대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향 : 학업스트레스의조절효과를중심으로 장준호 호남대학교경영학부부교수 진춘화 호남대학교경영학부조교수 The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem of the College Students on Employment Anxiety: Focus on the Moderating Effect of Academic Stress Jun-Ho Jang a, Chun-Hua Jin b Department of Business Administration, Honam University, South Korea Abstract Received 30 May 2019, Revised 10 June 2019, Accepted 18 June 2019 In this study, we examined the effects of self-efficacy and self-esteem on employment anxiety based on existing prior study and verified the moderating effect of academic stress between self-efficacy and employment anxiety, and moderating effect of academic stress between self-esteem and employment anxiety and the analysis result are as follows. The first result shows that self-efficacy and self-esteem negatively affect employment anxiety. Second, academic stress has not played a role of moderating in the relationship between self-efficacy and employment anxiety. As academic stress increases, employment anxiety increases. However, the regression analysis results confirmed that the academic stress can be an independent variable that explains employment anxiety. Finally, academic stress plays a role of moderating in the relationship between self-esteem and employment anxiety. This means that students with relatively high self-esteem are less likely to have employment anxiety than those who do not, and that increasing academic stress increases the employment anxiety of college students. Keywords: Academic Stress, Employment Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem JEL Classifications: L20, M50, N30, I20 a First Author, E-mail: jjh4653@honam.ac.kr b Corresponding Author, E-mail: 2016074@honam.ac.kr 2019 Management & Economics Research Institute. All rights reserved.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019 Ⅰ. 서론,. 2018 8, 1 0.3% 60.9%, 1 13 4000 113 3000. 3 290, 77.2%,. (SBA) 4 5 ( 20 39 ),.,.,,. Bandura (1986).,,., (King, 1997).,,,,, (Judge and Bono, 2001).,...,,,,,.,,,, (Kim Ui-Chol and Young-Shin Park, 2001; Lee Jae-Yeon, 2014; Lee Mi-Kyung, 2004; Seo Myung-Ho, 2010; Kim Myung-Ok, 2011; Park Young- Won, 2017; Kum Jeong-Hwa, 2018; Park Yun-Hee, 2017; Cho Gyu-Pan, 2008; Choi Hae-Rim, 1986; Jung Bong-Hyun, 2009; Lee In-Sook, 2011; Yim Yeon-Kyoung, 2017; Kim Yeon-Jung and Eun-Young Son, 2012; Kim
대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향 So-Hee and Jung-Sun Hahn, 2007). Park Yun-Hee (2017) (-), Park Mi-Young and Tae-Hoon Kim (2016). Jeon Min-Ji et al. (2015).., ( )..,. Ⅱ. 이론적배경 1) 불안감,.,,,,,. Beck (1979),, Barlow (2004). Ohman (2008). 2) 취업불안감 Cho Gyu-Pan (2008), Park Young-Woo (1994). Li (2008), Pan and Lu (2006). Zhang (2005),. Zhao and Le (2017),..,
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019,. (self-efficacy) Bandura 1977. Bandura,.,,.,,. Bandura (1977),.,. Bandura,,. Bandura ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ.,,,.,,.,.,. (self-esteem). Branden (1992),,. Coopersmith (1967),,,. Ryu Bu-Yeol (2006)
