.. 2. (Corporat i s m ) (1) ( ), (, 1988: 144).,, 7). 8). 9), 7).,,..,.,.,.. 8),,,,,,, 1500 (, 1991). 9) 12
, (, 1996: 70).,....,.,, 10). 11). (, 1986).,.,,,., (S chm itter, 1979: 13 14). 12). 10) 1985. 11). 12) 13
,, (, 1986: 34).. (, 1988). (2) 80 (, 1988).. 6 0 70. 13).. (, 1983: 13 14). 13) 14
14)...,....,..,,.,,,,,.. 14),,. 15
......... 15).,.. 16)17) 18) 15),,,, (Max Weber, Politics as Vocation, in H.H. Gerth and C.W.Mills (eds), From Max Weber (New York : Oxford University Press, 1972): 78 79)...,,. 16
..? 19). 60 70, ( ).,.. (, 1992: 134). 16).,.... 17) (populism )... (,, 2000. 12.12) 18)... 19) (, 1992: 134). (,, ). 17
2 1..,. (Property Right s approach ) (T ran saction Cost Econom ics ). 20),. ( hierarchy )., (N orth, 1981, 1990) 21). 20).,,,.. (Coase, 1960: 114) 21). (,,.) 18
. (N orth, 1990).., 22).., (S om er s, 1993: 595 596).. (P ath depen dency ),... 1988. 22).,. 19
. 2. (1) 90 23) (, 1997, 1998)....,..... 23) (Herman Kahn).,,,, (, 1999: 263). 20
...... (, 1997).. 24)... ( ). (, 2000: 192). ( ),., 24).,,.. 80. 21
(, 2000: 192).,,, (, 2000: 189).., (. 2000: 189)... (, 2000: 187).,..,.,... 22
.,. (2), (, 1999: 147).,.,. (W illiam son, 1985)'. (rent seekin g )'..., (, 1997: 84). (, 23
1997: 92)..,,.,, 80..,..,,,...,.. 24
.,...., 6 25.. 60... 30 (, 1999: 138). 3 25
, 1961 2000.. 80...,,..,,. 1961 2000 (, ). 1961, 1988., 6 29., (, ).. 26
< 1 > < 1>.. 3 60 2000...,... 27
.......,,,...,......... 28
..,.........., 6 25. 29
III..,,.,. 1 1.,.,.,.. 30
.,.,,...,.. (, ). GNP < 1>. < 1 > GNP GNP : 10 (%) 1977 33,590.2 7077.3(21.1%) 26,512.9(78.9) 1983 45,634.6 7441.2(16.3%) 38,193.4(83.7) 1991 19,4458.8 15,660.5(8.0%) 178,789.3(92.0) 1995 25,4704.9 16,986.5(6.7%) 237,718.4(93.3),, 2000: 283 31
, < 2>... 1975 1977 3, 1982.... 20 30%. < 2 > : (%) (A ) (B) (%) B/ A (%) 1967 20720 12456 60.1 1970 31770 21317 24.2 67.1 1975 71610 72744 18.1 101.6 1976 95980 96355 100.4 1977 117090 119401 102.0 1980 267096 224426 34.8 84.0 1982 360574 372098 103.2 1985 503869 478021 18.5 94.9,, 1986 : 78,, 2000 : 252,.. < 3>. 32
< 3 > ( ) (1961 1998) : (%) 1961 25,700,000 14,509,000 56.5 1970 31,435,000 14,421,730 45.9 1980 38,123,775 10,826,748 28.9 1990 43,499,674 6,660,891 15.3 1998 46,429,817 4,400,000 9.5.,.,. GNP,..,., (Burm eist er, 1988: 28).,.,. (, 1991). 33
36 1950 6 25.,., 60 70.,..... < 4>, < 5>. < 4 > : 76 287000 81000 33000 110000 38000 4000 11000 6000 4000 85 2038569 577382 90854 570000 197809 69928 193663 40065 49941 6000 139971 95 7818989 1807649 3181282 499494 655898 135701 127174 1102284 201489 98 12520292 2738383 5087363 337334 577498 14708 188688 1931979 44712 8125 11201 8 1479484. Kim, Chul Kyoo, 1993 p132 34
< 4>.,,,,.,,. 25).,, ( ),,.., (, 1991: 161).. < 5 > : 25).,, 1, 2, 2 9. 35
1965 1971 1976 1980 1985 1990 CCC 163 147 408 487 15 49 1,434 811 378 44 167 5,108 3,194 970 77 576 748 63 909 5,719 1,978 65 1,937 900 1,239 3,108 14,172 2,552 111 5,389 1,392 10,350 5,526 310 959 2,834 10,736 11,751 42,600 < 5>..,. 2. 26) 80. 1987 301 GAT T BOP 27) (, 1999: 225). (1986.9 1994.12). UR 26).. 27) 36
