Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association J. Korean Home Econ. Assoc. Vol. 51 No. 2, , April

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1 Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association J. Korean Home Econ. Assoc. Vol. 51 No. 2, , April eissn pissn A Study on Adolescents Expectation of Future: Focused on Self-Esteem and Social Support 1 Ohyun Middle School 2 Department of Faculty of Human Ecology & Welfare, Jeju National University Abstract This study aims to investigate how adolescents expectation of their future according to their self-esteem and perceived social support from parents, teachers, and peers. The study surveyed 611 adolescents, who live in Jeju. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and step-wise Regression analysis. The main results of the study were as follows. First, the adolescents generally had a positive perception of their future. Second, there were significant differences in their perceptions of expectancy for the future according to school grade, leadership experience in school, experience with voluntary activities, educational background of the father, educational background of the mother, level of living, self-esteem, parent support, teacher support, and peer support. The parents with a higher educational background tended to have a professional career, have high expectation for their children, serve as role models for their children, and have a high level of positive perceptions of the future. Finally, the variables which affect the adolescents expectancy for future were examined hierarchically by a step-wise regression analysis. As a result, in general, level of living, self-esteem, and social support were the most important variables, and self-esteem and parent support have the greatest impact on their perceptions of expectancy for the future. (expectancy for future), (self-esteem), (social support) Corresponding Author : Hye Yeon Kim, Department of Faculty of Human Ecology & Welfare, Jeju National University, Ara-1 dong, Jeju city, Jejudo, , Korea Tel: , Fax: , morning@jejunu.ac.kr Copyright 2013, The Korean Home Economics Association. All rights reserved

7 Table 1. The definition and measurement methods of the variables Variables Dependent variables Expectancy of future (5)* Personal variables Gender Year School grade Experience as school leaders Experience as outside school leaders Volunteer experience Father s occupation Father s education Mother s occupation Mother s education Standard of living Self-esteem related variables Self-esteem (9)* Social support related variables Parents support (10)* Teacher support (10)* Friend support (10)* Note. ( ): Number of sentence *: 1 = strongly disagree 3 = neutral 5 = strongly agree Definition and measurement methods Degree of awareness about their expectancy of future 1 = boy 0 = girl 1 = middle school student 0 = high school student Last semester s grades in the class 1 = yes 0 = no 1 = yes 0 = no 1 = yes 0 = no 1 = professional & managerial job 2 = sales & service job 3 = others Father s education (years) 1 = job 0 = no job Mother s education (years) Subjective perception of economic level Degree of awareness about self-esteem Degree of awareness about parents support Degree of awareness about teacher support Degree of awareness about friend support α

8 Table 2. Self-esteem (N = 611) Variables Mean SD Cronbach s α I think I am a valuable person I think I have a good personality I usually feel like a failure* I don t brag about myself* I have a positive attitude about myself I wish I could have more respected myself* I sometimes feel like worthless person* I sometimes think I m not a good person* I am generally satisfied about myself Total Note. 5point likert scale: 1 = strongly disagree 3 = neutral 5 = strongly agree *: Reverse coding.840 Table 3. Social Support (N = 611) Variables Parents Teacher Friend Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD I can have heart-to-heart talks with them They understand me They give me enough advice and counsel They provide me what I need They support me with any difficulties that I may have I can discuss with them if anything happens They spend enough time with me They do my work for me if I have a lot of conversation with them They generally support me Total Cronbach s α Note. 5point likert scale: 1 = strongly disagree 3 = neutral 5 = strongly agree

9 Table 4. Expectancy of future (N = 611) Variables Mean SD Cronbach s α I am positive about my future I will live my life like I ever wanted I will live a successful life I think I will live happily in the future I often think about my future Total Note. 5point likert scale: 1 = strongly disagree 3 = neutral 5 = strongly agree

10 Table 5. Differences in the recognition of expectancy of future Gender T Year T School grade Variables Category Freq. Boy Girl Middle school High school Bottom Middle Top Recognition of expectancy of future Mean D A 3.99 B 4.15 C F *** Experience as school leaders Yes No T 3.978*** Experience as outside school leaders Yes No T Volunteer experience Yes No T 2.613** Father s occupation Professional & managerial workers Sales & service works Others F Father s education Under high school Post college T 2.232* Mother s occupation Job No job T Mother s education T Standard of living Under high school Post college Low Middle High * F 8.539*** Self-esteem Low Middle High F *** Parents support Low Middle High F *** Teacher support Low Middle High F *** Friend support Low Middle High F *** Note. D: Duncan s multiple range test *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p < A A B A B C A B C A B C A B C

11 Table 6. Influence of the independent variables on the expectancy for future Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 B β B β B β Personal variables School grade 0.079** Experience as school leaders (no) 0.197** Volunteer experience (no) Father s education Mother s education Standard of living 0.141** * * Self-esteem related variables Self-esteem 0.546*** *** Social support related variables Parents support 0.114*** Teacher support 0.078* Friend support 0.094* Intercept 4.198*** 2.442*** 1.675*** F 7.811*** *** *** Adj-R Note. ( ): Dummy variable *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <

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