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1 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol. 35, No. 4, Original Article 2016 Korean Clinical Psychology Association ISSN eissn X The Effects of Positive and Negative Affect on Binge Eating Behavior of High School Students: Moderating Effects of Impulsivity based on UPPS-P Model Ji-Ae Byeon Joo-Young Lee Department of Child Development and Education, Dongduk Women s University, Seoul, Korea This study examined the moderating effects of impulsivity based on the UPPS-P model in the relationship between positive, negative affect and binge eating behavior of Korean high school students. A total 284 students in the first and second grades of five high schools in Seoul participated. First, there was no gender difference in binge eating behavior. The lack of premeditation and the lack of perseverance were significantly higher in girls while sensation seeking, positive urgency and positive affect were significantly higher in boys. Second, there were no correlations among positive/negative affect and binge eating behavior in boys, while girls had significant positive correlations among positive/negative affect, impulsivity, and binge eating behavior. Finally, the lack of perseverance moderated the relationship between positive affect and binge eating behavior in boys, while positive urgency and negative urgency moderated the relationship between positive affect and binge eating behavior in girls. However, none of the five sub-factors of impulsivity moderated the relationship between negative affect and binge eating behavior in both boys and girls. The implications and limitations of this study were further discussed. Keywords: positive affect, negative affect, binge eating behavior, UPPS-P, impulsivity, high school students, gender difference 폭식 (binge eating) 은짧은시간 (2 시간 ) 동안비정상적으로많은 양의음식을먹는것으로먹는동안통제감상실이수반되는것으 로정의된다 (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). 폭식 은신경성폭식증 (Bulimia Nervosa, BN) 과신경성식욕부진증 (Anorexia Nervosa, AN) 의주요한증상으로주로연구되었으나 (APA, 2000) 최근에는폭식이이러한섭식장애와는별개로나타 나는행동으로개념화됨에따라폭식장애 (Binge Eating Disorder, BED) 로진단되기시작하였다 (APA, 2013). 고등학생 7,000 명을대 상으로한 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (2010) 의연구에서는 남자는 366 명, 여자는 518 명이섭식장애가우려되는등폭식행동 의발병률이높아지고있으며서구사회와유사한현상을보이고있 다 (Lee, Chang, & Gwak, 2011). 따라서폭식행동은간과해서는안 되는중요한증상이며, 그중에서도병리적인폭식행동은신경성 Correspondence to Joo-Young Lee, Department of Child Development and Education, Dongduk Women s University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02748, Korea; jylee7694@dongduk.ac.kr Received Jul 4, 2016; Revised Oct 3, 2016; Accepted Oct 31, 2016 폭식증으로발전될수있고, 폭식장애로진단될가능성이높기에연구가필요하다. 폭식행동은여성들이대학생일때유병률이최고에이르는것으로나타나지만, 전형적으로청소년기동안발병하는것으로보고되고있다 (Striegel-Moore et al., 2005). 청소년의폭식은우울장애, 불안장애, 성격장애, 약물남용등의다양한심리적장애로발전할가능성이높을뿐만아니라 (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Stice, Hayward, Cameron, Killen, & Taylor, 2000), 대인관계문제나학교부적응등의사회적문제를초래할수있다 (Fairburn, Cooper, & Shafran, 2003). 특히청소년기는외부자극에상대적으로영향을많이받는시기이며, 정서발달의과정에있기때문에정서의영향을받는폭식행동에도취약할수있다 (Lee & Park, 2013). 이처럼청소년기폭식행동의중요성이강조되고있음에도불구하고, Jun (2012), Kim과 Park (2009), Lee (2007), Lee (2011) 등대부분의국내연구들은여자대학생을대상으로하였으며, 최근에와서야청소년을대상으로한연구들이진행되고있다 (Lee & Park, 2013; Park & Hong, 2014)