.,., (, 1991: 123).?,,., > > (, 1988: 415)., 2 3,.. 28),. GNP,,.,, (, 1991). 28) 37
1988,. 1987 88. 1987 6 6 29, 7 8, 16, 1988 4 26,,, 6 10,,, 2 13,,, 4 8 29)..,,,,,, (, 1996: 141). 1986 1987.. (, 1996: 447).,, 29) 3 12%,,,. 4 26 3 5. 1987.,,. 38
(, 1999: 205). (, 1999: 204). 1988.,,, (, 1988)... W T O UR. 2 :... (, 1979, 1989;. 1990b ; 1990)., ( 39
). 30),... 31)..,,..., (, 1993), (, 1986: 33)., (, 1988a ). 30) (, 1993; Kim and Koh, 1972).,, (, 1990) 31), (, 1990a) 40
,. (, 1993).,,,,,,..,. 15, (, 2000. 1. 28). < 6>.., 32). 4 16,,. 4 10. 11 16.,., 1963 5 32) < 6> ( ).,,. 41
..,., (,, 1999. 8. 3). < 6 > 4 1 14 15 8 15 10 19 24 20 1 127 14 8 2 4 6 11 10 8 15 1 79 5 15 15 12 9 18 18 29 28 31 1 176 6 2 6 7 7 6 8 7 12 19 12 2 88 7 1 5 0 1 3 4 3 1 2 0 27 7 8 1 2 11 8 6 11 6 15 15 9 2 86 18 6 4 1 2 4 6 7 8 9 0 65 9 7 4 8 5 5 6 5 10 12 10 1 73 8 4 7 3 2 6 3 6 5 8 0 52 10 9 4 8 6 3 7 5 8 9 8 1 68 11 5 7 3 4 5 4 7 8 7 0 61 11 14 6 12 6 4 8 7 10 13 10 0 90 11 5 10 4 1 5 6 9 5 1 0 57 13 3 2 2 10 6 4 8 7 11 10 10 1 87 12 14 6 2 2 4 0 2 4 2 5 4 5 0 50 1 2 1 0 3 1 1 4 1 5 3 4 0 26 10 1 8 6 0 16 8 7 2 0 0 17 12 0 87 13 17 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 14 17 0 0 0 54 10 14 0 1 0 4 3 0 2 0 0 2 9 1 46 3 0 0 0 0 6 1 2 13 0 0 2 0 0 27 16 15 8 5 0 1 18 8 6 7 2 0 14 16 0 116 14 25 0 0 1 6 2 8 0 1 1 12 19 0 0 0 75 2 0 2 0 0 0 5 4 2 4 0 0 2 3 0 24 27 21 2 9 0 0 18 9 2 1 1 0 11 17 3 121 15 18 0 0 2 6 0 10 0 0 0 13 17 0 0 0 66 0 0 8 0 0 7 5 2 5 12 0 0 2 0 0 41 28 0 0 6 5 2 0 22 5 2 4 9 11 0 0 2 96 16 17 17 11 5 0 1 4 18 3 3 0 0 0 16 16 1 112 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 12 1) 2) 3) 42
4 10. 11, 13, 14, 15, 16.,.... 3.. 1988...,..?.,. 43
...?. `..,., ( ).. 44
IV 1 1. : (ICA 33) ).,.. < 7>. 1975 100 1975 1985, 1995.,. < 7 > :, % 33) ICA (International Cooperative Alliance: ) 1985. ICA,,,., 1963, 1979, 1983. 45
1961 494 432 4,126 5,002 1970 996 1,927 6,802 4,585 1,591 15,901 1975 1,053(100) 831(100) 8,320(100) 20,270(100) 3,224(100) 34,236(100) 502,702(100) 1985 1,538(146) 4,171(502) 5,893(71) 30,291(149) 682( 21) 42,575(124) 670,637(133) 1995 2,489(236) 1,591(191) 13,635(164) 50,191(248) 2,078(64) 69,984(200) 905,390(180).,,, 1996. 1961.,... (, 1985),,,.. 46
.., (, 1984: 2 4).,., (, 1992)...,.. (1),,. 2.,,,. 47
(, 1987)..,. ( ) (,, 1998)..,..,, ( ),,. ( ). 34).,. 35). 34) 1 35),,.,. 48
..,,,,..,. 1,., 1..,,,,.. < 2>..,,.. (,, 1998). 49
(,, ) < 2 > 1988.,,.,. 50
.,.,....,,,.... (2) /.. 1988,.. 3. (1961 1988 ) 51
< 8>. < 8 > : 1961.8 61.11, 2 1961.11 62.7 3 1962.7 63.6,, 4 1963.6 66.3, 5 1966.3 68.12,,,, 6 1968.12 71.11, 7 1971.11 76.12,,,,, 8 1976.12 78.6, 9 1978.6 79.7,,,, 8,, 10 1979.7 82.7, 1,, 11 1982.7 88.3 1961 80,..,... 52
