93 8 1994. 11
. 1994. 11.
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1 19 1. 19 2. 22 3. 24 4. 26 27 1. 27 2. 58 3. 81 84 1. 84 2. 97 3. 100 4. 112 : 12 1 1. 121 2. 128 i
3. 134 4. 136 177 1. 177 2. 186 198 1. 198 2. 200 2 12 217 222 1 240 2 (30*30) 244 3 (30*30) 247 ii
1 UNES CO 38 2 57 3 1 75 4 75 5 76 6 78 7 78 8 79 9 80 10 82 11 83 1 85 2 86 3 3 87 4 88 5 89 6 90 7 91 8 92 9 93 10. 94 iii
11 96 12 97 13 98 14 99 15 100 16 102 17 103 18 104 19 106 20 107 21 108 22 109 23 100 110 24 111 25 111 26 113 27 114 28 115 29 115 30 116 31 117 32 118 33 120 1 132 iv
2, 133 3, 133 4(75 ) 135 5,, (30*30) 144 6,, (26*26) 145 7 (30*30) 148 8 (26*26) 149 9 1(30*30) 152 10 1(26*26) 153 11 1 (30*30) 155 12 1 (26*26) 156 13 1 (30*30) 158 14 1 (26*26) 159 15 1 (30*30) 161 16 1 (26*26) 162 17 1 (30*30) 164 18 1 (26*26) 165 19 1(30*30) 170 19 2(30*30) 171 20 1(26*26) 172 20 2(26*26) 173 21 175 22 176 1 184 v
2 185 3 187 4 189 5 190 6 193 7 194 8 196 v i
1, 36 2 40 3 45 4 48 5 50 6 52 1 123 1 180 v ii
1.. (n eeds ).,.,,. 2..,,.,..,,,,,.,,, 1
.. 3... ANOVA Chi square.,,,, (Input/ Output Analy sis ).....,. (cultural econom ics ) 2
,,,,,.. (quality of life) (am enities ),, (niche indu stry )..,...,, (soft infrastru cture).,,,,. 1. 3
. (68.4% )(55.8% ). (44.1% ) (24.3% ). 81.7%,, (31.3% ). (80.3% ), (44.5% ) (26.4% ). 2.. 51.4%, 32.8%.. 88.4%, 69.8%. 64.6%. 3. 70%,. 80%,. 4
90%,. 70%,. 40%, 20%...,.,,... 4. 69.3%, 13.6%, 8.2%. 1 52.3%, 20.2%, 19.5%. 50% (56.9% ) 5
(20.1% ). (26.3% ). (53.8% ), 22.3%.. : 1.., /.. 30 5, 26 5. 2.. 1) 3 1.8647, 1 1.87.. 2.5448 (2 ), 2.1162 (8 ), 2.1156 (9, 18, 26 6
. 5 7. 1 2.12. 2 ) 300.3419 1 0.34.. 0.5023 (4 ), 0.4223 (6 ), 0.4198 (7 ), 0.3567 (10 ), 0.3284 (14 )5. 26 0.3812 6. 3 ) 30 0.041710 42. 1 (0.0715), 6 (0.0559), 8 (0.0475), 9 (0.0406), 19 (0.0394). 10 72, 70, 56, 48, 46, 39. 26 0.0586 5. 7 6. 4 ) 10.78. 6 (0.9213), 10 (0.8968 ), 12 (0.8397), 18 (0.7860), 19 7
(0.7570). 26 0.8136 0.7840. 10.81, 2612.,,. 1,, 59 55 149 158 159 2.1156 2.1162 2.5448 1.4652 1.7044 9 8 2 26 18 0.4198 0.3567 0.4223 0.5023 0.3284 7 10 6 4 14 0.0559 0.0715 0.0460 0.0394 0.0475 6 1 9 19 8 0.7860 0.7570 0.8397 0.9213 0.8968 18 19 12 6 10 1.8647 0.3419 0.0417 0.7841 2.1167 7 0.3812 6 0.0586 5 0.8136 12 1.8459 0.3302 0.0417 0.7840 5), 30(2 ; 1.3648), (8 ; 1.1349), (9 ; 1.1326), (18 ; 0.9141)(26 ; 0.7858). 26 7. ( ), 29 (0.5693), 26 (0.9332) 8
. 2613,. 2 59 55 149 158 159 1.1346 1.1349 1.3648 0.7858 0.9141 9 8 2 26 18 0.9332 0.6178 0.7067 0.7512 0.5693 15 26 25 22 29 1.8647 1.8647 1.1467 7 0.9662 13 1.8459 1.8459. 1 1) 1,,,. 1..,,,,. 26 122.03 89.64. 2 ) 9
1., 4.44.. 12,648, 1,550. 1,060 3,163. 26 1 3,812, 55%. 3 1 (: ) (A ) (B) B/ A 59 55 149 158 159 2.1156 2.1162 2.5448 1.4652 1.7044 105.87 100.80 101.76 106.31 101.54 105.69 110.82 152.72 40.21 68.90 211.56 211.62 254.48 146.52 170.44 1.00 1.10 1.50 0.38 0.68 2.1167 122.03 89.64 211.67 0.73 4 1 (: ) (A ) (B) B/ A 59 55 149 158 159 0.4198 0.3567 0.4223 0.5023 0.3284 26.48 18.49 7.76 43.95 22.73 15.50 17.18 34.47 6.28 10.11 41.98 35.67 42.23 50.23 32.84 0.59 0.93 4.44 0.14 0.44 0.3812 24.66 13.46 38.12 0.55 10
3 ) 1.. 1 0.69 3.91 5.67. 0.51. IV 5 1 (: ) (A ) (B ) B/ A 59 0.0559 3.49 2.10 5.59 0.60 55 0.0715 4.74 2.41 7.15 0.51 149 0.0460 0.69 3.91 4.60 5.67 158 0.0394 3.24 0.70 3.94 0.22 159 0.0475 3.53 1.22 4.75 0.35 0.0586 3.88 1.98 5.86 0.51 4 ),., 1 0.1531, 0.68664.5. 0.7454, 0.1759, 0.5933, 0.3035. 26 0.8136 1 0.8. 5 ) 11
1, 0.16. 26 1 786,. 1 786 486, 300. IV 6 1 (: ) (A ) (B ) B/ A 59 0.7860 39.47 39.13 78.60 0.99 55 0.7570 35.43 40.27 75.70 1.14 149 0.8397 15.31 68.66 83.97 4.48 158 0.9213 74.54 17.59 92.13 0.24 159 0.8968 59.33 30.35 89.68 0.51 0.8136 46.50 34.86 81.36 0.75 IV 7 1 (: ) (A ) (B ) B/ A 59 0.0507 1.57 3.50 5.07 2.23 55 0.0639 3.41 2.98 6.39 0.87 149 0.0553 1.63 3.90 5.59 2.39 158 0.0227 0.57 1.70 2.27 2.98 159 0.1603 12.93 3.10 16.03 0.24 0.0786 4.86 3.00 7.86 0.62 12
. 1) 0 nxl,. 30 1 8,739. 3 1,940 70% (IV 8 ). 59.6% 19,029, 1.5% 463, 1% 310, 0.7% 237, 0.4% 119.,,,. 26 5 5,420 11 7,309, 112%, 57.7% 6 7,629. 2 ) 30, 6,154, 69.2% 4.260. 1.3% (77), 0.8% (49), 0.7% (43), 0.6% (35). 26 5 5,420 26 2 1,128. 64.7% 1 3,667.7. 13
3 ). 89,034. 74.4% (66,216 ), (59.6% ), (69.2% ).. 1.3% (1,115 ), 1.1% (1,023 ), 0.4% (365 ) 0.4% (315 ). 265 5,420 324,875, 66.2% 215,059. IV 8:, (I) 59 30,994 1.0 7,752 1.3 1,023 1.1 55 23,731 0.7 4,352 0.7 1,115 1.3 149 46,341 1.5 3,536 0.6 315 0.4 158 11,906 0.4 4,922 0.8 363 0.4 159 1,902,762 59.6 426,028 69.2 66,216 74.4 3,194,060 100.0 615,390 100.0 89,034 100.0 6,762,856 57.7 1,366,773 64.7 2,150,599 66.2 11,730,943 100.0 2,112,803 100.0 324,875 100.0 4 ) 30 18,739 14
.1 6,805. 66.2% (11,117), 0.7% (115), 0.5% (83), 0.5% (83), 0.4% (70). 26 4 5,092, 57.2% 2 5,773.,,,,. 5 ) 30 1 8,739 3,004. 80.6% 2,422. 26 61.8% 2,692. IV 9: (II) 59 11,555 0.7 459 0.2 55 8,341 0.5 802 0.3 149 6,974 0.4 741 0.3 158 8,348 0.5 64 0.0 159 1,111,784 66.2 242,222 80.6 1,680,556 100.0 300,427 100.0 2,577,325 57.2 269,162 61.8 4,509,222 100.0 435,513 100.0 15
., 5 1,883,558 10.56% 12.75%. 5, (1.47% ), (2.14% ), (6.49% ), 50.73%. W T O. IV 10 (A ) (B ) (A/ B ) 59 45,268 3,078,595 1.47 55 1,655,719 3,264,031 50.73 149 50,255 2,339,366 2.14 158 0 771,403 0.00 159 132,316 2,039,370 6.49 1,883,558 17,835,391 10.56% 53,154,776 416,965,100 12.75% IV 11 ( ) ($ ) 1,883,558.0 2.354.4 15,951,833.0 19,939.8 1$ =800 T V 157.0 19.6 26.2 1,329.3 166.2 221.6 =15 ($/ ) T V =120($/ ) =9 ($/ ) 16
,,,,, 5 1,883,558., T V,, 1 5 7, T V 1 9 6, 26 2., 5 15,951,833., T V, 13 2 9, T V 1 6, 221. V.,,,...,.. 17
IV,.,. (,,,, )..,,,,..,.,,. 18
I 1. 240, 90,,..,........,.,..., (n eeds ). 19
.. 84 3.4%, 1993 4.8%. 1) 73 91, 31% 25%23% 11%, 14%37%, 41.3%30.8% 36.8%53.0%. 2) (leisure ) (recreation )...,. 50,.., (t echn o n ation alism ) 1),,1993. 2).,,,. 1993, p.100. 20
.. WT OGAT T. (innovation )..,.,,.,.,.,., 30%. 3).. 3).,, p.101. 21
,,,,,.,.,,..,.. 1.,,. 2.,,. 22
,,.,,.,,,,,.,,,,.,.....,,,,,.., Video,. 23
,,.,,.. 3..... 700,,,, (quota sampling) 463.( 66.1%)., (bias ).,,,,. 24
. 5 ANOVA., Chi square..,,,, (Input/ Output Analy sis) (Interindustry Analysis).. 1993 12 1990 (I),(II)...,. 25
4..,,.. III. IV,,,,. V, VI. 26
II 1.. 1). 4),,,,.,..,,,,,. 5). 6) 4)...... 5) ( ),,, 1989, p.71. 6) UNE S CO 1982 27
