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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 46, N. 2, pp. 146 ~154, Develpment f Ultra-high Capacitance MLCC thrugh Lw Temperature Sintering Sung-Bum Shn, Hy-Sub Kim, Sn-M Sng, Yung-Tae Kim, and Kang-Hen Hur* Material Develpment Grup, LCR Divisin, Samsung Electr-Mechanics, Suwn , Krea *LCR Develpment Team, LCR Divisin, Samsung Electr-Mechanics, Suwn , Krea (Received Nvember 14, 2008; Accepted December 9, 2008) mw š MLCC Á½z Á Á½ káx x*» LCR *» LCR LCR q ( ; ) ABSTRACT It is necessary t minimize the thickness f Ni inner electrde layer and t imprve the cverage f inner electrde, fr the purpse f develping the ultra high-capacity multi layered ceramic capacitr (MLCC). Thus, lw temperature sintering f dielectric BaTiO 3 ceramic shuld be precedently investigated. In this wrk, the relatinship between dielectric prperties f MLCC and batch cnditin such as mixing and milling methds was investigated in the BaTiO 3 (BT)-Dy-Mg-Ba system with brsilicate glass as a sintering agent. In additin, several chip prperties f MLCC manufactured by lw temperature sintering were cmpared with cnventinally manufactured MLCC. It was fund that lw temperature sintered MLCC shwed better DC-bias prperty and lwer aging rate. It was als cnfirmed that the thickness f Ni inner electrde layer became thinner and the cverage f inner electrde was imprved thrugh lw temperature sintering. Key wrds : Ultra high capacitance MLCC, BaTiO 3, Lw temperature sintering 1.»/ t xy, y» yƒ w d fq l (Multi Layer Ceramic capacitr; MLCC) w x, š y ƒš. d fq l d d, š dy š size š (4.7 µf ) MLCC w 1.5 µm w Ì BaTiO 3 d 300d dw x wš, x š p» w 1.0 µm w d š d y w. 1) š d fq l w š dy» v, ü dy (0.5 µm w) (cverage) w w w w w. Crrespnding authr : Sung-Bum Shn sb.shn@samsung.cm Tel : Fax : (2062) x, w x š MLCC w» w š mw š MLCC w š. ù š w, DC vltage ƒ, DCbias p x w. ù, ü dy mw w j, y w DC-bias p j w. wr, nte PCù HHP»/ t, û» y w š. w fq l 0.25~0.3 Vrms j» nise w w. y, signal nise ƒ f, fq l AC p w., AC w w. fq l w ƒ w ƒ j w w.»w x w ƒ 146
2 mw š MLCC 147 û w., Ni ü d w C û ( 900~950 C), ƒ ùe ü d d eƒ y d (delaminatin)ƒ»». w, š ( ) w Ni d w e j w., ü dy w w Ni ü d d ƒ (1100 C w, ª 950 C z) w v. 2,3)» wš š w brsilicate glass k 150 nm BaTiO 3 (BT) ww glass w, glass w d e(s-chip) sƒ ww, 1040 ~1060 C glass ww» w. 3) ù, w MLCC w w, 80 C ƒ w x» w S-chip x w w y. w q w» w ƒ /, w y w batch x q w., slurry t ƒ» y y w, w» batch w v ƒ. ww batch w, š MLCC(05A475) w p,» p sƒw. ù ƒ (1150 C ) chip /sƒ mw š chip ƒ mwš w x Glass k, 150 nm BaTiO 3 ( w BT) ƒ w ùkü brsilicate glass nan sizey w w. w glass, š Table 1 ùkü, glass s Table 1. Particle Size and High Temperature Fluidity f Brsilicate Glass Used in this Wrk Particle Prperty D 50/SEM D max/sem SSA 168 nm 203 nm 17.7 m 2 /g High temperature fluidity (heating-micrscpe/10 C/min in air) 700 C 800 C 900 C 950 C 1000 C