2 Binge Eating Behavior and Impulsivity 폭식행동을유발하는요인은크게생물학적, 심리적, 사회문화적측면으로나누어볼수있다 (Thompson & Smolak, 2001). 생물학적요인으로는콜레시스토키닌과세로토닌같은신경전달물질의불균형과행동활성화체계 (Behavioral Activation System, BAS) 및행동억제체계 (Behavioral Inhibition System, BIS) 등과같은신경생물학적차원의성격체계가있다. 사회문화적요인으로는마른체형에대한갈망, 친구와미디어의영향, 사회적으로엄격한미의기준등이있다. 그리고심리적요인으로는완벽주의, 마르고싶은욕구, 섭식절제, 불안, 우울, 스트레스와같은부정적인정서가포함되며, 이러한심리적인요인은폭식행동을직, 간접적으로유발하는것으로밝혀지고있다 (Heatherton & Baumeister, 1991; Johnson & Connors, 1987; Kim & Park, 2009; Lee, 2011; Lee & Park, 2013; Shisslak & Crago, 2001). 특히심리적요인중섭식절제와부정정서는폭식행동의발생과유지에기여하는요인으로지속적으로제안되었다 (Polivy & Herman, 1993; Stice & Agras, 1999). 섭식절제이론에서는거식행동으로인한칼로리제한의효과에대한반작용으로폭식행동이나타난다고보고있으며, 부정정서이론에서는부정정서의증가가정서적혼란을유발하며이것이폭식행동을시작하게할가능성을증가시킨다고본다 (Lee, 2007). 특히, 섭식절제보다는부정정서가더중요하다는연구결과들이보고되고있다 (Johnson, Cohen, Kasen, & Brock, 2002; Stice, Killen, Hayward, & Taylor, 1998). 실제로폭식행동을하는사람들은적어도 50% 의폭식행동이단순한배고픔에의해서가아닌정서에의해야기된다고보고하였다 (Greeno, Wing, & Shiffman, 2000). 또한 Isnard 등 (2003) 은비만치료를원하는고도비만의청소년을대상으로한연구에서폭식행동을하는집단이폭식행동을하지않는집단에비해유의하게더우울하고불안하며자존감도더낮음을확인하였고, 비만인남녀 3,287명을대상으로연구한결과폭식행동을하는집단이부정정서 ( 슬픔 ) 를더많이보인다는것을밝혔다 (Striegel-Moore, Wilson, Wilfley, Elder, & Brownell, 1998). 1,065명의청소년을대상으로 7개월의간격으로 2번측정한연구에서는정서를적응적으로조절하지못하는것이불안, 공격, 병리적인섭식의증가를예언할수있음을밝혔다 (McLaughlin, Hatzenbuehler, Mennin, & Nolen- Hoeksema, 2011). 따라서폭식행동을이해하기위해서는정서적요인을반드시고려해야할것으로생각된다. 폭식행동은주로부정정서와관련된다고알려져왔지만최근에는긍정정서와의관련성도보고되고있다. Jeon (2011) 의연구에서는강렬한부정적인감정상태에서성급하게행동하는경향성인부정긴급성이높고긍정정서가높은경우긍정정서가폭식행동 의보호요인으로작용할가능성이있다고제안하였다. 그러나고등학생의정서강도와정서명료성이폭식행동에미치는영향에관한연구 (Jun, 2012) 에서는긍정적정서강도가여학생들의폭식행동을예측하였으며, Aversa 와 Geliebter (2003) 의연구에서는저체중인사람들의경우긍정정서를경험할때에폭식행동을보이는것으로나타났다. 또한 Dingemans (2009) 는음식을섭취하는순간긍정적인기분상태라면음식을억제하지않는다고밝혔다. 이처럼긍정정서와폭식행동에관한연구결과는일관되지않으나, 본연구에서는긍정정서가폭식행동의위험요인으로작용할것이라고가정하였다. 뿐만아니라다차원적충동성의하위요인인긍정긴급성이긍정정서를고양하고자하는고양동기를매개로음주를하게된다는연구 (Coskunpinar & Cyder, 2010) 등을감안할때, 긍정정서와폭식행동간의관계에는긍정긴급성이영향을미칠것이라고가정하였다. 정서는폭식행동에영향을미치는강력한요인임에틀림없다. 그러나이런정서를경험할때섭식조절의실패를의미하는폭식행동을보인다는것은정서에대하여충동적으로반응한다는것을의미하며, 이러한행동적특징에근거하여폭식증환자의충동적인경향을밝히려는연구가이루어져왔다 (Kim, 2013). 특히정서섭식을나타내는개인들이 부정정서 에대한반응으로폭식행동을보이는점으로보아, Whiteside와 Lynam (2001) 가제안한충동성의개념중부정정서를경험할때성급하게행동하는것으로정의되는부정긴급성과의관계를생각해볼수있다 (Kim, 2013). 부정긴급성은다차원충동성이론에서설명하는 5가지요인중하나이다. 다차원적충동성이론 (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001) 은 Eysenck (1977), Gray (1981), Franken 과 Muris (2006) 등다양한이론들간에혼란되어있던충동성의개념을성격적인관점에서통합하고정리하여만들어진이론이다. Cyder (2007) 는여러가지충동성척도들을요인분석하여부정긴급성, 계획성부족, 지속성부족, 감각추구등의총 4개의하위요인으로구성된새로운충동성척도 Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking (UPPS) 를개발하였고, 이후요인분석을통해긍정긴급성을추가하여 Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) 를완성하였다. UPPS-P 는충동행동에이르는 5 가지성격경로가존재한다고가정한다. 첫째, 부정긴급성 (negative urgency) 은강렬한부정적인감정적상태에서성급하게행동하는경향성을말한다. 둘째, 긍정긴급성 (positive urgency) 은강렬한긍정적인감정상태에서성급하게행동하는경향성을말한다. 셋째, 계획성부족 (lack of premeditation) 은행동하기전에자신의행동의결과를숙고하는경향성의부족으로정의된다. 넷째, 지속 785

3 Byeon and Lee 성부족 (lack of perseverance) 은지루하고어려운과제에주의를유지할수있는능력의부족을말한다. 다섯째, 감각추구 (sensation seeking) 란흥분되는활동을즐기고추구하는경향성, 그리고위험할수도있는새로운경험에대한개방성으로정의된다. 다차원적충동성이론에근거한폭식행동관련연구를살펴보면, Fischer 등 (2002) 의연구에서여대생의폭식증은전통적인충동성개념인계획성부족과는관련이없고부정긴급성과관련이있는것으로나타났다. Jeon (2011) 의연구에서는부정정서조급성, 계획결여, 인내결여, 긍정정서조급성이폭식과유의미한정적상관을보였으며, 그중부정정서조급성은부정정서를경험하여폭식행동으로이어질때조절효과를보인다고밝혔다. 또한 Lim (2014) 의연구에서도부정긴급성, 긍정긴급성, 지속성결여, 계획성부족은폭식과유의미한상관을보였으나감각추구와는유의미한상관을보이지않았다. 이처럼국내에서도다차원적충동성개념을사용한연구들이이루어지고있으나아직시작단계이며, 다차원적충동성과부정정서, 더나아가긍정정서와의관련성을직접적으로다룬연구는더욱부족한실정이다. 한편폭식장애는성특정적이라할만큼남성보다는여성의장애로알려져있다 (Hoek, 2006). 그러나 Thelen과 Smith (1998) 의연구에서는성인남성과청소년기소년에서의폭식증비율은성인여성이나청소년기소녀와같다고보고하고있으며, 심지어남자의비율이높다는보고도있다 (Johnson, Rohan, & Kirk, 2002; Lee, 2011). 즉, 남성과여성이모두폭식행동과폭식장애에취약할수있다. Hus (1989) 의연구에따르면여자들은섭식장애가더빈번하게발생한다고밝혔으며, Striegel 등 (2012) 의연구에서는남성의폭식행동경험이여성에비해덜감정적이라고밝혔다. 