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1

2

3 : (: ) : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) :

4 : i

5 (30*30) (30*30) 247 ii

6 1 UNES CO iii

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8 2, 133 3, 133 4(75 ) 135 5,, (30*30) 144 6,, (26*26) (30*30) (26*26) (30*30) (26*26) (30*30) (26*26) (30*30) (26*26) (30*30) (26*26) (30*30) (26*26) (30*30) (30*30) (26*26) (26*26) v

9 v i

10 1, v ii

11 1.. (n eeds ).,.,,. 2..,,.,..,,,,,.,,, 1

12 ANOVA Chi square.,,,, (Input/ Output Analy sis ).....,. (cultural econom ics ) 2

13 ,,,,,.. (quality of life) (am enities ),, (niche indu stry )..,...,, (soft infrastru cture).,,,,. 1. 3

14 . (68.4% )(55.8% ). (44.1% ) (24.3% ). 81.7%,, (31.3% ). (80.3% ), (44.5% ) (26.4% ) %, 32.8% %, 69.8%. 64.6% %,. 80%,. 4

15 90%,. 70%,. 40%, 20%...,.,, %, 13.6%, 8.2% %, 20.2%, 19.5%. 50% (56.9% ) 5

16 (20.1% ). (26.3% ). (53.8% ), 22.3%.. : 1.., / , ) , (2 ), (8 ), (9, 18, 26 6

17 ) (4 ), (6 ), (7 ), (10 ), (14 ) ) (0.0715), 6 (0.0559), 8 (0.0475), 9 (0.0406), 19 (0.0394) , 70, 56, 48, 46, ) (0.9213), 10 ( ), 12 (0.8397), 18 (0.7860), 19 7

18 (0.7570) , 2612.,,. 1,, ), 30(2 ; ), (8 ; ), (9 ; ), (18 ; )(26 ; ) ( ), 29 (0.5693), 26 (0.9332) 8

19 . 2613, ) 1,,,. 1..,,,, ) 9

20 1., ,648, 1,550. 1,060 3, ,812, 55%. 3 1 (: ) (A ) (B) B/ A (: ) (A ) (B) B/ A

21 3 ) IV 5 1 (: ) (A ) (B ) B/ A ),., , , , , ) 11

22 1, , , 300. IV 6 1 (: ) (A ) (B ) B/ A IV 7 1 (: ) (A ) (B ) B/ A

23 . 1) 0 nxl, , ,940 70% (IV 8 ). 59.6% 19,029, 1.5% 463, 1% 310, 0.7% 237, 0.4% 119.,,, , ,309, 112%, 57.7% 6 7, ) 30, 6,154, 69.2% % (77), 0.8% (49), 0.7% (43), 0.6% (35) , , % 1 3,

24 3 ). 89, % (66,216 ), (59.6% ), (69.2% ).. 1.3% (1,115 ), 1.1% (1,023 ), 0.4% (365 ) 0.4% (315 ) , ,875, 66.2% 215,059. IV 8:, (I) 59 30, , , , , , , , , , ,902, , , ,194, , , ,762, ,366, ,150, ,730, ,112, , ) 30 18,739 14

25 .1 6, % (11,117), 0.7% (115), 0.5% (83), 0.5% (83), 0.4% (70) ,092, 57.2% 2 5,773.,,,,. 5 ) ,739 3, % 2, % 2,692. IV 9: (II) 59 11, , , , ,111, , ,680, , ,577, , ,509, ,

26 ., 5 1,883, % 12.75%. 5, (1.47% ), (2.14% ), (6.49% ), 50.73%. W T O. IV 10 (A ) (B ) (A/ B ) 59 45,268 3,078, ,655,719 3,264, ,255 2,339, , ,316 2,039, ,883,558 17,835, % 53,154, ,965, % IV 11 ( ) ($ ) 1,883, ,951, , $ =800 T V , =15 ($/ ) T V =120($/ ) =9 ($/ ) 16

27 ,,,,, 5 1,883,558., T V,, 1 5 7, T V 1 9 6, 26 2., 5 15,951,833., T V, , T V 1 6, 221. V.,,,...,.. 17

28 IV,.,. (,,,, )..,,,,..,.,,. 18

29 I , 90,,.., ,.,..., (n eeds ). 19

30 %, %. 1) 73 91, 31% 25%23% 11%, 14%37%, 41.3%30.8% 36.8%53.0%. 2) (leisure ) (recreation )...,. 50,.., (t echn o n ation alism ) 1),, ).,,,. 1993, p