Table 2. Ceramic Additive Cmpsitins fr Lw Temperature Sintering, LTS151 (fr BT = 100%, BT = 150 nm Grade / Glass = Brsilicate Glass) LTS151 cmpsitins (atmic %) Mg Dy Mn Ba Glass ƒ, š BT sƒ» š w. 3) ƒ sl» w milling BaTiO 3» p y4) w m w, 150 nm BT ww ƒ w» Table 2 ƒ sl w. BT cre-shell shell w m 5,6), š 6,7) 05 3) mw y, BT w š w shell x w Dy w. ƒ ƒ MgO(Ube Materials, 500A), Dy 2 O 3 (Shinetsu, UU-HP type), Mn 3 O 4 (Han-chang, 99.9%), BaCO 3 (Sakai, BW-KHR20) w glass» w brsilicate x ù w. wr, BT w w 150 nm (T-150 ) t (SSA;Specific Surface Area) 6.2 m /g 2 ùkü.» ƒ w ƒ batch BT p q wš, glass w ƒ sl Table 3 ƒ ƒƒ w., glass n w (1) ƒ n w (2) BT ƒ sl yw n w w š, ƒ (1) milling 46«2y(2009)
3 손성범 김효섭 송순모 김영태 허강헌 148 Preparatin Cnditins and Several Prperties f Additive Sl fr Lw Temperature Sintering # 1 additive # 2 additive # 3 additive 1.25Mg, 0.8Dy, 0.15Mn, 1.25Mg, 0.8Dy, 0.15Mn, 1.25Mg, 0.8Dy, 0.15Mn, Cmpsitin Ba, N Glass Ba, 1.5 Glass Ba, N Glass Synthesis Calcinatin(900C) Premixing Premixing UAM (8 pass) Premixing UAM (9 pass) prcess UAM (10 pass) Particle size D10 D50 D90 D99.9 D10 D50 D90 D99.9 D10 D50 D90 D99.9 Malvern (number) 46.3 m2/g 29.3 m2/g SSA 34.6 m2/g Table 3. Mrphlgy (FE-SEM) 한 경우와 (2) 하소열처리를 한 후 milling 한 경우의 두 가지로 나누어 첨가제 sl을 제작하였다. 이 때 milling은 apex mill 장비를 이용하여, beads size= 0.1 mm, 주속 =12 m/sec의 조건으로 진행하였다. 각 첨가제별 제조 방 법 및 첨가제 물성은 Table 3에 나타낸 바와 같다 Batch 조건별 slurry 제조 및 유전체 시편 제작 평가 / 제작된 각 첨가제 sl과 BT 분말을 혼합/해쇄하여 batch 조건별 3가지의 slurry를 제조/평가하고자 아래 Table 4와 같이 milling을 진행하여 물성을 평가하였다. 각 batch 조건에 따른 BT의 소결특성을 관찰하고자, 각 각의 slurry를 milling pass별로 sampling하여 유전체 bulk 시편 (이하 K2(square)로 명명, 9.7 mm 8.5 mm 1 mm 크기의 직사각형 시편)을 제작하였다. 이 때 binder는 BH3를 사용하였으며, 이 때 binder와 slurry는 고압분산기를 이용하여 3회 반복 혼합하였다. 제작한 각 K2는 tube furnace에서 하기와 같은 조건으로 열처리하여 제반 소결 특성을 평가하였다. 이 때의 승온속도 및 환원분위기 조 건은 2 C/min 및 수소 = 1%로서, 양산조건(15 C/min, 수소 = 0.1%)과는 상이하다. 이상의 K2 열처리 및 특성 평가로 부터 최적의 batch 조건을 선정하고자 하였다 MLCC 제작 및 물성 평가 상기의 K2 특성 평가로부터 선정한 최적 batch 조건을 이용하여 초고용량 MLCC(05A475)를 제작하였다. 선정된 batch 조건과 동일한 조건으로 slurry를 제작하여 MFD로 binder 혼합 후 하기와 같은 조건으로 MLCC를 제작하였 한국세라믹학회지 다. 이 때 이전 MLCC 결과와의 비교를 위하여, 기존 양 산 batch 조건으로 제작된 MLCC-1차 (저온소결용 조성 적용) 결과와의 비교 평가를 행하였다. 하기 Table 5의 MLCC-1차는 양산 batch 조건 적용예이며, MLCC-2차는 본 연구결과에서의 최적 batch 조건을 적용한 예이다. 또한 저온소결을 통해 제조된 MLCC와 기존 소성조건 으로 제조된 MLCC의 비교 평가를 위하여 T200(200nm 급 BT)+TDSC(소결조제로서 SiO 를 사용하는 고온소성 용 조성) 조건의 양산 MLCC를 reference로 선정하여 비 교/평가하였으며, 각각의 chip 설계조건 및 열처리 조건은 아래 Table 6과 같다. 2 Preparatin Cnditins and Characterizatin f BT Slurry Slurry classificatin Glass-free pre-dispersed sl #1 T150+#1 additive+glass Glass-cntaining pre-dispersed sl #2 T150+#2 additive Glass-free calcined sl #3 T150+#3 additive+glass Slurry milling cnditin [UAM] Beads=0.05 mm, Rtr speed=11 m/sec, Feeding rate=400 cc/min, S/R rati=19/1 Slurry characterizatin PSA, SSA(BET), Pwder mrphlgy(fe-sem), Crystallinity(XRD), Dispersin state(epma) Table 4.