,...,,,,.,.,.,,,,,,.,.,,.,,,.,,.,.',,,, 1993, p.82. 28
... 2 ),,. 6.25,.. 20. 7) 60..,.,,. 7),, 1986 ;,,, 1993;,,, 1987. 29
.. 3 ),,..,.,. 8).,.,.. 8),,, 1994,. 30
...,,. 9). 21..,.,... 1). 9),,, 1,, 1993 31
(cultural economics ),,,.,,. (soft infrastructure). 19(Ruskin )20 (Keynes), 1960. (Kenneth Galbraith) T he Liberal Hour, 1960. (L. Robbins) (Lionel Robbins, 1963), (A. Peacock ) (Alan T. Peacock, 1969). (M. Blaug).(Mark Blaug, 1976). (Baumol & Bowen)Performing Arts: T he Economic Dilemma, 1966. 1973, 1977 Journal of Cultural Economics, 1979. 32
...,. C. Clark 3 (niche industry ).,.. (performing arts ). CAT V,.,,,,.,.,,. 2 ) ) 33
,,. 10), (quality of life) (amenities). (needs), 11),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ().,. ),. 12), 10) ( ),,, 1991, pp.93 94. 11),,, 1978, p.49; ( ),,, 1980, p.25..,, 1993, p.99 12)..,,, 1993. 34
.,., 1,,,,,,,. ( ),, VOD, CAT V, UNESCO. ( ) ( ), ( ) ()..., Marc Porat. 13) 1,..,.,,.,. T V,,.,. 13) Marc U. Porat, D ef ining an I nf ormation I ndus try in the U.S. E conomy, Center for Inter disciplinary Research, Stanford Univer sity, 1975) 35
1, : ( ), (1),, 1992. 36
2. :.., :., :., :,,, R&D,,. 3,,. T V,,,. 1, 3...,.. ).,,. 14),,,, ().,,,,,... 14),., 1993, p.7. 37
.. 94 12,... ) UNES CO UNESCO,.,,, T V,,,,,. 1 UNESCO 1. 2., 3. 4. 5.T V 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 01 02 03, 04 05 06 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 102 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 103 14 24 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 104 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 106 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 07 107 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 08 108 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 09 109 :UNESCO, Cultural I nd us tries : A Challeng e f or the F uture of Culture, 1982, ( ),,, 1987, p.52 38
,,,,,,,., T V T V T V. UNESCO,,, (performing arts). UNESCO.,. 3 ) :...,,. (image up),,,. (input output analysis ). 39
2 :.,, 1993, P.137.,,,,,,,,. 40
. 1 2,,,,.....,... 1) )...... () ()... 41
...,,,.....,,,.,.... ) (globalization ) (regionalization ).... 42
,. (glocalization )............,.... 43
... 2 ) ).......,. 3..... 44
.....,.. 3 ). 15). 15) Alvin T offler, The Third Wave, New York, MacMillan, 1980 45
...,.,.. 16)......... hi touch..... 16),,, 1992. 46
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. 17) 4.... (niche)..,. 4 17),,, 1990, p.20 48
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(high tech) (high touch)............ 15.. 1 5.. 56
,... 2 1GNP 1970 1990 2000 $200 $6,000 $ 15,000...... 3 :. 57
25..,,..,.,, 8. 2.... 1967,. 58
.,.,.., 21. 20,....,. 59
.,,.. 1965 (National Council on the Arts: NEA ),.,, 3,,,,, 14. 900 19931 9000., 19).. 93, T V, 130 89.,,. 20) 19). 1967 (B CA ) 6. 3. 60
21 (NII). 1993 12 21,,,,. CAT V,.,,,.,,., T V,,,,. T V T V,, T V, (VOD). 20) 1993 2,. 61
90(7 2 ) 840 2001. 21).. 1959,,,,. 1981.. 1960 0.5% 1982 0.75%, 1983 0.78%, 19860.96%. 1981 29 7 198369 9.. 4, 1960. 21),,, :, CM, 1994. 62
. (Maison de la Culture).,,,...., 50%... 1953 (Center National de Cinematographie) 80.. 1982 4,,, 63
,, 5.. 1993 T V20, 152101.. 1992 3 5, 150.., (1965 ), (1975), (1976), 98 (1985). 1994 6 30. 2 21,,,. 2. 60%, 2/ 3. 64
. UR..., 22)., 1977 2 32000 2, 1.,,,... 1968 22)... 65
.,,,,.,. 1990,... 1985,,,. 1992, 20%.,. 23) 23),,, 1994. 66
. 1972 50 (Japan F oundation ),,,,, T V,. 1991 185 2 3..,, 130,. 1992.,.. 1990 3 30500, 100 600,. 1988,., 67
1990 215' ', 92.. UR 5,., 1993 12 T V, T V, T V. 500,.. 1994 8 8,,,,. 68
. 1972 8 14..,..,,,..,, 1993 7 23 5.,. 69
.. 5,,,,.,,,,.,,,.,.,,.,.,, 5. 5,,,, 70
.,,,, 930.44% 97 1% 3,000,.,,, 15,,,, DB,.. 1994 4 18 206, 21., T V.. 94 3,,, 21, 71
,,,,. 4,. 94 8,.,,, 3. 1 2..,... 72
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. 3 1, 11/ 3 1/ 4..,..,,,. (NII) (GII). EU,.... 87, ( 4 ). 6.4:1 74
.., 932,190. 86.7% 1,900, 13.3% 290. 3 1 1 1990 1982 83 1983 1982 1983 84 1983 84 1983 84 8.4 32.0 32.0 27.0 10.0 (40) 35.0 3.0 (13) 100 381 381 321 119 (476) 471 34 (155) : 1) ( ) (). 2) 1 100. :, < >, 1991, P.64. < 4> (A ) (B) A/ B 1987 1988 1992 1993 99 176 318 417 89 87 96 65 1.1 2.2 3.3 6.4 : 1993 75
, 8727% 89 20.2%, 92 15.9%.. 16. 1. 93 581, 1870. UIP CIC, 20,,, 5 70%, < 5>. 4 88 2 36, 92 32%. 1,976, 11, 115, 25. 60%. < 5> (: ) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994.8 129 182 371 488 427 52 75 166 236 217 176 371 445 527 374 35 70 101 105 75 : 1993 76
93,, 1387 529. 92 420 26% 87%. 3 1. 21 245.. 30%50%,.,,,. 6198311.9% 1990 662 2000 T V. 198310% 1990 3 2000 6. 75%, 2000. 1 3 14% 2000 4 9. T V. 77
6 (:, %) 1983 1990 2000 83 90 90 2000 () T V DBS CAT V 1863 13404 100 10 1719 2425 3018 23000 149 190 100 1900 11000 2500 32500 13000 500 250 1.1 8.0 9.6 38.9 1.0 16.3 1.9 3.5 56.3 10.2 9.6 15377 30601 61650 10.1 7.3 :,, 1993. 11 7 (:, %) 1983 1990 2000 '83 90 '90 2000 T V DBS CAT V 4000 232 1131 17511 7240 23 5330 2865 8085 28045 21788 85 8100 4412 1471 33077 538 47692 231 4.2 43.2 32.4 7.0 17.0 19.9 4.3 4.9 7.2 1.7 8.1 10.6 30137 66198 105022 11.9 4.7 :,, 1993. 78
8. (:, %) 1990 1990 2000 (90 2000) () T V CAT V 1390 1300 2500 7900 2451 2885 4000 19000 1300 2000 2982 4646 4000 22026 10000 4976 7.9 13.6 9.8 10.8 50.4(95 2000) 20.0(95 2000) 13090 31636 48630 14.0 :,, 1993... 21 95%. 9 22,,,.,,,. 5, 20.. 79
9 1993 1983 1 134 129 86 93 442 6 2 98 150 962 108 438 2 3 88 157 69 110 424 11 4 90 150 90 92 422 7 5 103 140 98 74 415 5 6 135 132 80 64 411 4 7 89 119 105 97 410 3 8 99 95 107 93 403 8 9 83 107 107 93 390 9 10 115 113 78 82 388 na 11 89 141 82 69 381 1 12 63 109 91 114 377 na 13 69 138 90 54 371 12 14 69 123 89 80 329 10 15 61 113 91 91 356 15 16 101 59 89 80 329 13 17 95 77 80 67 319 14 18 102 78 58 60 298 na 19 72 84 71 57 284 16 20 75 84 67 49 275 17 21 64 29 54 81 228 20 22 78 45 51 53 227 22 : Economist, 1993.9. 80
3..,,..,,. 1980. 10 1980 1993. 1%, 19800.23%19930.41%. 19801 461993 1 600 5. 1993. 404, 631, 540,. 26%.. 5,339 4,722,. 81