31 .. WT OGAT T. (innovation )..,.,,.,.,.,., 30%. 3).. 3).,, p

32 ,,,,,.,.,,..,.. 1.,,. 2.,,. 22

33 ,,.,,.,,,,,.,,,,.,.....,,,,,.., Video,. 23

34 ,,.,, ,,,, (quota sampling) 463.( 66.1%)., (bias ).,,,,. 24

35 . 5 ANOVA., Chi square..,,,, (Input/ Output Analy sis) (Interindustry Analysis) (I),(II)...,. 25

36 4..,,.. III. IV,,,,. V, VI. 26

37 II 1.. 1). 4),,,,.,..,,,,,. 5). 6) 4) ) ( ),,, 1989, p.71. 6) UNE S CO

38 ,...,,,,.,.,.,,,,,,.,.,,.,,,.,,.,.',,,, 1993, p

39 ... 2 ),,. 6.25, ) 60..,.,,. 7),, 1986 ;,,, 1993;,,,

40 .. 3 ),,..,.,. 8).,.,.. 8),,, 1994,. 30

41 ...,,. 9). 21..,.,... 1). 9),,, 1,,

42 (cultural economics ),,,.,,. (soft infrastructure). 19(Ruskin )20 (Keynes), (Kenneth Galbraith) T he Liberal Hour, (L. Robbins) (Lionel Robbins, 1963), (A. Peacock ) (Alan T. Peacock, 1969). (M. Blaug).(Mark Blaug, 1976). (Baumol & Bowen)Performing Arts: T he Economic Dilemma, , 1977 Journal of Cultural Economics,

43 ...,. C. Clark 3 (niche industry ).,.. (performing arts ). CAT V,.,,,,.,.,,. 2 ) ) 33

44 ,,. 10), (quality of life) (amenities). (needs), 11),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ().,. ),. 12), 10) ( ),,, 1991, pp ),,, 1978, p.49; ( ),,, 1980, p.25..,, 1993, p.99 12)..,,,

45 .,., 1,,,,,,,. ( ),, VOD, CAT V, UNESCO. ( ) ( ), ( ) ()..., Marc Porat. 13) 1,..,.,,.,. T V,,.,. 13) Marc U. Porat, D ef ining an I nf ormation I ndus try in the U.S. E conomy, Center for Inter disciplinary Research, Stanford Univer sity, 1975) 35

46 1, : ( ), (1),,

47 2. :.., :., :., :,,, R&D,,. 3,,. T V,,,. 1, 3...,.. ).,,. 14),,,, ().,,,,,... 14),., 1993, p.7. 37

48 ,... ) UNES CO UNESCO,.,,, T V,,,,,. 1 UNESCO 1. 2., T V , :UNESCO, Cultural I nd us tries : A Challeng e f or the F uture of Culture, 1982, ( ),,, 1987, p.52 38

49 ,,,,,,,., T V T V T V. UNESCO,,, (performing arts). UNESCO.,. 3 ) :...,,. (image up),,,. (input output analysis ). 39

50 2 :.,, 1993, P.137.,,,,,,,,. 40

51 . 1 2,,,,.....,... 1) ) () ()... 41

52 ...,,,.....,,,.,.... ) (globalization ) (regionalization )

53 ,. (glocalization ) ,

54 ... 2 ) ) ,

55 .....,.. 3 ). 15). 15) Alvin T offler, The Third Wave, New York, MacMillan,

56 ...,.,.. 16) hi touch ),,,

57 ..,,..... PC ) 47

58 . 17) (niche)..,. 4 17),,, 1990, p.20 48

59 ,,,.. 5. (),, (usew are),,,......,.,,....,...,. CD. 49

60 ..,.. T V. 5 50

61 ) ,,,,.,,,. 6 51

62 .. 6 ( ) ( ) 1: ).,.. 52

63 .... CD ROM..... (lean ).....,..... CD (Compact Disk ). CD 53

64 .,. CD. LP....,., :.. CD CDI. CDI. CDI 54

65 . ) 18 )......,,.,, ),,,

66 (high tech) (high touch)

