Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science Vol. 1 No. 1 pp.51~61 October 2013 ISSN : 2288-6079 셀프리더십과전공만족도가치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향 손민경, 김경화, 김혜서, 백소은, 정혜정, 이병호 영산대학교치위생학과 The Effect of Self-Leadership and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Students Min-Kyung Son, Kyoung-Hwa Kim, Hye-Seo Kim, So-Eun Baek, Hye-Jung Jung, Byung-Ho Lee Department of Dental Hygiene, Youngsan University ABSTRACT This study had collected 237 dental hygiene students in Busan, Ulsan and Kyungnam, in order to investigate self-leadership and major satisfaction on career decision-making self-efficacy of dental hygiene students and find relationship between these. A survey was conducted from April 1 through April 20, 2013, by using structured, self-administered questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation, using the SPSS software version 20.0 program. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The mean of hygiene student s self-leadership was 3.39 out of 5. In terms of sub-domain, self-compensation(3.79) is the highest, followed by self-expectation(3.47), and rehearsal(3.42). 2. In multiple regression analysis, constructive factor in self-leadership is most influential factor of career decision-making self-efficacy, followed by goal-setting, self-criticism, self-expectation. 3. The career decision-making self-efficacy was under the greatest influence of the general satisfaction, followed by curriculum satisfaction factor in major satisfaction. Key words : Dental hygienist, Self-Leadership, Self-Efficacy Corresponding author(leebh@ysu.ac.kr) - 51 -
Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science Vol.1 No.1 October 2013 Ⅰ. 서론 청소년시기를벗어난 20대는독립된성인으로서의성장을위한다양한선택을하게된다. 진로의선택또한이시기에이루어지게되며, 이러한진로의선택은단순히미래직업에대한정보수집과직업선택이상으로자신의능력발휘의기회, 대인관계, 사회경제적지위, 가치관과태도등생활전반에많은영향을미친다 [1]. 하지만우리나라의청소년기에는대학진학에있어전공분야에대한흥미나적성보다는대학합격에중점을둠으로인해진학후전공에대한적응이어렵거나만족도가낮아고민하는경우가많다. 따라서대학입시를위한고등학교의진로지도에있어개인의만족요인을중요요인으로고려하여대학생활에서의만족을예측하여진로선택을하도록지도하여야한다 [2]. 전공만족도란개인이결정한진로나직업에대한기준과비교하여현재자신이소속한전공에대한만족하는정도이다 [2]. 학생들의전공에대한만족수준이높을수록개인이진로와관련된의사결정에서필요한과업을성공적으로수행할수있으리라는믿음이커지며, 전공에대한만족수준이높을수록진로에대해뚜렷하면서도지속성있는진로의식을지닐가능성이높다 [3]. 치과위생사는구강보건분야의중요한일익을담당하는전문직업인으로뚜렷한직업의식을바탕으로자신의직업에대한확신과만족감이없으면효과적인업무수행을기대하기가어렵다 [4]. 셀프리더십은자기영향력을행사하기위해사용되는행위및인지능력을통틀어일컫는것으로, 스스로자신을리드하기위해취하는책임있는행동으로자율과책임이주어질때개인이자발적으로행동하는독특한행동방식이다 [5]. 급속한환경변화와치열한경쟁에서생존하기위해서는조직의유연성을바탕으로새로운변화를이끌기위한조직원의창조성과자율성이필요로하며, 이러한셀프리더십을발휘할수있는여건을마련할수있는 조직은경쟁력을확보할수있을것이다. Bandura[6] 에의해제안된자기효능감은개인이결과를얻는데필요한행동을성공적으로수행할수있는자신의능력에대한신념으로개인의행동과행동변화를예측하는데중요한역할을수행한다고하였고, Lent와 Hackett[7] 은개인의효능감은인간발달의모든측면에있어서어떤일을시작할것인지와어느정도그일을계속할것인지에결정적인영향을미친다고하였다. 