4 mw š MLCC 149 Table 5. Batch Cnditins fr MLCC 1st.and 2nd Test MLCC-1st MLCC-2nd Glass additin Milling cnditin Glasses are added with ther additives during the milling prcess Beads=0.1mm, Rtr speed=12m/sec Beads=0.05mm, rtr speed=11m/sec Final SSA 11.0 m 2 /g 9.9 m 2 /g Table 6. Chip Design and Heat-treatment Cnditins fr Cnventinal and Lw Temperature Sintered MLCCs Cnventinal chip Lw temp. sintered chip BT/additive cmpsitin T-200 / TDSC T-150 / LTS151 Dielectrics sheet thickness / # f layer 1.7 µm/265l 1.4µm / 290 L Internal Ni-paste / L/D thickness Sintering temperature Re-xidatin temperature Sintering atmsphere Mass prductin paste / 0.52 µm Mass prductin paste / 0.52 µm 1156 C 1085 C 1000 C 950 C N 2 +H 2 (0.1%) N 2 + H 2 (0.1%) Heating rate 15 C/min 15 C/min Fig. 2. Relatinship in SSA and particle size f several BT slurries x m e slurry y Fig. 1 ƒ slurry milling pass t y ùkü. Glassƒ w ƒ Fig. 3. Relatinship in SSA and BT crystallinity(k-factr) f several BT slurries. Fig. 1. Changes in SSA f several BT slurries with milling pass. w #2 slurry milling t yƒ glass w ƒ w ù slurry t y w j. Figs. 2 3 ƒ slurry t y s³ (D50) ùkü. ƒ l, ƒ slurry s³ ù BT batch (glass n»ù w ) t., w t slurry, batch w ùký w., glass n»ù w slurry 46«2y(2009)
5 손성범 김효섭 송순모 김영태 허강헌 150 Fig. 4. EPMA mapping images f several dielectric sheet with batch cnditins (Mg, Dy and Si). 의 입도 및 결정성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있 다. 그러나 slurry의 분산성 정도는 상기의 batch 조건에 따라 크게 좌우됨을 아래 Fig. 4의 EPMA mapping 결과 로부터 확인할 수 있었다 배치조건별 소결성 변화 K2 Figs. 5 및 6은 각 batch 조건별 slurry 종류에 대하여 유사한 비표면적을 갖는 조건에서의 K2 시편간 소결성 및 유전율의 변화를 나타낸 것이다. 상기의 각 그림들로부터 #2 slurry로부터의 K2가 가장 안정적인 소성 windw를 나타내며, 가장 양호한 저온소 결성을 보임을 알 수 있다. 이는 BT의 소결성이 milling 에 따른 평균입도나 비표면적의 변화보다도 (glass로 대 표되는) 액상의 분산성에 보다 많이 의존함을 나타내는 것이다. 이와 마찬가지로 소성온도에 따른 유전율의 변화 또한 분산성에 크게 의존함을 알 수 있는데, 특히 1050 C 이하 저온에서의 소결성은 batch 조건에 따른 glass의 분 산성에 크게 좌우됨을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 선분산 첨 가제 sl 대비 하소 첨가제 sl의 경우 소결성의 온도 의 존성이 상대적으로 크게 나타남을 관찰할 수 있으며, 저 온에서의 소결성 저하가 심하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있 한국세라믹학회지 었다. 따라서 저온소결용 첨가제로는 하소 열처리가 적합 하지 않다고 판단된다. 한편, Figs. 3과 6으로부터 BT의 소성 후 유전율은 milling에 따른 모재의 결정성 저하에 큰 영향을 받지 않 음을 알 수 있다. 즉 milling에 따른 결정성의 변화보다는 분산성에 기인한 소결성 변화가 유전율의 증감에 보다 밀 접한 연관이 있음을 뜻한다. 상기의 batch 조건별 BT의 소결성 변화를 관찰한 결과, #2 slurry의 제조조건, 즉 glass를 첨가제 sl 제조시 투입 하여, 선분산하는 방식 을 저온소결에 적합한 최적의 batch 조건으로 선정하였으며, 이를 이용하여 MLCC를 제작하 고자 하였다 Batch 조건별 의 제작 및 특성 평가 MLCC 당사는, 이전의 저온소결 연구결과를 바탕으로 실제 MLCC를 제작하여 물성평가를 실시한 바 있으나, 사전 실 험 결과와는 달리 소성온도 상승과 더불어 전기적 특성이 저하되었으며, 특히 고온 IR이 크게 저하(1 Vr 수준)되는 결과를 얻었다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 동일한 저온소 결용 조성(LTS151)의 첨가제 sl을 이용하여 BT와 첨가 제 sl 혼합/해쇄 단계에서의 batch 조건을 저온소결에 적