67 , GNP $200 $6,000 $ 15, :. 57

68 25..,,..,.,, ,. 58

69 .,.,.., ,....,. 59

70 .,, (National Council on the Arts: NEA ),.,, 3,,,,, , 19).. 93, T V, ,,. 20) 19) (B CA )

71 21 (NII) ,,,,. CAT V,.,,,.,,., T V,,,,. T V T V,, T V, (VOD). 20) ,. 61

72 90(7 2 ) ) ,,,, % %, %, % , ),,, :, CM,

73 . (Maison de la Culture).,,,...., 50% (Center National de Cinematographie) ,,, 63

74 ,, T V20, , 150.., (1965 ), (1975), (1976), 98 (1985) ,,, %, 2/ 3. 64

75 . UR..., 22)., , 1.,,, )... 65

76 .,,,,.,. 1990, ,,,. 1992, 20%.,. 23) 23),,,

77 (Japan F oundation ),,,,, T V, ,, 130, , , ,. 1988,., 67

78 ' ', 92.. UR 5,., T V, T V, T V. 500, ,,,,. 68

79 ,..,,,..,, ,. 69

80 .. 5,,,,.,,,,.,,,.,.,,.,.,, 5. 5,,,, 70

81 .,,,, % 97 1% 3,000,.,,, 15,,,, DB, , 21., T V ,,, 21, 71

82 ,,,,. 4,. 94 8,.,,, ,... 72

83 ....,,,,... 1,. 24),,,.,. 24). 1946(A rts Council),. 73

84 . 3 1, 11/ 3 1/ 4..,..,,,. (NII) (GII). EU, , ( 4 ). 6.4:1 74

85 .., 932, % 1,900, 13.3% (40) (13) (476) (155) : 1) ( ) (). 2) :, < >, 1991, P.64. < 4> (A ) (B) A/ B :

86 , 8727% %, % , UIP CIC, 20,,, 5 70%, < 5> , 92 32%. 1,976, 11, 115, %. < 5> (: ) :

87 93,, % 87% %50%,.,,, % T V % %, % T V. 77

88 6 (:, %) () T V DBS CAT V :,, (:, %) '83 90 ' T V DBS CAT V :,,

89 8. (:, %) ( ) () T V CAT V ( ) 20.0( ) :,, %. 9 22,,,.,,,. 5,

90 na na na : Economist,

91 3..,,..,, %, % % , 631, 540,. 26%.. 5,339 4,722,. 81

92 %, 2%.. (region specific) ,466,756 14, ,851,126 14, ,313,725 17, ,416,710 20, ,172,929 29, ,532,362 40, ,800,523 54, ,059,629 47, ,464,429 52, ,228,376 66, ,669,933 87, ,382, , ,501, , ,050, , :,,

93 ...,. 25) (A ) (B) B/ A * , , ,440 4, , ,386 5, :,, ). 83

94 ,.,.., %, 15.2%. 84

95 (A ) (B) (C) (D) (E) PDI* * PDI 5 [PDI=(D+E) (A +B)] %, 11.3# % 26), 113., , ),

96 .,,.,... 27) PDI ). 86

97 .., % , %. 69.2% 54.0%15%, % 20, , 71.8%. 50%, 77.8% , % %, 18.1%, 18.1%, 9.1%, 87

98 ,. (54%),. 20 2/ 3, % %, 19.7%, %, 23.7%.. (35.7%), (73.1%), (36.0%), (31.1%) % 99, % , 14.2% 88

99 50.5% PDI %, 19.0%., %, 29.7%, %, 4.26%. 89

100 51.7%, 59.6% 33.8%, 35.1%. 28) , 44.0%..,. 6, ) %,, 38.4%. 90

101 ., 53.2%, 81.7% PDI %..,.? 8,.,,. 91

102 , , 30 (30.6%) %.. (24.5%), (26.7%), (23.6%), ( 26.4%), (24.4%). 28.6%, 23.8% ( 9 ). 92

103 71.1%, 4.3%., PDI ) 29),,, 1984:,?.,, 1989: pp.33 34:,,, 1989; Emile Durkheim, Suicide: A S tudy in S ociology, L ondon, A llen and Unwin, 1952; R obert M erton, S ocial T heory and S ocial S tructure, Glencoe, Fr ee Press,