국내연구 [8] 에서도대학생의자기효능감이높을수록학교생활적응도가높아지며, 학업, 취업스트레스가낮아지고, 학업성취도향상되어조직사회화에긍정적영향을미치는것으로보고되고있다. 자기효능감이인간행위와관련된다양한심리적변인을설명하기에 Hackett 과 Benz[9] 는진로선택과적응에관련되는개인적효능감에대해진료결정자기효능감에대해개념화하여, 진로와관련된과제, 결정, 적응과정등진로발달을결정하는모든것들과관련된자기효능감으로정의하였다. 점차전문화및세분화되고있는치과의료분야에서역할이증대되고있는치과위생사는비판적사고및높은만족도와자기효능감을갖출필요가있다 [10]. 따라서개인이진로에대한선택과성공적인직무수행을위해서진로결정자기효능감에대한다양한접근이필요하다. 지금까지셀프리더십, 전공만족도및진로결정자기효능감에대한연구는대부분전공만족도, 전공만족도와진로결정의관계, 셀프리더십등각각에대한연구로한정되어있었으며, 치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의셀프리더십, 전공만족도, 진로결정자기효능감의상호관계에대한연구는부족한실정이다. 따라서치과위생사로서효과적인직무수행을위해대학생활과전공에대한만족도를높이고개인의의식함양을도모하기위해치위생 ( 학 ) 과졸업예정자들을대상으로셀프리더십, 전공만족도, 진로결정자기효능감에관한연구를할필요가있다. 이에본연구는부산, 울산및경남소재치위생 ( 학 ) 과재학생중졸업예정자를대상으로그들의셀 - 52 -
The Effect of Self-Leadership and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Students 프리더십, 전공만족도를주요변인으로설정하여셀프리더십과전공만족도가진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향을분석함으로써치위생 ( 학 ) 과졸업예정자들의전공만족도를높이고자기주도적진로를결정하는데있어필요한기초자료를제공하는데그목적이있다. Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 연구대상 본연구는 2013년 4월 1일부터 2013년 4월 20일까지부산, 울산및경남지역소재대학치위생 ( 학 ) 과를대상으로사전에연구자의연구계획을각학과의관리자에게설명한후조사를승낙한 9개대학치위생 ( 학 ) 과졸업예정자인 3학년또는 4학년을대상으로조사하였다. 설문지는총 286부를배부하였으며이중에서불성실한응답을한 49부를제외한 237부가최종분석에사용되었다. 2. 연구도구및방법 1) 셀프리더십본연구에서의셀프리더십측정도구는 Manz[11] 가개발한설문지를기초로김 [12] 이수정해사용한도구를치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들에맞게재수정하여사용하였으며, 자기기대, 리허설, 목표설정, 자기보상, 자기비판, 건설적사고의 6개하위요인총 17문항으로구성되어있다. Likert 5점척도로 매우그렇다 5점에서 전혀그렇지않다 1점으로측정되었으며, 점수가높을수록셀프리더십수준이높음을의미한다. 본연구에서의 Cronbach s α 계수는자기기대 0.803, 리허설 0.707, 목표설정 0.579, 자기보상 0.660, 자기비판 0.708, 건설적사고 0.691이었고, 전체 Cronbach s ɑ 계수는 0.783 이었다. 2) 전공만족도전공만족도측정도구는이 [13] 가사용한전공만족도도구를이용하였다. 일반만족 6문항, 인식만족 6문항, 교과만족 2문항, 교수-학생간의관계만족 4문항으로총 18문항으로구성되어있다. Likert 5점척도로 매우그렇다 5점에서 전혀그렇지않다 1 점으로측정되었으며, 점수가높을수록전공만족도가높음을의미한다. 이 [13] 의연구에서 Crombach's ɑ 계수는 0.90 이었다. 본연구에서의 Cronbach s ɑ의계수는일반만족 0.885, 인식만족 0.871, 교과만족 0.583, 교수학생관계만족 0.818이었고, 전체 Cronbach s ɑ 계수는 0.904 이었다. 3) 진로결정자기효능감진로결정자기효능감을측정하기위해서본연구에서는이기학과이학주 [14] 가타당화시킨진로결정자기효능감도구를치위생 ( 학 ) 과에맞게수정하여사용하였다. 본도구의하위영역은정보수집, 목표설정, 진로계획, 문제해결, 자기평가의 5개총 23 문항으로구성되었으며, Likert 5점척도로 매우그렇다 5점에서 전혀그렇지않다 1점으로측정된다. 각항목최저 1점에서최고 5점으로측정되며, 점수가높을수록진로결정자기효능감수준이높음을의미한다. 본연구에서의 Cronbach s ɑ 계수는자기평가 0.835, 진로계획 0.832, 정보수집 0.656, 진로목표설정 0.593, 문제해결 0.604이었고, 전체 Cronbach s ɑ 계수는 0.885이었다. 3. 통계분석수집된자료는 SPSS for windows version 20.0을이용하여분석하였다. 연구대상자의일반적특성에대해서빈도및백분율을산출하여분석하였다. 셀프리더십, 전공만족도, 진로결정자기효능감에대해평균과표준편차의기술통계량을구하였고, 인구사회학적특성에따른셀프리더십, 전공만족도, 진로 - 53 -
Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science Vol.1 No.1 October 2013 결정자기효능감의차이는 t-test, 분산분석 (ANOVA) 을사용하였다. 셀프리더십, 전공만족도, 진로결정자기효능감의각변인들간의관계파악을위해선형회귀분석중단계적다중회귀분석을실시하였다. 7.6%, 대학원 6명 2.5%, 기타 5명 2.1%, 산업체 3명 1.3% 의순으로조사되었다 <Table 1>. 2. 셀프리더십, 전공만족도와진로결정자기효능감 Ⅲ. 연구결과 1. 연구대상의인구사회학적특성 연구대상자의일반적특성을살펴보면치위생 ( 학 ) 과지원동기는전문직이라서가 113명 47.7% 로가장많았으며, 부모님이나주위의권유가 74명 31.2%, 고교성적 22명 9.3%, 적성과흥미 14명 5.9%, 기타 14명 5.9% 의순으로나타났다. 희망진로는병원이 205명 86.5% 로가장많았고공무원 18명 치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의셀프리더십정도는 3.39, 전공만족도정도는 3.47, 진로결정자기효능감은 3.18로조사되었다. 셀프리더십의하부요인별로살펴보면, 자기보상이 3.79로가장높았으며, 자기비판이 3.10으로가장낮게나타났다. 전공만족도를하부요인별로살펴보면, 인식만족 3.79, 교수학생관계만족 3.47, 일반만족 3.34, 교과만족 3.09으로순으로조사되었다. 진로결정자기효능감의하부요인에서는문제해결요인이 2.83으로가장낮게나타났다 <Table 2>. <Table 1> General characteristics of the subjects Characteristics N % high school grades 22 9.3 invite friendly people 74 31.2 reason for department selection professional job 113 47.7 aptitudes and interests 14 5.9 etc. 14 5.9 hospital 205 86.5 graduate school 6 2.5 hope professional career related industry 3 1.3 public servant 18 7.6 etc. 5 2.1 high level 27 11.4 mid-upper level 94 39.7 academic performance middle level 81 34.2 low and medium level 30 12.6 low level 5 2.1-54 -
The Effect of Self-Leadership and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Students <Table 2> The Levels of Self-leadership, Major Satisfaction, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Variables Mean SD Self-expectation 3.47 0.62 Rehearsal 3.42 0.65 Goal-setting 3.42 0.56 Self-leadership Self-compensation 3.79 0.61 Self-criticism 3.10 0.68 Constructive thinking 3.17 0.60 Total 3.39 0.36 General satisfaction 3.34 0.63 Social perception satisfaction 3.79 0.62 Major Satisfaction Curriculum satisfaction 3.09 0.68 Relationship satisfaction 3.37 0.70 Total 3.47 0.50 Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy 3.18 0.43 3. 인구사회학적특성에따른셀프리더십, 전공만족도및진로결정자기효능감분석 4. 셀프리더십요인과진로결정자기효능감의상관관계 연구대상자의인구사회학적특성에따른셀프리더십, 전공만족도와진로결정자기효능감의집단간차이를산출한결과이다 <Table 3>. 지원동기를기준으로살펴보면, 전공에대한적성과흥미를고려하여진학한경우의진로결정자기효능감이 3.68로가장높았으며고교성적 3.21, 부모님권유 3.12, 전문직 3.11의순으로조사되었고전공에대한일반적만족에서도적성과흥미가 3.85 로가장높았고부모님권유가 3.24로가장낮게나타났다. 학업성적에따른조사에서는셀프리더십의자기기대요인에대해상위권 3.75, 중상위권 3.50, 중위권 3.41, 중하위권 3.37, 하위권 2.86으로성적이좋을수록자기기대가높은것으로나타났다. 자기보상요인에대해서는중위권이 3.64로가장낮게조사되었다. 연구대상자의희망진로에따른셀프리더십의건설적요인에대해대학원진학을희망하는대상자가 3.83으로가장높았으며기타가 2.87로가장낮게나타났다. 셀프리더십이치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향을확인하기위한회귀분석을실시하기위해전체변인의 Pearson 상관계수를산출한결과이다 <Table 4>. 셀프리더십의하위변인들은모두진로결정자기효능감과유의미한정적관계를가졌으며, 건설적사고와진로결정자기효능감의상관 (r=.442, p<0.01) 이가장높게조사되었다. 5. 전공만족도요인과진로결정자기효능감의상관관계 전공만족도가치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향을확인하기위한회귀분석을실시하기위해전체변인의 Pearson 적률상관계수를산출한결과이다 <Table 5>. 전공만족도의하위변인들은모두진로결정자기효능감과유의미한정적관계를가졌으며, 일반만족과진로결정자기효능감의상관 (r=.482, p<.01) 이가장높았다. - 55 -
Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science Vol.1 No.1 October 2013 <Table 3> Difference of Self-leadership, Major Satisfaction and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy according to general characteristics reason for department selection academic performance hope professional career Self-leadership Self-expectation Rehearsal Goal-setting Self-compensation Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) HSG 3.61±0.69 3.42±0.79 3.34±0.59 3.98±0.65 IFP 3.43±0.63 3.45±0.72 3.32±0.60 3.80±0.60 PJ 3.47±0.58 0.351 3.36±0.56 0.696 3.48±0.49 1.383 3.74±0.59 1.075 (.843) (.595) (.240) (.370) AI 3.52±0.51 3.64±0.80 3.61±0.74 3.97±0.53 etc. 3.42±0.87 3.50±0.59 3.38±0.56 3.73±0.83 HL 3.75±0.63 3.49±0.62 3.59±0.67 3.80±0.56 MUL 3.50±0.60 3.45±0.63 3.42±0.55 3.95±0.59 ML 3.41±0.58 3.080 1.388 0.748 3.42±0.67 3.37±0.54 (.017*) (.239) (.560) 3.64±0.62 LML 3.37±065 3.34±0.66 3.40±0.54 3.71±0.64 LL 2.86±073 2.80±073 3.46±055 3.66±0.57 HOS 3.47±0.63 3.43±0.66 3.41±0.56 3.79±0.61 GS 3.44±0.77 3.22±0.45 3.72±0.44 3.88±0.65 RI 3.44±0.50 0.017 0.239 0.608 3.44±0.19 3.66±0.33 (.999) (.916) (.657) 3.33±0.33 PS 3.44±0.52 3.35±0.76 3.37±0.55 3.87±0.68 etc. 3.37±0.38 3.33±0.47 3.47±0.69 3.87±0.61 Total 3.47±0.62 3.42±0.66 3.42±0.57 3.80±0.62 3.102 (.016*) 0.534 (.711) reason for department selection Self-leadership Career Self-criticism Constructive thinking Total Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) HSG 3.00±0.50 3.27±0.75 3.43±0.37 3.21±0.46 IFP 3.10±0.58 3.07±0.53 3.36±0.39 3.12±0.38 PJ 3.12±0.75 0.818 1.953 1.105 3.16±0.58 3.39±0.32 (.515) (.103) (.355) 3.11±0.42 AI 3.30±0.78 3.42±0.65 3.58±0.42 3.68±0.40 etc. 2.88±0.79 3.42±0.73 3.39±0.43 3.01±0.46 HL 3.29±0.64 3.32±0.66 3.54±0.41 3.28±0.50 MUL 3.11±0.71 3.11±0.57 3.42±0.37 3.13±0.43 academic.872 1.285 2.365 ML 3.03±0.67 3.23±0.65 3.35±0.34 performance (.482) (.277) (.054) 3.19±0.43 LML 3.03±0.71 3.14±0.46 3.33±0.32 3.27±0.37 LL 3.26±0.43 2.80±0.60 3.14±0.35 3.11±0.38 HOS 3.06±0.70 3.15±0.58 3.39±0.36 3.18±0.44 hope GS 3.38±0.97 3.83±0.91 3.58±0.49 3.21±0.58 0.967 2.495 0.461 professional RI 3.33±0.33 2.88±0.19 3.35±0.08 3.07±0.33 (.426) (.044*) (.764) career PS 3.31±0.46 3.27±0.62 3.43±0.35 3.21±0.31 etc. 3.27±0.43 2.87±0.69 3.38±0.31 3.17±0.42 Total 3.10±0.69 3.18±0.60 3.40±0.37 3.34±0.63 5.940 (.000**) 0.080 (.999) 1.055 (.379) - 56 -