또한성인남성과여성의폭식장애를비교한 Tanofsky, Wilfley, Spurrell, Welch 과 Brownell (1997) 의연구에서남성과여성의몸매, 체중, 대인관계, 자부심에서는차이가없었으나남성이여성보다약물사용의빈도가유의미하게높았으며, 여성의경우부정적인감정, 특히불안, 우울, 좌절등에대한반응으로섭식을보고할가능성이높다고밝혔다. 뿐만아니라충동성에있어서도성차가나타나는데다차원적충동성이론에따른하위요인의성차를밝힌연구는없었으나, 일반적인충동성을연구한 Seo (2011) 의연구에서남자아동의경우무계획적행동특성이높고, 여자아동의경우정서조절의결함이남자아동보다높았다고보고한바있다. 이상의선행연구들을종합해볼때, 폭식행동에이르는기제는성별에따라차이가있을것으로예상되며, 여성의경우정서에대한반응으로폭식행동을보일때정서와관련된충동성의하위요인 ( 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성 ) 이조절효과를보일것으로예상된다. 이상의내용을종합해보면, 기존의연구들에서는폭식행동과관련되는정서적특성으로부정정서에만초점을맞추었으나 (Lee, 2012) 본연구에서는부정정서와긍정정서를모두측정하여두정서와폭식행동간의관계를밝히고, 긍정및부정정서와폭식행동간의관계에영향을미칠수있는충동성의조절효과를 UPPS-P 모델에근거하여검증하고자한다. 또한, 폭식행동과관련되는변인들에성차가있을것으로예상되는바성별에따른충동성의조절효과를구체적으로확인하고자한다. 방법연구대상서울에소재한 5개고등학교 1, 2학년에재학중인 320명의학생들이연구에참여하였으며서면으로동의를받은후진행하였다. 이중불성실하거나무성의한설문지 36부를제외하고 284부를최종분석에사용하였다. 284명중남자는 131명 (46%), 여자는 153명 (54%) 이었다. 연구대상의학년은 1학년 180명 (63%), 2학년 89명 (31%), 무응답 15명 (6%) 이었다. 체중은최저 40 kg부터 100 kg까지였으며, 신장은 150 cm에서 188 cm까지였다. 전체연구대상중다이어트경험이있다고응답한학생은 103 명 (36.3%) 이었다. 측정도구신경성폭식증검사개정판 (Bulimia Test Revised, BULIT-R) BULIT-R은 Smith와 Thelen (1984) 가개발한 BULIT를 1991년 Thelen (1991) 이개정한것으로폭식증의치료효과로인한변화를측정할뿐만아니라폭식증을가진사람을선별하기위한자기보고식척도이다. 신경성폭식을측정하는 28개문항과체중조절행동을측정하는 8개문항을포함하여총 36개의문항으로구성되어있으나, 본연구에서는 Jeon (2011) 가요인분석을통해밝힌폭식행동을측정하는 16개문항만을사용하였다. 각문항은 전혀그렇지않다 (1 점 ) 부터 늘그렇다 (5점) 까지평정하도록되어있으며, 점수가높을수록폭식행동을많이한다는것을의미한다. 본연구에서내적합치도 (Cronbach s α) 계수는.87로나타났다. 정적및부적정서척도 (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS) 개인의긍정정서와부정정서의정도를측정하기위해 Watson 등 (1988) 이개발한 PANAS를 Lee (1994) 이번안한것을사용하였다. 정적정서와부적정서각각에해당되는형용사 10개씩총 20문항으로이루어져있으며각문항이자신에게해당되는정도를 전혀 786

4 Binge Eating Behavior and Impulsivity 그렇지않다 (1 점 ) 부터 매우많이그렇다 (5점) 로평정하게되어있다. 본연구에서나타난내적합치도계수 (Cronbach s α) 는긍정정서.81, 부정정서.88로나타났다. 한국판다차원충동성척도 (Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation seeking, Positive urgency, UPPS-P) UPPS-P는충동성을측정하는도구로 Whiteside와 Lynam (2003) 이개발하고 Whiteside와 Cyder (2006) 가개정한자기보고형질문지로 59문항으로구성되어있다. 원척도는부정긴급성 (negative urgency), 계획성부족 (lack of premenditation), 지속성부족 (perseverance), 감각추구 (sensation seeking) 의 4개하위요인으로이루어져있으나긍정긴급성 (positive urgency) 이개정과정에서추가되어총 5개의하위요인으로구성되어있다. 본연구에서는 Lim과 Lee (2014) 가국내대학생을대상으로 5가지하위요인으로타당화한한국판다차원충동성척도 UPPS-P 척도를사용하였다. Whiteside와 Lynam (2001) 은충동행동이각각다른 5가지성격경로로발전한다는가정하에 5가지하위요인을개발하였으며, 5가지하위요인들이각각다양한위험행동들과상이한관련성을보인다고제안한만큼본연구에서는총점이아닌 5개의하위요인점수를분석에사용하였다. 각문항은 매우동의한다 (1 점 ) 부터 매우동의하지않는다 (4 점 ) 의 4점리커트척도로평정하도록구성되어있으며, 본연구에서는각척도의하위요인점수를분석에활용하였다. 내적합치도 (Cronbach s α) 계수는긍정긴급성.81, 부정긴급성.77, 계획성부족.81, 지속성부족.72, 감각추구.82였다. 분석방법본연구에서는 SPSS 21.0을사용하여다음의분석을실시하였다. 먼저, 주요변인들의기술통계와성별에따른차이를알아보기위해 t검증을실시하였다. 다음으로, 남녀집단에서각변인간의관 계를알아보기위해상관분석을실시하였다. 마지막으로, 남녀집단에서충동성의 5개하위요인이각각긍정및부정정서와폭식행동사이를조절하는지알아보기위해총 20번의위계적회귀분석을실시하였다. 위계적회귀분석은다중공산성문제를해결하기위해독립변인과조절변인을평균중심화한후 1단계에독립변인, 2 단계에조절변인과상호작용항을투입하여분석하였다. 또한조절효과를보인변인에대해서는평균을기준으로고저집단을나누어단순기울기분석 (simple slope analysis; Aiken & West, 1991) 을실시하였다. 결과주요변인의기술통계및상관먼저, 성별에따라고등학생의긍정및부정정서, 충동성, 폭식행동의차이를검증하기위해 t검증을실시하였으며 (Table 1), 다음으로주요변인간의상관관계를 Table 2에제시하였다. Table 1을보면, 긍정정서는남학생이여학생에비해유의미하게높았던것으로나타났으며, 부정정서와폭식행동에서는성별에따른유의미한차이가없었다. 다만충동성하위요인중계획성부족과지속성부족은남학생보다여학생이, 감각추구, 긍정긴급성은여학생보다남학생이높은것으로나타났다. Table 2를보면, 남학생은긍정및부정정서와폭식행동간에관련성이없었으나, 여학생은긍정정서혹은부정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이증가하고충동성도높아지는것을알수있다. 또한남학생과여학생모두긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이높을수록폭식행동도증가하였다. 남녀집단의상관계수를비교했을때, 여자집단이충동성의하위요인과폭식행동간의관련성이더높은경향이있었다. 긍정정서와남녀고등학생의폭식행동 : 충동성의조절효과 Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations of Study Variables Scales Sub scales M (SD) Male (n = 131) Female (n = 158) t Positive affect (6.19) (6.84) 3.96*** Negative affect (8.52) (7.86) Binge eating (9.77) (10.97) -.90 UPPS-P Lack of premeditation (4.18) (4.53) -2.48* Lack of perseverance (3.31) (3.29) -3.78*** Sensation seeking (6.21) (5.87) 2.07* Positive urgency (5.41) (6.07) 4.06*** Negative urgency (4.73) (5.41) 1.40 *p <.05. ***p <

