: - Gi orgi, Col aizzi, Van Kaam - 1) 2 ) 3 ) 4 ) 5 ) 6 ) 7-1) 7-2 ) 7-3 ) 7-4). 1. 20 2. '',,, professional discipline practice science (, 1992).,. (, 1993). 1960,,. 1970, 1980 (, 1996; Oiler, 1980; Anderson, 1991).,,,,,,,,,,,.. 1) (bhkim @email.hanyang.ac.kr ) 2) (kjkim @mpjcm.ac.kr ) 3) (terese @unitel.co.kr ) 4) (hshwj @unitel.co.kr ) 5) (kjkphd@chameli.net ) 6) (jjribe@duc.ac.kr ) 7) - 1 ) dic416@edu- korea.net - 2 ) kyykyh @chollian.net - 3 ) erhw ang @hymail.hanyang.ac.kr - 4 ) heyoung @unitel.co.kr - 1208 -
296, (description),.,,,,. Colaizzi, Giorgi, Spiegelberg, Van kaam, Van Manen, Benner, Paterson Zderad,. Giorgi(1970), Colaizzi(1978), Van kaam (1969). 2. Giorgi(1970), Colaizzi(1978), Van Kaam (1969). II..., (unitary whole) (Oiler, 1982; Omery, 1983)., (, 1997).,,,.,, (, 1993).,. (phenomenology) (Omery, 1983)., (Edmund Husserl), (Martin Heidegger), (Jean- Paul Sartre), (Maurice Merleau- Ponty)(Cohen, 1987; Van Manen, 1990).., (Van Manen, 1990).., (descriptive). Davis (1978). 1970 1980.,.,,. (, 1991). - 1209 -
(, 1993).,.,,.,,.,, (, 1997)., (reflection), (intuiting), (bracking ), (seeing), (, 1993). (guiding principles)., (Parse et al, 1985). Boyd (1989). Spiegelberg Giorgi, Colaizzi, Van Kaam, Van Manen, Benner Paterson Zderad.. Giorgi, Colaizzi, Van Kaam, (Oiler, 1982 ; Omery, 1983).. 1. S (), (, 3),. 1 54 1, 20. 2 50 2 1 (; 27,, ; 25,, ; 20,) (53, ). 3 621 3, (). 1998 11,, 45-60. 2. Giorgi(1970), Colaizzi(1978), Van Kaam (1969). 1 9 Giorgi(1970), Colaizzi(1978), Van Kaam (1969). 1) Giorgi Giorgi., (identifying natural meaning unit)., (theme). (focal meaning ). (situated structural - 1210 -
296 description). (general structural description) (, 1993). 2) Colaizzi Colaizzi.. Colaizzi. (protocols)., (significant statement). (general restatement). (formulated meaning). (themes), (themeclusters), (categories). (exhaustive description) (, 1996). 3) Van Kaam Van Kaam (1969) Spiegelberg (1976)..., (raw data). (raw data) (subtheme), (theme) (category ).. (, 1992).. 1. Giorgi(1970),,, (1, 2, 3) 43,, < 1-1, 1-2, 1-3>. 1, 2, 3.,.,,..,.,.,,,, (),,,,,,,,. 2. Colaizzi(1978) (protocols) 43(significant statements). - 1211 -
(general restatement)< 2>21 (fomulated meaning ). 15 (themes), 1, 9 5 (theme clusters)-,,,,., (categories). (exhaustive description),,. 3. Van Kaam(1969) 43 (categories). (theme) (9), (6), (5), (2), (2). (9), (8), (2). 4. < 1> Giorgi < 1-1> 1() significant statements theme focal meaning 24. 24. 6-7. 20 54 24,.. 20... 54 54... 20. 54,. - 1212 -
296 43 (significant statements) (theme) (description of reporting ). Giorgi,. Giorgi, < 1-2> 2( ) significant statements theme focal meaning. 4.. 4....,......... - 1213 -
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Colaizzi. < 1-3> 3( ) significant statements theme focal meaning....... IMF IMF.... 1-1,1-2,1-3,..,,., ()..,..,,,,,.,,,,. - 1214 -
296, (formulated meaning ) (theme) (theme cluster) (category ),,, < 2> Colaizzi 24.. 4 IMF significant statements fomulated meaning theme theme cluster category.... 24....... 24. 24. 6-7.. 54 54, "....,........................ 20.................... - 1215 -
,. Colaizzi,. Van Kaam. < 3> Van Kaam Significant Statement Subtheme Theme Categories...,,.." "." ".".. "." "." "................ 20.... 24. 24.. 6-7 4.... 54. 54........ IMF....... (7) (2) (4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (2) (9) (4) (2) (2) (2) (9) (6) (5) (2) (2) (9) (8) (2) - 1216 -
296 (theme) (category) Colaizzi Colaizzi(theme) Van Kaam (subtheme) (theme) (category), (theme) Van Kaam Giorgi. Van Kaam (24), (19). (9), (6),(5),(2), (2), (8), (9), (2), Van Kaam.. Giorgi 1, 2, 3,,. (1)(2). (3) 3. Colaizzi,,,,. (theme) (theme cluster). Van Kaam 19, (9), (8), (2) 1, 3, 1. 9(9).. 8 (4), (2), (2).,. 1 (1). IMF.,,, Giorgi, Colaizzi. Giorge.,,,,,. (recognition in reality),,,. Colaizzi.. Van Kaam,,,. 9, (7), (2).. 5-1217 -
(2), (3). 3.,. 2 (2).,. 2 (2). 6 (4), (2).,, (naming process), (quality ).,. V. Giorgi(1970), Colaizzi(1978), Van Kaam (1969), S,, Giorgi(1970), Colaizzi(1978), Van Kaam (1969). Giorge,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. Colazzi,,,,. Van Kaam (24) (19). Giorgi, Colazzi, Van Kaam.. (1992).,.,, (1996). - -,, 26(3); 668-677 (1996).,, 26(2), 497-506. (1997).,.,,,, 8(2), 309-323.,, Ida Martinson (1992)., 22(4), 491-505 (1991).,. (1993)., :. - 1218 -