104 ,. (anomie).., PDI

105 . 80.3% 10.2%..,, 99.,. 30)?. 11, 44.5%, 26.4%. 13.0%,.,, %, 28.6%, 31.0%. 30) , %. YMCA % ,

106 11 ( ) ,. 31.1%, 3.1%.,. 99, 96

107 ., PDI

108 .., 168 (36.3%)70 (15.1%), 127 (27.4%), 25 (5.4%). (=3.28: PDI=18.6%)..,,,..,,. 13 ( ) (%) PDI

109 % (=4.48, =0.81),.,. 14 ( ) (%) PDI %, 99

110 ( ) 16.1%85.9%...,. 15 ( )

111 %....,,.. 101

112 . 16 ( ) (%) PDI %

113 17 ( ) (%) PDI % %.. 103

114 .. 17%. 18 ( ) (%) PDI

115 , %

116 70%......,.. 40%, 20%. 60%.. 19 ( ) (%) PDI

117 20 ( ) (%) PDI ,.,. 107

118 ..., ( ) (%) PDI

119 ,,. ( 24 ). 22 ( ) (%) ,. 20%. 109

120 . 5 6%., ] ( ) (%) % ( 24 ).,

121 . 24 ( ) (%) PDI ( ) (%) PDI

122 . 70% ,,. 94( ).. UR,. 112

123 %, 13.6%. 8.2%, 7.1%, 1.8%., %. 26 ( ) (%) %, 20.2%. 19.5%.. 113

124 .. 31) 27 ( ) (%) ( 28 ),. 81.3%, ( 29 ). 50.0% 31).,,,. 114

125 , 25.3%.. 50, 30,,. 28 (%) PDI (%) PDI

126 71.4%.,,. 10.3%, 15.1% ,,, 99,,,. 30 ( ) (%)

127 %, 30,,. 20.1%. 40,,, 200.,. 31 ( ) (%) , 117

128 ..,. 64.6%, 12.4%.,. 50.,. 32 ( ) (%) PDI

129 .?.,,. 33.., %.,. 32).,,. 32)... 50%. 2/

130 ( ) (%)

131 : 1.. 1( ), 2 ( ), 3( ),.,,,,,,,,,,. /,.,.,,,.,. 121

132 (1993).... 1) (input/ output analysis)(interindustry Analysis ) (1 ) (Matrix ),,,,. n, 1. ( ),. (IIj ),,, (Vj ), (Xj ). ( ), 122

133 (IDi),, (Yi)., (M i) (GDP : Xi) @@ 123

134 ,... = + = + = (1) = + = (2) = (3) = + (4) n (1)(3) IDi = j = 1 Xij, Yi = Ci + Ii + Ei, IIj = n i =1 Xij (4) (5) (6). Xi = IDi + Yi M i (5) Xj = IIj + Vj (6) X = ; A d = ; Y d =, (1). (7),,,. A d X + Y d = X (7) 2 ) ) 124

135 .,,.,.,,. (Xij/ Xj ) 1(). ) (7) X (Leontief inverse matrix )(, I = 1 0 ). X = (I A d ) 1 Y d (8) (I A d ) 1., (output multiplier) (= i(i A) ).,. ) 125

136 .(I=L/ X).. (employed) (unpaid),.,. A k I, Li =, Xi = iili/ Xi, 0. = A k (I A ) 1 (9) ),., ,. A =,. 126

137 = A (I A ) 1 (10) ),,. A I,. = A i (I A ) 1 (11) ),. (forward linkage effect ).,.,. (backw ard linkage effect ),,. 127

138 2.. 1) 163 (159 ).. ( 405 ),,, (performing arts ).,. 2 ), (159 )(59 ), ( : 55 ), (149 ), (158 ).. 30,

139 3 ),,,.,, T V.,.,,,,.. 33),,,,,, (, )..,, (,,T V ), (,, ),,., (firmw are) ().,,,,,.,,,,. (, T V 33),, P