., (, 1994).. < 8 1> : 1 90.5~94, 2 94.3~99 3 99.3~, 8, < 8 1> 80. 1988.,.. 1989 3 36). 1993 4 1994 3 2..,,,, 36) 1 (1989.3 ~ 1990.3), 2 (1993.2 ~ 1994.4), 3 (1997.2 ~ 1998.4) 53
. (, 1999: 305)..,...,..,.... (3),,,,. 54
... (, 1999: 27).. (, 1999: 28).,,,...,,,.,. (, 1999)..,,,.. 1988. 55
2,. (, 1994). ( 2 4 ), (5 ). ( 6 )..,. 149,.. 6, ( 164 3 ). ( 9 ),, ( 16 ), ( 133 ), ( 153 ), ( ) ( 160 ) 37) (,,,, 37) 160. 80%. 56
), ( 161 )..,.,,.. 1 ( 28 ). 50 12. ( ) 2 ( 11 ) 1 ( 12 ). 2 1. 97 1989 65%. ( 51 )., 12 57
. 1988... 80., 6 29. 1988.,. 80, 1988.,,.. 1988,... 58
2. 1988. 2000. 1 2000 110.,. 38). ( ).,. 1999 8 39), 2000 7 1.. 38) 98 4. 39), 5, 59
,.. 1981. 4 1 (, 1999: 308). 2000 5, 7. 1400, 110.....,..... 60
.. 2..,. 1. :,..,,.,, 61
..... 60. 80.. 60 2000... (, 1994). 2.,.. < 9>. 62
, (,, ).,.,,.. < 9>,,,,.,,. < 9 > : %( ) 63
1965 1971 1976 1980 1985 1990 9(7.7) 76(5.8) 181(3.5) 1,551(5.0) 1,461(2.4) 2,005(0.8) 106(90.6) 1,089(83.8) 3,583(68.9) 14,986(48.7) 27,112(44.4) 97,309(39.5) 2(1.7) 41(3.1) 123(2.4) 2,570(8.3) 4,843(7.9) 16,281(6.6) 66(5.1) 708(13.6) 11,633(37.8) 27,674(45.3) 123,132(50.0) 94(7.2) 607(11.7) 38(0.1) 62(0.1) 7,220(2.9) (A ) 117(100) 1,300(100) 5,202(100) 30,779(100) 61,115(100) 246,031(100) 163 408 1,434 5,108 909 3,108 147 487 811 3,194 5,719 14,172 378 970 1,978 2,552 15 44 77 65 111 576 1,937 5,389 49 167 748 900 1,392 CCC 63 1.239 10,350 5,526 310 959 2,834 10,736 11,751 42,600 (B) 427 2,259 8,036 41,515 72,866 288,631 : A/ B (%) 27.4 57.6 64.7 74.1 83.7 85.2., < 10>, < 11>. < 10 > :, % 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 133(57.1) 100(42.9) 616(58.4) 438(41.6) 1,969(62.3) 1,072(37.7) 8,726(73.9) 3,087(26.1) 20,878(73.1) 7,664(26.9) 53,119(65.5) 27,809(34.4) 233(100) 1,054(100) 2,841(100) 11,815(100) 28,542(100) 90,925(100),, 64
< 10> 60%,.. < 11 > : ( % ) 1962 1964 1968 1974 1981 1984 1987 84(89.6) 123(82.4) 245(81.8) 842(56.8) 4,122(57.8) 3,932(51.8) 5,078(60.0) 8(8.7) 2(1.9) 20(13.1) 7(4.5) 42(13.9) 13(4.3) 640(42.9) 5(0.3) 2,626(36.8) 387(5.4) 3,654(48.2) (?) 7,614(40.0) (?) 94(100.0) 149(100.0) 300(100.0) 1,480(100.0) 7,135(100.0) 7,586(100.0) 12,682(100.0),, < 11> 60%...,.. 1961 2000.. 65
< 12 > : % ( ) 1970 1985 1987 1988 1990 (A ) (B) (A B)% 1464(100.0) 27,518 2,755 24,763(100.0) 46,523 7,575 38,948(100.0) 55,353 10,527 44,826(100.0) 97,309 16,521 80,788(100.0) 5,660 9,010 11,353 21,253, 1,890 2,779 4,728 6,740, 4,161(16.8) 8,030(20.6) 10,083(22.5) 24,500(30.3) 11,711(47.3) 19,819(50.9) 26,164(58.4) 42,493(65.0) :746 :718 7,301 33,504 595 729 923 11,716 4,994 662 497 1.260 9,938 5,357 780 747 1,840 17,135 7,393 584 938 2,245 1464(100) 13,052(52.7) 19,129(49.1) 19,662(41.6) 28,295(35.0)., < 12>. 3.,.,. < 12>,.,.. 66
.... 3.,,.....,... 67
.,.. 1988.. 1988 40).,... 40), 61. 7. 29 670. 63 1584, 67 1879, 1932, 73 2577, 76 2963, 78 3121, 80 3300, 88 4080 (8 ), 89 4096, 91 4419, 4423, 4433, 93 4541, 94 4707, 4819, 96 5153, 5211, 97 5408, 5453, 5454, 98 5505, 5591, 99 5949. 68
