방송광고현황및제도개선방안연구 2008. 12
1.,,.. 2007 71.2%... 2007 7 9,897 GDP 0.89%. GDP 1% 2000. TV. TV..., TV. KOBACO,.,.
2,. 20% 1%p 4 8. OECD 0.95% 5 7 1,037.,... 2008 12
3 1 9 1 19 2 20 1 20 1. 20 2. 23 3. 24 2 37 1. 37 2. 39 3. 39 4. 43 3 49 1 49 1. TV 49 2. 55 2 55 1. 55 2. 56 3 60
4 1. 60 2. 61 3. (PPL) 64 4 72 1 72 1. 72 2. 74 3. 76 2 77 1. 77 2. 78 3 79 1. 79 2. 79 3 82 4. 82 5. 83 6. 84 7. 85 5 86 88 1 90 2 95 3 KOBACO 101
5 2 1 GDP 20 2 2 GDP 21 2 3 22 2 4 TV, 23 2 5 TV, TV 23 2 6 1% 24 2 7 GS 31 2 8 35 2 9 38 2 10 10 38 2 11 (2004 2006 ) 39 2 12 40 2 13 41 2 14 42 2 15 42 2 16 43 3 1 61 3 2 62 4 1 72 4 2 75 4 3 76 4 4 77
6 4 5 78 4 6 79
7 2 1 21 2 2 (1) 27 2 3 (2) 28 2 4 (2005 6 ) 29 4 1 73 4 2 76 4 3 / 81 4 4 GDP 84
9 1. 07 7 9,897 GDP 0.89%,,,, OECD 2002 TV TV TV TV,,, (SAPIN) (1993) 2. KOBACO
10, KOBACO 2000 GS(Global Standard),,, KOBACO, 2007 729 KOBACO 10% 12.2%, 10% 19.7% 6.8%, 2007 1,433 80%,
11 20% 1%p 3 2.6 4 8,,,, (agent),,
12,, KOBACO, KOBACO, 3,,,, 1 1,, ( ) KOBACO 1 KOBACO
13 KOBACO, KOBACO,, KOBACO KOBACO, 2, KOBACO, KOBACO KOBACO KOBACO,, KOBACO KOBACO, KOBACO,
14 (media mix) 14 15%, 15%, 14% KOBACO,, KOBACO, KOBACO,,,,,
15 KOBACO, KOBACO, KOBACO 3.., 2007 4
16,,,.,, HD
17 4. 3 GDP 0.88% 5 12 1,740 5 3 3,401 OECD 0.95% 5 13 1,424 5 7 1,037
1 19 1, WTO
20 2 1 1.. GDP 07 7 9,897 GDP 0.89% 2000 GDP 1% 0.9% TV 2 1 GDP 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 0.40% 0.35% 0.40% 0.36% 0.32% 0.30% 0.29% 0.27% 0.39% 0.31% 0.38% 0.33% 0.28% 0.26% 0.25% 0.25% 0.05% 0.05% 0.06% 0.08% 0.10% 0.13% 0.17% 0.21% 0.16% 0.16% 0.17% 0.19% 0.18% 0.18% 0.18% 0.16% 1.01% 0.87% 1.00% 0.96% 0.88% 0.87% 0.90% 0.89%,,,, OECD
2 21 2 2 GDP 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 1.60% 1.45% 1.43% 1.39% 1.38% 1.33% 1.32% 1.12% 1.08% 0.98% 0.96% 0.98% 0.97% 0.94% 0.71% 0.66% 0.62% 0.60% 0.60% 0.59% 0.59% 0.97% 0.87% 0.78% 0.74% 0.73% 0.73% 0.74% 0.91% 0.92% 0.86% 0.86% 0.88% 0.88% 0.87% 0.68% 0.68% 0.58% 0.59% 0.60% 0.61% 0.59% OECD 0.98% 0.96% 0.93% 0.93% 0.96% 0.94% 0.95% : (2007). 2002 TV TV 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 2 1 ( : ) 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 TV 라디오 신문 잡지 CATV 온라인 위성 DMB