.. 11 2%, 2%.. (region specific). 10 1980 6,466,756 14,590 0.23 1981 7,851,126 14,286 0.18 1982 9,313,725 17,463 0.19 1983 10,416,710 20,920 0.2 1984 11,172,929 29,183 0.26 1985 12,532,362 40,914 0.33 1986 13,800,523 54,026 0.39 1987 16,059,629 47,422 0.3 1988 17,464,429 52,935 0.3 1989 19,228,376 66,815 0.35 1990 24,669,933 87,434 0.35 1991 31,382,261 121,845 0.38 1992 33,501,729 143,691 0.42 1993 38,050,000 157,606 0.41 :,, 1980 1993. 82
...,. 25) 11 11 (A ) (B) B/ A *100 1986 1993 1986 1993 1986 1993 983 3,202 14 56 1.47 1.75 542 2,903 19 69 3.62 2.40 1,440 4,478 33 88 2.33 1.98 774 3,894 18 107 2.33 2.75 1,386 5,416 15 77 1.14 1.44 :,, 1994. 25). 83
,.,..,..... 55.8%, 15.2%. 84
(A ) (B) (C) (D) (E) 1 2 3 4 5 20 50 133 168 89 4.3 10.9 28.9 36.5 19.3 460 100.0 PDI* 3.56 1.06 40.6 * PDI 5 [PDI=(D+E) (A +B)]... 68.4%, 11.3#. 92 1334 448 34% 26), 113.,. 30 40, 50. 26), 1994 2 2 85
.,,.,... 27) 2 1 2 3 4 5 26 36 94 121 195 3.5 7.8 20.3 26.2 42.2 462 100.0 PDI 3.96 1.12 57.1. 27). 86
.., 130 92 10227%. 560 61 4514, 757 55. 33 252 170 59.72 40.28 422 100.00 59.7%. 69.2% 54.0%15%, 20503040. 3046.1% 20, 5069.4, 71.8%. 50%, 77.8%.. 99 2 1, 200 70%.. 3 39.4%, 18.1%, 18.1%, 9.1%, 87
,. (54%),. 20 2/ 3, 5013.6%. 4031.2%, 19.7%, 5029.0%, 23.7%.. (35.7%), (73.1%), (36.0%), (31.1%).. 61.3% 99, 200 30%. 4 46 46 23 100 13 26 18.1 18.1 9.1 39.4 5.1 10.2 254 100.00. 5, 14.2% 88
50.5%... 5 1 2 3 4 5 74 154 160 51 13 16.4 34.1 35.4 11.3 2.9 452 100.0 PDI 2.50 0.99 36.3 6. 50.5%, 19.0%.,. 9930.8%, 29.7%, 200 2991.7%, 4.26%. 89
51.7%, 59.6% 33.8%, 35.1%. 28) 30 150 199, 44.0%..,. 6, 109 47 28 60 3 44.1 19.0 11.3 24.3 1.2 247 100.0. 28) 1993 4 6 615. 80%,, 38.4%. 90
., 53.2%, 81.7%. 7 1 2 3 4 5 2 30 52 131 244 0.4 6.5 11.3 28.5 53.2 459 100.0 PDI 4.27 0.93 74.8 6.9%..,.? 8,.,,. 91
,. 20 30 40, 30 (30.6%). 50 27.8%.. (24.5%), (26.7%), (23.6%), ( 26.4%), (24.4%). 28.6%, 23.8%. 8 48 92 46 64 40 4 16.3 31.3 15.6 21.8 13.6 1.4 294 100.0.( 9 ). 92
71.1%, 4.3%.,. 9 1 1 0.2 2 19 4.1 3 26 5.6 4 88 19.0 5 328 71.0 462 100.0 4.56 0.80 PDI 86.7.. 29) 29),,, 1984:,?.,, 1989: pp.33 34:,,, 1989; Emile Durkheim, Suicide: A S tudy in S ociology, L ondon, A llen and Unwin, 1952; R obert M erton, S ocial T heory and S ocial S tructure, Glencoe, Fr ee Press, 1957 93
,. (anomie)..,... 10. 1 2 3 4 5 2 45 43 159 208 0.4 9.8 9.4 34.8 45.5 457 100.0 PDI 4.15 0.98 69.1 94
. 80.3% 10.2%..,, 99.,. 30)?. 11, 44.5%, 26.4%. 13.0%,.,,.. 38.1%, 28.6%, 31.0%. 30)... 1993 9, 10200 70%. YMCA58 1 1 3 50.6% 5 7 13., 1994. 10. 8 95
11 ( ) 43 59 202 120 30 9.5 13.0 44.5 26.4 6.6 454 100.0... 50.. 12,. 31.1%, 3.1%.,. 99, 96
.,. 12 1 2 3 4 5 14 92 73 133 141 3.1 20.3 16.1 29.4 31.1 453 100.0 PDI 3.65 1.20 37.1 2... 97
.., 168 (36.3%)70 (15.1%), 127 (27.4%), 25 (5.4%). (=3.28: PDI=18.6%)..,,,..,,. 13 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 25 127 73 168 70 5.4 27.4 15.8 36.3 15.1 463 100.0 PDI 3.28 1.18 18.6 98
. 14. 88.4% (=4.48, =0.81),.,. 14 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 2 14 37 117 289 0.4 3.1 8.1 25.5 62.9 459 100.0 PDI 4.48 0.81 84.9 15. 69.8%, 99
( ) 16.1%85.9%...,. 15 ( ). 74 321 27 34 4 16.1 69.8 5.9 7.4 0.9 460 100.0 3.. 100
...... 1670%....,,.. 101
. 16 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 15 57 88 197 103 3.3 12.4 19.1 42.8 62.4 460 100.0 PDI 3.68 1.05 29.5.. 17 80%... 102
17 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 121 230 97 14 0 26.2 49.8 21.0 3.0 0.0 462 100.0 PDI 2.00 0.77 52.00... 26%... 18 90%.. 103
.. 17%. 18 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 8 49 150 175 79 1.7 10.6 32.5 38.0 17.1 461 100.0 PDI 3.58 0.95 42.8..... 104
..........,. 19. 70%... 105
70%......,.. 40%, 20%. 60%.. 19 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 8 35 111 204 102 1.7 7.6 24.1 44.3 22.2 460 100.0 PDI 3.77 0.94 57.2 106
20 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 30 73 139 165 54 6.5 15.8 30.2 35.8 11.7 461 100.0 PDI 3.30 1.07 25.2..... 21.,.,. 107
...,.... 21 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 100 182 128 38 12 21.7 39.6 27.8 8.3 2.6 460 100.0 PDI 2.30 0.99 50.4.. 108
. 22...,,. ( 24 ). 22 ( ) (%) 32 269 3 30 81 10 7.5 63.3 0.7 7.1 19.1 2.4 425 100.0. 23.,. 20%. 109
. 5 6%., ] 23 100 ( ) (%) 5 5 10 11 15 16 20 20 25 88 76 94 175 5.5 19.2 16.6 20.5 38.2 458 100.0 70% ( 24 ).,..... 110
. 24 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 9 27 94 235 93 2.0 5.9 20.5 51.3 20.3 458 100.0 PDI 3.82 0.89 63.7 25 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 37 105 238 77 1.3 8.0 22.7 51.4 16.6 463 100.0 PDI 3.74 0.87 58.7 111
. 70%.. 7.. 4..,,. 94( ).. UR,. 112
.. 26 69.3%, 13.6%. 8.2%, 7.1%, 1.8%., 5059.7%. 26 ( ) (%) 37 8 32 311 61 8.2 1.8 7.1 69.3 13.6 449 100.0 52.3%, 20.2%. 19.5%.. 113
.. 31) 27 ( ) (%) 180 40.9 50 11.4 89 20.2 86 19.5 32 7.3 3 0.7 440 100.0 ( 28 ),. 81.3%,. 50.. ( 29 ). 50.0% 31).,,,. 114
, 25.3%.. 50, 30,,. 28 (%) 1 2 3 4 5 0 13 73 155 219 0.0 2.8 15.9 33.7 47.6 460 100.0 PDI 4.26 0.82 78.5 29 (%) 1 2 3 4 5 26 91 114 133 99 5.6 19.7 24.6 28.6 21.4 463 100.0 PDI 3.41 1.18 24.8 115
71.4%.,,. 10.3%, 15.1%. 20 30 40.. 40,,, 99,,,. 30 ( ) (%) 90 13 19 3 1 71.4 10.3 15.1 2.4 0.8 126 100.0 31 116
.. 56.9%, 30,,. 20.1%. 40,,, 200.,. 31 ( ) (%) 119 42 27 17 4 56.9 20.1 12.9 8.1 1.9 209 100.0., 117
..,. 64.6%, 12.4%.,. 50.,. 32 ( ) (%) 1 2 3 4 5 7 50 106 179 118 1.5 10.9 23.0 38.9 25.7 460 100.0 PDI 3.76 1.00 52.2 118
.?.,,. 33.., 95 10.9%.,. 32).,,. 32)... 50%. 2/ 3. 119
... 33 ( ) (%) 239 40 49 100 20 53.8 8.9 10.9 22.3 4.5 448 100.0 120
: 1.. 1( ), 2 ( ), 3( ),.,,,,,,,,,,. /,.,.,,,.,. 121
(1993).... 1) (input/ output analysis)(interindustry Analysis ) 1930. (1 ) (Matrix ),,,,. n, 1. ( ),. (IIj ),,, (Vj ), (Xj ). ( ), 122
(IDi),, (Yi)., (M i) (GDP : Xi).. 1123@@ 123
,... = + = + = (1) = + = (2) = (3) = + (4) n (1)(3) IDi = j = 1 Xij, Yi = Ci + Ii + Ei, IIj = n i =1 Xij (4) (5) (6). Xi = IDi + Yi M i (5) Xj = IIj + Vj (6) X = ; A d = ; Y d =, (1). (7),,,. A d X + Y d = X (7) 2 ) ) 124
.,,.,.,,. (Xij/ Xj ) 1(). ) (7) X (Leontief inverse matrix )(, I = 1 0 ). X = (I A d ) 1 Y d (8) (I A d ) 1., (output multiplier) (= i(i A) ).,. ) 125
.(I=L/ X).. (employed) (unpaid),.,. A k I, Li =, Xi = iili/ Xi, 0. = A k (I A ) 1 (9) ),.,. 1.. 1,. A =,. 126
= A (I A ) 1 (10) ),,. A I,. = A i (I A ) 1 (11) ),. (forward linkage effect ).,.,. (backw ard linkage effect ),,. 127
2.. 1) 163 (159 ).. ( 405 ),,, (performing arts ).,. 2 ), (159 )(59 ), ( : 55 ), (149 ), (158 ).. 30, 26. 128