The Effect of Self-Leadership and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Students reason for department selection academic performance hope professional career Major Satisfaction General satisfaction Social perception Curriculum Relationship satisfaction satisfaction satisfaction Total Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) Mean±SD F(P) HSG 3.50±0.86 3.81±0.82 3.09±0.68 3.29±0.95 3.51±0.72 IFP 3.24±0.62 3.78±0.59 3.12±0.61 3.42±0.65 3.45±0.46 3.261 2.359 1.070 0.757 2.811 PJ 3.31±0.58 3.75±0.59 3.03±0.70 3.33±0.68 3.43±0.46 (.013*) (.054) (.372) (.554) (.026*) AI 3.85±0.48 4.25±0.56 3.07±0.91 3.35±0.71 3.39±0.50 etc. 3.34±0.63 3.79±0.62 3.09±0.68 3.37±0.70 3.47±0.50 HL 3.50±0.63 3.82±0.70 3.05±0.59 3.33±0.79 3.52±0.59 MUL 3.40±0.63 3.79±0.63 3.01±0.61 3.35±0.75 3.47±0.49 2.383 0.019 0.935 0.482 ML 3.27±0.61 3.78±0.65 3.14±0.73 3.36±0.66 3.45±0.51 (.052) (.999) (.444) (.749) LML 3.26±0.54 3.78±0.40 3.21±0.82 3.54±0.59 3.49±0.40 LL 2.70±0.95 3.79±0.62 2.90±0.65 3.45±0.81 3.24±0.61 HOS 3.36±0.62 3.83±0.59 3.12±0.68 3.38±0.72 3.49±0.50 GS 3.36±0.66 3.19±1.09 2.58±1.02 3.25±0.82 3.19±0.79 0.944 2.387 1.597 0.357 RI 3.00±0.60 3.50±0.00 3.16±0.28 3.33±0.14 3.25±0.25 (.439) (.052) (.176) (.839) PS 3.26±0.59 3.56±0.66 3.05±0.51 3.26±0.64 3.34±0.42 etc. 2.90±0.96 3.83±0.83 2.60±0.82 3.65±0.45 3.34±0.50 0.374 (.827) 1.095 (.360) Total 3.34±0.63 3.79±0.63 3.09±0.69 3.38±0.71 3.47±0.51 HSG : high school grades, IFP : invite friendly people, PJ : professional job, AI : aptitudes and interests, HOS : hospital, GS : graduate school, RI : related industry, PS : public servant, HL : high level, MUL : mid-upper level, ML : middle level, LML : low and medium level, LL : low level ** : p<.01, * : p<.05 <Table 4> Correlation between Self-leadership and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy 1.000 2. Self-expectation.355** 1.000 3. Rehearsal.298**.246** 1.000 4. Goal-setting.426**.429**.287** 1.000 5. Self-compensation.211**.378**.158**.356** 1.000 6. Self-criticism.254** -.029.253**.124** -.031 1.000 7. Constructive thinking.442**.327**.238**.301**.048.190** 1.000 ** p<0.01 <Table 5> Correlation between Major Satisfaction and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy 1 2 3 4 5 1. Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy 1.000 2. General satisfaction.482** 1.000 3. Social perception satisfaction.320**.561** 1.000 4. Curriculum satisfaction.308**.388**.318** 1.000 5. Relationship satisfaction.229**.382**.412**.495** 1.000 ** p<0.01-57 -
Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science Vol.1 No.1 October 2013 6. 셀프리더십이진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향 셀프리더십이치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향이어떠한지를확인하기위해단계적회귀분석을실시하였다 <Table 6>. 셀프리더십은진로결정자기효능감변량의 33.2% 를설명해주고있으며이에대한 F값은 28.854이고 p<0.05 수준에서통계적으로유의했다. 셀프리더십 의하위변인중진로결정자기효능감을유의하게설명하는변인은자기기대, 목표설정, 자기비판, 건설적사고였으며 β계수가각각 0.161, 0.251, 0.174, 0.281로모두정적인관계를보였다. 치위생 ( 학 ) 과졸업예정자들은자기기대, 목표설정, 자기비판, 건설적사고가높을수록진로결정자기효능감수준이높아진다고볼수있다. 리허설요인과자기보상요인은통계적으로유의하지않은것으로나타났다. <Table 6> The effect of Self-leadership on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Variables B SE β t F R2 Self-expectation.112.043.161 2.614** Goal-setting.192.047.251 4.115** Self-criticism.110.035.174 3.150** 28.854**.332 Constructive thinking.202.042.281 4.769** ** p<0.05 7. 전공만족도가진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향 전공만족도가치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에미치는영향이어떠한지를확인하기위해단계적회귀분석을실시하였다 <Table 7>. 전공만족도는진로결정자기효능감변량의 24.9% 를설명해주고있으며이에대한 F값은 38.891이고 p<0.05 수준에서통계적으로유의했다. 전공만족도의하위변인중진로결정자기효능감을유의하게설명하는변인은일반만족, 교과만족이었으며 β계수가각각 0.426, 0.143으로모두정적인관계를보였다. 치위생 ( 학 ) 과의졸업예정자들은일반만족, 교과만족이높을수록진로결정자기효능감수준이높아진다고볼수있다. 인식만족요인과전공만족요인은통계적으로유의하지않은것으로나타났다. <Table 7> The effect of Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy 구분 B SE β t F R2 General satisfaction.292.042.426 6.941** Curriculum Satisfaction.090.039.143 2.324** 38.891**.249 ** p<0.05 Ⅳ. 고찰및결론 본연구에서는전공만족도와셀프리더십이치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에미치는 영향을파악하고자했다. 이를통해치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에영향을주는변인을확인하여, 치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의전공만족도를높이고자기주도적진로결정에필요한기초자료를제공하는데목적이있다. - 58 -
The Effect of Self-Leadership and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Students 치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의셀프리더십은 3.40으로나타났으며, 자기보상요인이 3.80으로가장높게조사되었고자기기대요인이 3.47, 리허설과목표설정이 3.42, 건설적사고 3.18, 자기비판 3.10의순으로나타났다. 이는간호대학생을대상으로연구한양과문 [15] 의셀프리더십 3.72 보다낮은것으로치위생전공선택시전공에대한적성을고려하는비율이상대적으로낮아발생하는결과로사료된다. 성적에따른셀프리더십을조사한결과학업성적이우수할수록자기기대요인이높게나타났고, 자기보상요인과성적은무관한것으로조사되었다. 희망진로에따른셀프리더십비교분석결과대학원진학을희망하는집단이가장높은건설적사고를지니고있음을알수있었고, 아직자신의진로선택을결정하지않은집단이건설적사고요인이가장낮은것으로조사되었다. 셀프리더십과진로결정자기효능감간의상관관계분석에서는모두양의상관관계를보여셀프리더십정도가높을수록진로결정자기효능감이높아지는것으로조사되었다. 또한, 진로결정자기효능감에영향을미치는셀프리더십요인은건설적사고, 목표설정, 자기비판, 자기기대의순으로나타났다. 이는김과정 [16] 이대학생을대상으로실시한연구에서셀프리더십이진로결정자기효능감에직접적으로긍정적인영향을미친다는결과와한과김 [17] 의연구에서셀프리더십이높으면자기목표설정정도가높으며공부와삶의목표달성을위해노력함으로전반적인대학생활에대한만족도가높아진다는연구결과와일치한다. 