22 2 3 ( :, %) (%) 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007 TV 21,492 21,839 21,076 30.5 28.6 26.4 2,683 2,799 2,807 3.8 3.7 3.5 4 16,724 17,013 17,801 23.7 22.3 22.3 4,368 4,591 4,841 6.2 6.0 6.1 45,267 46,242 46,524 64.2 60.6 58.2 7,358 7,737 6,793 10.4 10.1 8.5 4, 7,315 7,711 7,873 10.4 10.1 9.9 TV 4,868 6,721 8,297 6.9 8.8 10.4 5,669 7,790 10,200 8.0 10.2 12.8 62 120 120 0.1 0.2 0.2 DMB 19 88 0.0 0.1 10,599 14,650 18,706 15.0 19.2 23.4 70,539 76,339 79,897 100.0 100.0 100.0 : (2007) 2006 7.6 2007 7.9 4.7% TV 2006 2.2 2007 2.1 3.5%, 2006 1.7 2007 1.8 4.6%, 2,800 TV 6,721 8,297 23.4%, 7,790 1 30.9% IPTV, DMB TV,
2 23, IPTV 2. TV TV 2002 1 TV, 1.7%p 2 4 TV, T-TV, (, %), (, %) CATV, (, %) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 19,537(44.5) 24,397(42.8) 23,671(42.3) 22,350(40.9) 21,492(38.5) 21,839(35.9) 21,076(32.3) 2,372(5.4) 2,812(4.9) 2,751(4.9) 2,653(4.9) 2,683(4.8) 2,799(4.6) 2,807(4.3) 1,652(3.8) 2,345(4.1) 2.975(5.3) 3,999(7.3) 4,868(8.7) 6,721(11.0) 8,239(12.7), 43,904 57,069 56,003 54,652 55,866 60,892 65,230 TV, TV 2 5 TV, TV 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 (KBS1 ) 12.29 11.48 11.61 10.87 10.26 9.41 7.88 0.19 0.67 1.32 2.14 2.74 3.12 3.19 : ACN, (2008)
24 1%p TV TV, TV TV, TV 2 6 1% ( : ) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 TV 1,702 2,101 2,178 2,178 2,284 2,771 TV 2,466 1,777 1,390 1,459 1,560 2,107 3.. KOBACO 1) 1970 70 2) 1980 KOBACO 1980 12 1) (KOBACO) ( 1 ): 1) (media rep.) media representative,, ( 2004 ).
2 25. KOBACO KOBACO 70,, 2) 1),,,,, 2), KOBACO KOBACO, 2) KOBACO 4 3
26, 3). KOBACO 1) (KOBACO) ( 73 5 ) (KOBACO) KOBACO 3) 3), (transaction cost) (organization cost), 1981 KOBACO,, ( 2003 ).
2 27 2) ) 14% KOBACO 3% 11% 1000, 810 (80% ), 52.5 (6% ), 110 (11%), KOBACO 30 ( 2%, 1%) 2 2 (1) 광고주 광고청약 직거래 KOBACO 광고의뢰 수탁수수료 방송사 대행수수료 광고청약 대행의뢰 광고회사 )
28 2 3 (2) ) 4) KOBACO SA, A, B, C,, 2 4) KOBACO (http://www.kobaco.co.kr).