3 ),,,.,, T V.,.,,,,.. 33),,,,,, (, )..,, (,,T V ), (,, ),,., (firmw are) ().,,,,,.,,,,. (, T V 33),, P.100. 129
), (, CD, ), (,, CD, ), (, ), ( ), (, )...,,,,,. (,,. ),. ( ), (,,,, ), ( ),, (, ). 4 ) 1993. 26, 75, 163, 405. 4.,. 75, 75 (26)(55). (71)(157)(160) (158)(159),. (149 ) 130
...,, 2 5 11 5 417 2.8% ( ). 5 36 5 940 3.9%, 2 3 2.9%.. 1991., 6.0%, 1,135.6 4.9% 55.1. 3 4.3%,. (6.0%) (4.9%),.,. 131
1 (25) (75) (163) (405) 1. 15. 11. 12. 13. 15. 18. 25. 19. 20. 22. 67. 24. 25. 1. 26. 47. 49. 52. 55. 61. 62. 63. 64. 69. 71. 6. 59. 102.. 103. 106. 112. 120. 160. * 11. 13. 143. 144. 145. 265. 266. 267. 281. T V 282. VT R 283. 296. 312. 313. 121. 314. 315. 316. 317. 131. 343. 132. 344. 133. 345. 134. 346. 135. 348. 142. 359. 360. 147. 370., 371. 149. 373. 150. 374... 152. 378 380. 153. 381 382. 157. 390.. 391. ( ) 158. 392. ( ) 393. () 159. 394. ( ) 395. 396.,, 397.. 398. 400. 402. 132
2, () ( ) (). 3,078,595 3,264,031 2,339,366 771,403 2,039,370 101,640 153,350 15,830 23,540 70,930 769,956 598,740 178,515 318,927 456,617 (A ) 11,492,765 365,290 2,322,755 (B) 416,965,100 9,401,520 79,690,214 (A/ B) 2.8 3.9 2.9 :, 1990( ), ( ),1993. 3, ( ) ( ) (). 17,540 22,569 1,871 84,897 139,581 143,245 74,576 193,854 850,948 656,736 386,537 602,730 (A ) 126,877 551,256 2,496,951 (B) 2,118,247 11,356,078 58,251,064 (A/ B) 6.0 4.9 4.3 *. 2. :,: 1 4,1991. 133
3. 4. (20 )(13 ), (74 ), 75.. 29, 38, 19... 2, 5,. 18 75,. 2 3.,. 14,. 20, 23, 60,. 21, 45... 134
4(75 ) 1. 2.. 7.. 8.. 16. 20. 21.. 22.. 25.. 34. 37. 38.. 42.. 1 44. 45. 47.. 49. 50. 53. 56. 59.. 61. 62.. 63.. 64. 65.. 66. 68. 69.. 70. 72. 73. 75. 26.. 55. 71. 1.332 2.460 1.000 1.788 1.796 2.414 2.230 2.218 1.972 1.190 2.099 1.729 2.522 2.258 2.068 1.885 1.971 1.853 2.166 1.520 1.993 1.519 1.600 1.587 1.228 1.569 1.433 1.737 1.246 1.797 1.595 2.786 4.059 68 6 75 49 48 7 12 16 28 73 21 51 5 10 23 38 29 44 19 62 26 63 55 57 70 60 66 50 69 47 56 4 1 0.951 0.789 0.000 0.882 0.862 0.687 0.609 0.622 0.629 0.234 0.652 0.756 0.637 0.716 0.703 0.550 0.641 0.634 0.761 0.783 0.844 0.932 0.912 0.749 0.931 0.954 0.966 0.829 0.963 0.894 0.931 0.659 0.675 5 30 75 18 20 42 59 58 57 74 50 35 53 39 41 63 51 54 34 31 21 7 12 26 8 4 1 24 2 16 9 48 44 0.021 0.043 0.000 0.057 0.028 0.067 0.080 0.068 0.034 0.005 0.039 0.056 0.028 0.046 0.042 0.040 0.039 0.043 0.037 0.016 0.043 0.038 0.134 0.045 0.024 0.047 0.017 0.061 0.066 0.060 0.070 0.044 0.073 67 36 75 15 59 9 45 7 55 74 46 16 60 29 39 43 49 34 53 69 37 50 1 31 63 28 68 30 11 10 6 32 4 0.696 1.286 0.523 0.935 0.939 1.262 1.165 1.049 1.031 0.622 1.097 0.904 1.318 1.180 1.081 0.985 1.030 0.968 1.149 0.794 1.042 0.794 0.836 0.830 0.642 0.820 0.750 1.908 0.651 1.940 0.834 1.456 2.122 69 8 75 51 50 9 15 26 30 74 22 53 7 12 24 42 31 47 18 63 28 64 54 58 71 61 67 3 70 2 57 6 1 1.912 1.089 0.533 0.898 0.566 0.553 0.741 0.837 0.913 1.865 1.18 0.814 1.743 1.088 1.002 0.61 0.578 0.542 1.11 1.775 1.001 2.717 0.967 1.597 0.928 2.726 1.313 0.522 0.598 0.582 0.682 0.711 0.553 6 22 72 26 67 69 49 40 25 7 16 42 11 23 20 59 66 71 17 11 31 2 33 12 34 1 14 74 63 64 55 52 68 2.143 20 0.794 29 0.056 18 1.120 20 1.093 21 1.089 74 0.740 38 0.071 5 1.092 23 0.789 45 2.228 13 0.880 19 0.107 2 1.165 14 0.609 60 :, 1990( ), ( ),1993. 135
4.. 1). 163 (159), 405 (349 ), (395 ),,, (396 ), (397 ), (398 ).,,.., 163 (149 )(147 ) (150 ) 25,.,, T V405. (data aggregation ) 136
., (separable). 1. (59)(55;,,,, ), (149), (158), (159).,. 2 ) (),. (),..,. (5 30 26),,, 137
, 1,... 1).. 1. 1. 1. 5 1.8647. 1, 1.87, 187%.., 2.9739, 2.5448. 1 (2.2861). (2.2295), (2.2162), (2.1760). (, : 2.1162) (2.1156)89. 138
.. (1.2257), (1.3138), (1.4362), (1.4602), (1.4652) 30 26.. 5.,,, 1.7044 30 18, 1.4652 26.. 526 6 30. 267. 1 2.12,. 30 5 26.,. 2 ), 139
... 30 0.3419. 10.34.. 0.7498, 0.6476, 0.5550, 0.5023, 0.4228. 60.4223, 70.4198.. 0.3567 10, 0.3284 14. (0.0983), (0.1780), (0.1911), 1(0.2101), (0.2121) 5.,. 5. 26 30, 0.3302. 0.3812 266. 140
1 0.38.,,,,,. 3 ),,... 300.041710 42. 10.0715, (0.0699), (0.0629), (0.0584), (0.0578),. 30 (0.0099), 29 (0.0174), 28 (0.0234), 27 (0.0235), 1 26 (0.0250). 5 6 (0.0559), 8 (0.0475), 9 (0.0460), 19 (0.0394). 141
, 10 72, 70, 56, 48, 46, 39, 10, 17, 23.,,.,. 260.05865. 7 6.. 4 ) (),,, ( ).,.. 1 0.78., (1.8647) (0.3419).,,, 1 (0.9567). (0.9562), (0.9332), 142
(0.9316), (0.9311). (0.3072), 1(0.5785), (0.5962), (0.0.6255), (0.6389)90. 6 (0.9213), 10 (0.8968), 12 (0.8397), 18 (0.7860), 19 (0.7570).,. 2630, 0.8136. 10.81, 26 (12 ),,,. 143
5,,, (30*30) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 1.5992 1.5794 2.1687 2.2162 1.8662 1.9750 1.3138 1.9050 2.2861 2.2295 2.0416 1.9390 1.9612 2.1760 1.5652 1.9642 1.5234 1.5942 1.2257 1.5596 1.4602 1.7364 1.4362 1.6976 2.9739 20 22 7 5 16 11 29 15 3 4 10 14 13 6 23 12 25 21 30 24 27 17 28 19 1 0.1780 0.3434 0.2121 0.3407 0.2708 0.2547 0.0983 0.3423 0.2101 0.3217 0.3141 0.2757 0.3260 0.3013 0.1911 0.4113 0.2537 0.3782 0.3273 0.5550 0.2130 0.6476 0.7498 0.4228 0.2896 29 11 26 13 22 23 30 12 27 17 18 21 16 19 28 8 24 9 15 3 25 2 1 5 20 0.0266 0.0418 0.0343 0.0699 0.0402 0.0338 0.0099 0.0450 0.0250 0.0444 0.0406 0.0396 0.0498 0.0368 0.0174 0.0347 0.0375 0.0446 0.0234 0.0444 0.0235 0.0584 0.0629 0.0578 0.0426 25 15 23 2 17 24 30 10 26 12 16 18 7 21 29 22 20 11 28 12 27 4 3 5 14 0.9198 0.9157 0.8266 0.6525 0.5962 0.6389 0.3072 0.8009 0.5785 0.7089 0.6773 0.6255 0.6821 0.7370 0.7856 0.8452 0.9311 0.7557 0.9316 0.9562 0.9567 0.8296 0.9332 0.9200 0.8105 8 9 14 25 28 26 30 15 29 22 24 27 23 21 17 11 5 20 4 2 1 13 3 7 16 59 55 149 158 159 2.1156 2.1162 2.5448 1.4652 1.7044 9 8 2 26 18 0.4198 0.3567 0.4223 0.5023 0.3284 7 10 6 4 14 0.0559 0.0715 0.0460 0.0394 0.0475 6 1 9 19 8 0.7860 0.7570 0.8397 0.9213 0.8968 18 19 12 6 10 1.8647 _ 0.3419 _ 0.0417 _ 0.7841 _ 144