대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향 ( ),,,.,..,,,, (Park So-Yeon, Jin-Kyung Kim and Taek-Young Lee, 2011).,,.,. 1) 스트레스 (stress).,. Lazarus (1984). Lazarus,,. Selye (1956), Lazarus and Folkman (1984) (Lee Yang-Sook, 2013). Seo Hee-Joo (2003),,. Choi Hae-Rim (1986),., Won Ho-Taek and Soon-Hwa Kim (1985),,,,,,,,,, 11.. 2) 학업스트레스 Lee Joo-Won (2008),,,,. Bak Byung-Gee and Sun-Mi Park (2012),,
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019., Lee In-Sook (2011). Choi Jae-Hee (2005),., Oh Mi-Hyang and Sung-Moon Chun (1994),.,,,,,. Oh Mi-Hyang and Sung-Moon Chun (1994),,,,,. Ⅲ. 연구방법 1) 연구모형 Fig. 1. Research Model 2) 연구가설의설정 Park Young-Won (2017),. Seo Myung-Ho (2010),, Kim Myung-Ok (2011) 3, 4.,. Kim So-Hee and Jung-Sun Hahn (2007), Kum Jeong-Hwa (2018),,. Park Yun-Hee (2017). Cho Gyu-Pan (2008),. Kim Yeon-Jung and Eun-Young Son (2012). Kim Ui-Chol and Young-Shin Park (2001),
대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향, Lee Jae-Yeon (2014). Lee Mi-Kyung (2004),,.. (-)..,. Choi Hae-Rim (1986), Jung Bong-Hyun (2009). Lee In-Sook (2011) Yim Yeon-Kyoung (2017), Kim Hyon-Dong (2014).. (-)..,. 1) 자기효능감. Oh Ji-Yeon (2016). Oh Ji-Yeon (2016) Cronbach's ɑ 0.83. ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ ʻ ʼ 2) 자존감,. Park Na-Yeon (2018). Cronbach's ɑ 0.80. ʻ.ʼ, ʻ
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, 7 5. 3) 취업불안감,,. Kim Tae-Hee (2015). Kim Tae-Hee (2015) Cronbach's ɑ 0.83. ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ 7 5. 4) 학업스트레스,,,,. Oh Ji-Yeon (2016). Oh Ji-Yeon (2016) Bak Byung-Gee and Sun-Mi Park (2012), Oh Ji-Yeon (2016) Cronbach's ɑ 0.96. ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ, ʻ.ʼ 7 5. Ⅳ. 실증분석결과. 5....... 2 2, 3, 4. 200 179. 89%. <Table 1>. 179., 91 (50.8%) 88 (49.2%)
대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향 Table 1. Demographic Characteristics Category Division Frequency % Gender Grade University Table 2. Factor Analysis Result Male student 91 50.8 Female student 88 49.2 Sophomore 25 14.0 Junior 109 60.9 Senior 45 25.1 Huniversity 80 44.7 Juniversity 98 54.7 The others 1.6 Component 1 2 3 4 Communality Academic stress1.660.532 Academic stress2.751.715 Academic stress3.724.714 Academic stress4.804.684 Academic stress5.771.708 Academic stress6.721.634 Employment anxiety1.658.762 Employment anxiety2.753.816 Employment anxiety3.744.750 Employment anxiety4.757.788 Employment anxiety5.775.759 Employment anxiety6.780.801 Employment anxiety7.633.620 Self-efficacy1.620.798 Self-efficacy2.715.770 Self-efficacy3.763.813 Self-efficacy4.765.814 Self-efficacy5.752.803 Self-efficacy6.740.826 Self-efficacy7.725.832 Self-esteem1.790.798 Self-esteem2.809.715 Self-esteem3.776.740 Self-esteem4.862.830 Self-esteem5.762.701 Self-esteem6.828.782 Self-esteem7.654.629 Eigenvalue 5.74 5.17 5.02 4.20 Explained variance 21.26 19.14 18.61 15.56 Cumulative explained variance 21.26 40.39 59.00 74.56 Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin.944 Sphericity test of Bartlett 2379.568(p<.01)
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019 Table 3. Reliability Analysis Result Variable Item Standard Cronbach's Average (removed item) deviation alpha Moderator variable Academic stress 7(1) 3.097 0.840 0.886 Independent variable Self-efficacy 7(0) 2.863 0.860 0.958 Independent variable Self-esteem 7(0) 2.999 0.870 0.938 Dependent variable Employment anxiety 7(0) 3.297 0.888 0.943. 3 109 (60.9%). 4 45 (25.1%), 2 25 (14.0%). J 98 (54.7%). H 80 (44.7%), 1 (0.6%).. (explanatory factor analysis), (Cronbach's α).,.. 7, 7, 6, 7. <Table 2> <Table 3> KMO 0.944, Bartlett 2379.568 5%.. <Table 3>,,. - 0.886. 0.958 -. - 0.943, - 0.938. - 0.6,.. 3.297., 3.097. 2.999, 2.863.,,. <Table 4>. 0.765 (-), 0.529 (-). 0.571 (-),