2 29 3 ( ) 1/6 : SA ( 2 4 ) 2 4 (2005 6 ) 광고단가 (15 초, 천원 ) 시청률대비광고단가 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000-0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 시청률 (2005년 6월기준 ) 광고단가 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 시청률대비광고단가 ( S A 급 ) - 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 시청률 : TNS, (http://www.kobaco.co.kr)
30 2000 GS(Global Standard) GS,, ) GS (KBS-2TV ) 1 : : 2 3 : 14.4% 2 : :, 1.1 3 :, 14.4*1.1 = 15.84: D D 1.50 4 : 1.44 5 : 1.50( )*1.44( ) = 2.16( ) 6 : 270,000 (KBS2TV )
2 31 7 : 15 8 : 2.16( )*270,000( )*1.05( ) = 612,360-612,000 ( ); = 612,000*15( ) = 9,180,000 * 1.0 2 7 GS 1 : 2 : 3 4 : : 5 : 6 : 2 3 4 : SA, A, B, C, = 1.2; = 1.1; = 1.0 : 3.30 0.2 7 A-G 150% 40% 13 ; 7 : = * = * 8 : = * * ) = + 70%:30% MBC, 70% MBC 30% MBC 19. MBC
32 3 4 MBC 1 2. MBC. KOBACO 1997,, KOBA CO 1997 1998 2000 1998 3 1998 8 2000 1999 2 2000 2, KBS2 2001 2000 ( ) 73 5 : 2000 8 ( )
2 33 (KBS, EBS, MBC) KOBACO (SBS, ) KOBACO 30% 2002 12 2 2 5% 20% ( ) 3 10% 3, T/F (2005) 1, 1 1 (2005. 9),, KOBACO, (2005 10, 11 ) (2006. 11. 27)
34 20%, FTA T/F FTA ISD(Investor-State Dispute: ) (2007. 4. 2). ISD, (WTO ). KOBACO KOBA CO 770 (2006 ) 1/2-1/3 + : ISD 1 + 1 1 + KOBACO KBS EBS,, :. KOBACO 1),, 3 KOBACO :,, MBC( ), SBS :, KBS, KOBACO,
2 35,, KOBACO, 2 8 EBS,,, PD MBC( ), SBS KBS KOBACO KOBACO, 1 1 : (2004),, 16 PD,, 2007. 9. 19 KOBACO,,
36 2),,,,, : 2002. 14, : KOBACO : KOBACO KOBACO
2 37 KOBACO. 2008 11 27 KOBACO 2006 352, 73 5, 73 5, 59 3, 73 5, 59 5 2009 12 31 2 1. 06 4,282 (7 ) 6.1% 06, (42.8%, 1,832 ), (23.9%), (21.1%) 06 (26.6%) (17.7%)
38 : 2 9 ( :, %) 2004 2005 2006 2005 /2006 2006 1,589 1,741 1,832 5.2 42.8 952 987 1,022 1.0 23.9 176 203 239 17.7 5.6 811 855 905 5.8 21.1 137 165 176 6.7 4.1 67 85 108 26.6 2.5 3,836 4,036 4,282 6.1 100.0 : (2007) 10 06 10 76.6%,,,, 10 10 2 10 10 ( :, %) 2005 / 2006 2005 2006 2006 1,662 1,748 5.2 40.8 403 412 2.2 9.6 216 219 1.4 5.1 204 208 2.0 4.9 127 131 3.1 3.1 98 114 16.3 2.7 107 110 2.8 2.6 83 88 6.0 2.1 78 83 6.4 1.9 78 81 3.8 1.9 10 3,135 3,278 4.6 76.6 4,036 4,282 6.1 100.0 : (2007)
2 39 2. 04 06, 06 0.3%, 0.6% 06 1.1%, 0.1% 04 06, TV 04 06 2 11 (2004 2006 ) 2004 2005 2006 ( : %) 2005 / 2006 30.2 29.9 29.3 0.6 13.3 13.1 12.8 0.3 8.7 8.5 8.3 0.2 TV 37.8 37.5 37.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 5.7 5.8 5.9 0.1 3.7 4.6 5.7 1.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 : (2007) 3.,
40,, (SAPIN) (1993) ITV TV, (1955) 96 2003 ITV 15, 2004 11 ITV 2 12 ( ) BBC1, 2 Channel4 S4C ITV Granada Group Carlton Group SMG Channel5 ( ) ( ) Granada Enterprise Carlton Media Sales Granada Carlton TV (1968) (RFP) TV 3, TV (1974)
