* (Continuing Bonds Scale: CBS) ( K-CBS),. 1 (293 ), 10, 52.59%. K-CBS (200 ), , K-CBS,, K-CBS.. K-CBS. K-CBS.,. * 2014 ( ) (NRF-2014S1A
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1 * (Continuing Bonds Scale: CBS) ( K-CBS),. 1 (293 ), 10, 52.59%. K-CBS (200 ), , K-CBS,, K-CBS.. K-CBS. K-CBS.,. * 2014 ( ) (NRF-2014S1A3A ). :,, (16499) 206 Tel : , wsgim@ajou.ac.kr
2 . (Baltes & Carstensen, 1996; Boerner & Heckhausen, 2003). (Boerner & Heckhausen, 2003). (continuing bonds), (Stroebe & Schut, 2005, p. 477).,. Freud(1917). Freud (work of mourning) (Field, 2008). (Kim & Jacobs, 1991; Raphael, 1983; Sanders, 1989; Volkan, 1981),. ( : Worden, 1982) 1).,,., Shuchter Zisook(1993) 13 63%, 47%, 49%, 65%. (Hagman, 1995, 2001; Klass, Silverman, & Nickman, 1996; Klass & Walter, 2001; Silverman, Nickman, & Worden, 1992). Klass Silverman, Nickman(1996) Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. 1) Worden(2003) Grief counseling and grief therapy 3.
3 ,. Klass (1996) (Boerner & Heckhausen, 2003; Stroebe & Schut, 2005). (Field, 2008; Field, Gao, & Paderna, 2005; Fraley & Shaver, 1999, Stroebe & Schut, 2005; Wortman & Silver, 2001). (transformation) (Boerner & Heckhausen, 2003; Field, 2008; Gaines, 1997; Hagman, 1995, 2001; Shuchter & Zisook, 1993; Stroebe & Schut, 2005). Bowlby(1980) (reorganization). Bowlby., (Fraley & Shaver, 1999).,, (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2008). Bowlby Rando (1993),,.. (Boelen, Stroebe, Schut, & Zijerveld, 2006; Bonanno, Notarius, Gunzerath, Keltner, & Horowitz, 1998; Currier, Irish, Neimeyer, & Foster, 2015; Field & Filanosky, 2010; Field & Friedrichs, 2004; Field, Gal-Oz, & Bonanno, 2003; Field, Nichols, Holen, & Horowitz, 1999; Neimeyer, Baldwin, & Gillies, 2006; M. Stroebe, Abakoumkin, Stroebe, & Schut, 2012). (Currier et al., 2015; Root & Exline, 2014)., Field Nichols, Holen, Horowitz(1999).,.
4 . Boelen Stroebe, Schut, Zijerveld(2006). Field Gal-Oz, Bonanno(2003) 5 2). (Field & Friedrichs, 2004). Neimeyer Baldwin, Gillies(2006) (meaning making). Field Filanosky(2010),, 2), Field (1999) ( ),,. Field (2003)... Currier Irish, Neimeyer, Foster(2015) Neimeyer (2006),. (Klass et al., 1996),., Field (1999) (Horowitz et al., 1997) 4(,,, ). Boelen (2006),, 3, Field Friedrichs(2004) 6,. Field Gal-Oz, Bonanno(2003) (Continuing Bonds Scale: CBS). Field
5 (1999) (: 13, : 26 ) CBS. CBS (Klass et al., 1996; Parkes, 1998; Shuchter & Zisook, 1993), 11, ( ), ( ), ( ), (,, ), ( ), (, ), ( ). 5 (1, 5 ),.87. Pearson, 5,. CBS. Field (2003) CBS, Neimeyer (2006) 2 506, CBS,.90.,. Field Filanosky(2010), 2.,,..,,. Field (2003) CBS,. CBS,....
6 . CBS (K-CBS). (, ) 293 ( 93, 200 ), (SD=17.84), (SD=17.18). 1. Field Gal-Oz, Bonanno(2003) (Continuing Bonds Scale: CBS) , 1 (%) 93 (31.7) 200 (68.3) (11.6) 21~30 88 (30.0) 31~40 35 (11.9) 41~50 34 (11.6) 51~60 61 (20.8) (14.0) 85 (29.0) 80 (27.3) 4 ( 1.4) 15 ( 5.1) 18 ( 6.1) (,, ) 88 (30.1) 3 ( 1.0) 160 (54.6) 128 (43.7) 5 ( 1.7) 138 (47.6) 30 (10.3) 34 (11.7) 3 ( 1.0) 71 (24.5) 14 ( 4.8) 3 ( 1.0) 6 30 (10.2) 1 38 (13.0) (41.6) 6 72 (24.6) 6 27 ( 9.2) 4 ( 1.4)
7 5 (1, 5 ' ),. (K-CBS) , K-CBS 11. KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure).917, Bartlett (sphericity) (df=55), p<.001. (principle axis factoring) (direct oblimin) (eigenvalue) 1 1. Scree (. ) %, ( 2). K-CBS, - (Cronbach's α). SPSS Statistics (Cronbachʹs α) ( 3) ,,.92.