대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향 Table 4. Correlation Analysis Result Academic Stress Employment Anxiety Self-Efficacy Self-Esteem Academic Stress 1 Employment Anxiety.632** 1 Self-Efficacy -.529** -.765** 1 Self-Esteem -.384** -.571**.708** 1 Notes: * p.05, **p.01 0.384 (-). 1) 자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향. <Table 5>. 65.606 5%,. (VIF). -0.562, -8.702 5%., 0.162, -2.514 5%. 0.427 42.7%.,. 1, 2., 0.562, 0.162.. 2) 학업스트레스조절효과 Aiken and West (1991)., (multicollinearity) Table 5. The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem on Employment Anxiety Unstandardized coefficients Standardized coefficients t VIF B Std.Error Beta (Constant) 5.442.192 28.344 Self-efficacy -1.033***.119 -.562-8.702 1.280 Self-esteem -.299**.119 -.162-2.514 1.280 R-sq(Adj_R).427 (.421) F-value 65.606*** Notes: * p.05, **p.01, ***p.001
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019 Table 6. Moderating Effect of Academic Stress : Self-Efficacy and Employment Anxiety 2 Stepwise regression analysis 3 Stepwise regression analysis Unstandardized Standardized Unstandardized Standardized t VIF coefficients coefficients coefficients coefficients t VIF (Constant) 3.489*** 79.439 3.512 72.495 Self-efficacy(A) -.586*** -.641-11.295 1.388 -.579*** -.633-11.086 1.409 Academic stress(b).188***.206 3.624 1.388.187***.204 3.602 1.389 A B.044.055 1.126 1.025 R-sq(adj-R).592.587.595.588 R-sq change.592.003 F for change 127.747*** 1.269 Notes: * p.05, **p.01, ***p.001 (mean centering). (R²)., 1, 2, 3,, ( ). (1) 학업스트레스조절효과 : 자기효능감과취업불안감 (-). 2 3 <Table 6>. 2 ( ) 59.2%,,, ( ) 3 ( ) 59.5%. 3 2 0.3%, 1.269,. 3., 2 3 (+).,,. (2) 학업스트레스조절효과 : 자존감과취업불안감 (-). 2 3 <Table 7>. 2 ( ) 44.5%,,, ( ) 3 ( ) 46.3%. 3
대학생의자기효능감과자존감이취업불안감에미치는영향 Table 7. Moderating Effect of Academic Stress : Self-Esteem and Employment Anxiety 2 Stepwise Regression Analysis 3 Stepwise Regression Analysis Unstandardized Standardized Unstandardized Standardized t VIF coefficients coefficients coefficients coefficients t VIF (Constant) 3.489*** 68.114 3.536 65.189 Self-Efficacy(A) -.382*** -.418-6.870 1.173 -.359 -.393-6.457 1.207 Academic Stress(B).352***.384 6.320 1.173.357.391 6.507 1.175 A B.124**.135 2.406 1.030 R-sq(adj-R).445.439.463.454 R-sq change.445.018 F for change 70.616*** 5.787** Notes: * p.05, **p.01, ***p.001 2 1.8%, 5.787 5%.,. 4. 2 3 (+).,., 3 0.124 5% (+).,. Ⅴ. 결론,,. <Table 8>., (-).,., (-).,.,.,., (-) 1 2,...,.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019 Table 8. Research Theory Analysis Results Study Hypothesis Self-efficacy Employment anxiety Self-Esteem Employment anxiety Self-efficacy Academic stress Employment anxiety Self-Esteem Academic stress Employment anxiety Analysis Result Accepted Accepted Rejected Accepted, 3,.,. 3., 4,.,,.,,.,...,.,.,,,.,,,,,,..,..,.
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