The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2004, Vol. 16, No. 1, 37-51 *. 468., 2,,, 5 8 (octant scales) 40 (KIAS-40). 8.79.90 ( ).,. :,,, * 2003. :, 2, : 032-340-3469 E-mail : woonee@hanmail.net - 37 -
., Big Five. Guttman, Leary Wiggins, Plutchik Lorr (circumplex model) (Plutchik & Conte, 1997).,. Sullivan Leary(1957). -, -, (-).. (0),, (+). (Leary, 1957; Lorr & McNair, 1965; Wiggins, 1979; Kiesler, 1983). 1, Adjective Scale-R; IAS-R ), (1987; Kiesler & Schmidt, 1991; Schmidt, Wagner, & 8, 90 Kiesler, 1999) 8 8 (octants) PA( ), BC ( - ), DE( ), FG( - ), HI( ), JK( - ), LM( ), NO( - ) Villasenor, 1988) (Inventory of. Interpersonal. Wiggins (1991, 1994) (Interpersonal Kiesler (Impact Message Inventory-C), Horowitz (1979, 1988; Horowitz, Rosenberg, Baer, Ureno, & Problems) 8 (IIP-C; Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 1990).,,.. IIP-C BC 8 (, JK 8,,,,,, PA 90 BC NO 135 45 DE LM 180 0 FG JK 225 315 HI 270 1. - 38 -
/ 2002;, 2001a). 1983, 1996), -...,.. 3 Wiggins(1979). 16 128, (IAS).. 64. (IAS-R) (Wiggins, Trapnell, & Phillips, 1988)..,,, (Wiggins et al., 1989)., IAS-R,. (Levenson, 1995; Luborsky, 1984; Strupp & Binder, 1984). ( ). IAS-R., (,,, 2000),, (,. 2001b).,,,.., (Kiesler,. - 39 -
IAS 51, 163 214... 478.., 468 ( 160, 308 ),. 22.41 ( 3.54) 19 49..,,.,. IAS(Wiggins, 1979) 128.,.. - (1992) 785 (2000) 834.,.,, 8 5 (maximum - 40 -
/ liklihood). 315, 360, 45 ( 1 ), x 2 8, varimax.. 2 (communality, )..,,..,,,., -,.. ( ),,..,,,. PA,.,,, -.,,,,. DE,,,,. /. FG, (x ),. (rad) = arctan( / ) (vector leng th) = 2 + 2 8 5. /. BC,. BC /. ( ),,,. /. HI,,,,, /. JK, PA NO 8,,, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270,, /. LM - 41 -
,,, 1. 8, ( ),, / ( ). NO, 1. PA( / ) 4.94(1.37).89,,, 2. BC( / ) 3.95(1.41).85, /. 3. DE( / ) 3.87(1.24).79,,,. 8 4. FG( / ) 5. HI( / ) 6. JK( / ) 7. LM( / ) 8. NO( / 3.71(1.23) 4.24(1.54) 4.93(1.36) 5.79(1.11) 5.46(1.32).80.87.83.90.90 n=468,.79.90.. 0 8.. 1 8,. ( ), 2 2 8,. 3.19, 3.03 77.77% 2 ( 2 ). varimax, 2. 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. PA 1.00 2. BC.58 1.00 3. DE.12.69 1.00 4. FG -.47.13.50 1.00 5. HI -.78 -.40.09.63 1.00 6. JK -.49 -.68 -.43.12.58 1.00 7. LM.08 -.45 -.58 -.43 -.04.54 1.00 8. NO.49.00 -.33 -.64 -.48.01.60 1.00 n=468. - 42 -
/ 2. Scree 3.,. 2.65 2.14. 3 59.94%. 8 3,. 3. 3. 1. PA -.05.76 2. BC -.73.51 3. DE -.87.08 4. FG -.62 -.49 5. HI -.13 -.76 6. JK.48 -.54 7. LM.71.01 8. NO.49.44 n= 468. 2 varimax., Fisher(1983). 8.. (cosine),. Fisher(1983), 0 = 1- / 180 ( ). Fisher 0-43 -
4. 8 0 (1) (2) (1) - (2) cosine 0 1. PA 90.00 94.16-4.16.997.98 2. BC 135.00 144.93-9.93.997.94 3. DE 180.00 174.66 5.34.999.97 4. FG 225.00 218.44 6.56.993.96 5. HI 270.00 260.56 9.44.995.95 6. JK 315.00 311.73 3.27.999.98 7. LM.00.89 -.89.999.99 8. NO 45.00 42.30 2.70.996.98 5.28.996.97 0 1 0, 1. 4,. 97.1%.. Fisher, x 2 ( 1) = 2n cos 2 (n. 8),.. 5.285.996. x 2,, x 2 (1)= 3.966, p <.05., 8,,..... 8 (PA ), (BC ), (DE ), (FG ), (HI ), (JK ), (LM ), (NO ). - 44 -
/,.,,. ( Alden & Phillips, 1990; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991;. Gurtman, 1992),, (Alden & Capreol, 1993; Horowitz et al.,. 1988; Maling, Gurtman, & Howard, 1995; Piper, Azim, Joyce, McCallum, Nixon, & Segal, 1991), (Horowitz et al., 1988; Mohr, Beutler, Engle, Shohan-Solomon,. Bergan, Kaszniak, & Yost, 1990),,.....,. 8.,.,..,,..,, - 45 -