6,, (26*26) 1 1.5972 17 0.1777 25 0.0271 22 0.9197 7 2 1.5772 19 0.3429 8 0.0425 13 0.9153 8 3 2.1615 6 0.2114 22 0.0353 19 0.8264 11 4 2.2103 4 0.3399 10 0.0710 1 0.6523 21 5 1.8600 14 0.2698 18 0.0412 15 0.5956 24 6 1.9611 9 0.2529 20 0.0351 20 0.6379 22 7 1.3121 25 0.0980 26 0.0102 26 0.3070 26 8 1.9007 13 0.3415 9 0.0459 8 0.8002 14 9 1 2.2838 2 0.2095 23 0.0257 23 0.5779 25 10 2.2260 3 0.3210 13 0.0455 10 0.7085 18 11 2.0378 8 0.3135 14 0.0417 14 0.6770 20 12 1.9337 12 0.2749 17 0.0407 16 0.6251 23 13 1.9545 11 0.3251 12 0.0512 6 0.6817 19 14 2.1714 5 0.3006 15 0.0378 17 0.7366 17 16 1.5459 21 0.1815 24 0.0170 25 0.7738 15 17 1.9610 10 0.4108 5 0.0357 18 0.8450 9 18 1.5205 22 0.2531 19 0.0427 12 0.9310 5 19 1.5913 18 0.3782 7 0.0459 8 0.7555 16 20 1.2238 26 0.3270 11 0.0341 21 0.9315 4 21 1.5537 20 0.5538 3 0.0469 7 0.9562 2 22 1.4585 23 0.2125 21 0.0252 24 0.9566 1 23 1.7346 15 0.6469 2 0.0600 4 0.8300 10 24 1.4340 24 0.7491 1 0.0637 2 0.9332 3 25 1.6935 16 0.4220 4 0.0602 3 0.9199 6 26 2.9722 1 0.2902 16 0.0439 11 0.8115 13 2.1167 7 0.3812 6 0.0586 5 0.8136 12 1.8459 _ 0.3302 _ 0.0417 _ 0.784 _ 145
5)..... 7 30*30 1.5949, (1.3648), 1 (1.2260), (1.1957), (1.1885). 0.6573, (0.7046), (0.7702), (0.7831), (0.7858)5... 2 (1.3648), 8 (1.1349), 9 (1.1326), 18 (0.9141), 26 (0.7858),.,,. 8 26*26 30*30. 1.14677. 5 146
26,. 1 2.0166. 21.8219, 31.3438, 4 1.3434, 5 1.3432..,,,,.,,,.. 29 (0.5693), 26 (0.6178), 25 (0.7067), 22 (0.7512), 15 (0.9332).. 26*26 0.966213... 7 (30*30) 147
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.8576 0.8470 1.1631 1.1885 1.0008 1.0592 0.7046 1.0217 1.2260 1.1957 1.0949 1.0398 1.0518 1.1669 0.8394 1.0534 0.8170 0.8549 0.6573 0.8364 0.7831 0.9312 0.7702 0.9104 1.5949 20 22 7 5 16 11 29 15 3 4 10 14 13 6 23 12 25 21 30 24 27 17 28 19 1 1.2809 0.7481 1.3438 1.0390 1.3251 1.8219 1.0484 0.8599 2.0166 0.7623 0.8960 0.9854 0.6082 0.9195 1.1052 0.8050 1.3434 0.9654 0.7442 1.3092 1.3432 0.5363 0.5987 0.8131 1.2030 8 23 3 12 6 2 11 18 1 21 17 13 27 16 10 20 4 14 24 7 5 30 28 19 9 59 55 149 158 159 1.1346 1.1349 1.3648 0.7858 0.9141 9 8 2 26 18 0.9332 0.6178 0.7067 0.7512 0.5693 15 26 25 22 29 * 1.8647 _ 1.8647 _ * 8 (26*26) 148
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.8653 0.8544 1.171 1.1974 1.0076 1.0624 0.7108 1.0297 1.2372 1.2060 1.1040 1.0476 1.0588 1.1763 0.8375 1.0624 0.8236 0.8621 0.6630 0.8417 0.7901 0.9397 0.7769 0.9174 1.6102 17 20 6 4 14 10 26 13 2 3 8 12 11 5 22 9 23 19 18 21 24 15 25 16 1 1.2502 0.7473 1.2849 0.9739 1.0593 1.6456 1.0161 0.8507 1.9763 0.7509 0.8845 0.9575 0.6109 0.9035 1.0366 0.7866 1.2408 0.9160 0.7038 1.2238 1.2115 0.5417 0.5877 0.7901 1.0837 4 22 3 12 9 2 11 18 1 21 17 14 21 16 10 20 5 15 23 6 7 26 25 19 8 1.1467 7 0.9662 13 * 1.8459 _ 1.8459 _ * 149
. 1 1) 1,,,. 1.,...,,. 2 ) 1., 2.97 2.54, 1 2.28, 2.23. 2.11, 2.11, 1.46, 1.70., 150
1.83, 1.18, 1.50, 1.10, 1.00.. 1. (0.22), (0.26), 1 (0.28), (0.32).,,,. 26, 30. 26 (2.1167). 122.03 89.64. 0.73,.. 151
9 1(30*30) (: ) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 1.5992 1.5794 2.1687 2.2162 1.8662 1.9750 1.3138 1.9050 2.2861 2.2295 2.0416 1.9390 1.9612 2.1760 1.5652 1.9642 1.5234 1.5942 1.2257 1.5596 1.4602 1.7364 1.4362 1.6976 2.9739 115.40 100.45 116.85 149.39 128.78 135.42 104.63 113.61 177.94 105.27 114.33 123.00 105.10 127.97 118.19 101.32 103.75 106.45 100.66 110.59 103.78 100.00 100.27 102.02 105.10 44.52 57.49 100.02 72.23 57.84 62.08 26.75 76.88 50.67 117.65 89.83 70.90 91.02 89.63 38.33 95.10 48.59 52.97 21.91 45.37 42.24 73.64 43.35 67.64 192.29 159.92 157.94 216.87 221.62 186.62 197.50 131.38 190.50 228.61 222.95 204.16 193.90 196.12 217.60 156.52 196.42 152.34 159.42 122.57 155.96 146.02 173.64 143.62 169.76 297.39 0.39 0.57 0.86 0.48 0.45 0.46 0.26 0.68 0.28 1.18 0.79 0.58 0.87 0.70 0.32 0.94 0.47 0.50 0.22 0.41 0.41 0.74 0.43 0.66 1.83 59 55 149 158 159 2.1156 2.1162 2.5448 1.4652 1.7044 105.87 100.80 101.76 106.31 101.54 105.69 110.82 152.72 40.21 68.90 211.56 211.62 254.48 146.52 170.44 1.00 1.10 1.50 0.38 0.68 * 100. 152
10 1(26*26) (: ) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 1.5972 1.5772 2.1615 2.2103 1.8600 1.9611 1.3121 1.9007 2.2838 2.2260 2.0378 1.9337 1.9545 2.1714 1.5459 1.9610 1.5203 1.5913 1.2238 1.5537 1.4585 1.7346 1.4340 1.6535 2.9722 115.40 100.45 116.86 149.40 128.67 135.40 104.63 113.62 177.95 105.28 114.34 123.01 105.10 127.97 118.16 101.32 103.74 106.44 100.65 110.60 103.78 100.00 100.25 102.02 105.13 44.32 57.27 99.29 71.63 57.33 60.71 26.58 76.45 50.43 117.32 89.54 70.36 90.35 89.17 36.43 94.78 48.29 52.69 21.73 44.77 42.07 73.46 43.15 67.33 192.09 159.72 157.72 216.15 221.03 186.00 196.11 131.21 190.07 228.38 222.60 203.78 193.37 195.45 217.14 154.59 196.10 152.03 159.13 122.38 155.37 145.85 173.46 143.40 169.35 297.22 0.38 0.57 0.85 0.48 0.45 0.45 0.25 0.67 0.28 1.11 0.78 0.57 0.86 0.70 0.31 0.94 0.47 0.50 0.22 0.40 0.41 0.73 0.43 0.66 1.83 2.1167 122.03 89.64 211.67 0.73 * 100. 153
3 ) 1.,,,,,.,,., 222, 4.44, 1.70, 1.19. 1. 0.93,. 12,648, 1,550. 1,060, 3,163. 260.38121 3,812. 55%,.. 154
11 1 (30*30) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.1780 0.3434 0.2121 0.3407 0.2708 0.2547 0.0983 0.3423 0.2101 0.3217 0.3141 0.2757 0.3267 0.3013 0.1911 0.4113 0.2537 0.3787 0.3273 0.5550 0.2130 0.6476 0.7498 0.4228 0.2896 11.81 25.34 7.85 22.45 17.18 15.22 4.48 20.60 12.38 17.98 19.22 16.84 18.47 17.16 11.67 26.13 17.03 30.35 29.20 48.85 12.36 53.14 68.88 32.65 0.13 5.99 8.50 13.36 11.62 9.90 10.25 5.35 13.63 8.63 14.19 12.19 10.73 14.13 12.97 7.44 15.00 8.34 7.52 3.53 6.65 8.94 11.62 6.10 9.63 28.83 17.80 34.34 21.21 34.07 27.08 25.47 9.83 34.23 21.01 32.17 31.41 27.57 32.60 30.13 19.11 41.13 25.37 37.87 32.73 55.50 21.30 64.76 74.98 42.28 28.96 0.51 0.33 1.70 0.52 0.58 0.67 1.19 0.66 0.70 0.79 0.63 0.64 0.77 0.76 0.64 0.57 0.49 0.25 0.12 0.14 0.72 0.22 0.09 0.29 221.77 59 55 149 158 159 0.4198 0.3567 0.4223 0.5023 0.3284 26.48 18.49 7.76 43.95 22.73 15.50 17.18 34.47 6.28 10.11 41.98 35.67 42.23 50.23 32.84 0.59 0.93 4.44 0.14 0.44 *100. 155
12 1 (26*26) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.1777 0.3429 0.2114 0.3399 0.2698 0.2529 0.0980 0.3415 0.2095 0.3210 0.3135 0.2749 0.3251 0.3006 0.1815 0.4108 0.2531 0.3782 0.3270 0.5538 0.2125 0.6469 0.7491 0.4220 0.2902 11.81 25.84 7.85 22.45 17.16 15.22 4.48 20.60 12.39 17.98 19.22 16.84 18.47 17.16 11.66 26.13 17.02 30.35 29.20 48.82 12.36 53.14 68.86 32.65 0.13 5.96 8.45 13.29 11.54 9.82 10.07 5.32 13.55 8.56 14.12 12.13 10.65 14.04 12.90 6.49 14.95 8.29 7.47 3.50 6.53 8.89 11.55 6.05 9.55 28.89 17.77 34.29 21.14 33.99 26.98 25.29 9.80 34.15 20.95 32.10 31.35 27.49 32.51 30.06 18.15 41.08 25.31 37.82 32.70 55.38 21.25 64.69 74.91 42.20 29.02 0.50 0.33 1.69 0.51 0.57 0.66 1.19 0.66 0.69 0.79 0.63 0.63 0.76 0.75 0.56 0.57 0.49 0.25 0.12 0.13 0.72 0.22 0.09 0.29 222.23 0.3812 24.66 13.46 38.12 0.55 *100. 156