6 mw š MLCC 151 Fig. 5. Changes in sintering density f BT ceramics frm several batch cnditins (SSA f each green K2=9.8~9.9 m 2 /g). Fig. 7. Changes in sintering density f cver K2 fr each MLCC. Fig. 6. Changes in dielectric cnstant f BT ceramics frm several batch cnditins (SSA f Each Green K2=9.8~ 9.9 m 2 /g). ww w š MLCC w w. w» chip s ƒ ww MLCC-1 MLCC-2 slurry batch t»w. batch (MLCC-1 ) j» beads w (rtr speed) BT ƒ sl yw/w w. milling beads w yw ƒ j» w. ( 12 m/sec w pass t w Fig. 8. Changes in dielectric cnstant f cver K2 fr each MLCC. ƒw t ƒ ƒ w 11 m/sec w ), beads w chipping t y j w e q š. t ùe 4) w w yw w z š, beads size w batch w, t 9.5~10.0 m 2 /g w. Figs. 7~9» ƒ» batch MLCC cver K2 p ùkü. 46«2y(2009)
7 152 Á½z Á Á½ káx x Fig. 11. AC signal vltage dependence f capacitance f MLCCs (measured at 1KHz). Fig. 9. Changes in resistivity f cver K2 fr each MLCC. Fig. 10. DC-bias dependence f at 0.5 Vrms and 1KHz (MLCC = 1005 size, 4.7 µf, 4 V). ƒ l l e w MLCC cver K2. w Fig. 8 Fig. 5 ƒ batch w ùkû š. milling y w ùkù j w ùkû w. Fig. 8 milling 1 ù t w w š.» l batch MLCC, batch MLCC-1 w j y w, MLCC w ùkû. Table 7 MLCC- 1 n batch Table 7. Chip Prperties f MLCC 1st and 2nd Specimens MLCC-1st MLCC-2nd Dielectrics sheet thickness / # f layer 1.5 µm/300 L 1.4 µm/290l Apprpriate sintering temperature range 1110~1120 C 1085~1095 C (measured value) Capacitance (Cp) 3.8~4.2 µf 4.3~4.5µF Dissipatin Factr (DF) 4~6% 4.9~5.3% Shrt % 16~38% 16~26% Ht IR (150 C, 4 V) 1~1.5 Vr 2.6~2.8 Vr MLCC-2 n ƒ p w / w (» =1005 size, 4.7 µf, 4 V ) MLCC p x š MLCC» š x w 200 nm š ƒ (TDSC) w, 1150 C š w / š. DCbias p û, AC w j ùkù š. w, û mw ü dy mw w j, y w DC-bias p j w.» mw» š MLCC» wš w. x š» batch MLCC-2 chip Table 6 ù w.» ƒ MLCC w» p Figs ƒƒ w.» l, mw w wz
8 저온소결을 통한 초고용량 MLCC 개발 Fig. 12. Fig Crss-sectinal Views f Each MLCC (FE-SEM Observatin After Thermal Etching at 1000C) ((a) Cnventinally Sintered, (b) lw temperature sintered MLCC). Crss-sectinal views f each MLCC (FE-SEM bservatin after Ni remval by chemical etching) (a) cnventinally sintered : electrde t=0.7µm, cverage=77.9%, (b) lw temperature sintered M. 구에서의 MLCC가 고온에서 소결하여 제조된 기존의 MLCC 개발품에 비해, DC-bias 및 용량의 AC 전압에 대 한 의존성이 보다 양호함을 알 수 있다. 