2 41 TV (1984) 1 TV TF1 (1987) RFP TV TV TF1, Antenne2, FR3 3, RFP Canal + (1984), La 5 TV6(1986), TF1(1987) RFP TF1 TF Publicte RFP 100% RFP 2 13 France Television F2, F3, F5 FTP( ) Arte Arte TF1 TF1 TF1 Publicte( ) M6 M6 M6 Publicte( ) Canal + Canal + Canal + Regie( ) 1984 1 20
42 / / 2 14 (TV ) ARD ARD-Werburg Sales & Service(, ) ZDF ZDF Werbefernsehen(, ) TF1 TF1 Publicte( ) M6 M6 Publicte( ) Canal + Canal + Regie( ) TV TV (STER) 1992 2 15 (TV ) Nos 1, 2, 3 STER( TV ) Holland Media Group(RTL4, RTL5, Yorin) IP Network SBS(SBS6, V8, Net5) SBS,
2 43 2 16 ( ) PBS ABC ABC National TV Sales CBS NBC FOX CBS Television sales CBS-Group W-MaXam EYEMARK TV Sales NBC Spot Sales NBC TV Staion Sales FOX Television Sales, ( ) 4. ( ) BBC ITV
44 SBS(Special Broadcasting Service) 1967 CPB(Corporation for Public Broad -casting),,,, CPB CPB (,, ) CPB 1967 (Public Broadcasting Act of 1967) (private) (nonprofit) (corpo -ration) CPB PBS(Public Broadcasting Service), NPR(National Public Radio), PRI(Public Radio International) 2007 CPB 5 1 5 2 (CPB Annual Report, 2007) 1990 ITV,
2 45 1) ITV 50% 2) ITV 90% 3) 25%,, 2%, 5 20% A FSER(Fonds de soutien l expression radiophonique: ) A
46 1984 600,, 1987 1992, 1997, (DDM), 11, 3, 4 ( / 2, 1, 1 ) 20% 4, 2 (CBF) 8% (,,,
2 47, ),,,, ( 52.1% ) UHF 3ABN(Three Angels Broadcasting Network) (Public Access) NRB(National Religious Broadcasters) CBC(Christian Broadcasting Council) CMC(Churches Media Council) CBC CMC BBC 4
48 Ofcom,,.
3 49 3 1 1. TV TV, KOBACO,,,,,,,
50,,,,,, (10% 20%) TV KOBACO 2008 1 7.9%, 1/4 3%, 2/4 1.1%,
3 51, KOBACO, KOBACO ) A X 1 1 / A CM KOBACO,, (numeraire)
52 (100% ),, KOBACO, KOBACO, GS,,,,
3 53 TV ( 3. ), KOBACO, KOBACO KOBACO 5), KOBACO 3% 2007 729 KOBACO TV KOBACO, 302 445 5) UNCPC prov. 8711 UNCPC ver1.1 83620,
54 KOBACO 1 3, 8 2006 2008 KOBACO KOBACO, KOBACO (information rent), WTO WTO DDA( ), KOBACO
3 55 FTA FTA 12 ISD, USTR 2., KOBACO 2 1.
56 (agent),, /,, 2.,, KOBACO, KOBACO,
3 57 1 : 3,,,, 1 1, ( ),
58 2 : KOBACO 1 KOBACO KOBACO,, KOBACO KOBACO KOBACO,,,
3 59 KOBACO KOBACO KBS2 MBC, KOBACO, 2,, 1 1,,,, 3 : KOBACO KOBACO, KOBACO KOBACO
60 KOBACO,,,,, KOBACO 3 1. 2002 TV 2006 2008 2009 TV TV TV TV GDP 0.9% 1.5%,
3 61 TV (PPL: Product Placement), 2. 6). 73 1, 59 TV TV 3 1 TV, 10 45 60 : 1 60 90 : 2 90 120 : 3 120 150 : 4 150 180 : 5 180 : 6 1, 3 10, 12 TV,,, 6) 2007 11
62 TV., 3 2 45, 30 ( ) ( ) *,, ( ) * ARD, ZDF 20 20 : 45 30 : * * France2, 3, 5 : : ( 20 ) 20 30 20 (110 2, 110 3 ) 30 :,, 2007. 11. 14.
3 63 :,, : : 20, 45,., 2007 4 ( 10/100),,, ( : 45 60 1 ), 2001 ( )( 25 1 ), 2000 ( )( 30 1 ), (1) 1, 3, (2) 45, 3, (3) 30, 2 5
64,,, 3. (PPL)., 74..