4 ) 1.,,.,.,,,,,,, 1.., 16,900 3.915.67. 3.4, 1.83, 1.2. 0.14, 0.22, 0.22.,. 1 6. 0.6, 0.35, 0.51, 0.22. 5.86,,,., 0.51. 157
13 1 (30*30) (A ) (B) B/ A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.0266 0.0418 0.0343 0.0699 0.0402 0.0338 0.0099 0.0450 0.0250 0.0444 0.0406 0.0396 0.0498 0.0368 0.0174 0.0347 0.0375 0.0446 0.0234 0.0444 0.0235 0.0584 0.0629 0.0578 0.0426 1.86 3.18 1.60 5.60 2.86 2.18 0.35 2.91 1.55 2.76 2.54 2.63 3.22 2.06 0.98 1.58 2.87 3.61 1.92 3.63 1.53 4.45 5.53 4.67 0.00 0.80 1.00 1.83 1.39 1.16 1.20 0.64 1.59 0.95 1.68 1.52 1.33 1.76 1.62 0.76 1.89 0.88 0.85 0.42 0.81 0.82 1.39 0.76 1.11 4.26 2.66 4.18 3.43 6.99 4.02 3.38 0.99 4.50 2.50 4.44 4.06 3.96 4.98 3.68 1.74 3.47 3.75 4.46 2.34 4.44 2.35 5.84 6.29 5.78 4.26 0.43 0.31 1.14 0.25 0.41 0.55 1.83 0.55 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.51 0.55 0.79 0.78 1.20 0.31 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.54 0.31 0.14 0.24 _ 59 55 149 158 159 0.0559 0.0715 0.0460 0.0394 0.0475 3.49 4.74 0.69 3.24 3.53 2.10 2.41 3.91 0.70 1.22 5.59 7.15 4.60 3.94 4.75 0.60 0.51 5.67 0.22 0.35 *100. 158
14 1 (26*26) (A ) (B) B/ A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.0271 0.0425 0.0353 0.0710 0.0412 0.0351 0.0102 0.0459 0.0257 0.0455 0.0417 0.0407 0.0512 0.0378 0.0170 0.0357 0.0427 0.0459 0.0234 0.0469 0.0252 0.0600 0.0637 0.0602 0.0439 1.86 3.18 1.60 5.60 2.86 2.18 0.35 2.91 1.55 2.76 2.54 2.63 3.22 2.06 0.98 1.58 2.87 3.61 1.92 3.63 1.53 4.45 5.52 4.67 0.00 0.85 1.07 1.93 1.50 1.26 1.33 0.67 1.68 1.02 1.79 1.63 1.44 1.90 1.72 0.72 1.99 1.40 0.98 0.42 1.06 0.99 1.55 0.85 1.35 4.39 2.71 4.25 3.53 7.10 4.12 3.51 1.02 4.59 2.57 4.55 4.17 4.07 5.12 3.78 1.70 3.57 4.27 4.59 2.34 4.69 2.52 6.00 6.37 6.02 4.39 0.46 0.34 1.21 0.27 0.44 0.61 1.91 0.58 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.55 0.59 0.83 0.73 1.26 0.49 0.27 0.22 0.29 0.65 0.35 0.15 0.29 _ 0.0586 3.88 1.98 5.86 0.51 *100. 159
5) 1,,,,,, 1,.,,. 1 0.9567, 0.3072.,.,, 1 0.1531 0.6866 4.5.. 1.9, 1.14, 1.11. 0.7454, 0.1759 0.5933, 0.3035. 0.3947 0.3913,. 26 0.8136 1 0.8. 0.75, 2611. 160
< 15> 1 (30*30) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.9198 0.9157 0.8266 0.6525 0.5952 0.6389 0.3072 0.8009 0.5785 0.7089 0.6773 0.6255 0.6821 0.7370 0.7856 0.8452 0.9311 0.7557 0.9316 0.9562 0.9567 0.8296 0.9332 0.9200 0.8105 76.16 67.70 28.50 35.81 34.61 37.84 17.22 45.22 35.50 33.62 36.56 34.80 32.62 41.26 62.18 46.50 70.99 55.26 84.23 74.73 77.39 54.89 73.43 61.63 3.58 15.82 23.87 54.16 29.44 24.91 26.05 13.50 34.87 22.35 37.27 31.17 27.75 35.59 32.44 16.38 38.02 22.12 20.31 8.93 50.89 18.28 28.07 16.89 30.67 84.63 91.98 91.57 82.66 65.25 59.52 64.22 30.72 80.09 57.85 70.89 67.73 62.55 68.21 73.70 78.56 84.67 93.31 75.57 93.16 95.62 95.67 82.96 93.32 92.00 81.05 0.21 0.35 1.90 0.82 0.72 0.69 0.78 0.77 0.63 1.11 0.85 0.8 1.09 0.79 0.26 0.82 0.31 0.37 0.11 0.28 0.24 0.51 0.22 0.49 _ 59 55 149 158 159 0.7860 0.7570 0.8397 0.9213 0.8968 39.47 35.43 15.31 74.54 59.33 39.13 40.27 68.66 17.59 30.35 78.60 75.70 83.97 92.13 89.68 0.99 1.14 4.48 0.24 0.51 *100. 161
< 16> 1 (26*26) (: ) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.9197 0.9153 0.8264 0.6523 0.5956 0.6379 0.3070 0.8002 0.5779 0.7085 0.6770 0.6251 0.6817 0.7366 0.7738 0.8450 0.9310 0.7555 0.9315 0.9562 0.9566 0.8300 0.9332 0.9199 0.8115 76.17 67.70 28.50 35.81 34.59 37.83 17.22 45.22 35.50 33.63 36.56 34.80 32.75 41.26 62.16 46.50 70.98 55.25 84.23 74.74 77.39 54.89 76.41 61.63 3.58 15.80 24.23 54.14 29.42 24.97 25.96 13.48 34.80 22.29 37.22 31.14 27.71 35.42 32.40 15.22 38.00 22.12 20.30 8.92 20.88 18.27 28.11 16.59 30.36 84.73 91.97 91.93 82.64 65.23 59.56 63.79 30.70 80.02 57.79 70.85 67.70 62.51 68.17 73.66 77.38 84.50 93.10 75.55 93.15 95.62 95.66 83.00 93.00 91.99 81.15 0.21 0.36 1.90 0.82 0.72 0.69 0.78 0.77 0.63 1.11 0.85 0.8 1.08 0.79 0.24 0.82 0.31 0.37 0.11 0.28 0.24 0.51 0.22 0.49 _ 0.8136 46.50 34.86 81.36 0.75 *100. 162
6) 1, 0.16 (0.13), (0.11 ), (0.11). (1.9 ), (2.9 ), (2.3 ),...,, 1,,. 5,,,.,. 26 1 786,. 1 786 486, 300. 163
17 1 (30*30) (: ) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.0362 0.0336 0.1603 0.0458 0.0498 0.0472 0.0888 0.0556 0.0302 0.0458 0.0505 0.0650 0.0620 0.1299 0.0493 0.0854 0.0410 0.0660 0.0876 0.0493 0.1120 0.0290 0.0192 0.0951 0.1107 1.06 1.00 14.14 2.38 3.09 2.48 8.13 3.01 1.00 2.14 2.72 4.53 3.37 10.71 3.36 5.54 1.75 3.98 7.9 2.62 9.61 0.04 0.31 6.3 0.1 2.56 2.36 1.89 2.20 1.89 2.24 0.75 2.55 2.02 2.44 2.33 1.97 2.83 2.28 1.57 3.00 2.35 2.62 0.86 2.31 1.59 2.86 1.61 3.21 10.97 3.62 3.36 14.14 4.58 4.98 4.72 8.88 5.56 3.02 4.58 5.05 6.50 6.20 12.99 4.93 8.54 4.10 6.60 8.76 4.93 11.20 2.90 1.92 9.51 11.07 2.42 2.36 0.13 0.92 0.61 0.90 0.09 0.85 2.02 1.14 0.86 0.43 0.84 0.21 0.47 0.54 1.34 0.66 0.11 0.88 0.17 71.50 5.19 0.51 109.70 59 55 149 158 159 0.0507 0.0639 0.0553 0.0227 0.1603 1.57 3.41 1.63 0.57 12.93 3.50 2.98 3.90 1.70 3.10 5.07 6.39 5.53 2.27 16.03 2.23 0.87 2.39 2.98 0.24 *100. 164
18 1 (26*26) (: ) (A) (B) B/A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 0.0364 0.0337 0.1609 0.0463 0.0502 0.0480 0.0889 0.0559 0.0303 0.0461 0.0508 0.0654 0.0625 0.1302 0.0492 0.0856 0.0413 0.0663 0.0877 0.0500 0.1122 0.0295 0.0196 0.0956 0.1109 1.06 1.00 14.14 2.38 3.09 2.48 8.13 3.01 1.00 2.14 2.72 4.53 3.37 10.71 3.36 5.54 1.75 3.98 7.90 2.62 9.61 0.04 0.31 6.30 0.01 2.56 2.37 1.95 2.25 1.93 2.32 0.76 2.58 2.03 2.47 2.36 2.01 2.88 2.31 1.56 3.02 2.38 2.65 0.87 2.38 1.61 2.91 1.65 3.26 10.98 3.64 3.37 14.14 4.63 4.98 4.80 8.89 5.59 3.03 4.61 5.08 6.54 6.25 13.01 4.92 8.54 4.13 6.63 8.77 5.00 11.22 2.95 1.92 9.56 11.09 2.42 2.36 0.14 0.95 0.62 0.94 0.09 0.86 2.03 1.15 0.87 0.44 0.85 0.22 0.47 0.55 1.36 0.67 0.11 0.91 0.17 72.75 5.32 0.52 1098.00 0.0786 4.86 3.00 7.86 0.62 *100. 165
. 1),,,. 0 nx 1,,,.. 301,873,983 29 0,,,, 18 19. 26 5,542,049 ( 5) 25 0,,,,. 2 ) ) 30 1 8,739. 3 1,94070% 166
. 59.6% 19,029, 7.8%, 4.5%, 3.0%, 2.4%. 1.5% 463, 1% 310, 0.7% 237, 0.4% 119.,,,. 26 5 5,42011 7,309, 112%. 30. 57.7% 6 7,629, 6.8% 7,919.8, 5.8% 6804.4., 30, 26.. ) 30,.6,154. 69.2% 4,260, 4.8%, 4.7%, 1.8%, 1.6%. 1.3% 77, 0.8% 49, 0.7% 43, 167