즉, 실패를보다나은성과를위한배움의기회로보고어려운과제에직면했을때그것을어떻게하면해결할수있을까를먼저생각하고수행과정에서일어나는문제를오히려기회로생각함으로써본인의진로결정효능감을높일수있으며향후학교교과과정에서의증대방안을위한연구가이루어져야할것으로생각된다. 전공만족도는 3.47로, 타인의인식만족이 3.79로가장높았고, 교수-학생관계만족 3.37, 일반만족 3.34, 교과만족 3.09 순으로나타났다. 이는학생들이치위생학전공에대한본인의확신보다는외부의평가에더욱민감하기때문으로보인다. 전공만족도와진로결정자기효능감간의상관관계분석에서도모두양의상관관계를보여전공만족도정도가높을수록진로결정자기효능감이높아지는것으로나타났으며전공만족도하부요인중일반만족, 교과만족의순으로진로결정자기효능감에영향을미치는것으로조사되었다. 이는전공에대한전반적인만족감이진로결정자기효능감에유의미한영향을미친다는김 [18] 의연구결과와도일치한다. 치위생학전공에대한교육내용의흥미와, 가치있는것을배우면서교과목과잘맞는가에대한일반만족이전공만족도에크게기여하며, 이를통해진로결정자기효능감이높아지는요인인것으로사료된다. 즉, 진로결정자기효능감은전공에대한자부심을느끼고흥미와적성에맞을수록높아지게된다. 이는자신의흥미와적성에대한심도있는이해를통한전공선택의필요성을시사하며, 전공에대한만족감이높을수록자신의능력에대한자신감이높아져합리적인진로결정을하게된다는것을의미한다. 치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의지원동기에따른진로결정자기효능감수준에는유의한차이가있었으며본인의적성과흥미에따라전공을선택한학생의진로결정자기효능감수준이가장높은것으로나타났고, 전공선택시본인의의지가반영되지않은연구대상자의진로결정자기효능감이가장낮게나타났다. 본연구의결과는김과정 [16] 이대학생을대상으로연구한진로동기가진로결정자기효능감에직접적으로영향을미친다는결과와일치한다. 즉, 학과의선택에있어자기주도적인적성과흥미를바탕으로전공을선택할경우진로결정과관련된과제에대해강한자신감을갖게된다고판단된다. 결과적으로치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들의진로결정자기효능감에영향을미치는요인으로일반만족과건 - 59 -
Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science Vol.1 No.1 October 2013 설적사고로나타난결과를볼때, 개인의진로결정과관련된과제의성공적해결을할수있다는자신감의정도인진로결정자기효능감의향상을위해서는전공교육에대한흥미유발및건설적사고를할수있는자기개발과제의부여, 비판과토론의문제해결능력을지닌인재로의양성이필요하며이를위한교육프로그램의개발이필요하다고생각된다. 이를통해자신이속한전공과관련이있는모든활동에대한만족감이높아진다면개인의진로결정과관련된과제들을성공적으로해결할수있다고느끼는자신의능력에대한자신감이높아져합리적인진로결정을하게될것이다. 치위생 ( 학 ) 과학생들을대상으로진로결정자기효능감, 셀프리더십, 전공만족도의상관성을규명한본연구가진로결정자기효능감향상을통한치과위생사의전문직업성확대를위한기초자료로도움이되리라생각한다. 본연구는부산, 울산, 경남지역소재치위생 ( 학 ) 과재학생들을대상으로이루어져결론을일반화시키는데한계가있다. 따라서이런한계를줄이기위하여보다다양한지역별, 학교종류별로광범위한연구가필요하며또한, 진로결정자기효능감에영향을미치는설명력높은변인을찾아내고인과관계를밝히는계속적인연구가필요하다고생각된다. 참고문헌 1. Kim SJ: The Influence of Career Barriers, Hope and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy on Career Preparation Behavior of College Student. doctoral dissertation, Hongik University, Seoul, 2005. 2. Ha HS: A Study of Department Satisfaction and School Satisfaction of Undergraduate Students. master s thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, 2000. 3. Lim YS: A Study on Career Socialization in College Students with the Focus on the Degree of Their Satisfaction with Major. The Journal of Educational Research 9:107-129, 1993. 4. Kim KS, Yu MS: A Study of the Relation between the Professional Self-Concept and the Practice Performance as Dental Hygienist. Journal of Dental Hygiene Science 4(3):111-115, 2004. 5. Manz CC, Sims HP Jr.: Self-management as a Substitute For Leadership: A Social Learning Theory Perspective. The Academy of Management Review 5(3):361-367, 1980. 