5 Byeon and Lee Table 2. Correlations of Study Variables by Gender Positive affect -.33**.24** **.29**.16 2 Negative affect ** **.13.44**.49** 3 Binge eating **.36**.55**.59** 4 Lack of premeditation -.21*.05.19* -.55** Lack of perseverance **.34**.53** **.46** 6 Sensation seeking ** -.34**.23** 7 Positive urgency ** ** -.77** 8 Negative urgency *.46**.14.33**.21*.70** - Note. Females above diagonal; males below diagonal. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. Table 3. Moderating Effects of UPPS-P between Positive Affect and Binge Eating Behavior Main effect Independent variable (A) Moderator variable (B) A B Interaction effect B (β) B (β) Male Positive affect Lack of premeditation -.02 (-.01).44* (.19) -.02 (-.04) Lack of perseverance.05 (.03).90*** (.31).09* (.20) Sensation seeking -.10 (-.06).19 (.12) -.03 (-.11) Positive urgency -.01 (-.01).54** (.30) -.05 (-.16) Negative urgency.05 (.03).97*** (.47) -.02 (-.05) Female Positive affect Lack of premeditation.41** (.26).30 (.12).02 (.05) Lack of perseverance.43*** (.27) 1.16*** (.35) -.00 (-.01) Sensation seeking.15 (.10).57** (.30) -.01 (-.03) Positive urgency.15 (.10).90*** (.50).04* (.14) Negative urgency.27* (.17) 1.13*** (.56).04* (.13) *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. 먼저, 충동성의하위요인 5개가각각긍정정서와폭식행동간의관계를조절하는지검증하기위해남녀집단에서각각 5번의위계적회귀분석을실시하였다. 이를 Table 3에제시하였다. 남학생의경우, 충동성의하위요인 5개를조절변인으로투입했을때지속성부족요인만이긍정정서와남학생의폭식행동간의관계를조절하는것으로나타났다. 지속성부족의상호작용효과를 Figure 1에제시하였다. 지속성부족이평균보다높은집단과낮은집단으로나누어그래프를제시하였다. Figure 1을보면, 지속성부족이높은경우긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이증가하는경향이었으나통계적으로유의하지는않은반면지속성부족이낮은경우긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이유의미하게감소하는것을알수있다. 지속성부족이높은집단 (β=.16, ns) 과낮은집단 (β=-.27, p< 05) 의기울기유의성을검증한결과낮은집단에서유의미하게나타났다. 반면, 여학생의경우충동성의하위요인 5개를조절변인으로투입했을때, 긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이긍정정서와폭식행동간 Binge eating Low Low lack of perseverance High lack of perseverance Positive affect β =.16 β = -.27* High Figure 1. Moderating effect of lack of perseverance between male s positive affect and binge eating. *p <.05. 의관계를조절하였다. 긍정긴급성과부정긴급성의상호작용효 과를 Figure 2 와 Figure 3 에제시하였다. 긍정긴급성과부정긴급 788

6 Binge Eating Behavior and Impulsivity 33 Low positive urgency High positive urgency 33 Low negative urgency High negative urgency β=.23* 32 β=.23* 32 Binge eating β =.13 Binge eating β = Low High 29 Low High Positive affect Positive affect Figure 2. Moderating effect of positive urgency between female's positive affect and binge eating. *p <.05. Figure 3. Moderating effect of negative urgency between female's positive affect and binge eating. *p <.05. Table 4. Moderating Effects of UPPS-P between Negative Affect and Binge Eating Behavior Main effect Independent variable (A) Moderator variable (B) A B Interaction effect B (β) B (β) Male Negative affect Lack of premeditation.15 (.13).41* (.17) -.03 (-.08) Lack of perseverance.04 (.03).95*** (.32) -.04 (-.10) Sensation seeking.18 (.15).18 (.11).00 (.01) Positive urgency.11 (.10).45** (.25).00 (.00) Negative urgency.06 (.05).93*** (.45) -.01 (-.04) Female Negative affect Lack of premeditation.38** (.28).32 (.11).04 (.14) Lack of perseverance.28* (.20).88** (.26).02 (.03) Sensation seeking.36** (.25).60*** (.32).03 (.13) Positive urgency.05 (.03).92*** (.51).01 (.06) Negative urgency -.05 (-.04) 1.20*** (.60).02 (.10) *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. 