0.6% 35. 26 5 5,420 262 1,128 30 3. 64.7% 1 3,667.7, 6.4% 1,348.4, 5% 1,056.525. ) 30. 89,034. 74.4% 66,216. 59.6%, 69.2%,. 4.1%, 2.4%, 1.9%. 1.3% 1,115, 1.1% 1,023, 0.4% 365, 0.4% 315. 26 5 5,420 324,875. 66.2% 215,059, 33.8%5.4%, 4.2%. ) 3018,739 168
.1 6,805. 66.2% 11,117. 11.1%, 3.0%, 2.6%, 2.4%., 0.7% 115, 0.5% 83, 0.5% 83, 0.4% 70. 26 4 5,092. 57.2% 2 5,773, 42.8%6.7%, 5.3%, 4.7%. 26,,,.. ) 30 1 8,739 3,004. 80.6% 2,422, 7.7%, 3.1%. 26 5 5,420, 4,355. 61.8% 2,692, 38.2%3,75.5, 5.2% 224.5. 169
19 1(30*30) (:, %) 1 42,788 1.3 4,377 0.7 689 0.8 2 6,186 0.2 1,591 0.3 196 0.2 3 77,098 2.4 5,181 0.8 1,056 1.2 4 29,150 0.9 4,391 0.7 1,093 1.2 5 31,985 1.0 4,267 0.7 710 0.8 6 56,875 1.8 6,393 1.0 916 1.0 7 38,094 1.2 1,630 0.3 126 0.1 8 11,969 0.4 2,170 0.4 306 0.6 9 1 25,592 0.8 1,781 0.3 223 0.3 10 11,863 0.4 2,026 0.3 311 0.3 11 16,419 0.5 2,760 0.4 365 0.4 12 46,430 1.5 6,356 1.0 994 1.1 13 5,336 0.2 937 0.2 163 0.2 14 17,470 0.6 2,343 0.4 281 0.3 16 95,540 3.0 9,430 1.5 793 0.9 17 42,675 1.3 11,006 1.8 666 0.7 18 59,693 1.9 9,796 1.6 1,654 1.9 19 30,805 1.0 8,782 1.4 1,044 1.2 20 31,817 1.0 9,230 1.5 608 0.7 21 65,326 2.0 28,854 4.7 2,413 2.4 22 249,640 7.8 29,732 4.8 3,670 4.1 23 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 5,865 0.2 3,768 0.6 302 0.3 25 36,985 1.2 11,835 1.9 1,694 1.9 26 143,103 4.5 172 0.0 0 0.0 59 30,994 1.0 7,752 1.3 1,023 1.1 55 23,731 0.7 4,352 0.7 1,115 1.3 149 46,341 1.5 3,536 0.6 315 0.4 158 11,906 0.4 4,922 0.8 363 0.4 159 1,902,762 59.6 426,028 69.2 66,216 74.4 3,194,060 100.0 615,390 100.0 89,034 100.0 () 170
19 2(30*30) (:, %) 1 28,240 1.7 394 0.1 2 4,169 0.3 62 0.0 3 18,804 1.2 9,329 3.1 4 6,987 0.4 463 0.2 5 8,598 0.5 768 0.3 6 15,891 1.0 1,041 0.4 7 6,270 0.4 2,960 1.0 8 4,764 0.3 317 0.1 9 1 5,106 0.3 143 0.1 10 3,789 0.2 241 0.1 11 5,251 0.3 391 0.1 12 13,135 0.8 1,709 0.6 13 1,663 0.1 171 0.1 14 5,632 0.3 462 0.5 16 50,263 3.0 2,713 0.9 17 19,588 1.2 2,334 0.8 18 40,842 2.4 1,009 0.3 19 15,991 1.0 1,152 0.4 20 26,624 1.6 2,498 0.8 21 44,147 2.6 1,548 0.5 22 186,157 11.1 23,117 7.7 23 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 4,181 0.3 17 0.0 25 22,343 1.3 2,286 0.8 26 4880 0.3 14 0.0 59 11,555 0.7 459 0.2 55 8,341 0.5 802 0.3 149 6,974 0.4 741 0.3 158 8,348 0.5 64 0.0 159 1,111,784 66.2 242,222 80.6 1,680,556 100.0 300,427 100.0 171
20 1(26*26) (:, %) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 120,011 28,059 185,494 367,124 791,981 680,447 128,345 69,650 242,551 75,990 68,987 117,226 9,749 66,701 193,393 68,799 348,000 175,552 89,690 305,285 405,456 0 15,718 81,686 332,194 1.0 0.2 1.6 3.1 6.8 5.8 1.1 0.6 2.1 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.6 1.7 0.6 3.0 1.5 0.8 2.6 3.5 0.0 0.1 0.7 2.8 12,277 7,217 12,465 55,179 105,650 76,482 5,493 12,627 16,882 12,979 11,597 16,048 1,713 8,945 19,088 17,743 57,107 50,050 26,019 134,844 48,290 0 10,797 26,139 399 0.6 0.3 0.6 2.6 5.0 3.6 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.8 2.7 2.4 1.2 6.4 2.3 0.0 0.5 1.2 0.0 1,932 889 2,541 13,767 17,582 10,955 424 1,783 2,110 1,991 1,532 2,509 298 1,074 1,605 1,073 9,640 5,951 11,579 10,013 5,960 0 866 3,741 0 0.6 0.3 0.8 4.2 5.4 3.4 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 3.0 1.8 3.6 3.1 1.8 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.0 6,762,856 57.7 1,366,773 64.7 2,150,599 66.2 11,730,943 100.0 2,112,803 100.0 324,875 100.0 () 172
20 2(26*26) (:, %) 1 79,207 1.8 1,104 0.3 2 18,909 0.4 281 0.1 3 45,242 1.0 22,445 5.2 4 88,000 2.0 5,837 1.3 5 212,884 4.7 19,008 4.4 6 190,117 4.2 12,452 2.9 7 21,126 0.5 9,972 2.3 8 27,721 0.6 1,846 0.4 9 1 48,389 1.1 1,358 0.3 10 24,271 0.5 1,543 0.4 11 22,062 0.5 1,642 0.4 12 33,163 0.7 4,314 1.0 13 3,038 0.1 313 0.1 14 21,505 0.5 5,583 1.3 16 101,744 2.3 5,492 1.3 17 31,579 0.7 3,763 0.9 18 238,101 5.3 5,881 1.4 19 91,129 2.0 6,566 1.5 20 75,052 1.7 7,041 1.6 21 206,311 4.6 7,235 1.7 22 302,349 6.7 37,545 8.6 23 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 11,980 0.3 49 0.0 25 49,346 1.1 5,048 1.2 26 11,328 0.3 33 0.0 2,577,325 57.2 269,162 61.8 4,509,222 100.0 435,513 100.0 173
.. 5 211,883,558 10.56%. 12.75%. 5 1.47%, 2.14%, 6.49%. 50.73%, 10.56%.. 1995 WT O. (IMD/ WEF ) 41 41..,.. 174
21 (A ) (A ) (A/ B) 59 45,268 3,078,595 1.47 55 1,655,719 3,264,031 50.73 149 50,255 2,339,366 2.14 158 0 771,403 0.00 159 132,316 2,039,370 6.49 1,883,558 17,835,391 10.56% 53,154,776 416,965,100 12.75% 21 (1,883,556 ), T V, 22.,,,, 5 1,883,558,, T V,, 1 5 7, T V 1 9 6, 26 2., 5 15,951,833., T V, 13 2 9, T V 1 6 6, 221., 15,951,833 175
. 5.,.. 22 ( ) ($ ) 1,883,558.0 2,354.4 15,951,833.0 19,939.8 1$ =800 T V 157.0 19.6 26.2 1,329.3 =15($/ ) 166.2 T V =120($/ ) 221.6 =9 ($/ ) 176
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.,. [ V 1] (:%), () 28.4 27.5 21.0 17.9 5.1 0.0 0.0 6.1 23.7 26.7 3.1 2.3 38.2 0.0 4.0 20.2 48.6 3.5 2.3 21.4 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 :,(II),, 1994, p.71.,.,.. 184
[ V 2] (: %), 33.9 8.5 7.2 33.3 8.1 2.2 6.7 51.7 11.8 4.7 27.6 3.1 0.8 0.0 43.8 7.7 6.6 30.2 8.9 5.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 :, (II),, 1994, p.72. 3 ).,. (public image up).... 185
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.,,, 36)..,,.,.. V 4. 82%, 18%,,. 94.1%5.9%.,..,,,,. (35.2%). 36),,, p.51 188
. 14% 17%. 50%, 10%.,, 10%..,,,,,. V 4 (1990) (1991) (1990) 966.0 82.2 1,031.1 82.7 2.9 5.9 76.4 6.5 77.8 6.2 72.3 6.2 77.6 6.2 60.0 5.1 61.0 4.9 45.8 94.1 1,174.7 100.0 1,247.7 100.0 48.7 100.0 :.,,, p.297., 37) 47.6% 52.4%. 24.1%, 37),,, p.24. 189
19.5%, 18.4%, 15.7%, 15.1%, 14.6%, 31.0%. 24.1%(,,, ) 44.7%, 13.2%,, 29.9%, 12.3%. V 5 : (%) 113 (42.8) 43 (16.3) 50 (18.9) 21 (8.0) 17 (6.4) 20 (7.6) 264(35.2) (100) 83 (66.4) 15 (12.0) 3 (2.4) 7 (5.6) 9 (7.2) 8 (6.4) 125(16.7) (100) 67 (51.9) 33 (25.6) 8 (6.2) 10 (7.8) 7 (5.4) 4 (3.1) 129(17.2) (100) 60 (48.4) 22 (17.7) 15 (12.1) 12 (9.7) 10 (8.1) 5 (4.0) 124(16.5) (100) 48 (44.4) 15 (13.9) 22 (20.4) 7 (6.5) 6 (5.6) 10 (9.3) 108(14.4) (100) 371 (49.5) 128 (17.1) 98 (13.1) 57 (7.6) 49 (6.5) 47 (6.3) 750(100) (100) :. Philanthropy and Society, 1993, p270. 190