(2001b).. (1992).,., (2000). Fisher(1983). Alden, L. E., & Capreol, M. J. (1993). Avoidant. Alden, L. E., & Phillips, N. (1990). An interpersonal Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S., & Pincus, A. L. (1990).., (2000)...,,,,, Fisher, G. A. (1983, September). Coeff icients of (2002). : KIIP-C KIIP-PD. :, 21(2), 391-411.,, (2000). Gurtman, M. B. (1992). Trust, distrust, and (K-IIP) :. :, 12(1), 153-175. (2001a). Horowitz, L. M. (1979). On the cognitive structure., 10(1), 117-132.. :, 13(1), 193-216.. :, 11(1), 147-171.. :, 19(2), 63-99. personality disorder: Interpersonal problems as predictors of treatment response. Behavior Therapy, 24, 357-376. analysis of social anxiety and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 499-513. Construction of circumplex scales for the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3&4), 521-536. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244. agreement f or circular data. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Sociological Association. Detroit, MI. interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 989-1002. of interpersonal problems treated in - 46 -
/ psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 5-15. Horowitz, L. M. (1988). Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: Scoring procedures. Unpublished manuscript. Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E., Baer, B. A., Ureno, G., & Villasenor, V. S. (1988). Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: Psychometric properties and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 885-892. Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human transactions. Psychological Review, 90, 185-214. Kiesler, D. J. (1987). Research manual f or the Impact Message Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Kiesler, D. J. (1996). Contemporary interpersonal theory and research: Personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kiesler, D. J., & Schmidt, J. A. (1991). Octant scale version of the Impact Message Inventory: Form IIA. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden. Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. New York: Ronald Press. Levenson, H. (1995). Time-limited dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books. Lorr, M., & McNair, D. M. (1965). Expansion of the interpersonal behavior circle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 823-830. Luborsky, L. (1984). Principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books. Maling, M. S., Gurtman, M. B., & Howard, K. I. (1995). The response of interpersonal problems to varying doses of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 5, 63-75. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 622-628. Mohr, D. C., Beutler, L. E., Engle, D., Shohan- Solomon, V., Bergan, J., Kaszniak, A. W., & Yost, E. B. (1990). Identification of patients at risk for nonresponse and negative outcome in psychotherapy. Piper, W. E., Azim, H. F., Joyce, A. S., McCallum, M., Nixon, G. W., & Segal, P. S. (1991). Quality of object relations versus interpersonal functioning as predictors of therapeutic alliance and psychotherapy outcome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 432-438. Plutchik, R, & Conte, H. R. (1997). Introduction. In R. Plutchik & H. R. Conte (eds.), Circumplex models of personality and emotions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Schmidt, J. A., Wagner, C. C., & Kiesler, D. J. (1999). Psychometric and circumplex properties of the octant scale Impact Message Inventory (IMI-C): A structural evaluation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 325-334. Strupp, H. H., & Binder, J. L. (1984). Psychotherapy in a new key. New York: Basic Books. Wiggins, J. S. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms: The interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 395-412. Wiggins, J. S. (1991). The Interpersonal Adjective Scale(IAS) manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. Wiggins, J. S. (1994). Interpersonal Adj ective Scales: Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. Wiggins, J. S., Phillips, N., & Trapnell, P. (1989). - 47 -