성각각평균보다높은집단과낮은집단으로나누어그래프를제시하였다. Figure 2를보면, 긍정긴급성이높을경우에는긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이유의하게증가하는반면, 긍정긴급성이낮은경우에는긍정정서를많이경험하여도폭식행동이거의증가하지않는것을알수있다. 긍정긴급성이높은집단 (β =.23, p<.05) 과낮은집단 (β=.13, ns) 의기울기유의성을검증한결과높은집단에서만기울기가유의미한것으로나타났다. 또한 Figure 3을보면, 부정긴급성이높을경우긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이유의하게증가하는반면, 부정긴급성이낮은경우긍정정서를많이경험하여도폭식행동이거의증가 하지않는것을알수있다. 부정긴급성이높은집단 (β =.23, p<.05) 과낮은집단 (β=.22, ns) 의기울기유의성을검증한결과높은집단에서만기울기가유의미한것으로나타났다. 부정정서와남녀고등학생의폭식행동 : 충동성의조절효과다음으로충동성의 5개하위요인이부정정서와폭식행동간의관계를조절하는지검증하기위해남녀집단에서각각 5번의위계적회귀분석을실시하였다. 이를 Table 4에제시하였다. 남학생의경우, 부정정서와폭식행동의관계에대한다차원적충동성의 5개하위요인의조절효과를검증한결과계획성부족, 지속성부족, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성의주효과만유의미하였다. 그러나여학생의경우, 부정정서와계획성부족의관계에서는부정 789

7 Byeon and Lee 정서의주효과만나타났으며, 부정정서와지속성부족, 감각추구의효과를검증한결과에서는세변인모두폭식행동에대한주효과가유의미하였다. 그러나부정정서와긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성의효과를검증한결과긍정긴급성과부정긴급성의주효과만나타났다. 남녀모두부정정서와폭식행동간의관계는충동성의하위요인들이조절하지않는것으로나타났다. 논의본연구에서는다차원적충동성모델에근거한 5가지충동성요인 ( 계획성부족, 지속성부족, 감각추구, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성 ) 이긍정및부정정서와폭식행동간의관계를조절하는지확인하고자하였다. 또한여자고등학생에비해연구가부족했던남자고등학생의폭식행동에대하여알아보고자하였다. 본연구의주요결과를논의하면다음과같다. 첫째, 성별에따라주요변인의차이가있는지알아보았다. 그결과, 폭식행동에서의남녀차이는없는것으로나타났다. 이는섭식문제가여성의고유영역으로여겨져왔으나남성에게도일어난다고보고한 Lee (2001) 의연구와일치하는결과이다. 또한 DSM-Ⅳ 에서미래에연구되어야할예비진단으로폭식장애를제안한후폭식장애의유병률성비는남성대여성의비율이거의 2:3에가까운것으로나타났다는선행연구 (Smith, Marcus, & Eldredge, 1994) 와일치하는결과이다. 긍정및부정정서, 충동성의 5가지하위요인의남녀차이를살펴본결과, 긍정정서, 긍정긴급성, 감각추구의경우남학생이여학생보다평균이더높은것으로나타났으나부정정서, 부정긴급성에서는남녀차이가유의미하지않은것으로나타났다. 이러한결과는여자청소년들이부정적인정서를더많이경험한다는연구들 (Brody, 1993; Ha, Oh & Song, 2003; Han & Lee, 2007) 과상반된다. 하지만초등학교 5, 6학년, 중학교, 고등학교인문계, 상업계를구분하여남녀청소년 2,050명을대상으로청소년기의부정정서경험을연구한 Park과 Kim (1999) 의연구에서는중학교에들어서면서성차가발현되지만고등학교 2학년무렵성차가사라진다고밝혔으며, 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년, 중학교, 고등학교남학생 1,447명, 여학생 1,789 명을대상으로청소년기우울및불안을연구한 Shin, Chung 과 Kim (2012) 의연구에서도고등학교시기에는성차가없다고밝혔는데, 이는고등학생을대상으로진행된본연구에서성차가나타나지않은결과와일치한다. 또한긍정정서는남학생이여학생보다높은것으로나타났는데이는남녀의기질차이로설명할수있다. 기질에관한메타분석을실시한 Else-Quest와 Hyde (2006) 는 기질적으로남성과여성의부정적정서의차이는없다고밝혔으며, 다만남성의경우여성에비해활동성, 강렬한긍정정서, 충동성이높다고밝혔다. 본연구에서부정정서는남녀차이가드러나지않은반면긍정정서는남학생들이여학생들보다더많이경험하는것으로나타난것은이상의연구와일치하는결과로생각해볼수있다. 한편, 감각추구는남학생들에게서더높게나타났는데, 이는 Seo (2011) 의연구에서남자아동의경우무계획적행동특성이높게나타난것과관련지어생각해볼수있다. 계획성부족과지속성부족에서도남녀간의유의미한차이가나타났는데, 여학생이남학생보다계획성부족과지속성부족이높은것으로나타났다. 다차원적충동성의 5개하위요인의성차를밝힌연구는아직없었으나, 계획성부족과지속성부족은심사숙고및주의지속능력의부족과관련한인지적충동성의개념으로설명할수있다. 여성을대상으로한충동성연구에서어떤일에도몰두하기가어렵고, 복잡한일을생각하려고하면곧싫증이나는인지적충동성이충동성의하위요인중가장높은점수를보였으며 (Lee & Oak, 2012; Woo, 2012), 충동성의성차를검증한 Hwang (2013) 의연구에서는여성의인지충동성이더높다고밝혔다. 본연구에서긍정긴급성은남학생이더높았지만부정긴급성에서는남녀의차이가나타나지않았다. 이와같이다차원적충동성의 5개하위요인에서성차가나타나고있으나이에대한선행연구들은매우부족한실정이다. 따라서다차원적충동성이론을바탕으로한성차연구가보다많이이루어질필요가있다. 둘째, 긍정및부정정서, 다차원적충동성 ( 계획성부족, 지속성부족, 감각추구, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성 ), 폭식행동간의관계를알아보기위해상관분석을실시하였다. 그결과남녀모두지속성부족, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성과폭식행동은정적상관을보였으며, 여학생의경우감각추구와폭식행동은정적상관을, 남학생의경우계획성부족과폭식행동이정적상관을보였다. 본연구의결과는충동성이증가할수록폭식행동이증가한다는선행연구들 (Anestis, Selby, & Joiner, 2008; Racine et al., 2013) 과일치하며, 폭식행동을유발하는성격적특성으로충동성이작용하고있음을시사한다. 남학생에게서는긍정및부정정서가폭식행동과상관을보이지않았으며, 여학생에게서만폭식행동과정적상관을보였다. 이는 Striegel 등 (2012) 의연구에서남성의폭식행동은여성에비해덜감정적이라고밝힌내용과일치한다. 또한여성이정서에대한반응으로섭식을보고할가능성이높다고밝힌선행연구들 (Lee, 2001; Striegel et al., 2012; Van Strien, Schipper & Cox, 1995) 과도일치하는결과이다. 그러나최근폭식행동의결정모형을검증한 Lee 790