296 Anderson, J. M. (9991). T he Phen omenological Perspective, In J. M. M orse (Ed ), Qualitative Nursing research ; A contemporary dialogue, New York : SA GE pub. Benner, P. (1984). From Novice To Expert : Excellence and Power In Clinical Nursing Practice. Menlo Park, CA : Addison-Wesley. Boyd, C. O. (1989). Phenomen ological Research in Nursing : Commentary and Responces, N SQ, 2(1), 16-19 Cohen, M. Z. (1987). A Historical Overview of the Phenomenological M ovement, Im age : Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 19, 31-34. Colaizzi, F. U. (1978). P sychological reseach as the Phenomenogist View s It, in R. S. Valle, and M. King (Eds ), Existential- phenom enological Alternatives for P sychology, New York : Oxford University Press Davis, A. J. (1978). The Phenomenological Approch in Nursing Research, in N. Chaska (Ed), The Nursing Profession : View s through the mist, New York : McGrow -Hill Book Co. Giorgi, A. (1970). Psychology as a Hum an Science, New York : H arper & Row. Oiler, C. J. (1980). A Phenomenological Perspective in Nursing, Teachers Collage, Columbia University, Doctoral Dissertation. Oiler, C. J. (1982). T he Phenomenological Approach in Nursing. Research, Western J. of Nursing. Research, 31(3), 178-181. Omery, A. (1983). Phenomenology : A Method for Nursing Research, Advanced in Nursing Science, 5(2), 49-63. Parse, R. R., A. B. Coyne, and M. J. Smith. (1985). Nursing Reseach : Qualitative Method, Bowie : Brady Communications comp. Spiegelberg, H. (1976). The Phenomenological Movement, vol. I, II, The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff. V an Kaam, A. (1969). Existential F oundation s of P sychology, New York : Doubleday. Van Manen (1984). Doing Phenomenological Research and Writing : An Introduction, Alberta, BC, Canada : University of Alberta Publication Services Van Manen (1990). Researching Lived Experience, Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedalogy, London, Ontario : Althouse. -Abstract - Key concept : Phenomenological method A Compar ison of Phenomenological Resear ch Methodol ogy - Focused on Giorgi, Colaizz i, Van Kaam Met hods - K im, B oon Han 1 ) K im, K eum Ja 2 ) Park, In Sook 3 ) L ee, K eum Jae 4 ) K im, J in Kyung 5 ) H ong, J eong J u 6 ) Lee, M i Whang 7-1 ) K im, Young H ee 7-2 ) Yoo, In Y oung 7-3 ) T he purpose of this L ee, H ee Young 7-4 ) study w as to describe the differences in three phenomenological research methods used to understand the experience of families of patients w ith cancer and so provide as guideline to novices first attempting qu alitative research. The subjects were 3 family members - spouse, daughter, daughter-in-law - of cancer patients at S- hospital. Unstructured deep interviews were carried out and taped for further analyzed. Interviews were analyzed using three phenomenological methods ; Giorgi's, Colazzi's, and Van Kaam 's. 1) Professor in Nursing department at HanYang Univ. 2) Professor in The Margaret Pritchard Nursing College 3) Professor in Nursing department at Chungnam National Univ. 4) Professor in Nursing department at Kyung - Won College 5) Professor in Nursing department at Young Dong College 6) Professor in Nursing department at Dong- U College 7) Doctoral course in Nursing Department at HanYang Univ. - 1219 -
The results are as follow s. : The experience of family the an alyzed using Giorgi's method show ed different characteristics according to the family members ' role. According to Colaizzi's method, they experienced burden, a willingness to care, role conflict, thanks to family and significant others, and ambivalence about treatment. Using Van Kaam 's methodology, tw o categ ories w ere identified ; change of family function and burden. T hemes in change of family function w ere positive attitude(9), role conflict (6), negative attitude(5), active attitude (2), and passive attitude(2) ; T hemes in burden were emotional burden, physical burden, and economic burden. T he result from using Giorgi 's method w ere centered or individual characteristics and these results constituteds situational structured description and a general structured description. From Colaizzi's method the focus was on the comm on experience of all fo the subjects. In Van Kaam 's method, subthemes (13), themes(8), and categories(2) were identified. So researchers should choose the qualitative method according to their research goals and methodological characteristics. - 1220 -