3 65 60 74 1. 1., 2., 3. ( ), 3 2., 4. 60 2 1 1., 2 2 1 1. 1., 2., 3., ( ) 4
66 2 2 3 5. 3, (PPL),,,
3 67. (PPL), FCC (FCC Sponsorship Disclosure Rule): 1950 Payola Laws FCC (ABC, NBC, CBS, FOX) TV (PPL), PPL (product) (TV ),, TV Payola laws(united States Code, Title 47, Section 317): 1950 PD (payola). ( ) ( ) (PPL) : ( ) PPL (1998 )
68, (PPL) ( Minnesota Settlement ) (PPL) : Communications Act Section 317, Section 507 (PPL) :. :,,,.. 2007 (PPL) : 29 ( 33.7% ), DVR product integration : PQ Media(http://www.pqmedia.com/reports.html) : 1980 (PPL),
3 69,. ( ),,,, EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive 2007. 2009 EU EU Directive, 2006 : 33.6 2007 : 43.8 ( ) 2/3 (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ) (2006 ) TV : 71.4%(24 )
70 : 26.4%( 885 ) : 2% : PQ Media(http://www.pqmedia.com/reports.html) : 34.5%(2007 ) : 33.7%(2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ) : 30%, 18 34 : PQ Media(http://www.pqmedia.com/reports.html)., : (PPL),,. :.. 74 :..
3 71 :.. :. :.,, HD
72 4 1 1. KOBACO 7) 4 1 KOBACO A 30% 1,500 2,000 500 B 5% 1,000 500 500 (A + B) 2,500 2,500 0 8) 7) Yang(2007) 8),
4 73, 0 0 4 1 30,000 패키지 A 단가 ( 천원 ) 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 시청률 (%) 현재가격시장가격현재가격추세선시장가격추세선 j,
74 j arg ( k, j k ) 3 1 KOBACO,, KADD, 2.
4 75 10% 12.2%, 10% 19.7% 6.8% 2007 1,433 80% 80% 10%, 20%, 30% 4 2 10% 1.7% 383 20% 3.4% 767 30% 6.8% 1,529
76 0.5%p, 1.0%p, 1.5%p 20% 4 3 0.5%p 5.7% 1,333 1.0%p 11.5% 2,665 1.5%p 17.2% 3,998 4 2 3. 20% 1%p 20%(1 ) 50%(2 ) 100%(3 ) 5
4 77 10%(1 ) 20%(2 ) 40%(3 ) 60%(4 ) 80%(5 ) 4 4 1 22,836 8.3% 23,168 9.9% 2 23,168 1.5% 24,185 4.4% 3 23,843 2.9% 25,939 7.3% 4 24,529 2.9% 5 25,229 2.9% 2 1. GDP ( 2 1 ) 5 11 2,907 GDP 0.82% 3 GDP 0.88% 5 12 1,740 5 3 3,401
78 GDP KISDI, 3% GDP (0.88% 0.90%), 4 5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ( : ) CAGR ( 09 13) 83,936 93,719 99,743 108,761 112,907 7.7% GDP 0.83% 0.85% 0.83% 0.84% 0.82% 89,335 99,471 105,688 116,231 121,740 8.0% GDP 0.88% 0.90% 0.88% 0.90% 0.88% 5,400 5,751 5,945 7,471 8,834 2. OECD 0.95% 5 13 1,424 5 7 1,037
4 79 4 6 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ( : ) CAGR ( 09 13) 83,936 93,719 99,743 108,761 112,907 7.7% GDP 0.83% 0.85% 0.83% 0.84% 0.82% 93,396 107,207 114,095 123,980 131,424 8.9% GDP 0.92% 0.97% 0.95% 0.96% 0.95% 9,460 13,488 14,352 15,220 18,517 3 1., KOBACO KOBACO, KOBACO 2.,
80 (media mix), (media mix): 14 15%, 15%, 9) 14% 10) TV TV, TV,,,,,, TV TV,, TV TV, 9) Lehman Brothers(2008). 10) (2008).
4 81 4 3 / 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Total W1019 W2029 W3039 W4049 W5059 W60+ M1019 M2029 M3039 M4049 M5059 M60+ TV CATV 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Total W1019 W2029 W3039 W4049 W5059 W60+ M1019 M2029 M3039 M4049 M5059 M60+ 인터넷일간지 :. W1019 10 19 TV, TV,, : HRC Telmar(2008).