8 Binge Eating Behavior and Impulsivity (2011) 의연구에서는남성이정서섭식을덜하는것으로보고되는것은남성이여성보다감정확인을어려워하기때문에정서가폭식에영향을미치지않는것처럼보일수있다고하였다. 즉, 남성의경우정서와섭식을연결하지못하거나정서를경험한결과로섭식을한다고보고하지않을가능성이있다. 따라서이에대한추가적인연구가필요하다. 여학생의경우긍정정서와폭식행동이정적상관을보였는데, 이는긍정정서와폭식행동간의유의한상관을보인선행연구 (Cho, 2010; Jun, 2012) 와일치하는결과이다. 사람들은긍정적인기분을느낄때외부의자극을긍정적인것으로판단하는경향이있으며, 이러한특성때문에음식을섭취하는순간긍정적인기분상태라면이를억제하지않는경향이있다 (Dingemans, 2009). 또한, 성별에따라긍정긴급성및부정긴급성과폭식행동간의상관을살펴보면남녀모두긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이폭식행동과높은상관을보였는데, 특히여학생에게서이러한상관관계가더높게나타났다. 이는남녀모두긍정및부정적인정서상태에서충동행동을하는경향성과폭식행동이관련이있고, 이러한관련성이여학생에게서보다두드러지게나타남을의미한다. 충동성의각하위요인들과관련되는억제기전은이질적이며 (Gay, Rochat, Billieux, d Acremont, & Van der Linden, 2008), 폭식행동에대한충동성의영향역시연구들마다상이하게나타나고있다 (Fischer & Smith, 2008). 따라서성별에따른충동성의 5개하위요인과폭식행동간의관계는추후재차검증되어야할필요가있겠다. 셋째, 긍정정서가폭식행동에미치는영향에서충동성의 5개하위요인 ( 계획성부족, 지속성부족, 감각추구, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성 ) 의조절효과를검증하였다. 그결과남학생의경우, 지속성부족이긍정정서와상호작용하여폭식행동에영향을주는것으로나타났다. 즉, 남학생의경우지속성부족이높을경우긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이증가하는경향을보인반면, 지속성부족이낮은경우긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이오히려유의미하게감소한다는것을알수있다. 남학생의긍정정서는폭식행동을직접적으로예측해주는변인은아니지만, 지속성부족이긍정정서가폭식행동에미치는영향을조절한다고할수있다. 지속성부족에대한연구는많이부족한상황이지만본연구에서는지속성부족이성격의 5요인중성실성과유사한개념으로사용되며 (Lim, 2014), 성격의 5요인중성실성이자기조절과관련된다 (Carver & Scheier, 2005) 는사실에근거하여지속성부족의조절효과를설명하고자한다. 자기조절능력이부족한사람은만족지연능력이부족하고충동적으로행동할가능성이높으며장기적인목표보다는단기적인보상을얻으려는경향이있는데이러한경향 의대안으로폭식행동을선택했을가능성이있다 (Cho, 2010). 즉, 지속성부족이높은남학생의경우긍정적인정서를느낄때단기적인보상으로쉽게선택할수있는폭식행동을할가능성이높아진다. 또한 Riley 등 (2015) 의연구에서지속성부족은비자해적인자기파괴행동의유지요인으로확인되었다. 비자해적인자기파괴행동에는흡연, 폭식, 폭음등이포함된다. 이연구에서도지속성부족이높은경우비자해적인자기파괴행동을대처하거나멈출수있는다른행동전략을세울수없기때문에비자해적인자기파괴행동을선택하는것이라고설명하였다 (Glenn & Klonsky, 2010). 뿐만아니라지속성부족을자기조절이라는개념에빗대어설명해보자면, Vohs와 Heatherton (2000) 는자기조절이제한된용량을가지고있다고하였다. 따라서앞서자기조절행위를했다면다음의자기조절행위는손상될수있다. 그러나자기조절능력이높은사람은자기조절자원의고갈이적어가용자원이충분한반면, 자기조절능력이낮은사람은자기조절자원이쉽게고갈되고자기조절적인행동을수행하기어려워진다. 남학생의경우여학생에비해긍정정서를많이경험하기때문에폭식행동을조절하기위해여학생에비해자기조절능력을더많이사용해야하고, 자기조절능력이낮은남학생의경우긍정정서상태에서자기조절능력을제대로발휘하지못하여폭식행동을할가능성이있다. 반면자기조절능력이높은즉, 지속성부족이낮은남학생의경우긍정정서를많이경험할경우폭식행동이오히려감소하였다. 이는자기조절능력이높은남학생은긍정정서를경험하더라도자기조절이가능하다는것을의미하며, 남학생에게는자기조절능력이폭식행동을줄이기위한중요한요인임을시사한다. 여학생의경우, 긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이긍정정서와상호작용하여폭식행동에영향을주는것으로나타났다. 즉, 여학생의경우긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이높을경우긍정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이유의하게증가하는경향을보인반면, 긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이낮은경우긍정정서를많이경험하더라도폭식행동이별로증가하지않는경향을보였다. 기존에는부정정서와폭식행동간의관계에서부정긴급성의조절효과를검증한연구들이대부분이었다. 그러나본연구에서는긍정정서와폭식행동간의관계를긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이모두조절하였다. 이는두변인모두정서에대한반응으로발생하기때문에, 부정긴급성또한조절효과를보인것으로생각된다. 이를 Lim (2014) 의연구에서는정서충동성이라는새로운개념으로설명하였으며, Jeon (2011) 의연구에서는부정긴급성과긍정긴급성을정서긴급성이라는하나의개념으로묶어설명하였다. 따라서본연구에서도긍정정서혹은부정정서를경험할때에충동적인행동을하는경향 791