V, 60 2000.,. 1 1.. 60.. 60. 70. 70. 1972 800 80 5.5. 1,500 1972 120 1980 8,250. 70.. 69
...... 80. < 13>. 70 80%. < 13 > :, % 1971 1973 1976 1979 1984 1987 1988 1990 91(82.7) 86(55.9) 413(7.7) 889(8.8) 932(7.8) 735(3.1) 19(17.3) 900(53.3) 68(44.1) 356(100) 787(46.7) 2,000(20.0) 3,000(25.0) 4,976(92.3) 7,111(71.1) 10768(89.7) 5,300(22.1) 17,965(74.8) 110(100) 154(100) 356(100) 1,687(100) 5,398(100) 10,000(100) 12,000(100) 24,000(100),, < 13>,. 70
, 80 70 90%... 2. ( ) ( ).....,. 60..... 70 71
.. 41). 80,...,....,,... 41), 1985,, 72
....,...., (, 1997).. 2 1... 73
.?.. < 14 > : % ( ) 1965 1971 1976 1980 1985 1990 9(7.7) 106(90.6) 2(1.7) 76(5.8) 1,089(83.8) 41(3.1) 66(5.1) 94(7.2) 181(3.5) 3,583(68.9) 123(2.4) 708(13.6) 607(11.7) 1,551(5.0) 14,986(48.7) 2,570(8.3) 11,633(37.8) 38(0.1) 1,461(2.4) 27,112(44.4) 4,843(7.9) 27,674(45.3) 62(0.1) 2,005(0.8) 97,309(39.5) 16,281(6.6) 123,132(50.0) 7,220(2.9) (A ) 117(100) 1,300(100) 5,202(100) 30,779(100) 61,115(100) 246,031(100).,....,. 60,,... 74
.......,. (, 1994)..,... 1961... 75
.. 2. 1961.. 42)., 43).. 1981.. 42)... 43). 76
. 1985 96% 3 2.,. (2) < 15 > : (%) 1984 929 23.0 1,534 38.0 850 21.1 714 17.7 4,027 1985 1,087 22.5 1,911 39.6 954 19.8 874 18.1 4,826 1986 1,526 24.2 2,979 47.3 853 13.5 940 14.9 6,298 1987 2,244 24.9 4,267 47.4 1,500 16.7 995 11.0 9,006 1988 3,289 27.6 5,352 45.0 2,183 18.3 1,073 9.0 11,897 1989 4,427 27.2 7,299 44.8 3,109 19.1 1,470 9.0 16,305 1990 6,021 29.0 10,003 48.1 3,229 16.0 1,540 7.4 20,793 1991 8,511 30.4 11,698 42.0 6,049 22.0 1,783 6.4 28,041 1992 11,070 31.4 15,251 43.3 6,597 19.0 2,283 6.5 35,201 1993 12,525 33.0 15,691 41.1 7,450 20.0 2,500 6.6 38,166 1994 13,393 33.6 16,144 40.5 7,802 19.6 2,541 6.4 39,880 94 84 +10.6 +2.5 1.5 11.3 < 15> 1984 1994, 10.6%, 2.5%. 1984 1994 1.5%, 11.3%. 77
,,.. < 16 > : 1973 1975 1980 1985 1987 1988 1990 45 39 124 118 140 850 2,062 567 2,899 3,753 5,080 12,889 6,910 15,221 11,477 20,259 84(100) 382(98.7) 3,497(99.9) 6,652(97.4) 17,969(99.5) 22,131(85.6) 31,736(96.7) 2,689 184 5 20 175 90 1,026 894 84(100) 387(100) 3,499(100) 6,827(100) 18,059(100) 25,847(100) 32,814(100) 1,560(44.6) 4,276(62.6) 11,202(62.7) 17,448(67.5) 23,967(73.0) 51 290 300 1,885 334 1,067 2,626 4,643 3,772 3 14 156 65 1 836 12 636 15(17.9) 65(16.8) 624(17.8) 1,223(17.9) 3,961(22.2) 4,944(19.1) 7,129(21.7) 69(82.1) 322(83.2) 1,315(37.6) 1,328(19.5) 2,531(14.1) 3,456(13.4) 1,719(5.2) 185(1.0) 84(100) 387(100) 3,499(100) 6,827(100) 17,879(100) 25,848(100) 32,815(100),, < 16>,., 44),., 44),,,.. 78
90%, 60 70%.,. < 16>,, 20%.,. 3..,..,..,..., 6 25.. 79
..,,.. 1988...., (, 1990).,. 1987 ( ). 45). 45). ( 80
1,,, (, 1996).. 1987 6.29 35 1987 7 2.,..,.,.. 3 )..,.... 81
1987 11 13.,., 10. 15 1987 7 8 1 1988 6 483. 1987 7 2358 1988 6 1 1703 90% 1. < 17 > 13,812 12,752 92.3% 493 493 100% : < 17>, 90%...,,.,,,, 82