82 3. KOBACO, KOBACO, KOBACO KOBACO 4., ( (2003), (2004), (2003) ) ( (2003) )
4 83 KOBACO,,,,,,, 5. KOBACO KOBACO 2 4 GDP : 1989 1% 1996 1.34% 2006 0.88% (2007) 1% 100 0.004%, 0.008%
84,, 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 4 4 GDP ( : %) 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 :, 2007 6. 2000 ( ), KOBACO
4 85, KOBACO 7. KOBACO,
86 5 TV TV KOBACO, TV TV TV KOBACO, KOBACO TV, (1), (2), (3), KOBACO KOBACO
5 87, 2007 4,,, HD
88,, AD Information, 2000. 4., TV, 49 6, 2005, pp.36 56.,, 03-02, 2003.,, 48 4, 2004, pp.323 397.,,, 2005., /,, 2003, 2003. 5. 28.,, 47 5, 2003, pp.222 250.,, KOBACO, 2007.,, KOBACO, 2008.,, 2008.,, 2007. 11. 14.,,, 2007.,,, 2004.
89,, KDI 2006-15, 2006., :, 15 1, 2004, pp.131 151.,,,, 2007. 12.,,, 2004.,, 4, 2005., 2007, 2007.,, 2004.,,, 2007. CPB, CPB Annual Report 2007., 2007, Newspapers AD Journal, 2008. 5. 6. HRC Telmar, 2008. Lehman Brothers, Internet Databook, 2008. 4. Li, S. S., Market Competition and the Media Performance of Taiwan s Cable Television Industry, Journal of Media Economics, January 2004. Newspapers AD Journal, 2008. 5. 6. Nilssen, T., and L. Sorgard, TV Advertising, Program Quality, and Product-Market Oligopoly, Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series No CPC00-012, 2000. Yang, M.J., Searching For Implicit Market Prices for Korean Broadcat Advertising Time: A Hedonic Approach, Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University, 2007.
90 1 73 ( ),.,. 1. : ( ) 2. : 1 3. : 4. : 5. :.
91. ( ).,. 59 ( ) 73 1 64 1. 73 2 ( ). 1.. ( ) 100 10...,,.
92. 4 4, 2 4, 1 20, 1 30, 5., 4, 4, 1 30, 3.. (. ), 4, 10, 4 1., 10, 10, 3 1.. 2, 10., ( ) 2, 10, 10. 2. ( ).,,, 10., 12 ( 120
93 100 15 15 ).. 45 60 (. ) 1, 60 90 2, 90 120 3, 120 150 4, 150 180 5, 180 6, 3, 1.,,.. 2, 5, 1 40., 4, 5, 1 40, 3 20.., 6, 10, 4 1., 10, 10 3 1. 3.. ( ).
94. 1 (. 1 ), 4 1( 3 1).. 2 (1 ) 10. 4. 3., 1.
95 2 1. 1980. 12. 31 :,,..,,.. 2. 1982. 12. 28 :. 3. 1989. 12. 30 :,.
96 ( ), ( ).,,. 4. 1990. 8. 1 :.., 3.,,.
97 5. 1993. 3. 6 :, 21.. ( ) 6. 1998. 2. 28 : ( 20 ),,, ( 22 35 ). ( 32 ), ( 34 ), ( 35 37 ).
98 7. 2000. 1. 12 :,. 8. 2007. 1. 3 : 6. 8 ( ) 1, 1, 3, 1... 8 ( ) 1, 1, 3, 6 1.... 9. 2008. 2. 29 :
99,,,. ( ). ( 30, 24 2 ),.
100 3 KOBACO KOBACO 1980. 12. 31 1982. 12. 28 1989. 12. 30 1990. 8. 1 1 ( ) 14 ( ) 1 ( ) 14 ( ) 1 ( ) 14 ( ) 1 ( ). 1. 2., 3. 4., 5.. 1. 2., 3. 4. 5., 6..
101 KOBACO 1990. 8. 1 1993. 3. 6 1998. 2. 28 2000. 1. 12 2007. 1. 3 2008. 2. 29 14 ( ) 1 ( ) 14 ( ) 1 ( ) 14 ( ) 1 ( ) 13 ( ) 1 ( ) 14 ( ) 1 ( ) 13 ( ) 1. 2. 5 ( 21 2 21 4) 3. 4. 1 3. 1. 2. 37 6 40 3. 4. 1 3
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