9 Byeon and Lee 성을의미하는정서긴급성, 혹은정서충동성과유사한개념으로통합하여논의하고자한다. 긍정긴급성은주로긍정정서와음주행동사이의조절변인으로연구되어왔다. 남녀를구분하여자료를수집하지는않았으나긍정긴급성이높은경우긍정정서를고양하고자하는고양동기를매개로, 부정긴급성은부정적정서를완화하고자하는대처동기를매개로음주를하게된다는선행연구 (Coskunpinar & Cyder, 2010; Cyders et al., 2007) 가있었다. 대학생의경우사교적인목적과긍정적인정서를고양하기위해음주를한다는연구 (Kuntsche, Knibbe, Gmel, & Engels, 2005; Labrie, Hummer, & Pedersen, 2007) 가있으며, 긍정긴급성이높은사람들의경우긍정정서를경험할때충동행동을통해긍정적인강화를얻는다고밝힌연구 (Volkow & O' Brien, 2007) 도있었다. 이와같은선행연구들을참고할때, 긍정긴급성이높은경우긍정정서상태에놓이면충동행동을더쉽게하게되는데, 본연구의고등학생들은음주와유사한충동행동의일종인폭식행동을선택했을가능성이있다. 특히여성의경우에는정서섭식을하는경향이있기때문에긍정정서를경험할때쉽게폭식행동을선택하는것이라고생각해볼수있다. 마지막으로, 부정정서가폭식행동에미치는영향에서충동성의 5개하위요인 ( 계획성부족, 지속성부족, 감각추구, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성 ) 의조절효과를검증하였다. 그결과남학생과여학생모두조절효과가나타나지않았다. 이는충동성이부정정서와폭식행동사이를조절한다고밝힌선행연구들 (Bekker, Meerendonk, & Mollerus, 2004; Fischer & Smith, 2008; Jeon, 2011) 과다른결과이다. 부정정서와폭식행동간의관계에서다차원적충동성의조절효과는나타나지않았으나성별에따라주효과에서차이가발견되었다. 남학생의경우, 부정적인정서맥락에서는충동성이폭식행동을증가시키는데기여하는가장큰성격특성으로작용하는것으로나타났다. 이는청소년기충동성과폭식행동간의관계를밝힌연구들 (Kim & Park, 2009; Pyle, Mitchell, & Eckert, 1981; Vitousek & Manke, 1994; Yoon, Shin, & Kim, 2014) 과일치하는결과로, 계획적이지못하고흥분하는특성을보이는행동적인충동성뿐만아니라인지적, 정서적충동성역시폭식행동에영향을미치는중요한특성임을알수있다. 그러나여학생의경우, 계획성부족과지속성부족으로대표되는인지충동성에대해서는부정정서의주효과와지속성부족의주효과가유의하였으며, 긍정긴급성과부정긴급성으로대표되는정서충동성에대해서는충동성이주효과만나타났다. 이는부정정서와폭식행동간의관계에서인지적인충동성과정서적인충동성이서로다른기제로작용할가능성을시사하는것이다. 예를들어정서충동성이높은사람들의경 우폭식행동이정서에대한대처과정에서발생한부적응행동일수있으나, 인지충동성이높은사람들의경우에는인지적인실행기능에서의결함과관련된것으로이해할수있다 (Lim, 2014). 그러나이러한해석은아직가설적인수준에불과하므로추가적인연구가요구된다. 본연구에서는고등학생을대상으로긍정및부정정서와폭식행동간의관계를계획성부족, 지속성부족, 감각추구, 긍정긴급성, 부정긴급성이각각다르게조절한다는사실과이러한조절효과가성별에따라다르게나타난다는사실을확인하였다. 이를통해본연구가갖는의의와임상적시사점은다음과같다. 첫째, 본연구는기존의부정정서이론을뒷받침할수있는연구로다차원적충동성이론을바탕으로정서와폭식행동간의관계를보다면밀하게살펴보았다. 특히여학생의경우부정정서는그자체만으로도폭식행동을일으키는강력한변인임을보여주었으며, 긍정정서에대해서는정서긴급성이폭식행동과의관계를조절함을보여줌으로써긍정정서상태에서는긍정긴급성이나부정긴급성과같은정서긴급성을완화시킬수있는정서조절에대한개입이폭식행동을예방할수있음을시사하였다. 성별에따라긍정정서와부정정서각각이폭식행동으로이르는과정을보다심층적으로살펴보는연구들이진행될필요가있겠다. 즉, 긍정및부정정서가남녀의폭식행동에미치는영향을차별적으로설명할수있는매개변인에대한검증이요구된다. 둘째, 본연구에서는다차원적충동성모델을토대로충동성의하위요인이폭식행동에서로다른영향을미치는것을확인하였다. 따라서긍정및부정긴급성으로분류되는정서충동성이높은청소년들에대해서는정서조절을위한프로그램을통해개입해야할것이며, 계획성부족이나지속성부족으로분류되는인지충동성이높은청소년들에대해서는부적응행동에직접개입하거나인지충동성과관련되는만족지연능력또는자기조절능력을향상시킬수있는프로그램을통해개입한다면폭식행동을감소시키는데도움이될수있겠다. 셋째, 긍정및부정정서, 다차원적충동성의 5개하위요인이폭식행동과가지는관련성에서성차를확인함으로써여학생의경우남학생에비해정서섭식을하고있다는것을확인하였으며, 남학생과여학생에게서각기다른하위변인의조절효과를확인하였다. 최근남성의폭식행동에대한연구도증가하고있으며, 정서와폭식행동과의관련성에서나타나는성차를설명하는연구또한증가하고있다. 본연구는남학생의폭식행동도임상적관심의대상이되어야함을보여주었다. 본연구의제한점과후속연구를위한제언은다음과같다. 첫째, 792

10 Binge Eating Behavior and Impulsivity 본연구는서울에거주하는일반청소년을대상으로하였다. 또한본연구의경우신경성폭식증의제반증상으로서의폭식행동이아닌순수한폭식행동을측정하고자 BULIT-R의문항중순수한폭식행동을평가하는 16문항만을수집하고분석하였다. 본연구는비임상집단의청소년을대상으로했기때문에긍정및부정정서, 충동성에따른폭식행동점수의변화량이크지않아조절효과가잘관찰되지않았을가능성이있다. 따라서후속연구에서는임상집단에서의재검증이필요할것으로보인다. 둘째, 본연구에서는자기보고식질문지만을사용하여자료를수집하였다. 이로인해객관성이다소떨어질수있다. 또한현재의상태에대한정확한평가보다 일주일간 혹은 평소자주느끼는것 을측정하도록되어있어정서와충동성이과소평가되었을가능성이있다. 추후연구에서는구조화된면담을통한객관적인정서상태의평가, 신경심리과제를통한충동성의평가, 폭식행동에대한직접관찰등보다객관적인평가방법을도입할필요가있겠다. 셋째, 본연구는정서와폭식행동을한달간의빈도로측정하여분석하였다. 이는선행연구를바탕으로폭식행동전에정서가선행됨을가정하고진행되었다. 그러나폭식행동에의해정서가유발된것인지정서에의해폭식행동이유발된것인지분명하지않다. 따라서추후종단연구나부정적인기분을유도한후폭식을측정하는등의실험연구를통해보다정확하게인과관계를파악할필요가있다. 본연구에서는남학생의경우긍정정서와폭식행동의관계를지속성부족이조절하며, 여학생의경우긍정정서와폭식행동의관계를긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이조절한다는사실을확인하였다. 또한남학생과여학생모두부정정서와폭식행동의관계는충동성이조절하지못하였으나폭식행동에대한주효과를가지는변인이서로다름을확인하였다. 본연구결과는성별, 정서상태, 충동성의하위요인에따른폭식행동에대한개입프로그램개발에유용한정보를제공할수있을것으로예상된다. 정서충동성이높은청소년에대해서는긍정정서를고양시킬수있는보다안전한다른방법을교육할필요가있고부정정서를감내하고이를조절하는방법에대한훈련이필요하겠다. 계획성부족이나지속성부족으로분류되는인지충동성이높은청소년들에대해서는충동행동을하기전에인지적전략을세울수있도록훈련시키며, 행동수정기법등을적용하여폭식행동을직접적으로감소시키는것이도움이될수있겠다. References Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage. America Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. America Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnosis and Statical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. Anestis, M. D., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2007). The role of urgency in maladaptive behaviors. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, Aversa, A., & Geliebter, A. (2003). Emotional eating in overweight, normal weight, and underweight individuals. Eating Behaviors, 3, Bekker, M. H. J., Meerendonk, C. V., & Mollerus, J. (2004). Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self perceived emotional eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, Brody, L. R. (1993). On understanding gender differences in the expression of emotion. Human Feelings: Explorations in Affect Development and Meaning, (pp ). Broadway, Hillsdale: The analytic press. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2005). Perspectives On Personality. Boston: Pearson Education. Cho, H. (2010). The relationship between self-control and binge eating behavior. (Unpublished master s thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Coskunpinar, A., & Cyders, M. A. (2010). Mediational role of motives in the relationship between urgency and alcohol. Poster presented at the symposium of the Alcoholism, Washington university school. Cyders, M. A., Smith. G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007). Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. Psychological Assessment, 19(1), Dingemans, A. E., Martijin, C., van Furth, E. F., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2009). Expectations, mood, and eating behavior in binge eating disorder. Beware of the bright side. Appetite, 53, Else-Quest, Nicole M., Hyde, Janet Shilbley, Goldsmith, H. Hill, van Hulle, & Carol A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament : A meta-analysis. Psycological Bulletin, 132, Eysenck, S. B. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1977). The place of impulsiveness in a dimensional system of personality description. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16, Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A trans-diagnostic theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, Fischer, S., & Smith, G. T. (2008). Binge eating, problem drinking, and pathological gambling: Linking behavior to shared traits 793

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13 Byeon and Lee Application of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, Woo, J. (2012). A study on effect of the food art therapy program on middle school female students depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness. (Unpublished master s thesis). School of Education Sunchon National University. Sunchon, Korea. Yoon, C., Shin, J., & Kim, J. (2014). The effect of female adolescents rejection sensitivity, impulsivity and guilt on binge eating behavior. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 32, 국문초록긍정및부정정서가남녀고등학생의폭식행동에미치는영향 : 다차원적충동성 (UPPS-P) 의조절효과변지애 이주영동덕여자대학교아동학과본연구에서는남녀고등학생의긍정및부정정서가폭식행동에미치는영향에서다차원적충동성이론에따른충동성의조절효과를검증하고자하였다. 서울에위치한고등학교 1, 2학년학생 284명이연구에참여하였다. 분석결과폭식행동의성차는없는것으로나타났으며계획성부족, 지속성부족은여학생이남학생보다유의하게높은것으로나타난반면감각추구, 긍정긴급성, 긍정정서는남학생이유의하게높았다. 성별에따른상관분석결과, 여학생의경우긍정정서혹은부정정서를많이경험할수록폭식행동이증가하고충동성이높아졌다. 또한남학생과여학생모두긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이높을수록폭식행동이증가하였다. 또한남녀집단에서충동성의 5개하위요인이각각긍정정서와폭식행동간의관계를조절하는지알아본결과, 남학생의경우지속성부족이긍정정서와폭식행동간의관계를조절하였으나, 여학생의경우긍정긴급성과부정긴급성이긍정정서와폭식행동간의관계를조절하였다. 부정정서와폭식행동간의관계에서는남녀모두조절효과가나타나지않았다. 본연구의시사점및제한점에대해논의하였다. 주요어 : 긍정정서, 부정정서, 폭식행동, 다차원적충동성, 고등학생, 성차 796