Circular reasoning about interpersonal behavior: Evidence concerning some untested assumptions underlying classification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 296-305. Wiggins, J. S., Trapnell, P., & Phillips, N. (1988). Psychometric and geometric characteristics of the revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales(IAS-R). Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23, 517-530. : 2003. 12. 15 : 2004. 2. 2 : 2004. 2. 3-48 -
The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2004, Vol. 16, No. 1, 37-51 Construction of the Circumplex Scales for Korean Version of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales(KIAS-40) Nam-Woon Chung The Catholic University of Korea The aim of the present study is to construct a set of circumplex scales for Korean version of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales(KIAS-40). A sample of university undergraduates(n=468) was used for this purpose of the study. The item scores were intercorrelated and subjected to a factor analysis in which two familiar interpersonal factors (that is, Affiliation and Control) were extracted. The factor loadings, communalities, and thematic contents were used to select the best items for eight 5-item circumplex scales. Factor analyses of the scores for these eight scales resulted in a clear two-factor solution, accounting for 60% of the variance. A post hoc chi-square test developed by Fisher(1983) was used to evaluate the circumplex structure of the KIAS-40 in this sample. This test suggested a high degree of convergence between the empirical locations of the KIAS-40 scales and the locations predicted by circumplex theory. The implications and limitations of the study were discussed along with some suggestions for future researches and psychotherapy practice. Key Words : Interpersonal Adjective Scales(IAS), KIAS-40, circumplex model, affiliation, control - 49 -
(KIAS-40),,, ( ) 1) 2) 3) 4 ) 1. PA( / ) 4.74(1.71).80 87.11.83 5.01(1.56).76 90.98.82 4.64(1.66).64 109.34.77 5.05(1.54).73 86.94.75 5.26(1.75).72 91.40.71 2. BC( / ) 4.45(1.86).67 148.00.77 3.65(1.79).68 128.02.76 4.00(1.85).64 127.62.74 4.47(1.77).68 142.48.73 3.20(1.62).67 149.38.73 3. DE( / ) 4.24(1.74).57 166.01.68 3.56(1.64).61 168.64.68 3.60(1.62).64 176.92.62 3.53(1.67).59 176.46.59 4.41(1.74).46 184.65.57 4. FG( / ) 3.44(1.69).59 222.12.66 ( ) 4.03(1.77).57 225.33.60 3.45(1.62).66 229.88.60 4.00(1.64).57 221.53.60 3.64(1.58).50 232.22.57 1) n=468, 8 (1 8) 2) corrected item-total correlation 3) (x ) (degree) 4) - 50 -
/ ( ) 1) 2) 3) 4 ) 5. HI( / ) 4.21(1.76).74 264.95.77 4.36(1.91).67 275.31.76 3.99(1.99).69 260.29.75 4.60(1.99).70 267.04.73 4.06(1.78).71 268.39.73 6. JK( / ) 5.05(1.71).70 319.59.75 5.45(1.56).63 331.95.74 5.09(1.81).69 323.61.74 4.62(1.95).56 293.57.68 4.42(1.79).56 295.16.66 7. LM( / ) 5.65(1.37).78.43.80 5.91(1.25).75 3.52.79 5.90(1.24).76 7.90.75 5.52(1.37).74 6.53.73 5.95(1.30).73.39.71 8. NO( / ) 5.57(1.48).76 41.52.79 5.68(1.56).77 39.59.78 5.55(1.59).74 38.19.73 5.59(1.47).75 48.53.71 4.91(1.75).69 53.26.69 1) n=468, 8 (1 8) 2) corrected item-total correlation 3) (x ) (degree) 4) - 51 -