140 ), (, CD, ), (,, CD, ), (, ), ( ), (, )...,,,,,. (,,. ),. ( ), (,,,, ), ( ),, (, ). 4 ) , 75, 163, ,. 75, 75 (26)(55). (71)(157)(160) (158)(159),. (149 ) 130

141 ...,, % ( ) %, % , 6.0%, 1, % %,. (6.0%) (4.9%),.,. 131

142 1 (25) (75) (163) (405) * T V 282. VT R , ( ) ( ) 393. () ( ) ,,

143 2, () ( ) (). 3,078,595 3,264,031 2,339, ,403 2,039, , ,350 15,830 23,540 70, , , , , ,617 (A ) 11,492, ,290 2,322,755 (B) 416,965,100 9,401,520 79,690,214 (A/ B) :, 1990( ), ( ), , ( ) ( ) (). 17,540 22,569 1,871 84, , ,245 74, , , , , ,730 (A ) 126, ,256 2,496,951 (B) 2,118,247 11,356,078 58,251,064 (A/ B) *. 2. :,: 1 4,

144 3. 4. (20 )(13 ), (74 ), , 38, , 5, ,. 2 3.,. 14,. 20, 23, 60,. 21,

145 4(75 ) :, 1990( ), ( ),

146 4.. 1). 163 (159), 405 (349 ), (395 ),,, (396 ), (397 ), (398 ).,,.., 163 (149 )(147 ) (150 ) 25,.,, T V405. (data aggregation ) 136

147 ., (separable). 1. (59)(55;,,,, ), (149), (158), (159).,. 2 ) (),. (),..,. ( ),,, 137

148 , 1,... 1) , 1.87, 187%.., , (2.2861). (2.2295), (2.2162), (2.1760). (, : ) (2.1156)

149 .. (1.2257), (1.3138), (1.4362), (1.4602), (1.4652) ,,, , , ,. 2 ), 139

150 , , , , , , (0.0983), (0.1780), (0.1911), 1(0.2101), (0.2121) 5., ,

151 ,,,,,. 3 ),, , (0.0699), (0.0629), (0.0584), (0.0578),. 30 (0.0099), 29 (0.0174), 28 (0.0234), 27 (0.0235), 1 26 (0.0250). 5 6 (0.0559), 8 (0.0475), 9 (0.0460), 19 (0.0394). 141

152 , 10 72, 70, 56, 48, 46, 39, 10, 17, 23.,,., ) (),,, ( )., , (1.8647) (0.3419).,,, 1 (0.9567). (0.9562), (0.9332), 142

153 (0.9316), (0.9311). (0.3072), 1(0.5785), (0.5962), ( ), (0.6389)90. 6 (0.9213), 10 (0.8968), 12 (0.8397), 18 (0.7860), 19 (0.7570).,. 2630, , 26 (12 ),,,. 143

154 5,,, (30*30) _ _ _ _ 144

155 6,, (26*26) _ _ _ _ 145

156 5) * , (1.3648), 1 (1.2260), (1.1957), (1.1885) , (0.7046), (0.7702), (0.7831), (0.7858) (1.3648), 8 (1.1349), 9 (1.1326), 18 (0.9141), 26 (0.7858),.,,. 8 26*26 30*

157 26, , , , ,,,,.,,,.. 29 (0.5693), 26 (0.6178), 25 (0.7067), 22 (0.7512), 15 (0.9332).. 26* (30*30) 147

158 * _ _ * 8 (26*26) 148

159 * _ _ * 149

160 . 1 1) 1,,,. 1.,...,,. 2 ) 1., , , , 2.11, 1.46, 1.70., 150

161 1.83, 1.18, 1.50, 1.10, (0.22), (0.26), 1 (0.28), (0.32).,,,. 26, (2.1167) ,.. 151

162 9 1(30*30) (: ) (A) (B) B/A *

163 10 1(26*26) (: ) (A) (B) B/A *

164 3 ) 1.,,,,,.,,., 222, 4.44, 1.70, ,. 12,648, 1,550. 1,060, 3, , %,.. 154

165 11 1 (30*30) (A) (B) B/A *

166 12 1 (26*26) (A) (B) B/A *

167 4 ) 1.,,.,.,,,,,,, 1.., 16, , 1.83, , 0.22, 0.22., , 0.35, 0.51, ,,,.,

168 13 1 (30*30) (A ) (B) B/ A _ *

169 14 1 (26*26) (A ) (B) B/ A _ *

170 5) 1,,,,,, 1,.,, , ,.,, , 1.14, , , , ,

171 < 15> 1 (30*30) (A) (B) B/A _ *

172 < 16> 1 (26*26) (: ) (A) (B) B/A _ *

173 6) 1, 0.16 (0.13), (0.11 ), (0.11). (1.9 ), (2.9 ), (2.3 ),...,, 1,,. 5,,,., , ,