6. Bandura A: Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 84(2):191-215, 1977. 7. Lent RW, Hackette G: Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions. Journal of Vocational Behavior 30(3):347-382, 1987. 8. Park HS, Bae YJ, Jung SY: A Study on Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Coping Methods, and the Academic and Job-seeking Stress of Nursing Students. J Korean Acad of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurs 11(4);621-631, 2002. 9. Hackett G, Betz NE: A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior 18(3):326-339, 1981. 10. You SY: Relationship of Critical Thinking Disposition, Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy among Dental Hygiene Majors. master s thesis, Hanseo University, Chungnam, 2013. 11. Manz C: The art of self-leadership: Strategies for personal effectiveness in your life and work, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1983. 12. Kim HS: The relationship between teacher s self-leadership and the job satisfaction at secondary schools. master s thesis, Soongsil University, Seoul, 2002. 13. Lee DJ: The relationships among satisfaction in major, gender identity, and gender stereotypes of - 60 -
The Effect of Self-Leadership and Major Satisfaction on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Dental Hygiene Students male nursing students. master s thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, 2004. 14. Lee KH, Lee HJ: The Effects of Career Self Efficacy in Predicting the Level of Career Attitude Maturity of College Students. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 12(1):127-136, 2000. 15. Yang NY, Moon SY: Relationship of Self-leadership, Stress and Satisfaction in Clinical Practice of Nursing Students. J Korean Acad Nurs Admin 17(2):216-225, 2011. 16. Kim BK, Jung CY: The Casual Relationship among Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy, Self-Leadership, Problem Solving Ability, and Career Motivation. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development 44(2):49-71, 2012. 17. Han YS, Kim MS: Gender difference in self-leadership and its impact on the effectiveness of college Life. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology 15(2):215-233, 2010. 18. Kim HJ: The Influence of Collage Students Major Satisfaction and Flow Experience on Career Decision Efficacy and Career Attitude Maturity. master s thesis, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 2007. 접수일자심사일자게재확정일자 2013 년 9 월 9 일 2013 년 9 월 27 일 2013 년 10 월 10 일 - 61 -