. 1) 1994 4 18 206 (Korean Business Council for the Art ),..,..,.,,,,... 191
..,.,. 2 ),. 1993.V 6, 1991 1993 192
. 1991141 92 161, 93 173., 1991 99 92 93 116, 9170%93 67%. 12 18, 9 12, 6.4%. V 6 (:, ) 1990 1991 1992 60(42.6) 39(27.7) 12(8.5) 6(4.3) 9(6.4) 1(0.7) 3(2.1) 3(2.1) 8(5.7) 91 192 598 13,416 374 5 529 2 33 64(39.8) 44(27.3) 16(9.9) 10(6.2) 11(6.8) 1(0.6) 3(1.9) 3(1.9) 9(5.6) 255 191 495 610 524 5 218 12 37 65(37.6) 51(29.5) 18(10.4) 9(5.2) 12(6.9) 1(0.6) 4(2.3) 3(1.7) 10(5.8) 275 220 1,082 4,546 1,090 5 548 12 39 141(100.) 14,903 161(100.) 2,347 173(100.) 7,817 :,. 1993.. V 5,,,, 10% 193
.,.,. 91374 92524 93 1,090. V 7, 9193. 92 9312.5%.. V 7 90 91 92 11,448 7,472 7,176 80,496 3,366 5 1,587 6 266 10.2 6.7 6.4 72.0 3.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.2 16,333 8,422 7,920 6,100 5,764 5 654 36 335 35.8 18.5 17.4 13.4 12.5 0.0 1.4 0.1 0.7 17,778 11,200 19,476 40,914 13,080 5 2,192 37 393 16.9 10.7 18.5 38.9 12.5 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.3 111,823 100.0 45,569 100.0 105,075 100.0 :,, 1993. 194
.. (IMD/ WEF ) (24 OECD 17), 4129 (IMD/ WEF,1994:521). 500,.. V 8.,,,,..,,,., 195
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VI 1...,,,,...,,..., 198
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..,, (, ),,,,,.,, (joint venture),,,,. 38),.,.,,,,.. 1995,. 38) Sreven Globerman, Cluture, Governm ents and M arkets : P ublic P olicy and the Culture I ndus tries, T he Fraser Insitute, 1987, p4. 201
..,,.,,,,..,,. WT O Block,,.., (VOD),.,. (technology intensive) 202
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(intellectual property right )...,. (new IPR),,. 39) WT OGAT T. (transparency ) (streamlining).,. (entry and exit barrier ).,. 39) ( ),,, 1993. 204
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, < >,, 1993. ( ), < >,, 1987., <>,, 1993.,, < >,, 1993.,, < >, 2, 1992., <>,, 1991., < >,, 1990., < >,, 1990. ( ), < >,,, 1987., :, < >, 25:4, 1992. D., ( ), <2000 >,, 1991. D., ( ), <>,, 1992. ( ), <>,, 1993.2.,, <>,, 1992. H, ( ), < >,, 1990., ( ), < >,, 1993. (), < >,, 1990.,, < >, 1, 1989.,, ( ), < >,, 1990. ( ), <?>,, 1993.,, < >, 2,1990. 212
R. ( ), < >,, 1984., <>,, 1987.,,, 1993. 6.,, <>, 2,, 1993., <W>,, 1993., < >,, 1,, 1990, < >,, 1992., < >,, 1990, < >,, 1992.,, < >, 1988,. ( ), < >,, 1993., < >,, 1993.,, <>,, 1986. (), < >,, 1977., < >,, 1994.,, <>, 2,, 1986., :, < >, 25:4, 1992. N, ( ), <>,, 1980., (technopolis), < >, 1993.., < 1992 >, 1992., <>, 5, 6, 1991. 1992., <>,., < >, 213
1991 10:, < 7 5 >, <>, 10, 1988., <>, 3, 1987., <>, 11, 1987. ( ), < >, 1993.2., < >, 1,2,3,4, 1991., <>,., <>,, 1991, 1992., <. >, 1993., < 1990( ), ( ), ( )>, 1993. 12., < 5 >., 1992., < 21 >,, 1993.,, <>, 1993, 6.,, <>, 1993, 9 Blaug, Mark, The Economics of the Arts, London, Martin Robertson, 1976. Fullerton, D., "On Justification for Public Support of the Arts", J of Cultural Economics 15, Dec 1991. Globerman, Steven, Culture, Govnerments and M arkets : public Policy and the Culture I ndus tries, T he F raser Institute, Canada, 1987. Horowitz, H., "T he F ederal and State Partner ship in the Support of Culture in the U.S.A.", J of Cultural Economics 10, Dec 1986. Khakee, A., "The Rationale for Urban Goverment Action for Arts Funding", 214
J of Cultural Economics 12, Dec 1988. Mulcahy, Kevin & Richard Sw aim (eds.) P ublic P olicy and the A rts, Boulder, Colorado, Westview Pres s, 1982. Peacock, A., "Welfare Economics and Public Subsidies to the Arts", M anchester S chool E conom ics and S ocial S tudies, Dec. 1969, 37:4. Peacock, A., "Economics, Cultural Values, and Cultural Policies", J of Cultural E conom ics 15, Dec 1992. Robbins, Lionel, P olitics and E con om ics : P ap ers in P olitical E conom y, London, MacMillan, 1963. Scitovsky, T., "Culture is a Good T hing: A Welfare Economic Judgment", J of Cultural E conom ics 13, J une 1989. T hrosby, David, "T he Production and Consumption of the Art s A View of Cultural Economics", J of E conom ic L iterature, Vol.?215, 1994. West, E. G., "Goverment Grants to Nonprofit Firms: Still Searching for the Rationale", J of Cultural E conom ics 12, Dec 1987. IMD/ WEF, World Competitiveness 1994, Losanne, Switzerland, 1994., < Forum>, NT T,, 1993., <>, Journal, 5,, 1993., <>,,, 1993.., <Philanthropy and Society>, Diamond,, 1993., <>,,, 1993.., < >,,, 1993. 215
216
< >?,,...,.,... 1994 5 20 ( ) 217
. 1.? 2.? 3. 3?, 4., 6. 4. 3? () ( ) 5?.,.,... 6.?.,, 7.,,, 8 7.?... () ( ) 8.,?,,, 10.,, 8. 9.? 218
10.? 11.? 12.? 13.? () ( ) 14.? 15. 16.?..... 17. 100? 5 5 10 11 15 16 20 20 18.? 19.? ( ) 219
20.,?. 1 2 3 4 5 21. 1 2 3 4 5? 22. 1 2 3 4 5? 23. 1 2 3 4 5? 24.1 2 3 4 5? 25. 1 2 3 4 5? 26. 1 2 3 4 5? 27. 1 2 3 4 5 26.? () ( ) 29. 30.?, 35, 35., 37.,, 36 31.? 220
() ( ) 32.? () ( ) 33? 34.,.? 35.? ( ) 36.? ( ) () ( ) (.) 1. (, ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( 49 50 99 100 149 150 199 200 229300 ). 221
< > 1. 281 3.86 180 4.42 20 153 4.10 30 150 4.20 40 50 104 55 3.74 3.40 130 3.67 219 4.11 113 4.35 77 4.26 59 4.36 111 3.86 102 4.71 42 2.67. 62 3.92 99 66 3.98 100 149 129 3.83 150 199 114 4.00 200 299 102 3.99 300 51 4.07 F Pr F 6.21 0.0131 9.74 0.0001 30.46 0.0001 17.23 0.0001 0.59 0.6678 2. F Pr F 218 3.63 180 3.50 1.85 0.175 20 153 3.43 40 30 103 150 3.58 3.67 1.36 0.2547 50 54 3.53 130 3.15 217 113 3.65 3.86 16.22 0.0001 78 3.50 59 33.85 109 3.49 102 3.67 4.90 0.0002. 42 61 2.90 3.70 99 66 3.35 100 149 129 3.41 150 199 113 3.55 3.22 0.0127 200 299 300 102 50 3.72 3.90 222
3. 59.33 46.01 69.18 30.82 20 30 69.44 46.10 30.56 53.90 40 59.60 40.40 50 71.79 55.00 28.21 45.00 67.86 32.32 49.52 77.78 50.48 22.22 57.39 45.61 56.31 47.25 43.69 52.75 60.00 40.00. 99 70.59 50.00 29.41 50.00 100 149 52.46 47.54 150 199 200 299 60.58 67.47 39.42 30.53 300 69.05 30.95 Chi Sq Prob 9.505 0.002 18.874 0.000 10.844 0.004 19.341 0.002 10.323 0.035 4. A B C D E F 30 25 14 11 11 22 16 21 9 2 2 4 20 5 10 5 2 2 7 30 13 13 7 2 2 5 40 19 12 6 6 6 9 50 9 11 5 3 3 5 13 6 7 4 4 15 28 25 11 6 6 6 5 15 5 3 3 5 5 5 2 0 0 2 9 2 2 3 3 4 8 9 7 2 2 3 7 13 2 3 3 2 6 3 2 3 3 10. 11 14 6 3 3 4 99 1 1 3 0 0 7 100 149 9 7 6 2 2 4 150 199 14 14 5 5 5 6 200 299 14 17 6 5 5 6 300 8 7 3 1 1 3 Chi Sq Prob 25.196 0.000 64.996 0.000 24.890 0.006 82.293 0.000 30.386 0.064 223