174 17 1 (30*30) (: ) (A) (B) B/A *

175 18 1 (26*26) (: ) (A) (B) B/A *

176 . 1),,,. 0 nx 1,,,.. 301,873, ,,,, ,542,049 ( 5) 25 0,,,,. 2 ) ) , ,94070% 166

177 . 59.6% 19,029, 7.8%, 4.5%, 3.0%, 2.4%. 1.5% 463, 1% 310, 0.7% 237, 0.4% 119.,,, , ,309, 112% % 6 7,629, 6.8% 7,919.8, 5.8% , 30, 26.. ) 30,.6, % 4,260, 4.8%, 4.7%, 1.8%, 1.6%. 1.3% 77, 0.8% 49, 0.7% 43, 167

178 0.6% , , % 1 3,667.7, 6.4% 1,348.4, 5% 1, ) , % 66, %, 69.2%,. 4.1%, 2.4%, 1.9%. 1.3% 1,115, 1.1% 1,023, 0.4% 365, 0.4% , , % 215,059, 33.8%5.4%, 4.2%. ) 3018,

179 .1 6, % 11, %, 3.0%, 2.6%, 2.4%., 0.7% 115, 0.5% 83, 0.5% 83, 0.4% , % 2 5,773, 42.8%6.7%, 5.3%, 4.7%. 26,,,.. ) ,739 3, % 2,422, 7.7%, 3.1% ,420, 4, % 2,692, 38.2%3,75.5, 5.2%

180 19 1(30*30) (:, %) 1 42, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,902, , , ,194, , , () 170

181 19 2(30*30) (:, %) 1 28, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,111, , ,680, ,

182 20 1(26*26) (:, %) ,011 28, , , , , ,345 69, ,551 75,990 68, ,226 9,749 66, ,393 68, , ,552 89, , , ,718 81, , ,277 7,217 12,465 55, ,650 76,482 5,493 12,627 16,882 12,979 11,597 16,048 1,713 8,945 19,088 17,743 57,107 50,050 26, ,844 48, ,797 26, , ,541 13,767 17,582 10, ,783 2,110 1,991 1,532 2, ,074 1,605 1,073 9,640 5,951 11,579 10,013 5, , ,762, ,366, ,150, ,730, ,112, , () 172

183 20 2(26*26) (:, %) 1 79, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,577, , ,509, ,

184 ,883, % % %, 2.14%, 6.49% %, 10.56% WT O. (IMD/ WEF ) ,.. 174

185 21 (A ) (A ) (A/ B) 59 45,268 3,078, ,655,719 3,264, ,255 2,339, , ,316 2,039, ,883,558 17,835, % 53,154, ,965, % 21 (1,883,556 ), T V, 22.,,,, 5 1,883,558,, T V,, 1 5 7, T V 1 9 6, 26 2., 5 15,951,833., T V, , T V 1 6 6, 221., 15,951,

186 . 5.,.. 22 ( ) ($ ) 1,883, , ,951, , $ =800 T V ,329.3 =15($/ ) T V =120($/ ) =9 ($/ ) 176

187 1..,.....,.,. 177

188 ,., (mutual benefit )..,.,.,..,.,..,.,,., 178

189 .,,,.,. V 1.,.....,

190 ,,. [ V 1], 180

191 ,. ( Corporate Identity, Corporate Image; CI).,,,,,,,,,. 34).,,. 1) 30,. GNP 50%.,,,,.. 34).,, p

192 ..,,,,,. (Michael Porter ),,,,. 35), (soft power )..,,, (consumer sovereignty )...,. 35) Michael E. Porter, The Comp etitive A dvantag e of N ations, T he Free Press, New York,