또한 시간에 따 른 용량감소율을 측정한 결과, 1000시간 경과 후 용량 감 소율도 기존 대비 약 10% 정도(25 15%) 향상되는 결과 를 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 차이는 주로 유전체의 미세구조나 전극연결성에 기인한 것으로서, Figs. 12 및 13에 나타낸 각 MLCC의 미세구조 관찰 결과들로부터 쉽 게 확인할 수 있다. 상기에 나타낸 바와 같이, 1100 C 이하의 저온소결을 통해 MLCC를 제조함에 따라 전극연결성은 약 10% 가까 이 증가하였으며, 내부전극의 두께 또한 0.05 µm 정도 얇 아졌음을 알 수 있다. 이와 더불어 모재 및 유전체 sheet 두께의 감소에 기인하여 grain size나 유전체층의 두께도 크게 감소하였음을 알 수 있는데, 특히 저온소결에 따른 미세구조의 균일화 (이상입성장의 부재)와 내부전극 연결 성의 균일화 등이 유전체의 박층화(0.7 µm)에도 불구하 고 고온 IR이 우수(150 C,4 V 조건에서 2.6 ~ 2.8 Vr)하게 나타난 주요 요인이었다고 판단된다. 이상의 제반 물성에 대한 비교/평가로부터, 본 연구에 서의 적정 batch 조건으로 제작한 MLCC를 1100 C 이하 저온에서 소성한 결과, 용량 구현 및 신뢰성의 확보와 더 불어 DC-bias 특성, 용량의 AC 전압 의존성 및 aging rate 등이 우수함을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 따라 저온소결 을 통한 고품질의 초고용량 MLCC 개발 가능성이 높음 을 확인할 수 있었다. 3. 결 론 본 연구에서는 저온소결용 조성을 이용한 MLCC 제작 시, 소결성을 저하시키며 동시에 제반 물성을 악화시키는 주요 원인인 batch 조건을 개선하기 위하여, 여러 가지 batch 조건에 따른 BT의 소결성 및 제반 chip 특성 평가 를 진행하였으며, 그 결과 하기와 같은 batch 조건을 최 적조건으로 선정할 수 있었다. (1) 첨가제 sl 제작 조건 : Glass를 포함 한 모든 nan 첨가제 분말을, 하소 열처리하지 않고 선분산후 혼합/분 쇄하여 제작함 제 46 권 제 2호(2009)
9 154 Á½z Á Á½ káx x (2) BT ƒ sl yw/w : y w beads size ƒ (0.05 mm)w, ƒ j» w w (11 m/sec ) yw/w w ( 12 m/sec w pass t w ƒw 11 m/sec w) w,» batch w MLCC (1005 size, 4.7 µf, 4 V ) 1100 C w w,» š (1150 C ) mw MLCC w. š w DC-bias p, AC aging rate w. w ³ w d d xw d w. mw št š MLCC ƒ y w. REFERENCE 1. X. H. Wang, R. Z. Chen, Z. L. Gui, and L. T. Li, The Grain Size Effect n Dielectric Prperties f BaTiO 3 Based Ceramics, Mater. Sci. Eng., B (2003). 2. Y. Sakabe, Recent Prgress n Multilayer Ceramic Capacitrs, MRS Int. Meet. Adv. Mater., (1989). 3. S. B. Shn, S. M. Sng, and S. Y. Ahn, Effect f Brsilicate Glass Cmpsitin n the Sintering Prperties and Reliability f BaTiO 3 Ceramics, pp.1-15, SEMCO 2005 Technical reprt, S. B. Shn, S. M. Sng, and S. Y. Ahn, Effect f Milling Cnditin n Lw-temperature Sinterability and Electrical Prperties f BaTiO 3 Ceramics, pp.1-17, SEMCO 2006 Technical reprt, H. Kishi, Y. Mizun, and H. Chazn, Base-metal Electrde-Multilayer Ceramic Capacitrs: Past, Present and Future Perspectives, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., (2003). 6. Y. Sakabe, Y. Hamaji, H. San, and N. Wada, Effects f Rare-earth Oxides n Reliability f X7R Dielectrics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., (2002). 7. H. Kutar, Develpment f Materials fr MLCC with Ni, SYRI seminar ( ). w wz
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