< 18>. < 18 > (,, ) 1 1 : : :,, :, * : Scharrs, Marvin A. 1971, Cooperatives. Principles and Practices 1457 Cooperative Extension Programs, University of Wiscomsim, Mandison, p.11 ( :, 1990 ),. (Goldsm ith, 1980: 431),.. 83
.. 1988,.,..,.. 1988,..,.. 84
V I 80 2000,,.,...,,.,. ( ).,. 80. 1988.. 85
... 1988.,. 1988 2000.,.,,.. 80.,.. 86
.,......,.. 87
1., 1994,,, 1990,, 1994,, 1998, 1 2 3, 1989, 1990, 1991,, 1991,, 1996,,,, 1995, A gricultural Cooperativ es in Korea, 1974, S eoul: N ation al A gricultural Cooperativ e, 1996, F ederation 30, 1984, :, 1, 1997, 1, ( ),, 2000, 5, hccho@chosun.com 2., 1991,,, 1999,, 9 10, 1994,,, 1999,, 88
, 1997,, 31,, 1999,, 1994,,, 11,, 1989,,, 1996,, 30: 244 273, 1998, :, 54: 121 163, 1998, :, < >, 54: 249 254, 1994,,, 1991,,, 1994,,, 1991,,, 13 91.12., 1992,,, 1991,,, 1995, W T O,, 1992,,, 8, 1986, :,, 1984,, T he Korean Journ al of Cooperativ e Studies, V ol.2, 1990,, : 89
I,, 1996,, 14,,,, 1985,,, 1991,,, 1998,, 98,, 1994,,, 1996,, /, 1997,..,, 1997,, ( ), 1985,,, 1986,,, 1990,,, 1993,,, 1987,,, 1994,, 1986,,, :, 1987,,, 1986, :, 21, 1 63, 1990a,,,, :, 1990b,,,, 4,, 1993, 14,, 1998,, 90
I,, 1996,, 14,, 1992,,, 1999, 3,,, 1987,,, 1987,,,, 1994,,, 1991,,, 1984,,, 1981,,, 95 (81.11): 120 123, 1989,, 9 (89.12): 15 26, 1986,,, 1976,,, 1988,, 8 (1), 29, 1994,, 11,, 1991,,, 1997,,, 1997, 1997, " ' ' : ",, (3 )., 1998, " ' ' IMF ",, (6 ), 1990,,, I, 8, 21, 1987,,, 1979,, :, 1981,, :, 1989, :, 91
: 21, 1997, 21, 11 4, 1996,, 14,, 1991,,, 1996,,, 14,, 2000,, 1987,, 1993,,,,, 1996, (1948 95), 6, :, 27 2, 1988,,, 8 (1), 29, 1988,,, 1984,,, 2 1,, 1990,,, 1988,, : /, 1998,,,,, 1989, II,, 1983,,, 1992, 21,, 1998, http :/ / suny.y on sei.ac.kr/ ~jont on g/ seas on/ 1998/ 0610.htm l, 1987,, 92
3. A.T.M osher, 1966, Gettin g A gricultural M oving : 155 Berger, Guy, 1992, S ocial structure an d rural dev elopm ent in the T hird W orld, Cam bridge Burm eiser, Larry, 1988, Research, Realpolitik, an d Dev elopm ent in Korea : T he St at e and th e Green Rev olution, Boulder Co: W estview Pres s, 1990, St at e, Indu strialization and agricultural policy in Korea, Dev elopm ent and Chan ge, 21: 197 223, 1991, Korean agricultural cooperativ es in tran sition : Shiftin g corporatist foun dation s?, A paper present ed at th e Conferen ce on A uthority an d Ex ch ang e in Korea, E ast W est Cent er. January, 1991, 1987, T he S outh Korean green rev olution : in du ced or direct ed inn ov ation, E con om ic Dev elopm ent and Cultural Chan ge Collier, David (ed.), 1979, T he N ew Auth oritarianim in Latin Am erica (Prin cet on ) Gh at ak, Subrat a an d Ken In ger sent, 1984, A griculture and Econ om ic Dev elopm ent, John s Hopkin s Goldsm ith, Arthur, 1980, P opular P articipation an d Rural leader ship in the S aem aul M ov em ent T ow ard a New Com m unity Life ' Ichim ura, Shinichi, 1998, P olitical E con om y of Japan ese an d A sian Dev elopm ent, Spring er Kim, Chul Ky oo, 1993, Capit alist Dev elopm ent, the St at e, an d T he Restructuring S ocial Relation s in S outh Korea Lew, S eok Choon, 1999, ' Confucian Capit alism ' an d the IM F Bailout in Korea 93