193 ,.,.,. 2 )....,. V 1,. V 1,,

194 .,. [ V 1] (:%), () :,(II),, 1994, p.71.,.,.. 184

195 [ V 2] (: %), :, (II),, 1994, p ).,. (public image up)

196 (Mecenat), (Maecenas),,..,. 19.,, 186

197 ,.,. V 3., ABSA ,. 4%. V 3 EU () (BCA) (ABSA ) (KBDI) (ADMICAL) (SSVK) (SVKP ) (CEREC) (ABSA ) (CBAC) (SACS )

198 .,,, 36)..,,.,.. V 4. 82%, 18%,,. 94.1%5.9%.,..,,,,. (35.2%). 36),,, p

199 . 14% 17%. 50%, 10%.,, 10%..,,,,,. V 4 (1990) (1991) (1990) , , , :.,,, p.297., 37) 47.6% 52.4%. 24.1%, 37),,, p

200 19.5%, 18.4%, 15.7%, 15.1%, 14.6%, 31.0%. 24.1%(,,, ) 44.7%, 13.2%,, 29.9%, 12.3%. V 5 : (%) 113 (42.8) 43 (16.3) 50 (18.9) 21 (8.0) 17 (6.4) 20 (7.6) 264(35.2) (100) 83 (66.4) 15 (12.0) 3 (2.4) 7 (5.6) 9 (7.2) 8 (6.4) 125(16.7) (100) 67 (51.9) 33 (25.6) 8 (6.2) 10 (7.8) 7 (5.4) 4 (3.1) 129(17.2) (100) 60 (48.4) 22 (17.7) 15 (12.1) 12 (9.7) 10 (8.1) 5 (4.0) 124(16.5) (100) 48 (44.4) 15 (13.9) 22 (20.4) 7 (6.5) 6 (5.6) 10 (9.3) 108(14.4) (100) 371 (49.5) 128 (17.1) 98 (13.1) 57 (7.6) 49 (6.5) 47 (6.3) 750(100) (100) :. Philanthropy and Society, 1993, p

201 . 1) (Korean Business Council for the Art ),..,..,.,,,,

202 ..,.,. 2 ), V 6,

203 , , , 9170%93 67% , 9 12, 6.4%. V 6 (:, ) (42.6) 39(27.7) 12(8.5) 6(4.3) 9(6.4) 1(0.7) 3(2.1) 3(2.1) 8(5.7) , (39.8) 44(27.3) 16(9.9) 10(6.2) 11(6.8) 1(0.6) 3(1.9) 3(1.9) 9(5.6) (37.6) 51(29.5) 18(10.4) 9(5.2) 12(6.9) 1(0.6) 4(2.3) 3(1.7) 10(5.8) ,082 4,546 1, (100.) 14, (100.) 2, (100.) 7,817 :, V 5,,,, 10% 193

204 .,., ,090. V 7, %.. V ,448 7,472 7,176 80,496 3, , ,333 8,422 7,920 6,100 5, ,778 11,200 19,476 40,914 13, , , , , :,,

205 .. (IMD/ WEF ) (24 OECD 17), 4129 (IMD/ WEF,1994:521). 500,.. V 8.,,,,..,,,., 195

206 . 3 )..,.. V 8.. :,,

207 ,. (green goods)..,.,

208 VI 1...,,,,...,,..., 198

209 .,.,.,,,, 26. 7, 6, 5, 12. 7, 13,. 11 7,309, 2 1,128, 32 4,800, 4 5,092, 4, ,,,,,.,,,. 199

210 .,. 2.. ( ) (public goods ).,,, (praxis ), (oikos)... (undersupply ) GNP 1%,.. (needs). 200

211 ..,, (, ),,,,,.,, (joint venture),,,,. 38),.,.,,,, ,. 38) Sreven Globerman, Cluture, Governm ents and M arkets : P ublic P olicy and the Culture I ndus tries, T he Fraser Insitute, 1987, p4. 201

212 ..,,.,,,,..,,. WT O Block,,.., (VOD),.,. (technology intensive) 202

213 .,, ( )....,.,.,...,.., 203

214 (intellectual property right )...,. (new IPR),,. 39) WT OGAT T. (transparency ) (streamlining).,. (entry and exit barrier ).,. 39) ( ),,,