8 6,. M(SD) 3.09 (1.20) (1.15) (1.14) (1.13) , (1.14) (1.14) (1.21) , (1.13) (1.31) (1.13) Eigenvalue ,. - Cronbach'α , ,
9 (%) 55 (27.5) 145 (72.5) (11.5) 2 (, ), 200 (: 55, 145 ) (SD=18.24), (SD=17.13) , , ~30 42 (21.0) 31~40 21 (10.5) 41~50 28 (14.0) 51~60 52 (26.0) (17.0) 39 (19.5) 67 (33.5) 5 ( 2.5) 11 ( 5.5) 34 (17.0) (,, ) 44 (22.0) 116 (58.0) 84 (42.0) 128 (64.0) 16 ( 8.0) 13 ( 6.5) 0 ( 0.0) 35 (17.5) 8 ( 4.0) 6 35 (17.5) 1 43 (21.5) 3 49 (24.5) 6 46 (23.0) 6 24 (12.0) 3 ( 1.5)
10 Faschingbauer Zisook, Devaul(1987) Texas Revised Inventory of Grief(TRIG) (2006)., 13,,,,. TRIG 5, (2006).91,.93. Radloff(1977) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) (1992) CES-D. 19, 4 (,,, ), 4. (1992).89,.90. Tedeschi Calhoun(1996) Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI),, (2009). 16, 4(,,, ), 6. (2009).94, K-CBS, K-CBS Pearson. K-CBS,, t, Kruskal-Wallis. AMOS 20.0, SPSS Statistics K-CBS (N=200). 10 (Standardized Regression Weights) (Squared Multiple Correlations: SMC),.50 p<.001
11 t (R 2 ) *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***.524 *** p < (. ) CFI TLI, CFI =.929, TLI = (, 2000 ), 3) 3) RMSEA.119 RMSEA. RMSEA SRMR = (Hu & Bentler, 1999) ( 6) (, 2000; Breikvik & Olsson, 2001; Kline, 2011). (2000) RMSEA (RMSEA>.10), CFI TLI (CFI, TLI>.90), RMSEA CFI TLI.
12 x 2 df TLI CFI SRMR 1(9) (10) TLI = Tucker-Lewis Index. CFI = Comparative Fit Index. SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. K-CBS (TRIG) (CES-D) Pearson. 7, r=.66, p<.01., r=.20, p<.01,, r=.24, p<.01,. (PTGI). 4, r=.38, p<.01,, r=.36, p<.01,, r=.41, p<.01,, r=.56, p<.01,. TRIG... (R 2 =.233) 2.6%, ΔR 2 =.026, p<.01,, β =.624, p<.001,, β = -.214, p<.001,, F=34.40, p<.001.,., ΔR 2 =.001, ns, β =.044, ns. K-CBS,,. (M=3.04, SD=0.97) (M=3.26, SD=0.98), t(198) = -1.46, p=.147. Kruskal- Wallis., x 2 (5) = 59.95, p<.001 ( 8),
13 ** **.48 ** **.50 **.94 ** a **.55 **.34 ** **.84 **.76 **.19 ** **.66 **.57 **.25 **.48 ** **.33 ** -.15 * ** * **.24 ** -.23 ** -.15 * -.28 ** -.17 * -.15 *.93 ** **.28 ** -.18 * ** *.92 **.80 ** **.30 ** **.68 **.69 ** **.45 ** **.59 **.57 **.46 ** * p <.05, ** p <.01 x (,, ) *** p < *** Tukey., (, ).,., F(3, 193) = 2.11, p= ) 4)? 1
14 () t 3.00 (1.01) ** p < (0.87) ( 9), (M=3.47, SD=0.87) (M=3.00, SD=1.01), t(192) = -3.45, p= ** Field (2003) (, ) K-CBS K-CBS. Field (2003) CBS 1 Neimeyer (2006), , (52.5%), 89 (44.5%) ( )..92 K-CBS. 2 K-CBS 200, K-CBS K-CBS K-CBS., CFI TLI, SRMR. Field (2003) CBS, Neimeyer (2006) 506.., K-CBS, (TRIG) (CES-D) K-CBS,
15 ., (PTGI).. Schut Stroebe, Boelen, Zijerveld(2006) TRIG CBS.. 2.6%,,.,. K-CBS TRIG.,. (Field & Filanosky, 2010)., (Parkes, 1993)., (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2001)....,.,.,,, K-CBS.,. Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey,,,.. K-CBS
16 . (,, ) (Bonanno & Kaltman, 1999).. (Parkes, 2010). (Boerner & Heckhausen, 2003).. K-CBS,.,,...,., Field Friedrich(2004). (Stroebe & Schut, 2005). (Currier et al., 2015; Field et al., 2005; Stroebe, Schut & Boerner, 2010). - (Field et al., 2005; Stroebe et al., 2010). -, (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2008) (Field et al., 2005). K-CBS, (Stroebe et al., 2012).,. (Rosenblatt, 2001),.,
17 (Root & Exline, 2014)....,.,.,..,,,., TRIG. (,. ),,, (Neimeyer & Hogan, 2001). CBS TRIG TRIG....,,, (2009).. (1) (2006).., (1992). CES-D 1. (1), (2000).. (1) Baltes, M. M. & Carstensen, L. L. (1996). The process of successful ageing. Ageing and Society, 16(4),
18 Boelen, P., Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Zijerveld, A. (2006). Continuing bonds and grief: A prospective analysis. Death Studies, 30, Boerner, K. & Heckhausen, J. (2003). To have and have not: Adaptive bereavement by transforming mental ties to the deceased. Death Studies, 27, Bonanno, G. A. & Kaltman, S. (1999). Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), Bonanno, G. A., Notarius, C. I., Gunzerath, L., Keltner, D., & Horowitz, M. J. (1998). Interpersonal ambivalence, perceived relationship adjustment, and conjugal loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(6), Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books. Calhoun, L. G. & Tedeschi, R. G. (2001). Posttraumatic growth: The positive lessons of loss. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Currier, J. M., Irish, J. E. F., Neimeyer, R. A., & Foster, J. D. (2015). Attachment, continuing bonds, and complicated grief following violent loss: Testing a moderated model. Death Studies, 39, Field, N. P. (2008). Whether to relinquish or maintain a bond with the deceased. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, H. Schut, & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Field, N. P. & Filanosky, C. (2010). Continuing bonds, risk factors for complicated grief, and adjustment to bereavement. Death Studies, 34, Field, N. P. & Friedrichs, M. (2004). Continuing bonds in coping with the death of a husband. Death Studies, 28, Field, N. P., Gal-Oz, E., & Bonanno, G. A. (2003). Continuing bonds and adjustment at 5 years after the death of a spouse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(1), Field, N. P., Gao, B., & Paderna, P. A. (2005). Continuing Bonds in Bereavement: An attachment theory based perspective. Death Studies, 29, Field, N. P., Nichols, C., Holen, A., & Horowitz, M. J. (1999). The relation of continuing attachment to adjustment in conjugal bereavement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(2), Fraley, R. C. & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Loss and Bereavement: Attachment theory and recent controversies concerning grief work and the nature of detachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp ). New York: Guilford. Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and Melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 14( ). On the history of the psychoanalytic movement, papers on metapsychology
19 and other works (pp ). London: The Hogarth Press. Gaines, R. (1997). Detachment and continuity. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 33(4), Hagman, G. (1995). Death of a selfobject: Toward a self psychology of the mourning process. In A. Goldberg(Ed.), Progress in self psychology, Vol. 11. The impact of new ideas. (pp ). Hillsdale NJ: Analytic Press. Hagman, G. (2001). Beyond decathexis: Toward a new psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of mourning. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Horowitz, M. J., Siegel, B., Holen, A., Bonanno, G. A., Milbrath, C., & Stinson, C. H. (1997). Diagnostic criteria for complicated grief disorder. American Journal of psychiatry, 154(7), Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling: A multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), Kim, K. & Jacobs, S. (1991). Pathological grief and its relationship to other psychiatric disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 21(4), Klass, D., Silverman, P. R., & Nickman, S. L. (Eds.). (1996). Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. Klass, D. & Walter, T. (2001). Processes of grieving: How bonds are continued. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (2008). An attachment perspective on bereavement. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, H. Schut, & W. Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Neimeyer, R. A., Baldwin, S. A., & Gillies, J. (2006). Continuing bonds and reconstructing meaning: Mitigating complications in bereavement. Death Studies, 30, Neimeyer, R. A. & Hogan, N. (2001). Quantitative or qualitative? Measurement issues in the study of grief. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Parkes, C. M. (1993). Bereavement as a psychosocial transition: Processes of adaptation to change. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research and intervention (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Parkes, C. M. (1998). Recovery from bereavement (3rd ed.). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
20 Parkes, C. M. & Prigerson, H. G. (2010). Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life (4th ed.). London: Penguin. Raphael, B. (1983). The anatomy of bereavement. New York: Basic Books. Rando, T. A. (1993). Treatment of complicated grief. Champaign, IL: Research Press. Root, B. L. & Exline, J. J. (2014). The role of continuing bonds in coping with grief: Overview and future directions. Death Studies, 38, 1-8. Rosenblatt, P. C. (2001). A social constructionist perspective on cultural differences in grief. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Sanders, C. M. (1989). Grief: The mourning after. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Schut, H. A. W., Stroebe, M., S., Boelen, P. A., & Zijerveld, A. M. (2006). Continuing relationships with the deceased: Disentangling bonds and grief. Death Studies, 30, Shuchter, S. R. & Zisook, S. (1993). The course of normal grief. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement: Theory, research and intervention (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Silverman, P. R., Nickman, S., & Worden, J. W. (1992). Detachment revisited: The child's reconstruction of a dead parent. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62(4), Stroebe, M. S., Abakoumkin, G., Stroebe, W., & Schut, H. (2012). Continuing bonds in adjustment to bereavement: Impact of abrupt versus gradual separation. Personal Relationships, 19(2), Stroebe, M. S. & Schut, H. (2005). To continue or relinquish bonds: A review of consequences for the bereaved. Death Studies, 29, Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Boerner, K. (2010). Continuing bonds in adaptation to bereavement: Toward theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), Volkan, V. D. (1981). Linking objects and linking phenomena. New York: International Universities Press. Wortman, C. B. & Silver, R. C. (2001). The myths of coping with loss revisited. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Worden, J. W. (1982). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. New York: Springer. Worden, J. W. (2003). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner (3rd ed.). Hove, New York: Brunner-Routledge. : : :