, 1999, An In stitutionalist Reint erpret ation of ' Confu cian Capit alism ' in E ast A sia, 1999, T he Structure of Dom in ation an d Capital A ccumulation in M odern Korea, 1997, Confu cian Capit alism : P ossibilities and Lim it s, Korea F ocu s, 5 (4): 80 92. Mill. J. S., 1984, A Sy stem of Logic Ratiocin ativ e and inductiv e (London : P eople ' s Edition ) N ational A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation, 1972, An Appraisal, E ast Lan sing : A gricultural E con om ics Research In stitut e Michig an st at e Univ. S chm itt er, Philippe, 1974, Still th e Century of Corporatism, Review of P olitics, 36 (1): 85 131 St epan, Alfred, 1978, T h e St ate and S ociety : P eru in Com parativ e P er spectiv e (Prin cet on : Prin cet on Univ er sity P ress ) W iarda, H ow ard, 1973, T ow ard a F ram ew ork for the Stu dy of P olitical Ch ang e in the Iberic Latin T radition : the Corporativ e M odel, W orld P olitics, 25 (2) 94
A B S T RA CT S tructure and Function of Kore an A g ricultural Cooperativ e F e deration : w ith S pecial referen c e to the relation am ong the St ate, the Peas ant & the Kore an A g ricultural Cooperativ e F ederation Jeon, Ji Yeon Dep. of S ociology T h e Gradu at e S chool Yon sei Univ er sity T his study ex am ines the proces s of dev elopm ent of Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation an d an aly zes th e relation bew een the St at e and the P easant. I w ill com pare the Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation w ith other A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation s around W estern countries ba sed on v olunt arism. W ithin this context, th e interv ention of the St at e play s a m ajor role in controllin g korean econ om ic organization s throu ghout korean hist ory. A nalytical anchor is structure and fun ction of the agricultural cooperativ e federation. On one side, th e Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation is on e of the int erest groups in korea. Gen erally, th e Cooperativ e F ederation m ean s the collectivity of in dividu als w hich is composed of people w ho hav e sh ared goals. My question is w hether the Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation is sim ilar t o the w estern style. On the other side, the Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation is relat ed t o agriculture w hich is inferior part in korean econ om ic dev elopm ent proces s due t o the indu strializin g str at egy of the g ov ernm ent. 95