215 ,.,,,..,,.. 40)...., 40),. 205

216 .,..,, ,., 206

217 ....,

218 ..,,.,,..,,, 0.5%.,,..,. 208

219 ..,., 45., ,. 209

220 .....,. (cultural openness ) 41 41, 41) WT O ) IMD/ WEF, World Comp etitiveness R ep ort 1994, p

221 ......,,...,.. 211

222 , < >,, ( ), < >,, 1987., <>,, 1993.,, < >,, 1993.,, < >, 2, 1992., <>,, 1991., < >,, 1990., < >,, ( ), < >,,, 1987., :, < >, 25:4, D., ( ), <2000 >,, D., ( ), <>,, ( ), <>,, ,, <>,, H, ( ), < >,, 1990., ( ), < >,, (), < >,, 1990.,, < >, 1, 1989.,, ( ), < >,, ( ), <?>,, 1993.,, < >, 2,

223 R. ( ), < >,, 1984., <>,, 1987.,,, ,, <>, 2,, 1993., <W>,, 1993., < >,, 1,, 1990, < >,, 1992., < >,, 1990, < >,, 1992.,, < >, 1988,. ( ), < >,, 1993., < >,, 1993.,, <>,, (), < >,, 1977., < >,, 1994.,, <>, 2,, 1986., :, < >, 25:4, N, ( ), <>,, 1980., (technopolis), < >, , < 1992 >, 1992., <>, 5, 6, , <>,., < >, 213

224 :, < 7 5 >, <>, 10, 1988., <>, 3, 1987., <>, 11, ( ), < >, , < >, 1,2,3,4, 1991., <>,., <>,, 1991, 1992., <. >, 1993., < 1990( ), ( ), ( )>, , < 5 >., 1992., < 21 >,, 1993.,, <>, 1993, 6.,, <>, 1993, 9 Blaug, Mark, The Economics of the Arts, London, Martin Robertson, Fullerton, D., "On Justification for Public Support of the Arts", J of Cultural Economics 15, Dec Globerman, Steven, Culture, Govnerments and M arkets : public Policy and the Culture I ndus tries, T he F raser Institute, Canada, Horowitz, H., "T he F ederal and State Partner ship in the Support of Culture in the U.S.A.", J of Cultural Economics 10, Dec Khakee, A., "The Rationale for Urban Goverment Action for Arts Funding", 214

225 J of Cultural Economics 12, Dec Mulcahy, Kevin & Richard Sw aim (eds.) P ublic P olicy and the A rts, Boulder, Colorado, Westview Pres s, Peacock, A., "Welfare Economics and Public Subsidies to the Arts", M anchester S chool E conom ics and S ocial S tudies, Dec. 1969, 37:4. Peacock, A., "Economics, Cultural Values, and Cultural Policies", J of Cultural E conom ics 15, Dec Robbins, Lionel, P olitics and E con om ics : P ap ers in P olitical E conom y, London, MacMillan, Scitovsky, T., "Culture is a Good T hing: A Welfare Economic Judgment", J of Cultural E conom ics 13, J une T hrosby, David, "T he Production and Consumption of the Art s A View of Cultural Economics", J of E conom ic L iterature, Vol.?215, West, E. G., "Goverment Grants to Nonprofit Firms: Still Searching for the Rationale", J of Cultural E conom ics 12, Dec IMD/ WEF, World Competitiveness 1994, Losanne, Switzerland, 1994., < Forum>, NT T,, 1993., <>, Journal, 5,, 1993., <>,,, , <Philanthropy and Society>, Diamond,, 1993., <>,,, , < >,,,

226 216

227 < >?,,...,., ( ) 217

228 . 1.? 2.? 3. 3?, 4., ? () ( ) 5?.,.,... 6.?.,, 7.,,, 8 7.?... () ( ) 8.,?,,, 10.,, 8. 9.? 218

229 10.? 11.? 12.? 13.? () ( ) 14.? ? ? ? 19.? ( ) 219

230 20.,? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? () ( ) ?, 35, 35., 37.,, ? 220

231 () ( ) 32.? () ( ) 33? 34.,.? 35.? ( ) 36.? ( ) () ( ) (.) 1. (, ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ). 221

232 < > F Pr F F Pr F

233 Chi Sq Prob A B C D E F Chi Sq Prob

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