Disjunctive Distribution of Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Thermal Condition* Woo-seok, Kong** Jong-Hwan, Lim*** 350m 1,200m 6.6 Abstract Vaccinium vitis-idaea or lingonberry, a typical arctic-alpine plant, is common on the circumpolar regions and alpine belts of the Northern Hemisphere, and also occurs on the alpine and subalpine belts of the Korean Peninsula, including Mt. Sorak and Hongchon. Vaccinium vitis-idaea at the elevation of c. 350m a.s.l. of Hongchon is found on the wind hole area with cool summer, and mild winter. Vaccinium vitis-idaea at Hongchon is regarded as the glacial relict of the Pleistocene period, and shows a disjunctive distribution, along with the alpine and subalpine belts of the northern and central Korea since the Holocene period. Present vertical range of Vaccinium vitis-idaea between Mt. Sorak and Hongchon might indicates that the temperatures during the glacial epoch was colder than today, down to -6 to -7 C Vaccinium vitis-idaea at this fragile wind hole site could be endanger if current global warming trends continues, and anthropogenic activities become serious. : Vaccinium vitis-idaea, arctic-alpine plant, Mt. Sorak, Hongchon, disjunctive distribution, wind hole, glacial relict, global warming 2007 (This work was supported by the research grant of the Kyunghee University in 2007). (Professor, Department of Geography and Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyunghee University), wskong@khu.ac.kr (Senior Researcher, Department of Forest Environment, Korea Forest Research Institute), limjh@forest.go.kr 495
4 500 relict species endemic species 4 Pleistocene refugia Vaccinium vitisidaea L. 350m 2005 http://www. ecojournal.co.kr wind hole natural history 200m 2 1 10 15cm 2 1 2m 3 3 SP-2000 Veriteq Co., Canada 2005 8 21 2007 12 20 30 2006 8 5 2007 5 11 3 US FS 2008a http://plants. usda.gov USDA ARS 2008 ZipcodeZoo 2008 Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Tracheobionta Superdivision Spermatophyta Division Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida Dilleniidae Subclass Dilleniidae Order Ericales Family Ericaceae Vaccinioideae Subfamily Vaccinioideae Genus Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea Section Vitis-Idaea Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. 496
Dilleniidae 1 Vaccinium 858 450 51 92 Ericaceae http://ko.pandapedia.com/wiki) lingonberry, cowberry, foxberry, mountain cranberry, red whortleberry, lowbush cranberry, partridgeberry, redberry Oxycoccus Vaccinium subgenera 20 sections 2 Vitisidaea Vaccinium uliginosum Vaccinium http://www.nature. go.kr 13 4 3 1963 Vaccinium Oxycoccus Vaccinium Oxycoccus, Oxycoccoides Batodendron, Brachyceratium, Bracteata, Ciliata, Cinctosandra, Conchophyllum, Cyanococcus, Eococcus, Epigynium, Galeopetalum, Hemimyrtillus, Myrtillus, Neurodesia, Oarianthe, Oreades, Pachyanthum, Polycodium, Pyxothamnus, Vaccinium, Vitis-idaea Vaccinium bracteatum Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum Vaccinium japonicum Vaccinium japonicum var. ciliaris Vaccinium oldhamii Vaccinium oldhamii for. glaucinum Vaccinium oxycoccus Vaccinium oxycoccus subsp. microcarpus Vaccinium uliginosum Vaccinium uliginosum for. depressum Vaccinium uliginosum for. ellipticum Vaccinium uliginosum var. alpinum Vaccinium vitis-idaea 497
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