21 Validation of the Korean Version of the Continuing Bonds Scale Kyeyang Kim Jongwon Park Wan-Suk Gim Department of Psychology, Ajou University The present study aimed at examining the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Continuing Bonds Scale (K-CBS). In study 1, exploratory factor analysis was administered to 293 bereaved adults who had experienced the death of a loved one, and it revealed a single factor structure with 10 items that explained 52.59% of the total variance. The K-CBS showed good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of.92. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis in a different sample of 200 bereaved adults indicated satisfactory standardized regression weights of all items. However, one item had a squared multiple correlation less than.40, hence, this item was discarded, and 9 items remained for the final scale. The single factor model with 9 items displayed a good fit. The K-CBS had strong positive correlation with grief symptoms, and weak positive correlation with depression. After controlling for grief, however, the K-CBS was predictive of a decrease in depression. The K-CBS was positively associated with posttraumatic growth. In addition, significant differences in scores of the K-CBS were shown among groups based on the deceased's relation to the bereaved and expectedness of loss. These results suggest that the K-CBS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure continuing bonds. Finally, implications, limitations, and directions for future research were discussed. Key words : continuing bonds, bereavement, grief, reliability, validity
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기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를
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저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할
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Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의
RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on
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20 6( 64) pp.6181 2011.12 A Study on the Effect of Easiness to Use the Food Service Related Application of Smart Phone on Intentions of Use : Focused on the Mediation Effect of Familarity and Usefulness
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The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing
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Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.173-188 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.173,, * Relationships among Test Anxiety, Academic Burnout, Resilience, and
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The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze
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Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally
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한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -
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일본 기혼여성의 취업 및 취업형태 결정요인 성 혜 영 (국민연금연구원) 본 연구의 목적은 일본 기혼여성의 취업실태를 고찰하고 취업 여부에 영향을 미치는 요인과 상시 또는 파트타임과 같은 취업형태를 결정하는 요인을 일본 내 전국 수준의 조사 데이터를 활용해 실증적으로 검토해 보는데 있다. 일본 기혼여성취업의 특징은 파트타임 취업 비율이 특히 높다는 것이며 이에
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Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :
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간호학석사학위 청구논문 조기진통 임부의 입원 후 스트레스와 간호요구 변화 연구 Change of Stress and Nursing Needs after Admission in Preterm Labor 2007년 8월 인하대학교 대학원 간호학과(간호학전공 간호학전공) 김 민 경 간호학석사학위 청구논문 조기진통 임부의 입원 후 스트레스와 간호요구 변화 연구 Change
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: Parents Perception
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레이아웃 1
Aronson, K. J. (1997). Quality of life among persons with multiple sclerosis and their caregivers. Neurology, 48(1), 74-80. Blake, D. J., & Bodine, C. (2002). An overview of assistive technology for persons
Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ
Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract
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한국 출산력의 저하 요인에 관한 연구
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Disability & Employment 2011. 8. 제21권 제3호(통권 72호) pp.209~238 장애인의 직업재활을 위한 자기표현력 향상에 관한 집단미술치료 사례연구 임혜숙 서울사회복지대학원대학교 사회복지학과 교수 요 약 본 연구에서는 장애인의 직업재활동기를 강화시키고 지속시키는데 필요한 자기표현력 향상을 위한 집단미술치료의 영향에 관하여 사례연구를
Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]