A lthough agriculture is the inferior part in Korea, th e Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation is th e successful organization w hich has big capit al throu gh the int erv ention of the St ate. Ev ery kin d of economic org anization is dom inat ed by S ocial economic and cultural environm ent. S o it is v ery im portant to follow the concrete proces s of the dev elopm ent of the Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation for b ett er study. W hen the Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation w as established in 1961, the P easant s w ere det eriorated by the decline of food self sufficiency and high debt ratio of farm hou seholds. T herefore peasant s h ad no pow er t o m ake th eir ow n organization. Un der this circum st an ces, th e St at e m ade the A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation as an in strum ent for controllin g and protecting the peasant. It w as "T op Bottom " sy stem. Sin ce then, th e g ov ernm ent continuou sly int erv en ed the Kor ean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation. W e can reidentify this fact from supervising sy st em of the A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation. T hrou gh this process, the gov ernm ent w a s able t o cut the cost u sed to a ssist poor agriculture. T he int eraction bet w een the St at e and Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation is strong each oth er. T h e Koren agricultural Cooperativ e F ederation w as dev eloped by the support and control of the g ov ernm ent. And under this circum st an ces, th e Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation provided infra stru ctur e w hich gav e th e gov ernm ent th e m echanism of controllin g & protecting th e peasant s. In addition, the A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation play ed th e role of providing service. T his stu dy ask s w heth er pluralism and corporatism is th e an sw er for ex plainin g the Korean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation. Pluralism is a dis sertation which emphasizes voluntarism. But an agriculture 96
in k orea is so poor that the peasant didn 't hav e any pow er t o collect their comm on m in d. T h erefore this m odel is n ot proper for Korean agricultural F ederation. Corporatism is based on the cath olic m ind w hich argues balance and harm ony. S o this dissert ation is also not good t o ex plain korean circum st ances brin ging unbalanced dev elopm ent bet w een inferior agriculture and superior other indu stries. T his stu dy aim s t o under st an d th e Korean economic environm ent as it is. S o I do try to find the proper theory w hich can ex plain th e Kor ean A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation an d the relation b etw een the State an d the P easant s. key w ords : st ate, the A gricultural Cooperativ e F ederation, P easant, interest group, pluralism, corporatism, confu cian capit alism, n eo in stitution al econom ics, regim e legitimization, infrastru cture, service providin g, protection & control 97